327© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021Y. Zhang, Spillover and Feedback Effects in Low Carbon Development, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4971-4

Regional coordination in low-carbon development is of great significance to China’s overall construction of a moderately prosperous society, the building of ecological civilization, the response to global climate change, the integration and leading of global environmental governance, and the improvement of the quality of economic growth and sustained competi-tiveness. This book makes multi-level and multi-perspective systematic studies on the pathway and policy of regional coordination in low-carbon development from the perspective of interregional economy and carbon emission spillover-feedback effects. Based on the analysis results of each chapter and the current political and economic development situation in China and beyond, the book makes the following main conclusions, judg-ments and suggestions.

I. The InTernal and exTernal Forces oF regIonal coordInaTIon In low-carbon developmenT Is

geTTIng sTronger

The level of economic development, level of technology, sectoral compo-sition of the economy and resource endowment conditions among regions in China are quite different, providing a strong internal driving force for the complementary advantages and coordinated development among

conclusIons

328 CONCLUSIONS

regions. Also, the external conditions for China’s regional coordination in low-carbon development are also increasingly optimized.

(I) The Central Government Has Attached Great Importance to the Concept of Low-carbon Development, so that Low-carbon Development Has Gradually Become the Development Consensus of All RegionsThe central government has proposed innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing as the five guiding principles for China’s develop-ment in the current period and the long run. Low- carbon development is an important content in the field of green development and an important starting point for promoting green development and ecological civiliza-tion construction. In particular, the carbon-intensity control target set by the central government for 2020, the target of reaching the peak in carbon emissions around 2030 and the regional decomposition of these targets have formed a strong incentive for the low-carbon development of all regions. It can be said that all regions have taken low-carbon development as their local development goals and internal requirements, formulating corresponding planning schemes and policy measures. Therefore, there is no difference in the recognition of the goal of low-carbon development in all regions but a high degree of consistency and coordination.

(II) The Rapid Development of Infrastructure and Related Industries in China Has Provided More Favorable Conditions for the Flow of Commodities and Factors between RegionsIn recent years, China’s interregional trade has developed relatively well. The value of goods and services exported by regions has reached one-fifth of the total output on average, and some regions have even reached 40 percent of the total output. With the further development of China’s modern transportation and communication infrastructure, the flow of goods and factors between regions is expected to continue to grow. According to the data published on the website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the mileage of expressways in China has increased from 74,100 km in 2010 to 123,500 km in 2015. The national electrified rail-way mileage has also achieved breakthrough development, jumping from 36,900 km in 2014 to 74,700 km in 2015. The length of optical cable lines has grown from less than 10 million km in 2010 to nearly 25 mil-lion km in 2015, with long-distance optical cable lines increasing by about 150,000 km.

329 CONCLUSIONS

The fast development of infrastructure has also driven the rapid growth of transportation, information, finance and other related modern service industries. From 2010 to 2015, the number of people employed in road transport, air transport and postal services has doubled. The penetration of mobile phones rose from 64.36 percent to 92.49 percent; China’s Internet penetration rose from 34.3 percent to 50.3 percent. The number of Internet broadband access users increased from 126 million to 259 mil-lion, more than doubling. The added value of the financial industry is increasing at a rate of about 10 percent annually, with its growth rate as high as 16 percent in 2015. The development of the infrastructure and related service industries has effectively promoted the market integration among regions, creating favorable conditions for the flows of materials, information, capital and personnel among regions.

(III) A Series of Major Regional Development Strategies and Plans Formulated by China Has Provided Strong Impetus for Regional Coordination in Low-carbon DevelopmentIn order to facilitate the coordination in regional development, China put forward the strategy of the “western development” in 1999. According to relevant changes, it successively mapped out major regional development strategies such as the “rise of the central region” and the “revitalization of the old industrial base in the northeast region.” The regional development strategies have effectively boosted the economic development of the above-mentioned regions, produced a huge economic spillover effect, and enabled the economic growth to show a multi-polarization trend, laying a solid foundation for regional coordination in low-carbon development. In recent years, the central government has even formulated the Belt and Road Initiative, focusing on the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the Yangtze River economic belt as the strategy of the coordination in regional development. The Belt and Road Initiative is the national top-level design for the coordination in regional development, while the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and the Yangtze River Economic Belt focus on their planning for the coordination in regional development in a bid to open a breakthrough for the coordination in regional development of the country and explore valuable experience. As a national strategic develop-ment goal, low-carbon development is undoubtedly the basic goal and even the priority goal of the above-mentioned major regional develop-ment strategies. For example, the planning outline of the Yangtze River Economic Belt requires that the development of the Yangtze River

330 CONCLUSIONS

Economic Belt must give priority to the ecological environment and fol-low a green and low-carbon development path. The new regional devel-opment strategy will further promote China’s regional coordination in low-carbon development.

(IV) The Fast Development of Low-carbon Technology Has Provided Technical Support for Regional Coordination in Low-carbon DevelopmentThe research in this book shows that the development of low-carbon tech-nology in China in recent years has greatly reduced the direct carbon emis-sion intensity of regions and sectors, playing a prominent role in facilitating regional coordination in low-carbon development. China’s low-carbon technology still has great room for development. Specifically, some energy-saving technologies in energy-intensive industries have made great break-throughs. For example, China’s power industry has continuously made major breakthroughs in UHV; smart grid; large capacity, high parameters, low-energy-consumption thermal power units; efficient and clean coal-fired power generation and other technical fields.1 The waste-heat power generation technology in the steel and cement industries has also reached the world’s advanced level. The R&D of clean energy technology and its industrialization have made rapid progress. For example, the third-gener-ation nuclear power engineering design and equipment manufacturing, and renewable energy power generation have also made significant prog-ress. Moreover, the industrialization of wind power and solar photovoltaic power generation has already led the world. Low-carbon technologies in the fields of transportation, construction and residential life have also made great progress, such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic building sys-tems, exterior wall insulation technologies, solar water-heating systems, and green lighting systems. (It can be expected that the development of low-carbon technologies in China will provide strong support for regional coordination in low-carbon development).

1 China Electricity Council: the 2016 Development Report of China Electric Power Industry.

331 CONCLUSIONS

(V) The Low-carbon Development Strategies, Plans and Policies at National and Local Levels are Forming System that Provides Solid Institutional Guarantee for Regional Coordination in Low-carbon DevelopmentIn addition to low-carbon technological progress, a host of low-carbon development strategies, plans and policies are undoubtedly important fac-tors to promote regional coordination in low-carbon development. They can effectively urge all regions and sectors to adopt low-carbon technolo-gies and change their development mode to the low-carbon one. Since China took energy conservation and emission reduction as a binding indi-cator for national development for the first time during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the strategies, plans and policies concerning low-carbon devel-opment have been promulgated by the central government, ministries and commissions, as well as local governments at all levels. The incentive sys-tem for low-carbon development has been initially established in a range of fields such as law, administration, economy, publicity and education. A host of exploratory incentive mechanisms will soon be put in place from pilot projects. For example, since the end of 2011, China has successively launched pilot projects for carbon emission trading in seven provinces (cit-ies) including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hubei, Guangdong, Shenzhen and Chongqing. China has gained a lot of experience and will soon launch a nationwide unified carbon emission trading market in 2017. China’s 2050 strategy for low-carbon development will soon be announced2 (the gradually improved low-carbon development system and mechanism will effectively guarantee regional coordination in low-carbon development).

(VI) Low-carbon Development Has Become the World’s Historical Trend and Regional Coordination in Low-carbon Development is Consistent with This TrendNo matter from the perspective of global environmental protection or long-term sustained economic growth, low-carbon development repre-sents the general trend of human development. Instead of resisting pas-sively, it is better to proactively adapt to this development trend and take advantage of the situation. Therefore, many countries, especially developed countries, have already started to march towards the field of low-carbon development, keep increasing investment in R&D of low-carbon technolo-gies, actively explore effective measures for low-carbon development, and

2 Xinhuanet, http://jjckb.xinhuanet.com

332 CONCLUSIONS

strive to transform the sectoral composition of the economy into the low-carbon one, hoping to win a place in the future low-carbon development and gain more space and opportunities for their sustainable development. With China’s increasingly close ties with the world, the world trend of low-carbon development is bound to impact the development of regions in China in terms of concepts, technologies, standards, products, and indus-trial chains to facilitate China’s regional coordination in low-carbon devel-opment. The plans for climate change formulated by regions in China are a positive response to this historical trend.

II. regIonal coordInaTIon In low-carbon developmenT Is sTIll conFronTed

wITh daunTIng challenges

Although China’s regional coordination in low-carbon development full of opportunities conforms to the current world trend and historical devel-opment trend, the difficulties and challenges it faces are still arduous.

(I) Low-carbon Technology Bottlenecks Still Need to be Further Broken ThroughLow-carbon technology holds the key to promoting regional coordina-tion in low-carbon development, but the overall level of low-carbon tech-nologies in China still lags behind the international advanced level. Some core technologies have not made substantial progress. For example, China’s renewable energy industries such as wind power and solar photo-voltaic power generation are large in scale but lack core technical support. Moreover, when these industries lack core technologies or their core tech-nologies are not yet mature, they participate in relevant international industrial chains too early, resulting in the extraordinary development of industrial scale, but inhibiting the enthusiasm of technological R&D. There exists the risk of being locked in the low end of the industrial chain. For example, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is still in the R&D and dem-onstration stage. Also, China’s low-carbon technology has a weak sup-porting technology and equipment foundation, seriously restricting the independent innovation and systematic development of low-carbon tech-nology. Developed countries still block China and other developing coun-tries from introducing some core low-carbon technologies, making assistance of low-carbon technologies the focus of all previous global cli-mate change negotiations. In addition, the high cost of low-carbon tech-nology is difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale promotion.

333 CONCLUSIONS

Moreover, the large-scale application of many low-carbon technologies (such as solar energy, nuclear energy and biomass energy) may even cause serious ecological damage.

(II) Regional Coordination in Low-carbon Development Is Restricted by the Stage of Regional DevelopmentThe analysis of this book indicates that the better the economic develop-ment, the higher the low-carbon development level. However, with the exception of a few areas in China that have basically completed the construc-tion of industrialization and a high level of urbanization, many less devel-oped regions are still in the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization. In the less developed regions, high-carbon industries are still their pillar industries, making up a large proportion in the regional economy. They are difficult to be replaced by other industries, especially low-carbon industries, in a large scale in the short term. The infrastructure of less developed regions in the stage of rapid urbanization also needs large-scale investment and con-struction, resulting in the high demand for high-carbon products such as metal products and cement. The development of less developed regions is featured by the demand model. In other words, the capital formation in their final demand grows faster with a prominent share, while the consump-tion share is very small. The above demand model has less effect on value-added labor, but greater effect on carbon emissions. Because the per capita energy consumption of urban residents is much higher than that of rural residents, the large-scale conversion of rural residents to urban ones in less developed regions will greatly increase the energy consumption of residents. Therefore, the development of less developed regions still needs the strong support of resources and environment. These areas are facing double pres-sures of accelerating development as well as transition and upgrading. Their low-carbon development still has a long way to go.

(III) Regional Economic Integration Is Still in Its Primary StageOverall, the regional distribution of China’s productive forces is not rea-sonable, and regional economic integration is still in the primary stage. Driven by local interests, the low-level fierce competition among regions hinders the formation of a fair and orderly domestic unified market. For one thing, the convergence of sectoral composition of the economy, the low-level repeated construction and disordered development are quite prominent, which makes the interregional industrial linkage weak and the degree of industrial integration low. For another, local protectionism is also common. For example, some regions have taken measures to restrict

334 CONCLUSIONS

similar products from other regions to be sold locally or interfere with market behaviors such as mergers and acquisitions and reorganization of enterprises. The book’s findings corresponding to the above-mentioned reality are that the spillover multiplier of interregional economy is gener-ally much smaller than the intraregional multiplier, with the improvement over time being not obvious. The spillover multipliers of economy in many regions even has a downward trend. Also, the interregional trade is mainly based on material products, especially means of production, while services and means of livelihood account for a low proportion of interregional trade. In terms of spillover effects of sectors, the sectors with larger inter-regional spillover effects are mainly the intermediate product supply ones on the supply side and the capital product supply ones on the demand side.

