Concise Anthology ofAmerican Literature

Sixth Edition

George McMichaelCalifornia State University, Hayward

James S. LeonardThe Citadel

PEARSON

PrenticeHall

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Contents

Preface xxix

The Literature of Colonial America 1

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451-1506) 14

Columbus's Letter Describing His First Voyage 16FROM The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America

Thursday 11 October 1492 20Sunday 14 October 1492 22

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH (1580-1631) 23

FROM The General History of VirginiaThe Third Book 25Powhatan's Discourse of Peace and War 37

NATIVE AMERICAN VOICES I 38

Myths and TalesHow the World Began 39How the World Was Made 47The Beginning of Summer and Winter 48The Gift of the Sacred Pipe 50Thunder, Dizzying Liquid, and Cups That Do Not Grow 52

WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590-1657) 53

FROM Of Plymouth Plantation

FROM Chapter I [Bradford on the Rise of Protestantism] 55FROM Chapter III, Of Their Settling in Holland,

and Their Manner of Living . . . 56FROM Chapter IV, Showing the Reasons and Causes

of Their Removal 57FROM Chapter VII, Of Their Departure from Leyden . . . 59

viii Contents

FROM Chapter IX, Of Their Voyage . . . 61FROM Chapter X, Showing How They Sought Out a Place

of Habitation . . . 64FROM Chapter XI [The Mayflower Contract] 66FROM Chapter XII [The Narragansett Threat] 69FROM Chapter XIV [Ending the "Common Course . . ."] 70FROM Chapter XXVIII [War with the Pequots] 71FROM Chapter XXXVI [Winslow Abandons

the Plymouth Colony] 73

JOHN WINTHROP (1588-1649) 74

FROM The Journal of John Winthrop 75

THE BAY PSALM BOOK (1640) 85

FROM The Bay Psalm Book 86

THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER (C. 1683) 89

FROM The New England Primer 90

ANNE BRADSTREET (1612-1672) 96

The Prologue . 98Contemplations 100The Flesh and the Spirit 107The Author to Her Book 110Before the Birth of One of Her Children 110To My Dear and Loving Husband 111A Letter to Her Husband Absent upon Public Employment 111In Reference to Her Children, 23 June, 1659 112In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet . . . 115On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet . . . 115[On Deliverance] from Another Sore Fit 116Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666 116As Weary Pilgrim 118FROM Meditations Divine and Moral 119

Contents ix

EDWARD TAYLOR (c. 1642-1729) 122

Prologue • ' 123FROM Preparatory Meditations

The Reflexion 124Meditation 6 (First Series) 125Meditation 8 (First Series) 126Meditation 38 (First Series) 127Meditation 39 (First Series) • 128Meditation 150 (Second Series) 130

FROM God's DeterminationsThe Preface 130The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended 132

Upon a Spider Catching a Fly 133Huswifery 134The Ebb and Flow 135A Fig for Thee Oh! Death 135

SAMUEL SEWALL (1652-1730) 137

FROM The Diary of Samuel Sewall 138

MARYROWLANDSON(C. 1637-1711) 148

FROM A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration . . . • 149

WILLIAM BYRD II (1674-1744) 166

FROM The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1709 - i 712 167

JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703-1758) 171

Sarah Pierrepont 173Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 174FROM Images or Shadows of Divine Things • 186

The Literature of Reason and Revolution 191

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 -1790) 196

FROM The Autobiography ; 198

x Contents

MICHEL-GUDLLAUME-JEAN DE CREVECOEUR (1735-1813) 259

FROM Letters from an American FarmerLetter III (What Is an American?) 260Letter IX (Description of Charleston . . .) 269

THOMAS PAINE (1737-1809) 274

FROM Common Sense 276FROM The American Crisis 277

THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826) 284

The Declaration of Independence 286FROM Notes on the State of Virginia

FROM Query V: Cascades 288FROM Query VI: Productions Mineral, Vegetable

and Animal 289FROM Query XVII: Religion 293FROM Query XVIII: Manners 296FROM Query XIX: Manufactures 297

To James Madison 298To John Adams 301

THE FEDERALIST (1787-1788) . 304

The Federalist No. 10 305The Federalist No. 51 311

PHILLISWHEATLEY (1754?-1784) . 314

On Virtue 316To the University of Cambridge, in New England 316On Being Brought from Africa to America 317On Imagination 318To S. M. A Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works 319Recollection 320To His Excellency General Washington 322