(IV) Interregional Trade Model Is Generally Not Conducive to Low-carbon DevelopmentAs mentioned earlier, the gap between China’s regional economic and social development is still very large. The basic factors of production such as capital and labor force are generally characterized by the one-way flow from regions with low economic and social development level to those with high level. For one thing, the attraction of less developed regions to capital, talents, especially high- quality capital and high-level technical per-sonnel is far lower than that of developed regions. The brain drain in many less developed regions is serious. For another, some less developed regions are eager to develop their economy, increase employment, and lower their standards in attracting foreign investment, leading to the severe transfer of high energy consumption and high pollution industries from developed regions to less developed ones. Reflected in the research results of this book, the contribution of interregional spillover effect to regional econ-omy is generally smaller than its contribution to regional carbon emissions. The interregional carbon emissions transfer from economically and socially developed regions to less developed ones. The interregional trade model is generally not beneficial to the carbon emission reduction of the country. Therefore, it is not conducive to the low-carbon development across China.

(V) Regional Coordination in Low-carbon Development Still Has Obvious Institutional Weaknesses

1. China’s low-carbon development is still mainly promoted by adminis-trative means. The role of other policy means, especially economic means, is relatively limited.

335 CONCLUSIONS

Some important economic policies such as carbon tax are still under studies. Some new economic means such as energy quota trading are still in the pilot stage. There are also some important economic measures (such as trading of carbon emission quotas) that have been approved through the pilot program and will soon be implemented nationwide. But it will probably take some time for their operation to be normalized. The legal means for low-carbon development also needs to be improved. For exam-ple, there are still no legal provisions for low-carbon consumption. Also, although some laws and regulations concerning low-carbon development have been promulgated, they are difficult to be enforced. Even the imple-mentation of administrative measures is often seriously disturbed because the performance evaluation of officials in many regions is still dominated by GDP and the low-carbon development goal is a “soft target.”

2. The coordination mechanism of regional economic and environmental benefits is still far from perfect.

The basic interest relations between regions have not been identified, hindering the coordination in low-carbon development among regions. For one thing, the coordination of economic interests among regions still lacks a scientific and standardized system. Currently, the fiscal and taxation system based on the tax distribution system has enhanced the enthusiasm of generating more government revenue in regions and solved the incen-tive problem of local economic development. However, it has also brought interregional conflicts of interests to a certain extent, making it difficult to establish an effective industrial division and cooperation mechanism between regions. As most regions are still in the stage of economic catch-up, they are eager to improve the local financial situation. In order to increase fiscal revenue, it is possible to interfere with enterprise decision-making through administrative means. Also, it is possible to decide whether to cooperate with other regions based on interests. For another, the coordination mechanism of interregional eco-environmental interests is still in its infancy. The interregional eco-compensation mechanism, the allocation system of pollution emission quotas, the environmental respon-sibility sharing system, and the eco-environmental collaborative gover-nance mechanism are still under exploration and research.

336 CONCLUSIONS

III. paThway and polIcy For regIonal coordInaTIon In low-carbon developmenT

(I) Promoting Regional Market Integration and Improving Inter-regional Economic Spillover Effects

The improvement of interregional economic spillover effects has boosted the regional coordination in low-carbon development, while such improve-ment cannot be done without the further deepening of regional market integration. Regional cooperation for strengthening infrastructure construc-tion, especially the improvement of transportation, logistics and communi-cation conditions, will lay a solid material foundation for deepening regional market integration. The country and local governments at all levels should raise funds, including introducing private investments to ensure investment in infrastructure. In particular, exchanges, communication and cooperation between regions should be strengthened to improve the efficiency of invest-ment in infrastructure construction and optimize the infrastructure layout.

When the material foundation is built up, it is also necessary to create good institutional conditions for the deepening of regional market inte-gration, or to actively improve the interregional interest coordination mechanism. Material foundation and favorable institutional conditions can interact and reinforce each other. First, we should further strengthen the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources through reform so that enterprises can become the leading force in the regional market integration. The government should play a leading role in the development of infrastructure and public services. Meanwhile, it should abolish all kinds of rules and regulations that hinder the unification of the market and fair competition and reduce unnecessary interference in mar-ket entities. Secondly, consideration can be given to the establishment of a benefit coordination mechanism based on the industrial chain, such as joint construction, operation of joint stock system, and financial transfer payment system, so that the basic raw material supply areas in the indus-trial chain can share the high value-added obtained by the areas where high-end products in the industrial chain are produced, or receive reason-able benefit compensation. It is also possible to consider coordinating interregional interests through legal non-governmental organizations (such as industry associations). Thirdly, by improving the legal system, we will provide the legal guarantee for the regional interest coordination mechanism and improve its binding force and execution. Finally, the cen-tral government should encourage interregional cooperation projects that

337 CONCLUSIONS

are conducive to giving full play to the comparative advantages of regions, such as tax relief.

(II) Following Functional Orientation of Regional Main Body and Optimizing and Upgrading the Sectoral Composition of EconomyThere are significant differences in the eco-environmental carrying capac-ity, resources endowment and economic and social development among regions. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the State Council divided the national land into four main functional zones featuring optimized development, key development, restricted development and forbidden development, according to the differences of regions. According to its own functional definition, each region should map out its development direc-tion and integrate itself into the overall landscape of national and regional development. Meanwhile, the central government should, based on the main functions of each region, further formulate and implement differenti-ated performance evaluation indicators and supporting policies and mea-sures in all regions, guide each region to develop orderly and low-carbon development according to its functional orientation, avoid the interre-gional blind investment and development, low-level repeated construction and the vicious competition that may arise therefrom under a single GDP evaluation indicator, and promote functional complementarity and collab-oration among regions. Furthermore, there is no unified optimization standard for the sectoral composition of the regional economy due to the different functional orientations of all regions but the optimization direc-tion of the sectoral composition of the economy suitable for the functional orientation of each region. All regions should actively cooperate with each other, seek effective interregional allocation of resources and rational distri-bution of industries, realize the coordinated optimization and upgrading of the sectoral composition of the economy, and promote coordinated low-carbon development of regions. Less developed regions must fully consider their own functional orientation and low-carbon development require-ments when undertaking relevant industrial transfer in developed regions. Also, the aid from developed regions to less developed ones in terms of capital, technology and talents should be further guided and encouraged.

(III) Optimizing Demand Structure Based on Supply-side Structural ReformThe research in this book suggests that, of all kinds of final demand, con-sumption has the largest pull multiplier of economy (value-added) and the

338 CONCLUSIONS

smallest pull multiplier of carbon emissions. However, from the perspec-tive of demand, weak consumption is a major difficulty to be overcome in the regional coordination in low-carbon development. One of key prob-lems is that the structure and quality of products supplied by supply-side production enterprises do not match the people’s consumption ability and level. In the final analysis, it is the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for better life and the unbalanced and insufficient develop-ment. The structural problem of the supply side is the main aspect of this contradiction. As the economy enters the new normal, some industries providing high-carbon products (such as heavy chemical industry) have excess capacity, while those providing high-end, high-quality consumer products and services are developing slowly.

Therefore, vigorously promoting the supply-side structural reform, resolving the problem of overcapacity, and improving the supply capacity of high-end, high-quality and low-carbon products and services are major strategic measures to boost consumption growth, optimize the demand structure, and promote regional coordination in low-carbon develop-ment. Also, it should also be noted that the income growth of China’s residents has lagged behind the economic growth for a long time and a series of social security systems are still not perfect, which has seriously inhibited residents’ enthusiasm for consumption. This requires the improvement of the income distribution system, the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and the targeted poverty alleviation policies and mea-sures to improve the income and the ability to pay of the middle- and low-income groups. Meanwhile, it also requires the establishment of a sound social security system to enhance the marginal consumption ten-dency of residents.

While proactively bolstering the growth of consumption, we should improve the efficiency of investment through investment system reform and other measures to avoid blind expansion of investment. The govern-ment is mainly responsible for investment in the public service areas and national strategic industries such as livelihood projects, environmental protection, and transportation infrastructure, while investment in other areas should give full play to the resource allocation function of the mar-ket. We should also optimize China’s export structure and promote the export growth of low-carbon products and services through the supply-side structural reform and by relying on the Belt and Road Initiative and setting up free trade zones, so as to enhance the economic influence of export and reduce the carbon emission influence of export.

339 CONCLUSIONS

(IV) Regional Coordination in Technological Innovation to Break through the Bottleneck of Low-carbon TechnologyThe research in this book suggests that the rapid decline in direct carbon emission intensity of regions and sectors brought about by the develop-ment of low-carbon technology has made great contributions to China’s regional coordination in low-carbon development. In the future, the fur-ther deepening of China’s regional coordination in low-carbon develop-ment cannot be separated from the support of low-carbon technologies. As long as the bottleneck of the technologies is broken through, the pro-ductive forces of China under the low-carbon constraints can be effectively improved and the regional coordination in low-carbon development will be greatly promoted. The interregional coordination in technological innovation is an important way to break through the bottleneck of low-carbon technology. First, the regional coordination in technological inno-vation is beneficial to the spread of advanced low-carbon technologies among regions. Second, the regional coordination in technological inno-vation is conducive to improving the supporting technology and equip-ment foundation of low-carbon technologies, thus contributing to breakthroughs in the R&D of core low-carbon technologies and the sys-tematic development of low-carbon technologies. Third, the regional coordination in technological innovation is helpful to optimize the regional layout of low-carbon industries, reduce or avoid vicious competition within China’s low-carbon industries, ensure effective resources guarantee for the R&D of low-carbon technologies, and gradually enhance the position of China’s low-carbon industries in the global low-carbon industry chain.

(V) Creating New System for Regional Coordination in Low-carbon DevelopmentLow-carbon technological innovations are required to provide material basis for low-carbon development, while the corresponding new low-car-bon system is required to create a sound institutional environment for low-carbon development. Low-carbon development is preceded by a major change in the path of economic growth, an important shift from the original path, highly dependent on energy consumption and carbon emis-sions, to the low-carbon path impacting the economic interests of entities following the original path. Without the corresponding institutional guar-antee of low-carbon development, it is usually difficult for all kinds of subjects under the original path to consciously change their behavior modes to follow the low-carbon development path. Therefore, it is

340 CONCLUSIONS

necessary to create a new low-carbon development system, internalize the external cost of carbon emissions, fundamentally change the decision-making constraints of economic entities, and gradually enable low-carbon development to become the inevitable choice to maximize their benefits.Although great progress has been made in China’s low-carbon develop-ment system, it still cannot meet the requirements of China’s low-carbon development and needs further improvement. For one thing, it is neces-sary to establish and supplement low-carbon development policies and measures with regional differences as soon as possible. For example, legis-lation should be passed to strictly prohibit the development of high-car-bon industries in restricted and forbidden development zones, perfect the performance evaluation system of regional low-carbon development, and establish a regional accounting system for the responsibility for carbon emissions under the principle of shared responsibility. When a unified national carbon emission market is about to be launched, consideration can be given to introducing a regionally differentiated carbon tax system to further expand the pilot trading of energy quotas. According to the regional economic and social development, the climate change fund sys-tem needs to be established and improved. The government’s low-carbon procurement system, the insurance system for low-carbon industry devel-opment, and the low-carbon finance system should be improved. For another, it is necessary to enhance the synergy between policies and mea-sures, avoid inconsistencies between policies and measures, and optimize the policy system for low-carbon development.

341© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021Y. Zhang, Spillover and Feedback Effects in Low Carbon Development, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4971-4

appendIx a: share oF naTIonal value-added and gdp by regIon and by IndusTry

appendIxes

342 APPENDIXES

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343 APPENDIXES

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4.1

3.7

2.7

5.4

4.3

3.8

4.1

3.8

Gui

zhou

2.7

1.2

1.8

1.3

2.8

1.0

2.3

1.2

0.7

1.4

1.4

Yunn

an3.

41.

43.

41.

70.

91.

92.

81.

90.

92.

01.

8T

ibet

0.2

0.0

0.7

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

Shaa

nxi

2.6

2.7

3.8

2.8

2.1

2.2

2.7

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Gan

su1.

60.

61.

60.

80.

80.

71.

20.

90.

71.

21.

0Q

ingh

ai0.

30.

30.

70.

40.

30.

20.

30.

40.

20.

30.

3N

ingx

ia0.

40.

40.

90.

40.

60.

20.

30.

50.

30.

40.

4X

injia

ng2.

61.

02.

01.

11.

60.

81.

01.

10.

91.

51.

2

344 APPENDIXES

Tab

le A

.2

Com

posi

tion

of G

DP

by r

egio

n in

201

5(%

)

Reg

ion

Prim

ary

indu

stry

Seco

ndar

y in

dust

ryTe

rtia

ry in

dust

ry

Man

ufac

turi

ngC

onst

ruct

ion

indu

stry

Tota

lTr

ansp

orta

tion

an

d w

areh

ousin

g in

dust

ries

and

po

stal

serv

ices

Who

lesa

le

and

reta

ilH

otel

and

ca

teri

ngFi

nanc

ial

indu

stry

Rea

l es

tate

Oth

ers

Tota

l

Bei

jing

0.6

16.1

4.2

20.3

4.3

10.2

1.7

17.1

6.3

39.5

79.1

Tia

njin

1.3

42.2

4.5

46.7

4.4

12.5

1.5

9.7

3.7

20.2

52.0

Heb

ei11

.642

.66.

048

.68.

08.

01.

45.

04.

413

.139

.8Sh

anxi

6.2

34.3

6.7

40.9

7.0

8.5

2.8

9.0

5.0

20.7

52.9

Inne

r M

ongo

lia9.

143

.57.

150

.66.

19.

73.

54.

72.

513

.940

.4L

iaon

ing

8.4

39.5

6.6

46.1

6.0

10.4

2.2

6.5

4.1

16.4

45.6

Jilin

11.4

43.6

6.6

50.2

3.8

8.0

2.3

4.0

3.1

17.1

38.4

Hei

long

jiang

17.5

27.0

5.7

32.6

4.7

11.2

3.2

5.6

4.0

21.1

49.8

Shan

ghai

0.4

28.5

3.4

31.9

4.5

15.2

1.5

16.6

6.8

23.1

67.6

Jian

gsu

5.7

40.1

5.8

45.9

3.9

10.0

1.7

7.6

5.4

19.9

48.4

Zhe

jiang

4.3

40.2

6.0

46.1

3.8

12.2

2.3

6.8

5.5

18.9

49.6

Anh

ui11

.242

.37.

850

.03.

67.

51.

95.

74.

016

.138

.8Fu

jian

8.2

41.8

8.8

50.5

6.0

7.9

1.5

6.5

4.2

15.2

41.3

Jian

gxi

10.6

41.5

9.0

50.5

4.4

7.1

2.3

5.4

3.3

16.3

38.9

Shan

dong

7.9

41.3

5.8

47.1

4.0

13.4

2.1

4.8

4.1

16.6

45.0

Hen

an11

.442

.95.

848

.84.

97.

12.

85.

44.

515

.139

.8H

ubei

11.2

39.2

6.9

46.1

4.2

7.9

2.4

6.3

3.9

18.0

42.7

Hun

an11

.638

.06.

544

.64.

58.

12.

13.

82.

622

.743

.9G

uang

dong

4.6

41.6

3.4

45.0

4.0

10.5

2.0

7.9

7.0

19.0

50.4

Gua

ngxi

15.3

38.0

8.1

46.1

4.8

6.8

2.2

6.1

3.9

14.7

38.6

Hai

nan

23.2

13.2

10.6

23.8

5.1

12.0

4.7

6.6

8.2

16.3

52.9

345 APPENDIXES

Cho

ngqi

ng7.

335

.49.

645

.04.

88.

62.

39.

05.

417

.647

.6Si

chua

n12

.336

.87.

744

.64.

16.

22.

97.

34.

218

.543

.2G

uizh

ou15

.731

.88.

039

.88.

86.

43.

55.

82.

217

.744

.5Yu

nnan

15.1

28.3

11.6

39.9

2.2

9.8

3.2

7.2

2.1

20.3

44.9

Tib

et9.

66.

829

.936

.73.

16.

63.

16.

62.

931

.353

.7Sh

aanx

i8.

940

.99.

950

.84.

08.

42.

46.

03.

915

.640

.2G

ansu

14.1

26.3

10.8

37.2

4.1

7.5

2.9

6.6

3.6

24.0

48.7

Qin

ghai

8.7

37.0

13.0

50.0

3.8

6.4

1.8

9.2

2.2

18.0

41.3

Nin

gxia

8.2

33.8

13.8

47.6

6.9

4.7

1.8

8.8

3.3

18.6

44.2

Xin

jiang

16.8

29.5

10.3

39.8

5.8

5.6

1.7

6.1

3.1

21.1

43.4

346 APPENDIXES

appendIx b: demand-sIde spIllover-Feedback eFFecTs

X

X

X

A A A

A A A

A A A

X

X

a

b

c

aa ab ac

ba bb bc

ca cb cc

a

b

=

XX

Y

Y

Yc

a

b

c

+

I A X A X A X Yaa a ab b ac c a−( ) − − =

(B.1)

− + −( ) − =A X I A X A X Yba a bb b bc c b

(B.2)

− − + −( ) =A X A X I A X Yca a cb b cc c c

(B3)

If all the matrices involved are reversible, Eqs. (B.1) to (B3) can be reduced to:

A I A X X A A X A Yab aa a b ab ac c ab a( ) −( ) − − ( ) = ( )− − −1 1 1

(B.4)

− −( ) + − −( ) = −( )− − −

I A A X X I A A X I A Ybb ba a b bb bc c bb b1 1 1

(B.5)

−( ) − + ( ) −( ) = ( )− − −

A A X X A I A X A Ycb ca a b cb cc c cb c1 1 1

(B.6)

Let Dab = (I − Abb)−1Aab,  Maa = (I − Aaa)−1

It is easy to know:

A A A I A I A A D Dab ac ab aa aa ac ab( ) = ( ) −( )

−( )

= ( )− − − −1 1 1 1 aac

ab ab aa aa ab aaA A I A I A D M( ) = ( ) −( )

−( ) = ( )− − − −1 1 1 1

Similarly, (Acb)−1Aca = (Dcb)−1Dca and (Acb)−1 = (Dcb)−1Mcc.Then the Eqs. (B.4) to (B.6) can be rewritten into the Eqs. (B.7)

to (B.9):

D X X D D X D M Yab a b ab ac c ab aa a( ) − − ( ) = ( )− − −1 1 1

(B.7)

− + − =D X X D X M Yba a b bc c bb b (B.8)

347 APPENDIXES

−( ) − + ( ) = ( )− − −

D D X X D X D M Ycb ca a b cb c cb cc c1 1 1

(B.9)

(B.7) + (B.8):

D D X D D D X D M Y Mba ba a bc ab ac c ab aa a b( ) −

− + ( )

= ( ) +− − −1 1 1 bb bY

(B.10)

(B.9) + (B.8):

− + ( )

+ ( )

= + ( )− − −D D D X D D X M Y D Mba cb ca a cb bc c bb b cb c1 1 1 cc cY

(B.11)

Equations (B.10) and (B.11) can be further reorganized into:

D D D D D X X

D D D

bc ab ac ab ba a c

bc ab a

+ ( )

( ) −

−

= + ( )

− − −

−

1 1 1

1 cc ab aa a bb bD M Y M Y

( ) − +

− −1 1

(B.12)

− ( ) −

+ ( )

+

= ( ) −

− − −

−

D D D D D X X

D D

cb bc ba cb ca a c

cb bc

1 1 1

1

+ ( )

− −1 1M Y D M Ybb b cb cc c

(B.13)

Also:

D D D D D D D

D D

bc ab ac ab bc ac ab

ab ba

+ ( )

= +( )

( ) −

=

− − −

−

1 1 1

1DD I D D

D D I D D D

D D

ab ab ba

cb bc bc cb cb

ba

( ) −( )

( ) −

= −( )+

−

− − −

1

1 1 1

ccb ca cb cb ba caD D D D D( )

= ( ) +( )− −1 1

348 APPENDIXES

(B.12) + (B.13):

D D D D D I D D I D D D D Dab bc ac ab ab ab ba bc cb cb cb+( ) ( ) −( ) − −( ) ( )− − − −1 1 1 1 ccb ba ca a

ab bc ac ab ab aa a bb b

D D X

D D D D D M Y M Y

+( )

= + +( ) ( ) +− −1 1

+ −( ) + ( )

− −I D D D M Y D M Ybc cb cb bb b cb cc c1 1

Reorganized into:

D D D I D D I D D D D D X

D

ab bc ac ab ba bc cb cb ba ca a

ab

+( ) −( ) − −( ) + )=

− −1 1]

DD D M Y D D D D I D D D

M Y

bc ac aa a ab bc ac ab bc cb cb

bb b

+( ) + +( ) + −( )+

− − −1 1 1[

II D D M Ybc cb cc c−( )−1

Factor (DabDbc + Dac)−1 is extracted to be organized:

D D D I D D D D D I D D D D Dab bc ac ab ba ab bc ac bc cb cb ba ca+ −( ) − +( ) −( ) +− −1 1

)= +( ) + +( )

+ +( )

− −

]X

D D D M Y D D D

D D D D

a

ab bc ac aa a ab bc ac

ab ab bc ac

1 1

II D D M Y I D D M Ybc cb bb b bc cb cc c−( )

+ −( )− −1 1

Both sides of the equation are left multiplied by (DabDbc + Dac) to obtain:

I D D D D D I D D D D D X

M

ab ba ab bc ac bc cb cb ba ca a

a

−( ) − +( ) −( ) +( )

=

−1

aa a ab ab bc ac bc cb cb bb b

ab bc ac

Y D D D D I D D D M Y

D D D

+ + +( ) −( )

+ +

−1

(( ) −( )−I D D M Ybc cb cc c1

It is easy to obtain:

X F M Y F U M Y F S M Ya aa aa a aa ba bb b aa ca cc c= + + , (B.14)

349 APPENDIXES

where

F I D D S D D D

S D D D I D D

aa ab ba ca cb ba ca

ca ab bc ac bc cb

= − − +( )

= +( ) −

−1

(( )= + +

−1

U D S Dba ab ca cb

Similarly, we have

X F M Y F U M Y F S M Yb bb bb b bb cb cc c bb ab aa a= + + (B.15)

X F M Y F U M Y F S M Yc cc cc c cc ac aa a cc bc bb b= + + (B.16)

The expressions of Mbb and Mcc are similar to that of Maa. The expres-sions of Fbb and Fcc are similar to that of Faa. The expressions of Sab and Sbc are similar to that of Sca. The expressions of Ucb and Uac are similar to that of Uba.