Contents xi

PHUJP FRENEAU (1752-1832) . - 323

The Power of Fancy ' v . . . . - . . 3 2 5The Hurricane ' 329To Sir Toby 330The Wild Honey Suckle 332The Indian Burying Ground 332On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature 334

HANNAH WEBSTER FOSTER (1758-1840) 335

FfiOM T h e C o q u e t t e ; o r , T h e H i s t o r y o f E l i z a W h a r t o n ; . . . 3 3 6

WILLIAM BARTRAM (1739-1823) 355

F R O M T r a v e l s T h r o u g h N o r t h a n d S o u t h C a r o l i n a . . . . 3 5 6

N A T I V E A M E R I C A N V O I C E S I I 3 7 2

FROM A Son of the Forest 373FROM Crashing Thunder . . . 380FROM Story of the Indian 382FROM Pawnee Hero Stories ' 384Legend of the Snake Order . . . 384When the Coyote Married the Maiden ' 388The Creation of the Horse ••••• ' ^Poems ' ' , „ 392Orations ' 395

The Age of Romanticism 399

WASHINGTON IRVING (1783-1859) 404

FROM A History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker 406FROM The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.

The Author's Account of Himself 413Rip Van Winkle 415The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 428

xii Contents

JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789 -1851) 450

Preface to the Leather-Stocking Tales 452FROM The Deerslayer 454FROM The Pioneers 472

WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794 -1878) 478

Thanatopsis 480To a Waterfowl 482To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe 483To the Fringed Gentian 483The Prairies 484Abraham Lincoln 487

EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849) 487

Sonnet—To Science 490To Helen 490The City in the Sea 491Sonnet—Silence 492Lenore 492The Raven 493Annabel Lee 496Ligeia 497The Fall of the House of Usher 508The Purloined Letter 522FROM "Twice-Told Tales, by Nathaniel Hawthorne" [A Review] 536The Philosophy of Composition 539

RALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803 -1882) 548

Nature 550The American Scholar 579Self-Reliance 592The Rhodora 610Each and All 610Concord Hymn 611The Problem 612Ode 614Hamatreya 616

Contents xiii

Give All to Love 618Days ' 619Brahma 619

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864) 620

Young Goodman Brown 622The Minister's Black Veil 632The Birth-Mark 641

HERMAN MELVILLE (1819-1891) 652

Bartleby, the Scrivener 654Benito Cereno 680The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids . 739The Portent 756Shiloh 756Malvern Hill 757The College Colonel 758The ;Eolian Harp 759The Tuft of Kelp 761The Maldive Shark 761The Berg 761Art 762Greek Architecture 763

HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817-1862) 763

Civil Disobedience 765FROM Walden \ 782

HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807 -1882) 874

A Psalm of Life , 875The Arsenal at Springfield 876The Jewish Cemetery at Newport 878My Lost Youth 880Aftermath 882The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls 882

xiv Contents

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (1819-1891) 883

To the Dandelion 884FROM The Biglow Papers, First Series 886FROM A Fable for Critics 891

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811-1896) 900

FROM Uncle Tom's Cabin 901

FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818-1895) 941

FROM The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass 942

HARRIET ANN JACOBS (1813-1897) 960

FROM Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl . 961

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865) 988

To Horace Greeley 990Gettysburg Address 991Second Inaugural Address 991

WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892) 992

Preface to the 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass 995FROM Inscriptions

One's-SelflSing 1010When I read the book 1010

Song of Myself 1010FROM Children of Adam

Out of the rolling ocean the crowd 1057Once I pass'd through a populous city 1058Facing west from California's shores 1058

FROM Calamus •'I saw in Louisiana a live-oak growing •'• ' 1059I hear it was charged against me 1059

Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 1060FROM Sea-Drift

Out of the cradle endlessly rocking 1064

Contents xv

FROM By the RoadsideWhen I heard the learn'd astronomer . 1069The Dalliance of the Eagles 1070

FROM Drum-TapsBeat! Beat! Drums! 1070Cavalry Crossing a Ford . 1071Bivouac on a Mountain Side . 1071Vigil strange I kept on the field one night 1072A march in the ranks hard-prest, and the road unknown 1073A sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim 1074The Wound-Dresser 1074

FROM Memories of President LincolnWhen lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd . 1076

FROM Autumn RivuletsThere was a child went forth 1083

Passage to India 1085The Sleepers 1092FROM Whispers of Heavenly Death.

A noiseless patient spider 1099FROM Noon to Starry Night

To a Locomotive in Winter 1099FROM Good-Bye My Fancy

L. of G.'s Purport 1100

EMILY DICKINSON (1830-1886) 1101

49 I never lost as much but twice 110267 Success is counted sweetest 1103

125 For each ecstatic instant 1103130 These are the days when Birds come back 1103165 A WoundedDeer—leaps highest 1104185 "Faith" is a fine invention - 1104210 The thought beneath so slight a film 1104214 I taste a liquor never brewed 1104216 Safe in their Alabaster Chambers 1105241 I like a look of Agony 1105249 Wild Nights—Wild Nights! 1106258 There's a certain Slant of light 1106280 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain 1106301 I reason, Earth is short 1107303 The Soul selects her own Society 1107328 A Bird came down the Walk 1108338 I know that He exists 1108401 What Soft—Cherubic Creatures 1109

xvi Contents

435 Much Madness is divinest Sense • 1109441 This is my letter to the World ' 1109449 I died for Beauty—but was scarce 1109465 I heard a Fly buzz—when I died 1110510 It was not Death, for I stood up 1110

•536 The Heart asks Pleasure—first 1111585 I like to see it lap the Miles 1111640 I cannot live with You 1112650 Pain—has an Element of Blank 1113670 One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted 1113675 Essential Oils—are wrung 1114712 Because I could not stop for Death 1114764 Presentiment—is that long Shadow—on the Lawn 1115976 Death is a Dialogue between 1115986 A narrow Fellow in the Grass 1115

1052 I never saw a Moor 11161078 The Bustle in a House 11161207 He preached upon "Breadth" till it argued him narrow 11171463 A Route of Evanescence . 11171624 Apparently with no surprise 11171732 My life closed twice before its close 11181755 To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee 1118

The Age of Realism 1119

MARK TWAIN (1835-1910) 1126

The Dandy Frightening the Squatter 1128The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 1129Whittier Birthday Dinner Speech 1133Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1136

MARY E. WELKINS FREEMAN (1852-1930) 1320

A New England Nun . 1321

BRET HARTE (1836-1902) 1330

Tennessee's Partner . 1331

Contents xvii

CHARLES WADDELL CHESNUTT (1858 -1932) 1338

The Goophered Grapevine 1339

WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS (1837-1920) 1348

Editha 1349

HENRY JAMES (1843-1916) 1359

Daisy Miller: A Study 1361The Real Thing 1400

AMBROSE BIERCE (1842-1914) 1418

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 1419

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN (1860 -1935) 1425

The Yellow Wall-Paper 1428

KATE CHOPIN (1851-1904) 1439

Neg Creol 1440

STEPHEN CRANE (1871-1900) 1445

Black riders came from the sea 1446In the desert . 1447A god in wrath " 1447I saw a man pursuing the horizon . 1447Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind 1448A man said to the universe 1448A man adrift on a slim spar 1448The Open Boat 1449

FRANK NORRIS (1870-1902) 1466

A Deal in Wheat 1467

xviii Contents

JACK LONDON (1876-1916) 1475

The Law of Life 1476

EDITH WHARTON (1862-1937) 1481

The Other Two 1483

THEODORE DREISER (1871-1945) 1497

The Lost Phoebe 1498

The Modernist Era 1509

W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) 1514

FROM The Souls of Black Folk 1516

EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON (1869-1935) 1531

Richard Cory 1532Cliff Klingenhagen 1532Miniver Cheevy 1533How Annandale Went Out 1534Eros Turannos 1534Mr. Flood's Party 1535

ROBERT FROST (1874-1963) 1537

The Tuft of Flowers 1538Mending Wall 1539Home Burial . 1540The Black Cottage • 1543After Apple-Picking 1546The Wood-Pile 1547The Road Not Taken 1548An Old Man's Winter Night 1549Birches 1549The Oven Bird 1551For Once, Then, Something 1551

Contents xix

Fire and Ice .1551Design ' ' , 1552Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 1552