Equations (B14) to (B.16) can be expressed as follows:

X

X

X

F

F

F

I U S

S I U

U S I

a

b

c

aa

bb

cc

ba ca

ab cb

ac bc

=

+

M

M

M

Y

Y

Y

aa

bb

cc

a

b

c

(B.17)

Dietzenbacher (2002) took two regions as examples to give specific expressions of intraregional multiplier effect, interregional spillover effect and interregional feedback effect which have clear economic meanings and can be extended to the scenarios of three regions. From Eq. (B.17), the interregional Leontief inverse matrix can be expressed as:

L

L L L

L L L

L L L

F

F

F

aa ab ac

ba bb bc

ca cb cc

aa

bb

cc

=

=

=

′

′

I U S

S I U

U S I

M

M

M

F

ba ca

ab cb

ac bc

aa

bb

cc

aaMM F U M F S M

F S M F M F U M

F U M F

aa aa ab bb aa ca cc

bb ab aa bb bb bb cb cc

cc ac aa ccSS M F Mbc bb cc cc

350 APPENDIXES

Let ηa = ηb = ηc = (1, …, 1)T. Take region a as an example, and the total output effect of its final demand is as follows:

η η η

η

a T b T c T aa T ba T ca T

a T aa

L L L

F

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

= ( )

, , , ,

MM F S M F U M

M S M

aa a T bb ab aa c T cc ac aa

a T

aab T ab aa c

+ ( ) + ( )= ( ) + ( ) +

η η

η η η(( ) +

( ) −( ) + ( ) −( ) + ( ) −( )

T ac aa

a T aa aa b T bb ab aa c T cc

U M

F I M F I S M F Iη η η UU Mac aa

Specifically, (ηa)TMaa represents the output multiplier in the demand-side region, (ηb)TSabMaa represents the demand-side output spillover effect of region a on region b, (ηc)TUacMaa represents the demand-side spillover effect of region a on region c, and the demand-side output feedback effect of region a on itself by affecting regions b and c is (ηa)T(Faa − I)Maa + (ηb)T(Fbb − I) SabMaa + (ηc)T(Fcc − I) UacMaa. Similarly, effects in other regions can be obtained. Further, if η is defined as a vector of value-added rate or labor remuneration rate (the ratio of value-added or labor remuneration to the total output), then all kinds of multipliers of corresponding value-added or labor remuneration can be obtained.

appendIx c: supply-sIde spIllover-Feedback eFFecTs

Similar to the derivation process of the expression of demand-side spill-over-feedback effect, we can deduce that of supply-side spillover-feedback effect as follows:

X

X

X

X

X

X

A A A

A A A

a

b

c

T a

b

c

T aa ab ac

ba bb b

=

′ ′ ′′ ′ ′ cc

ca cb cc

a

b

c

T

A A A

V

V

V′ ′ ′

+

X I A X A X A V

T aa b T ba c T ca Ta a( ) −( ) − ( ) − ( ) = ( )′ ′ ′

(C.1)

−( ) + ( ) −( ) − ( ) = ( )′ ′ ′X A X I A X A V

T ab b T bb c T cb b Ta

(C.2)

351 APPENDIXES

−( ) + ( ) + ( ) −( ) = ( )′ ′ ′X A X A X I A V

T ac b T bc c T cc c Ta

(C.3)

If all the matrices involved are reversible, Eqs. (C.1) to (C.3) can be reduced to:

X I A A X X A A V Aaa ba b c ca ba baa T T T a T( ) −( )( ) − ( ) − ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′− − −1 1 11

(C.4)

−( ) −( ) + ( ) − ( ) −( ) = ( ) −′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −

X A I A X X A I A V I Aab bb b c cb bb b bba T T T T1 1 (( )−1

(C.5)

−( ) ( ) − ( ) + ( ) −( )( ) = ( ) ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −

X A A X X I A A V Aac bc b c cc bc c bca T T T T1 1 −−1

(C.6)

Let D′ab = A′ab(I − A′bb)−1,  M′aa = (I − A′aa)−1

It is easy to know:

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′( ) = −( )

−( ) ( )

=

− − −A A A I A I A A Dca ba ca bb bb ba1 1 1 cca ba

ba bb bb ba a

D

A I A I A A M

′

′ ′ ′ ′ ′

( )

( ) = −( ) −( ) ( )

=

−

− − − −

1

1 1 1 1 aa baD′( )−1

Then the Eqs. (C.4), (C.5) and (C.6) can be rewritten into the Eqs. (C.7), (C.8) and (C.9):

X D X X D D V M Dba b c ca ba baa T T T a T aa( ) ( ) − ( ) − ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′

− − −1 1 1

(C.7)

−( ) + ( ) − ( ) = ( )′ ′ ′X D X X D V Mab b c cb b bba T T T T

(C.8)

−( ) ( ) − ( ) − ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′

− −X D D X X D V M Dac bc b c bc c cc baa T T T T

,1 1

(C.9)

where the expressions of Mbb′ and Mcc

′ are similar to Maa′ .

(C.7) + (C.8):

X D D X D D D

V

a ba ab c cb ca ba

a

( ) ( ) −

− ( ) + ( )

= ( )

′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −T T1 1

TT aa ba b bbM D V M′ ′ ′( ) + ( )−1 T

(C.10)

(C.9) + (C.8):

352 APPENDIXES

−( ) + ( )

+ ( ) ( ) − ( )

=

′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −

X D D D X D D

V

a ab ac bc c bc cbT T1 1

bb bb c cc bcM V M D( ) + ( ) ( )′ ′ ′−T T 1

(C.11)

Equations (C.10) and (C.11) can be further reorganized into:

−( ) ( ) −

+ ( )

− ( )=

′ ′ ′ ′ ′− − −

X D D D D D X

V

a ba ab cb ca ba cT T1 1 1

aa aa ba b bb cb ca baM D V M D D D( ) ( ) + ( )

+ ( )

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −T T1 1

(C.12)

−( ) + ( )

( ) −

+ ( )=

′ ′ ′ ′ ′− − −

X D D D D D X

V

a ab ac bc bc cb cT T1 1 1

bb bb c cc bc bc cbM V M D D D( ) + ( ) ( )

( ) −

′ ′ ′ ′ ′− −T T 1 1

(C.13)

Also:

′ ′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′

( ) − = −( ) ( )+ ( )

− −

− −

D D I D D D

D D D

ba ab ab ba ba

cb ca ba

1 1

1 11 1

1

= +( )+ ( ) = +( )

′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

−

−

D D D D

D D D D D D

ba cb ba ca

ab ac bc ab bc ac DD

D D D I D D

bc

bc bc bc cb bc

( )

( ) −

= −( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′

−

− −

1

1 1

(C.12) + (C.13):

XI D D D D D D D

D D D

a Tab ba ba ba cb ba ca

ab bc( )

−( ) ( ) +( )− +

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′

− −1 1

aac bc bc cb bc

a T aa ba

D D I D D

V M D

( ) ( ) −( )

= ( ) ( )

′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′

− −

−

1 1

11 1+ ( )

+( )+ ( ) + ( )

′ ′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′

−V M D D D D

V M V M

b bb ba cb ba ca

b T bb c T c

T

cc bc bc cb bcD D I D D′ ′ ′ ′( )

−( )− −1 1

353 APPENDIXES

Reorganized into:

X I D D D D D D D D I D Da ab ba cb ba ca ab bc ac cb( ) −( ) +( ) − +( ) −′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′−

[1 bbc

a T aa cb ba ca

b T bb ba cb ba

V M D D D

V M D D D

( )= ( ) +( )+( ) +

′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′ ′ ′

−

−

1

1

DD D I D D

V M I D D

ca bc cb bc

c T cc cb bc

( ) + −( )

+( ) −( )

′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′

− −

−

1 1

1

Factor (D′cbD′ba + D′ca)−1 is extracted to be organized into:

X I D D D D D I D D D D Da T ab ba ab bc ac cb bc cb ba( ) −( ) − +( ) −( ) +′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′−1 cca

cb ba ca

a T aa cb ba ca

D D D

V M D D D V

( )

+( )= ( ) + ) +

′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′ ′

−

−

1

1 bb T bb

ba bc cb bc cb ba ca cb

M

D D I D D D D D D

( )+ −( ) +( )

′

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′−1

DD D

V M I D D

ba ca

c T cc cb bc

+( )+ ( ) −( )

′

′ ′ ′

−

−

1

1

Both sides of the equation are right multiplied by (D′cbD′ba  +  D′ca) to obtain:

It is easy to obtain:

X V M F V M U F V M S FT aa b bb ba aa c cc ca aaa a T aa T T

,( ) = ( ) + ( ) + ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

(C.14)

where

X I D D D D D I D D D D Da ab ba ab bc ac cb bc cb ba( ) −( ) − +( ) −( ) +′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′−T 1 cca

a aa b bb ba bc cb bc cbV M V M D D I D D D

( )

= ( ) + ( ) + −( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′−T T 1

′′ ′

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

+( )

+( ) −( ) +( )−

D D

V M I D D D D D

ba ca

c cc cb bc cb ba cbT 1

354 APPENDIXES

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′

= − − +( )

= −( )

−F I D D D D D

S I D D

aa ab ba ac ab bc ca

ca cb bc

S1

−−′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′

+( )= +

1D D D

U D D S

ca cb ba

ba ab bc ca

Similarly, we have

X V M F V M U F V M S Fb b bb bb c cc cb bb a aa ab bb( ) = ( ) + ( ) + ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

T T T T

(C.15)

X V M F V M U F V M S Fc c cc cc a aaac

cc b bbbc

cc( ) = ( ) + ( ) + ( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′′ ′T T T T

(C.16)

The expressions of F′bb and F′cc are similar to F′aa. The expressions of S′ab and S′bc are similar to S′ca. The expressions of U′cb and U′ac are similar to U′ba.

Equations (C.14), (C.15) and (C.16) can be expressed as follows:

X

X

X

V

V

V

M

M

M

Ia

b

c

T a

b

c

T aa

bb

cc

=

′′

′

′′ ′′ ′′ ′

′′

′

S U

U I S

S U I

F

F

F

ab ac

bc bc

ab cb

aa

bb

cc

(C.17)

From Eq. (C.17), the interregional Ghosh inverse matrix can be expressed as:

G

G G G

G G G

G G G

M

M

M

aa ab ac

ba bb bc

ca cb cc

aa

bb

cc

=

=

′′

′

′ ′′ ′′ ′

′′

′

I S U

U I S

S U I

F

F

F

ab ac

bc bc

ab cb

aa

bb

cc

=

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′′ ′ ′ ′ ′M F M S F M S F

M U F M F

aa aa aa ab bb aa ab cc

bb bc aa bb bbb bb bc cc

cc ac aa cc cb bb cc cc

M S F

M S F M U F M F

′ ′ ′′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

Take region a as an example, and the total effect of its supply side is:

355 APPENDIXES

G G G

M F

aa ab ac a b c

aa a

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

= ′ ′

T T T T T T T

, , , ,η η η

aa a aa ab bb b aa ac cc c

aa a aa ab b aa

M S F M U F

M M S M

η η ηη η+ +

= + +

′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′′ ′ ′ ′ ′UU

M F I M S F I M U F I

ac c

aa aa a aa ab bb b aa ac cc

η

η η η

+

−( ) + −( ) + −( )′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ cc

,

where M ′aa ηa represents the output multiplier in the supply-side region, M ′aaS ′ab ηb represents the spillover effect of region a on the supply-side out-put of region b, M ′aa U ′ac ηc represents the spillover effect of region a on the supply-side output of region c, and the feedback effect of region a on the supply-side output by affecting regions b and c is expressed as M ′aa(F ′aa − I) ηa + M ′aaS ′ab    (F ′aa − I)ηb + M ′aaU ′ac (F ′cc − I)ηc. Similarly, effects in other regions can be obtained. Further, if η is defined as the vector of consump-tion rate, capital formation rate or export rate (the ratio of consumption, capital formation or export to total output), the corresponding supply-side consumption, capital formation and export multipliers can be obtained.