WILLACATHER (1873-1947) • •• ., 1 5 5 3

Paul's Case 1554

GERTRUDE STEIN (1874 -1946) 1567

FROM Three LivesThe Gentle Lena ,1570

Susie Asado 1590Picasso 1590

SHERWOOD ANDERSON (1876-1941) 1592

I Want to Know Why ' 1593

EUGENE O'NEILL (1888-1953) 1600

The Hairy Ape . 1602

EZRA POUND (1885-1972) 1632

Portrait d'une Femme , '_ . 1633Salutation ' " . - 1634A Pact 1635In a Station of the Metro 1635The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter 1635FROM Hugh Selwyn Mauberley

I [E.P. Ode pour l'Election de son Sepulchre] 1636II [The age demanded an image] 1637

III [The tea-rose tea-gown, etc.] . 1637IV [These fought in any case] ' " " 1638V [There died a myriad] . . . 1639

FROM The Cantos • . •.' :

I [And then went down to the ship] 1639: II [Hang it all, Robert Browning] . . .1642

XLV [With Usura] - _ . . 1646LXXXI [What thou lovest well remains] • 1647

xx Contents

T. S. ELIOT (1888-1965) 1648

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 1650Preludes 1653Gerontion 1655The Waste Land 1657Notes on "The Waste Land" 1669Journey of the Magi 1674

E. E. CUMMINGS (1894-1962) 1675

[all in green went my love riding] 1676[when god lets my body be] 1677[in Just-] 1678[O sweet spontaneous] 1678[Buffalo Bill's defunct] 1679[the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls] 1680[Poem, or beauty hurts Mr. Vinal] 1680[my sweet old etcetera] 1682[anyone lived in a pretty how town] 1682

HART CRANE (1899-1932) 1683

Black Tambourine 1684Chaplinesque 1685At Melville's Tomb 1685Voyages 1686FROM The Bridge

To Brooklyn Bridge 1688Powhatan's Daughter 1689

The Harbor Dawn 1689Van Winkle 1690The River 1692

The Tunnel 1696Atlantis 1700

WALLACE STEVENS (1879-1955) 1703

Peter Quince at the Clavier 1704Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock 1707Sunday Morning • • 1707Bantams in Pine-Woods • 1710Anecdote of the Jar 1711To the One of Fictive Music 1711

Contents xxi

The Emperor of Ice-Cream 1712Of Modern Poetry ' 1713Final Soliloquy of the Interior Paramour 1713The Plain Sense of Things 1714

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883-1963) 1715

Con Brio 1716The Young Housewife 1717Pastoral 1717Tract 1718Danse Russe 1720Queen-Ann's-Lace 1720Spring and All 1721To Elsie 1722The Red Wheelbarrow 1723At the Ball Game 1724Between Walls 1725This Is Just to Say 1725These 1726Seafarer 1727Landscape with the Fall of Icarus 1727

MARIANNE MOORE (1887-1972) 1728

To a Steam Roller 1729The Fish 1730Poetry 1731No Swan So Fine 1732In Distrust of Merits 1732

COUNTEE CULLEN (1903 -1946) 1734

Yet Do I Marvel 1735For a Lady I Know 1736Incident 1736From the Dark Tower 1736A Brown Girl Dead 1737Heritage 1737

JEAN TOOMER (1894-1967) 1740

Blood-Burning Moon 1741

xxii Contents

ZORANEALE HURSTON (1891?-1960) 1748

John Redding Goes to Sea 1750

THOMAS WOLFE (1900-1938) 1759

Only the Dead Know Brooklyn 1761

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD (1896-1940) 1764

Winter Dreams 1766

ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899-1961) 1782

The Killers 1784

WILLIAM FAULKNER (1897-1962) 1790

That Evening Sun 1792

LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967) 1803

The Negro Speaks of Rivers 1804Young Gal's Blues 1805I, Too 1806Note on Commercial Theatre 1806Dream Boogie 1807Harlem 1807

JOHN STEINBECK (1902-1968) 1808

Flight ' 1809

KATHERINE ANNE PORTER (1890-1980) 1821

Maria Conception i'-: * 1823

Contents xxiii

The Postmodern Era 1837

EUDORAWELTY (1909-2001) 1844

Death of a Traveling Salesman 1845

RICHARD WRIGHT (1908-1960) 1854

FROM Eight MenThe Man Who Was Almost a Man 1855

RALPH ELLISON (1914-1994) 1864

FROM Invisible Man 1865

TENNESSEE WILLIAMS (1911-1983) 1875

The Glass Menagerie 1878

THEODORE ROETHKE (1908-1963) 1923

Open House 1924Cuttings 1925Cuttings (Later) 1925Root Cellar 1925My Papa's Waltz 1926

ELIZABETH BISHOP (1911-1979) 1926

A Miracle for Breakfast 1927Over 2,000 Illustrations and a Complete Concordance . 1928Brazil, January 1, 1502 1930In the Waiting Room . ,• 1931

ROBERT LOWELL (1917-1977) 1933

Mr. Edwards and the Spider 1935Memories of West Street and Lepke . 1936Skunk Hour 1938

xxiv Contents

For the Union Dead 1939Will Not Come Back 1941

ANNE SEXTON (1928-1974) 1942

The Farmer's Wife 1942Ringing the Bells 1943And One for My Dame . 1944The Addict . 1945Us 1947Rowing 1947

SYLVIA PLATH (1932-1963) 1949

Two Views of a Cadaver Room 1950The Bee Meeting . 1950Ariel 1952The Applicant 1953Daddy 1954Fever 103° 1956

JAMES DICKEY (1923-1997) 1958

The Lifeguard 1959Reincarnation (I) . I960In the Mountain Tent 1961Cherrylog Road 1962The Shark's Parlor 1965

W. S. MERWIN (1927- ) 1967

Grandfather in the Old Men's Home 1968The Drunk in the Furnace 1969Separation 1970Noah's Raven , .. 1970The Dry Stone Mason 1970Fly 1971Strawberries • - • 1971Direction 1972

Contents xxv

LOUISE GLUCK (1943- ) 1973

Hesitate to Call > • . 1974The Chicago Train • - . . . . . 1974The Edge 1974My Neighbor in the Mirror •••'._' •. 1 9 7 5Thanksgiving 1975Vespers 1976Field Flowers 1976

JAMES BALDWIN (1924-1987) 1977

Sonny's Blues ' 1978

FLANNERY O'CONNOR (1925-1964) 2000

Good Country People 2001

JOHN UPDIKE (1932- ) 2015

Flight . 2016

BERNARD MALAMUD (1914-1986) 2028

The Magic Barrel ' J 2028

AMIRI BARAKA (LEROI JONES) (1934- ) 2040

In Memory of Radio 2041The Bridge 2042Notes for a Speech ; .••.-. 2043An Agony, As Now 2044A Poem for Democrats ' 2045A Poem for Speculative Hipsters ' ' ' 2046A Poem Some People Will Have to Understand 2046A Poem for Half-White College Students 2047Biography : 2048

xxvi Contents

JUNE JORDAN (1936-2002) 2049

All the World Moved 2050In Memoriam: Martin Luther King, Jr. 2050Meta-Rhetoric 2051Poem About My Rights 2052

EDWARD ALBEE (1928- ) 2055

The Zoo Story 2056

SAUL BELLOW (1915-2005) 2072

A Silver Dish 2073

JOYCE CAROL OATES (1938- ) 2093

The Knife 2094

ALICE WALKER (1944- ) 2104

Everyday Use 2105

AMY TAN (1952- ) 2111

FROM The Joy Luck ClubHalf and Half 2112

BOBBIE ANN MASON (1940- ) 2121

Shiloh 2123

GLORIA NAYLOR (1950- ) 2133

FROM The Women of Brewster PlaceLucielia Louise Turner 2133

RAYMOND CARVER (1938-1988) 2144

Cathedral 2145

Contents xxvii

SANDRA CISNEROS (1954- ) 2156

FROM Woman Hollering CreekMericans 2157

LOUISE ERDRICH (1954- ) 2159

FROM Love MedicineThe Red Convertible (1974) 2160

TINA HOWE (1937- ) 2167

Painting Churches 2168

TONI MORRISON (1931- ) 2212

FROM Sula1922 2213

DAVID MAMET (1947- ) 2222

House of Games 2224

JUDY BUDNITZ (1973- ) 2262

FROM Nice Big American BabyWhere We Come From 2263

Reference Works, Bibliographies 2278

Criticism, Literary and Cultural History 2283

Chronology 2291

Acknowledgments 2320

Index to Authors, Titles, and First lines 2327