356 APPENDIXES

Tab

le D

.1

Dem

and-

side

eco

nom

ic s

pillo

ver-

feed

back

mul

tiplie

rs b

y se

ctor

in t

hree

maj

or r

egio

ns, 2

002

Cod

e of

Sec

tor

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Cen

tral

re

gion

s11.

680

0.08

20.

036

0.01

21.

634

0.02

70.

129

0.00

91.

568

0.07

70.

039

0.00

3s2

1.87

00.

080

0.02

70.

015

1.50

20.

032

0.19

70.

013

1.57

40.

154

0.07

00.

006

s31.

397

0.03

40.

014

0.00

61.

138

0.00

70.

031

0.00

21.

438

0.07

60.

039

0.00

3s4

2.14

90.

118

0.04

10.

020

1.88

80.

047

0.19

60.

014

1.60

10.

155

0.06

40.

006

s52.

196

0.10

40.

039

0.01

91.

956

0.05

30.

276

0.01

91.

789

0.18

10.

077

0.00

8s6

2.33

00.

170

0.07

60.

023

2.36

30.

070

0.24

50.

018

2.16

10.

184

0.09

10.

008

s72.

595

0.14

80.

058

0.02

32.

468

0.07

20.

387

0.02

72.

067

0.39

60.

147

0.01

6s8

2.64

10.

151

0.06

10.

025

2.33

80.

102

0.40

60.

029

2.13

10.

517

0.18

70.

020

s92.

432

0.16

20.

054

0.02

42.

583

0.07

80.

417

0.02

92.

290

0.33

20.

173

0.01

4s1

02.

539

0.15

20.

058

0.02

62.

362

0.06

90.

388

0.02

72.

180

0.36

50.

198

0.01

6s1

11.

904

0.13

10.

022

0.01

21.

912

0.05

60.

331

0.01

62.

244

0.12

00.

095

0.00

5s1

22.

377

0.11

60.

041

0.01

92.

108

0.05

60.

314

0.02

12.

377

0.26

70.

115

0.01

1s1

32.

487

0.16

00.

054

0.02

72.

231

0.06

00.

341

0.02

42.

160

0.25

90.

154

0.01

2s1

42.

217

0.11

60.

042

0.02

11.

972

0.05

80.

270

0.01

92.

165

0.24

90.

134

0.01

1s1

52.

387

0.13

10.

050

0.02

42.

033

0.07

70.

347

0.02

51.

934

0.25

90.

146

0.01

2s1

62.

667

0.14

30.

054

0.02

72.

344

0.09

90.

447

0.03

22.

279

0.36

40.

199

0.01

7s1

72.

839

0.16

70.

064

0.03

32.

640

0.09

70.

522

0.03

72.

492

0.30

20.

131

0.01

4s1

82.

610

0.12

70.

050

0.02

52.

498

0.10

10.

542

0.03

72.

295

0.38

40.

198

0.01

7

app

en

dIx

d: d

em

an

d-s

Ide a

nd

 su

ppl

y-sI

de e

co

no

mIc

spI

ll

ov

er-F

ee

db

ac

k m

ul

TIp

lIe

r

eFF

ec

T b

y se

cT

or In

 200

2 a

nd

 200

7

357 APPENDIXES

s19

2.55

90.

107

0.04

60.

022

2.29

80.

076

0.56

50.

036

2.33

90.

465

0.19

80.

021

s20

2.39

10.

110

0.04

40.

021

2.19

00.

070

0.42

70.

029

2.03

20.

290

0.11

30.

013

s21

2.30

60.

116

0.04

30.

019

2.11

70.

065

0.33

50.

023

2.09

50.

301

0.14

30.

013

s22

2.05

10.

140

0.03

80.

023

1.88

90.

053

0.19

40.

014

1.93

20.

162

0.06

70.

007

s23

2.10

10.

100

0.03

30.

016

1.96

50.

051

0.23

90.

015

1.93

80.

181

0.10

80.

008

s24

2.32

70.

120

0.04

50.

022

2.27

70.

071

0.43

30.

031

2.18

50.

272

0.18

40.

014

s25

2.45

30.

137

0.04

90.

025

2.32

00.

075

0.41

50.

028

2.39

40.

297

0.12

90.

012

s26

1.83

10.

076

0.02

60.

013

1.77

90.

037

0.22

50.

015

1.80

60.

170

0.06

90.

007

s27

1.96

50.

111

0.04

40.

016

2.16

70.

051

0.22

70.

016

1.98

30.

159

0.08

70.

007

s28

1.67

40.

060

0.02

10.

011

1.83

80.

041

0.26

10.

018

1.70

20.

156

0.05

70.

006

s29

3.50

70.

268

0.12

60.

057

3.70

20.

170

1.01

50.

075

3.15

40.

774

0.26

50.

037

s30

1.62

80.

054

0.02

20.

010

1.58

60.

030

0.18

30.

013

1.58

80.

165

0.06

20.

008

358 APPENDIXEST

able

D.2

Su

pply

-sid

e ec

onom

ic s

pillo

ver-

feed

back

mul

tiplie

rs b

y se

ctor

in t

hree

maj

or r

egio

ns, 2

002

Cod

e of

sect

orE

aste

rn r

egio

nC

entr

al r

egio

nW

este

rn r

egio

n

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

re

gion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Cen

tral

re

gion

s11.

844

0.04

30.

019

0.00

81.

887

0.04

50.

416

0.02

21.

614

0.22

60.

065

0.00

7s2

4.50

30.

252

0.08

00.

042

2.92

00.

090

1.04

40.

064

3.11

20.

373

0.22

30.

020

s33.

496

0.47

30.

091

0.08

12.

072

0.13

50.

805

0.06

43.

922

0.35

60.

327

0.02

5s4

3.65

90.

151

0.10

70.

028

3.34

30.

166

0.48

60.

035

3.36

60.

257

0.16

40.

013

s53.

028

0.16

30.

032

0.01

62.

503

0.07

20.

131

0.00

92.

912

0.09

70.

046

0.00

4s6

1.75

80.

050

0.02

10.

010

1.76

80.

027

0.14

60.

009

1.46

60.

061

0.02

40.

003

s72.

228

0.08

20.

036

0.01

31.

840

0.06

10.

195

0.01

11.

322

0.09

20.

071

0.00

5s8

1.53

00.

028

0.01

60.

005

1.70

10.

028

0.13

30.

008

1.81

40.

109

0.04

00.

005

s92.

253

0.08

70.

047

0.01

42.

063

0.04

30.

146

0.00

92.

143

0.12

20.

064

0.00

6s1

02.

624

0.11

80.

077

0.02

22.

681

0.07

10.

266

0.01

72.

528

0.21

30.

100

0.01

1s1

13.

265

0.21

10.

092

0.04

02.

952

0.10

40.

451

0.03

23.

502

0.33

00.

173

0.01

8s1

22.

840

0.13

40.

042

0.02

22.

547

0.05

30.

305

0.01

82.

629

0.19

40.

102

0.00

9s1

32.

168

0.15

00.

030

0.01

32.

106

0.13

00.

115

0.00

82.

095

0.05

70.

036

0.00

2s1

43.

312

0.20

80.

091

0.03

22.

439

0.16

00.

363

0.02

52.

463

0.25

80.

190

0.01

4s1

52.

426

0.10

50.

036

0.01

52.

261

0.03

80.

185

0.01

12.

765

0.18

40.

097

0.00

8s1

61.

800

0.04

00.

016

0.00

71.

908

0.02

70.

145

0.00

92.

017

0.07

90.

038

0.00

4s1

72.

074

0.10

10.

051

0.02

32.

016

0.06

20.

331

0.02

52.

234

0.18

40.

075

0.01

0s1

81.

754

0.04

60.

030

0.00

91.

742

0.04

20.

313

0.01

61.

943

0.21

00.

057

0.00

8s1

91.

865

0.04

40.

029

0.01

01.

717

0.03

40.

255

0.01

31.

819

0.18

40.

052

0.00

8s2

01.

870

0.06

90.

060

0.01

71.

786

0.05

20.

286

0.01

81.

731

0.21

70.

060

0.01

1s2

12.

491

0.23

30.

133

0.04

22.

182

0.23

10.

304

0.02

91.

929

0.19

30.

138

0.01

3s2

23.

139

0.13

40.

066

0.02

42.

812

0.10

00.

418

0.02

92.

876

0.34

70.

138

0.01

8s2

32.

697

0.08

60.

042

0.01

52.

234

0.04

70.

196

0.01

32.

658

0.15

50.

079

0.00

8

359 APPENDIXES

s24

1.09

40.

005

0.00

30.

001

1.10

70.

003

0.01

40.

001

1.08

50.

008

0.00

30.

000

s25

2.51

20.

230

0.13

90.

051

2.21

30.

140

0.45

50.

035

2.28

60.

404

0.17

90.

021

s26

2.19

50.

202

0.11

30.

041

1.92

00.

101

0.55

50.

034

1.60

60.

306

0.15

80.

015

s27

2.04

10.

212

0.09

50.

041

1.72

60.

096

0.49

70.

035

1.74

70.

255

0.11

00.

015

s28

2.52

00.

080

0.04

50.

016

2.46

70.

048

0.21

90.

014

2.44

40.

146

0.06

60.

007

s29

1.78

10.

199

0.37

20.

061

1.26

20.

326

0.77

60.

056

1.47

50.

746

0.17

30.

047

s30

1.83

90.

050

0.03

20.

010

1.64

50.

030

0.11

40.

008

1.76

20.

089

0.04

10.

005

360 APPENDIXES

Tab

le D

.3

Dem

and-

side

eco

nom

ic s

pillo

ver-

feed

back

mul

tiplie

rs b

y se

ctor

in t

hree

maj

or r

egio

ns, 2

007

Cod

e of

se

ctor

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Cen

tral

re

gion

s11.

738

0.10

70.

069

0.02

61.

629

0.06

30.

198

0.02

11.

551

0.17

80.

079

0.01

5s2

2.10

20.

161

0.08

60.

042

1.94

00.

071

0.28

80.

029

1.61

20.

279

0.07

50.

023

s31.

870

0.11

00.

077

0.03

11.

350

0.03

30.

141

0.01

41.

398

0.20

20.

075

0.01

9s4

2.20

50.

142

0.08

60.

040

1.93

20.

089

0.34

20.

035

1.70

70.

304

0.08

40.

025

s51.

902

0.11

10.

070

0.03

01.

904

0.07

10.

268

0.02

71.

564

0.27

70.

077

0.02

4s6

2.23

70.

199

0.13

10.

046

2.16

20.

108

0.24

90.

028

1.96

30.

237

0.12

70.

021

s72.

479

0.17

20.

106

0.04

42.

255

0.08

80.

325

0.03

21.

989

0.35

60.

113

0.02

6s8

2.38

40.

151

0.09

30.

040

2.20

00.

079

0.32

30.

031

1.84

60.

514

0.10

90.

034

s92.

395

0.17

70.

109

0.04

72.

138

0.07

60.

264

0.02

71.

847

0.48

70.

112

0.03

7s1

02.

469

0.14

30.

087

0.04

02.

147

0.07

50.

338

0.03

21.

839

0.50

90.

121

0.03

4s1

11.

912

0.15

80.

107

0.03

91.

809

0.10

30.

204

0.02

22.

090

0.23

70.

086

0.02

1s1

22.

298

0.15

00.

089

0.04

12.

006

0.09

80.

416

0.04

01.

861

0.36

80.

100

0.02

8s1

32.

383

0.20

90.

108

0.05

42.

231

0.08

70.

331

0.03

51.

922

0.38

00.

127

0.03

1s1

42.

381

0.20

00.

189

0.06

52.

164

0.09

80.

348

0.03

71.

989

0.31

80.

100

0.02

8s1

52.

466

0.21

30.

189

0.06

92.

224

0.09

90.

415

0.04

51.

973

0.51

10.

163

0.05

1s1

62.

351

0.16

60.

128

0.05

22.

038

0.09

60.

454

0.04

71.

883

0.49

20.

141

0.04

5s1

72.

404

0.21

20.

162

0.08

02.

156

0.10

40.

539

0.05

72.

115

0.65

70.

150

0.06

3s1

82.

292

0.15

70.

135

0.05

12.

014

0.08

40.

416

0.04

11.

885

0.49

80.

145

0.04

7s1

91.

668

0.05

30.

041

0.01

61.

525

0.03

30.

186

0.01

61.

485

0.25

30.

057

0.01

9s2

01.

616

0.06

40.

045

0.01

91.

592

0.03

90.

211

0.01

91.

521

0.25

30.

062

0.02

2s2

12.

048

0.13

60.

112

0.04

22.

091

0.06

90.

308

0.03

01.

599

0.29

80.

072

0.02

4s2

22.

393

0.21

90.

135

0.05

72.

037

0.10

60.

323

0.03

42.

123

0.27

10.

080

0.02

3

361 APPENDIXES

s23

2.18

90.

155

0.11

90.

043

1.88

20.

088

0.28

60.

029

1.86

20.

282

0.12

20.

025

s24

2.45

70.

201

0.13

30.

057

2.19

70.

091

0.43

80.

046

1.95

80.

564

0.18

10.

051

s25

1.99

70.

123

0.10

00.

038

1.71

00.

083

0.26

90.

029

1.68

50.

348

0.09

70.

030

s26

1.56

20.

049

0.03

60.

015

1.55

30.

045

0.14

70.

015

1.52

70.

185

0.05

10.

015

s27

2.10

30.

167

0.11

30.

039

1.96

00.

104

0.24

60.

028

1.85

10.

265

0.14

00.

024

s28

2.15

60.

105

0.07

40.

031

1.84

00.

079

0.31

90.

029

1.83

40.

412

0.10

10.

031

s29

1.85

00.

088

0.06

60.

027

1.73

20.

051

0.24

80.

023

1.54

40.

226

0.05

60.

017

s30

1.72

40.

066

0.04

60.

020

1.62

90.

049

0.21

00.

020

1.51

10.

246

0.06

20.

019

362 APPENDIXES

Tab

le D

.4

Supp

ly-s

ide

econ

omic

spi

llove

r-fe

edba

ck m

ultip

liers

by

sect

or in

thr

ee m

ajor

reg

ions

, 200

7

Cod

e of

sect

orE

aste

rn r

egio

nC

entr

al r

egio

nW

este

rn r

egio

n

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Cen

tral

re

gion

s12.

418

0.09

30.

046

0.02

81.

944

0.06

60.

387

0.02

41.

630

0.33

00.

116

0.01

7s2

3.85

50.

243

0.11

40.

096

2.33

50.

108

1.58

90.

128

2.48

91.

040

0.24

20.

069

s33.

265

0.31

50.

166

0.13

52.

461

0.19

91.

416

0.15

72.

474

1.44

50.

457

0.13

5s4

3.11

60.

259

0.14

80.

132

2.47

20.

110

0.71

50.

059

2.31

50.

865

0.15

10.

062

s52.

659

0.12

50.

109

0.04

32.

256

0.15

10.

524

0.03

92.

141

0.42

20.

113

0.02

6s6

1.77

10.

076

0.04

10.

021

1.69

20.

070

0.25

70.

018

1.51

10.

238

0.10

70.

014

s72.

022

0.04

80.

038

0.02

12.

000

0.04

60.

548

0.02

81.

453

0.71

30.

085

0.03

0s8

1.56

70.

045

0.03

90.

020

1.58

00.

024

0.19

30.

012

1.77

90.

240

0.05

00.

014

s91.

924

0.06

30.

095

0.03

21.

932

0.04

60.

312

0.02

02.

024

0.40

30.

086

0.02

5s1

02.

490

0.10

50.

120

0.04

42.

429

0.10

80.

555

0.03

72.

484

0.46

90.

133

0.03

0s1

13.

204

0.29

90.

227

0.13

82.

407

0.17

30.

890

0.07

52.

057

1.07

60.

314

0.07

7s1

22.

763

0.19

50.

124

0.07

42.

457

0.09

90.

691

0.05

42.

315

0.58

20.

164

0.03

9s1

32.

297

0.09

40.

090

0.02

82.

174

0.08

40.

389

0.02

22.

128

0.24

10.

054

0.01

3s1

42.

791

0.16

10.

116

0.06

92.

280

0.12

30.

792

0.06

21.

862

1.12

30.

143

0.07

7s1

52.

355

0.12

80.

139

0.06

01.

982

0.12

30.

752

0.05

52.

578

0.57

70.

102

0.03

9s1

61.

708

0.09

70.

079

0.04

21.

696

0.08

70.

295

0.02

61.

878

0.30

50.

080

0.02

2s1

71.

915

0.08

70.

104

0.04

51.

668

0.05

90.

436

0.03

11.

879

0.43

00.

086

0.03

1s1

81.

913

0.08

10.

082

0.03

71.

789

0.08

40.

434

0.03

22.

118

0.37

20.

088

0.02

4s1

91.

479

0.03

40.

022

0.01

11.

600

0.02

40.

230

0.01

31.

665

0.21

20.

044

0.01

1s2

01.

459

0.05

70.

034

0.02

12.

376

0.07

00.

418

0.03

32.

116

0.34

30.

080

0.02

2s2

12.

239

0.14

40.

100

0.06

62.

282

0.08

90.

481

0.03

92.

295

0.57

50.

127

0.04

1s2

23.

356

0.17

60.

086

0.06

72.

674

0.11

00.

845

0.06

92.

532

0.71

50.

294

0.05

3

363 APPENDIXES

s23

2.57

40.

086

0.07

40.

037

1.79

80.

052

0.30

20.

023

1.59

80.

381

0.06

20.

023

s24

1.09

50.

003

0.00

30.

001

1.08

40.

003

0.01

70.

001

1.03

40.

009

0.00

30.

001

s25

2.48

70.

106

0.08

80.

048

2.28

20.

080

0.47

50.

036

2.10

80.

534

0.12

10.

035

s26

2.08

00.

090

0.07

20.

040

2.07

20.

063

0.31

10.

024

1.89

50.

456

0.13

20.

030

s27

1.92

60.

050

0.06

30.

024

1.86

40.

042

0.19

60.

015

1.68

70.

250

0.06

00.

015

s28

2.15

80.

059

0.06

70.

026

2.10

50.

117

0.43

70.

032

2.17

70.

358

0.09

00.

022

s29

1.81

40.

049

0.05

80.

020

1.95

30.

043

0.17

80.

014

1.85

00.

268

0.09

40.

019

s30

1.79

30.

042

0.03

60.

018

1.51

80.

022

0.12

50.

010

1.45

70.

139

0.03

50.

009

364 APPENDIXES

app

en

dIx

e: d

em

an

d-s

Ide a

nd

 su

ppl

y-sI

de c

ar

bo

n-e

mIs

sIo

n s

pIl

lo

ve

r-F

ee

db

ac

k

mu

lT

Ipl

Ier e

FFe

cT b

y se

cT

or In

 200

2 a

nd

 200

7

Tab

le E

.1

Dem

and-

side

car

bon

emis

sion

spi

llove

r-fe

edba

ck m

ultip

liers

by

sect

or in

thr

ee m

ajor

reg

ions

, 200

2

Cod

e of

Sec

tor

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Wes

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Eas

tern

re

gion

Cen

tral

re

gion

s10.

209

0.02

30.

013

0.00

30.

233

0.01

10.

030

0.00

30.

256

0.01

70.

013

0.00

1s2

0.50

60.

037

0.01

70.

004

0.91

10.

019

0.05

50.

005

0.92

30.

041

0.03

30.

003

s30.

266

0.01

70.

010

0.00

20.

239

0.00

40.

011

0.00

10.

530

0.02

20.

021

0.00

2s4

0.42

00.

054

0.02

70.

006

0.68

20.

029

0.05

80.

006

0.49

90.

041

0.03

10.

003

s50.

616

0.04

80.

024

0.00

50.

530

0.02

90.

078

0.00

70.

832

0.04

80.

037

0.00

4s6

0.28

80.

042

0.02

30.

006

0.35

20.

023

0.05

80.

006

0.44

60.

040

0.03

00.

004

s70.

432

0.04

60.

024

0.00

60.

579

0.03

00.

081

0.00

91.

000

0.07

70.

047

0.00

7s8

0.34

90.

043

0.02

40.

006

0.33

80.

032

0.07

70.

010

0.45

40.

095

0.05

60.

008

s90.

371

0.04

80.

024

0.00

60.

571

0.04

00.

100

0.01

10.

718

0.07

80.

062

0.00

7s1

00.

479

0.05

30.

028

0.00

70.

720

0.03

40.

089

0.01

00.

822

0.08

40.

067

0.00

8s1

10.

529

0.04

10.

013

0.00

31.

035

0.02

50.

073

0.00

71.

042

0.03

10.

036

0.00

3s1

20.

477

0.04

70.

024

0.00

50.

847

0.03

00.

079

0.00

81.

081

0.06

70.

052

0.00

5s1

32.

000

0.07

60.

036

0.00

71.

900

0.03

70.

126

0.01

02.

852

0.08

40.

094

0.00

6s1

41.

094

0.06

10.

031

0.00

61.

566

0.04

30.

092

0.00

82.

060

0.07

70.

076

0.00

6s1

50.

571

0.06

60.

035

0.00

70.

687

0.05

60.

116

0.01

10.

785

0.08

70.

092

0.00

7s1

60.

578

0.06

40.

034

0.00

80.

869

0.07

00.

148

0.01

40.

883

0.11

50.

116

0.00

9s1

70.

559

0.07

00.

036

0.00

90.

826

0.06

00.

166

0.01

60.

707

0.08

10.

066

0.00

7s1

80.

480

0.05

60.

030

0.00

70.

867

0.06

70.

162

0.01

60.

985

0.11

80.

120

0.00

9s1

90.

345

0.04

20.

024

0.00

60.

705

0.04

00.

126

0.01

40.

661

0.10

40.

108

0.01

1

365 APPENDIXES

s20

0.35

00.

043

0.02

30.

006

0.56

10.

040

0.11

40.

012

0.61

20.

070

0.05

70.

007

s21

0.41

60.

042

0.02

10.

005

0.45

60.

032

0.07

80.

008

1.07

80.

072

0.05

90.

006

s22

4.88

90.

087

0.03

40.

006

5.36

40.

037

0.06

20.

006

6.06

70.

046

0.03

70.

003

s23

1.52

90.

063

0.03

30.

004

1.93

60.

034

0.07

30.

006

3.37

40.

054

0.05

60.

004

s24

0.63

40.

058

0.03

00.

006

0.79

80.

049

0.17

90.

013

0.95

30.

085

0.11

90.

007

s25

0.67

70.

053

0.02

70.

007

0.94

80.

037

0.10

30.

011

1.19

70.

069

0.05

30.

006

s26

0.25

20.

028

0.01

40.

003

0.32

60.

018

0.05

30.

006

0.44

70.

041

0.02

80.

003

s27

0.32

00.

034

0.01

90.

004

0.41

00.

019

0.05

30.

006

0.57

80.

037

0.03

00.

003

s28

0.16

00.

021

0.01

20.

003

0.44

80.

022

0.06

90.

007

0.38

40.

037

0.02

40.

003

s29

0.73

30.

117

0.09

50.

015

1.28

80.

085

0.23

90.

028

1.07

50.

174

0.10

70.

019

s30

0.19

20.

021

0.01

30.

003

0.28

90.

016

0.04

70.

005

0.32

90.

038

0.02

60.

004

366 APPENDIXES

Tab

le E

.2

Supp

ly-s

ide

carb

on-e

mis

sion

spi

llove

r-fe

edba

ck m

ultip

liers

by

sect

or in

thr

ee m

ajor

reg

ions

, 200

2

Cod

e of

Sec

tor

Eas

tern

Reg

ion

Cen

tral

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

Reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

R

egio

nW

este

rn

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

R

egio

nE

aste

rn

Reg

ion

Eas

tern

R

egio

nC

entr

al

Reg

ion

s10.

124

0.00

90.

006

0.00

20.

157

0.01

20.

048

0.00

50.

150

0.02

30.

009

0.00

2s2

3.22

80.

135

0.03

20.

011

2.33

90.

035

0.67

70.

019

3.10

10.

204

0.17

40.

007

s30.

828

0.19

40.

034

0.01

90.

572

0.05

70.

224

0.02

01.

407

0.08

30.

151

0.00

8s4

0.69

10.

042

0.04

30.

006

1.24

70.

059

0.11

60.

010

1.23

70.

053

0.04

70.

004

s50.

816

0.05

40.

012

0.00

30.

663

0.02

60.

032

0.00

21.

125

0.02

40.

014

0.00

1s6

0.09

80.

009

0.00

60.

002

0.11

50.

008

0.01

90.

002

0.14

50.

008

0.00

50.

001

s70.

147

0.01

60.

012

0.00

20.

245

0.02

00.

023

0.00

30.

573

0.00

90.

013

0.00

2s8

0.07

80.

007

0.00

60.

001

0.20

10.

010

0.02

50.

002

0.34

10.

018

0.01

30.

001

s90.

167

0.02

10.

014

0.00

30.

272

0.01

30.

032

0.00

30.

344

0.02

30.

017

0.00

2s1

00.

279

0.02

70.

023

0.00

50.

477

0.02

30.

046

0.00

50.

542

0.03

30.

024

0.00

3s1

10.

938

0.06

90.

035

0.01

01.

355

0.03

80.

108

0.00

91.

467

0.07

40.

059

0.00

6s1

20.

320

0.03

20.

013

0.00

40.

626

0.01

70.

049

0.00

50.

644

0.03

00.

026

0.00

3s1

31.

544

0.03

80.

012

0.00

31.

384

0.04

30.

025

0.00

22.

113

0.01

20.

009

0.00

1s1

41.

011

0.05

40.

029

0.00

71.

242

0.05

10.

078

0.00

71.

430

0.05

20.

051

0.00

4s1

50.

295

0.02

60.

011

0.00

40.

312

0.01

20.

044

0.00

30.

512

0.03

80.

028

0.00

3s1

60.

212

0.01

20.

006

0.00

20.

333

0.01

00.

038

0.00

30.

437

0.01

70.

013

0.00

1s1

70.

214

0.02

90.

019

0.00

60.

289

0.02

30.

070

0.00

80.

336

0.03

40.

022

0.00

3s1

80.

137

0.01

40.

010

0.00

20.

265

0.01

50.

061

0.00

50.

398

0.03

90.

020

0.00

3s1

90.

084

0.01

10.

010

0.00

20.

236

0.01

20.

037

0.00

40.

255

0.02

90.

016

0.00

3s2

00.

171

0.02

00.

022

0.00

40.

342

0.02

00.

068

0.00

50.

318

0.05

00.

022

0.00

4s2

10.

353

0.07

50.

052

0.00

90.

382

0.09

00.

077

0.00

80.

864

0.04

40.

043

0.00

4s2

25.

073

0.04

50.

028

0.00

65.

563

0.04

40.

130

0.00

86.

471

0.10

10.

056

0.00

6

367 APPENDIXES

s23

1.10

90.

024

0.01

50.

004

1.48

60.

017

0.04

60.

004

3.18

80.

032

0.02

70.

003

s24

0.04

10.

001

0.00

10.

000

0.05

00.

001

0.00

30.

000

0.05

30.

001

0.00

10.

000

s25

0.61

50.

083

0.05

50.

015

0.78

50.

059

0.10

90.

010

0.99

10.

095

0.06

30.

007

s26

0.28

20.

059

0.04

90.

010

0.30

00.

039

0.10

70.

009

0.30

40.

056

0.04

70.

005

s27

0.18

60.

055

0.03

30.

009

0.24

10.

033

0.08

20.

010

0.32

90.

042

0.03

10.

005

s28

0.24

20.

024

0.01

70.

004

0.35

70.

018

0.04

60.

004

0.38

70.

027

0.02

00.

002

s29

0.13

20.

037

0.09

70.

012

0.10

50.

086

0.10

40.

015

0.15

20.

100

0.03

30.

014

s30

0.18

60.

015

0.01

20.

002

0.22

10.

011

0.02

40.

002

0.43

40.

018

0.01

30.

001

368 APPENDIXES

Tab

le E

.3

Dem

and-

side

car

bon

emis

sion

spi

llove

r-fe

edba

ck m

ultip

lier

by s

ecto

r in

thr

ee m

ajor

reg

ions

, 200

7

Cod

e of

Sec

tor

Eas

tern

Reg

ion

Cen

tral

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

Reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ck

Cen

tral

R

egio

nW

este

rn

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

R

egio

nE

aste

rn

Reg

ion

Eas

tern

R

egio

nC

entr

al

Reg

ion

s10.

188

0.03

50.

023

0.00

60.

230

0.02

40.

039

0.00

80.

210

0.03

20.

022

0.00

6s2

0.52

10.

105

0.05

70.

012

0.79

10.

048

0.07

70.

014

0.71

90.

060

0.03

50.

011

s30.

425

0.07

80.

051

0.00

90.

356

0.03

00.

040

0.00

70.

471

0.05

00.

044

0.01

0s4

0.41

00.

100

0.05

90.

012

0.64

20.

078

0.11

50.

018

0.44

60.

065

0.04

00.

012

s50.

428

0.06

30.

043

0.00

90.

631

0.05

50.

087

0.01

30.

499

0.06

00.

033

0.01

2s6

0.21

90.

053

0.03

50.

011

0.32

60.

033

0.04

70.

010

0.29

00.

041

0.03

20.

009

s70.

283

0.05

80.

038

0.01

10.

380

0.03

80.

063

0.01

30.

421

0.05

60.

034

0.01

1s8

0.20

10.

046

0.03

30.

009

0.26

50.

031

0.05

40.

012

0.19

70.

065

0.03

00.

013

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287

0.07

20.

049

0.01

20.

408

0.04

40.

063

0.01

20.

362

0.07

90.

039

0.01

6s1

00.

343

0.06

50.

045

0.01

10.

674

0.04

80.

080

0.01

40.

544

0.08

50.

049

0.01

6s1

10.

541

0.06

90.

049

0.01

10.

647

0.04

80.

051

0.01

10.

854

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043

0.01

0s1

20.

393

0.07

60.

047

0.01

10.

813

0.07

20.

102

0.01

90.

622

0.07

50.

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31.

846

0.12

80.

076

0.01

62.

400

0.06

70.

120

0.01

73.

437

0.10

80.

066

0.01

6s1

40.

962

0.12

10.

118

0.02

01.

426

0.07

40.

117

0.01

91.

293

0.08

60.

054

0.01

5s1

50.

548

0.12

70.

122

0.02

10.

777

0.07

00.

134

0.02

30.

633

0.13

70.

088

0.02

7s1

60.

398

0.09

10.

076

0.01

50.

559

0.06

10.

122

0.02

30.

491

0.11

40.

072

0.02

4s1

70.

313

0.09

10.

072

0.02

20.

473

0.06

40.

132

0.02

70.

371

0.12

50.

066

0.02

9s1

80.

352

0.08

60.

081

0.01

50.

515

0.05

50.

112

0.02

00.

463

0.12

50.

076

0.02

5s1

90.

139

0.02

80.

023

0.00

50.

262

0.02

40.

044

0.00

80.

244

0.05

40.

032

0.01

0s2

00.

156

0.03

40.

025

0.00

50.

287

0.02

70.

052

0.00

90.

223

0.06

00.

032

0.01

1s2

10.

285

0.06

80.

065

0.01

20.

414

0.03

80.

069

0.01

30.

353

0.05

80.

030

0.01

1s2

23.

072

0.15

00.

124

0.01

74.

098

0.12

80.

144

0.01

84.

576

0.07

00.

053

0.01

2

369 APPENDIXES

s23

1.09

50.

090

0.07

30.

012

1.21

90.

074

0.08

80.

014

1.06

10.

064

0.05

20.

013

s24

0.63

60.

125

0.08

70.

017

0.75

50.

062

0.15

00.

023

0.75

30.

178

0.10

60.

027

s25

0.51

20.

048

0.04

10.

010

0.55

90.

042

0.06

70.

013

0.68

30.

072

0.03

80.

013

s26

0.14

00.

021

0.01

50.

004

0.30

80.

035

0.04

00.

006

0.27

80.

033

0.01

80.

007

s27

0.24

30.

047

0.03

50.

009

0.30

60.

036

0.04

60.

010

0.34

20.

043

0.03

50.

009

s28

0.20

60.

044

0.03

30.

008

0.28

80.

049

0.06

30.

013

0.28

50.

070

0.03

70.

014

s29

0.21

70.

039

0.02

90.

007

0.31

00.

031

0.05

40.

010

0.23

80.

045

0.02

40.

008

s30

0.17

60.

030

0.02

20.

005

0.26

50.

034

0.04

80.

009

0.31

10.

044

0.02

60.

009

370 APPENDIXES

Tab

le E

.4

Supp

ly-s

ide

carb

on-e

mis

sion

spi

llove

r-fe

edba

ck m

ultip

liers

by

sect

or in

thr

ee m

ajor

reg

ions

, 200

7

Cod

e of

Sec

tor

Eas

tern

Reg

ion

Cen

tral

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

Reg

ion

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

erFe

edba

ckIn

tra-

regi

onal

Spill

over

Feed

back

Intr

a-re

gion

alSp

illov

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edba

ck

Cen

tral

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egio

nW

este

rn

Reg

ion

Wes

tern

R

egio

nE

aste

rn

Reg

ion

Eas

tern

R

egio

nC

entr

al

Reg

ion

s10.

153

0.01

60.

010

0.00

50.

176

0.01

10.

037

0.00

50.

139

0.02

80.

018

0.00

4s2

1.81

30.

141

0.04

70.

026

1.55

60.

045

0.80

90.

047

2.12

10.

495

0.14

80.

022

s30.

877

0.14

90.

069

0.03

30.

863

0.09

00.

453

0.05

30.

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0.46

10.

198

0.04

4s4

0.57

60.

098

0.05

50.

029

0.70

90.

039

0.15

60.

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0.64

70.

175

0.05

60.

019

s50.

686

0.04

90.

049

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793

0.08

20.

146

0.01

20.

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0.12

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0.10

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0.00

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0.19

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110

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103

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301

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225

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586

0.02

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544

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10.

921

0.11

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979

0.06

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242

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876

0.29

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123

0.02

4s1

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263

0.05

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774

0.04

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0.01

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70.

159

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879

0.21

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216

0.04

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314

0.03

60.

139

0.01

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163

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280

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397

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20.

127

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20.

646

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156

0.00

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177

0.03

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132

0.02

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0.00

60.

668

0.02

60.

113

0.01

10.

405

0.07

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234

0.04

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0.01

50.

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0.03

10.

102

0.01

20.

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245

0.09

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0.01

74.

338

0.05

60.

301

0.02

44.

741

0.28

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186

0.01

7

371 APPENDIXES

s23

0.81

90.

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0.02

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0.84

40.

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0.07

30.

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0.78

10.

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0.02

20.

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0.03

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001

0.00

10.

000

0.04

20.

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0.00

50.

000

0.03

00.

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0.00

10.

000

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0.60

60.

038

0.03

40.

012

0.78

90.

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0.12

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0.93

60.

115

0.04

60.

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s26

0.21

10.

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0.02

60.

009

0.41

20.

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0.06

40.

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0.44

40.

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0.04

50.

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s27

0.16

30.

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0.01

80.

006

0.30

90.

013

0.04

70.

005

0.25

10.

045

0.01

90.

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s28

0.14

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0.02

00.

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0.31

60.

033

0.08

10.

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0.32

30.

064

0.02

80.

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s29

0.11

90.

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0.01

30.

005

0.28

00.

012

0.04

80.

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0.23

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0.02

90.

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s30

0.17

80.

015

0.01

40.

004

0.19

70.

008

0.03

20.

003

0.23

40.

033

0.01

50.

003

372 APPENDIXES

app

en

dIx

F: b

re

ak

do

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InT

er-p

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cIa

l c

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Tab

le F

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Tra

nsfe

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and

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t of c

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died

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373 APPENDIXES

Yu57

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2839

112

411

Wan

148

4339

107

181

1618

1111

6512

69

11M

in30

1468

324

271

1012

1112

359

26

17G

an21

2799

385

202

118

516

183

14

3L

u27

948

6121

461

330

9223

5231

531

1735

63

(con

tinu

ed)

374 APPENDIXES

Yu0

251

214

468

895

8411

648

4367

473

1954

229

E48

027

429

667

339

3014

3082

66

621

Xia

ng83

600

604

124

1133

5468

6492

54

2214

Yue

433

108

405

031

649

236

134

172

275

128

3618

1933

Gui

6624

6774

90

469

1745

8345

41

34

Qio

ng5

22

408

02

32

35

11

12

Yu59

1249

293

501

083

4578

498

110

7C

huan

9426

101

347

794

375

070

8816

010

516

20Q

ian

234

1011

158

512

12

7566

012

320

22

54

Dia

n24

1431

1117

391

6529

630

216

12

12Sh

an11

844

9624

854

440

7832

340

4411

1725

Gan

6812

2482

81

2327

68

790

126

4615

Qin

g10

26

573

03

102

111

100

014

9N

ing

245

437

51

49

33

2410

727

029

Xin

4117

1252

1010

920

511

2310

417

160

Tot

al35

6011

5020

7082

0114

1913

313

9811

7282

812

6030

0785

339

348

796

2

Uni

t: 1

0,00

0 to

ns

Not

e: t

he h

oriz

onta

l ref

ers

to t

he o

utflo

w o

f car

bon

emis

sion

s em

bodi

ed in

reg

ions

and

the

ver

tical

mea

ns t

he in

flow

Tab

le F

.1

(con

tinue

d)

375 APPENDIXES

Tab

le F

.2

Tra

nsfe

r-in

and

Tra

nsfe

r-ou

t of c

arbo

n em

issi

ons e

mbo

died

in C

hina

’s P

rovi

nces

bas

ed o

n M

RIO

met

hod,

201

0

Tran

sfer-

inTr

ansfe

r-ou

t

Jing

Jin

JiJi

nM

eng

Liao

JiH

eiH

uSu

Zhe

Wan

Min

Gan

Lu

Jing

074

8839

3122

2240

8613

056

1456

2630

Jin

210

7726

4930

3935

4969

2215

2412

18Ji

5219

00

112

171

8699

8816

412

066

3744

2866

Jin

972

880

115

278

2618

307

88

78M

eng

3215

918

522

024

203

3144

3816

1010

636

Lia

o29

115

223

7213

40

323

296

3740

2113

910

32Ji

2311

811

612

679

232

041

645

4318

128

552

Hei

2344

6014

4710

816

80

3936

358

87

24H

u46

151

118

124

129

2941

690

104

4741

6122

62Su

4512

617

180

212

6971

8816

30

102

7638

6137

Zhe

1136

6830

4014

2026

278

940

4976

2823

Wan

3679

7758

7223

6031

197

199

890

5165

46M

in12

1624

432

812

1127

1616

110

93

Gan

513

125

106

149

3712

189

210

2L

u52

193

313

8914

890

181

112

198

147

5753

2723

0Yu

2515

626

156

143

4955

4013

613

273

5034

8973

E6

3217

615

54

713

520

115

1711

014

Xia

ng24

6310

414

151

948

2141

2225

3932

1410

Yue

2561

9034

7314

1833

121

8181

3183

165

14G

ui6

1815

616

25

419

1211

58

278

Qio

ng2

510

24

12

24

49

32

11

Yu15

4255

1971

119

813

125

199

76

Chu

an19

5064

1778

820

1022

2010

1813

2224

(con

tinu

ed)

376 APPENDIXES

Tran

sfer-

inTr

ansfe

r-ou

t

Jing

Jin

JiJi

nM

eng

Liao

JiH

eiH

uSu

Zhe

Wan

Min

Gan

Lu

Qia

n6

1930

414

25

622

2213

58

795

Dia

n4

139

76

22

219

99

38

66

Shan

2478

114

2613

08

3419

4248

2034

2713

14G

an7

1817

69

54

318

1116

57

103

Qin

g1

44

05

01

13

10

21

00

Nin

g4

2732

56

22

310

74

22

43

Xin

831

3211

82

53

3221

134

54

9T

otal

572

2005

2474

1015

1896

856

1506

1420

2030

1487

892

579

697

861

697

YuE

Xia

ngYu

eG

uiQ

iong

YuC

huan

Qia

nD

ian

Shan

Gan

Qin

gN

ing

Xin

Jing

7712

1436

563

5111

3229

396

188

19Ji

n11

016

1441

211

2130

1926

6010

1415

32Ji

188

3022

5131

129

3020

1913

413

2015

32Ji

n14

44

2010

47

47

518

14

24

Men

g27

84

147

15

53

332

55

44

Lia

o13

47

926

102

816

109

4211

616

13Ji

108

76

1612

17

36

523

23

711

Hei

246

742

120

76

611

163

69

4H

u28

523

3811

650

633

3320

102

927

2811

25Su

261

1810

114

071

125

6642

3620

226

943

101

Zhe

103

1782

230

922

1551

4547

517

26

13W

an19

226

3061

211

1518

139

7911

711

10M

in17

323

5915

06

58

525

51

510

Gan

65

939

71

32

36

91

12

1L

u22

725

3971

502

1977

2035

173

1716

2841

Yu0

7184

100

683

3986

4122

261

2914

2890

E23

034

7342

123

138

1524

36

210

Tab

le F

.2

(con

tinue

d)

377 APPENDIXES

Tran

sfer-

inTr

ansfe

r-ou

t

Jing

Jin

JiJi

nM

eng

Liao

JiH

eiH

uSu

Zhe

Wan

Min

Gan

Lu

YuE

Xia

ngYu

eG

uiQ

iong

YuC

huan

Qia

nD

ian

Shan

Gan

Qin

gN

ing

Xin

Xia

ng76

130

194

116

824

2748

5499

34

2616

Yue

150

3712

50

152

1475

5711

418

599

1912

837

Gui

158

1558

01

245

1320

342

12

2Q

iong

21

19

30

21

11

41

11

1Yu

536

4789

400

018

2273

492

112

6C

huan

5611

5478

492

390

4230

963

411

7Q

ian

363

2174

431

1912

027

131

23

3D

ian

611

877

191

167

160

152

11

2Sh

an96

984

104

731

1722

4111

013

719

20G

an15

25

114

19

94

230

027

65

Qin

g2

04

53

01

12

04

30

149

Nin

g9

21

43

02

41

17

1611

06

Xin

146

211

51

65

23

84

95

0T

otal

2325

385

890

1849

1086

6054

462

561

079

317

3722

224

132

053

4

Uni

t: 1

0,00

0 to

ns

Not

e: t

he h

oriz

onta

l ref

ers

to t

he o

utflo

w o

f ca

rbon

em

issi

ons

embo

died

in r

egio

ns a

nd t

he v

ertic

al m

eans

the

inflo

w. T

he fi

rst

colu

mn

in t

he t

able

is t

he

abbr

evia

tion

of e

ach

regi

on. T

he c

orre

spon

ding

nam

es a

re a

s fo

llow

s: J

ing

(Bei

jing)

, Jin

(T

ianj

in),

Ji (

Heb

ei),

Jin

(Sh

anxi

), M

eng

(Inn

er M

ongo

lia),

Lia

o (L

iaon

ing)

, Ji

(Ji

lin),

Hei

(H

eilo

ngjia

ng),

Hu

(Sha

ngha

i),

Su (

Jian

gsu)

, Z

he (

Zhe

jiang

), W

an (

Anh

ui),

Min

(Fu

jian)

, G

an (

Jian

gxi)

, L

u (S

hand

ong)

, Yu

(H

enan

), E

(H

ubei

), X

iang

(H

unan

), Y

ue (

Gua

ngdo

ng),

Gui

(G

uang

xi),

Qio

ng (

Hai

nan)

, Yu

(C

hong

qing

), C

huan

(Si

chua

n),

Qia

n (G

uizh

ou),

Dia

n (Y

unna

n), S

han

(Sha

anxi

), G

an (

Gan

su),

Qin

g (Q

ingh

ai),

Nin

g (N

ingx

ia),

and

Xin

(X

injia

ng).

The

abb

revi

atio

ns a

nd m

eani

ngs

of r

egio

nal n

ames

in o

ther

ta

bles

in t

his

stud

y ar

e th

e sa

me

as t

hose

in t

his

tabl

e

378 APPENDIXES

app

en

dIx

g: c

ar

bo

n e

mIs

sIo

ns

em

bo

dIe

d In

 Tr

ad

e a

nd

 ca

rb

on

sav

Ing

s b

y r

eg

Ion

Tab

le G

.1

Car

bon

emis

sion

s em

bodi

ed in

tra

de a

nd c

arbo

n sa

ving

s by

reg

ion

Reg

ion

Car

bon

Em

issio

ns E

mbo

died

in

Tran

sfer-

out

Car

bon

Em

issio

ns E

mbo

died

in

Tran

sfer-

inTr

ansfe

r-in

Car

bon-

savi

ng A

mou

nt

2002

2007

2010

2002

2007

2010

2002

2007

2010

Bei

jing

847

1000

593

2301

3441

3892

1785

2109

1485

Tia

njin

745

1494

1727

1232

3559

3573

1330

2346

2385

Heb

ei33

1894

2199

0230

7764

3160

3732

3859

3665

19Sh

anxi

2205

4116

5029

650

769

1120

1592

2145

2301

Inne

r M

ongo

lia19

7061

9469

9584

110

7520

7615

4018

0838

83L

iaon

ing

2040

4647

4250

1011

2378

2749

981

2250

3612

Jilin

1892

2789

2351

1238

4655

4952

1940

6507

6039

Hei

long

jiang

816

2397

2234

2302

1878

2031

1798

1995

2327

Shan

ghai

1080

1572

1608

2286

5288

5762

1708

2944

2952

Jian

gsu

2186

4947

5430

1631

6784

7724

1029

4990

5964

Zhe

jiang

1687

2627

2449

1604

7940

7266

1314

4423

3313

Anh

ui14

8426

5531

6011

5821

1826

2019

1223

5226

04Fu

jian

416

1036

1165

560

1463

1525

284

1379

1324

Jian

gxi

448

944

1500

1079

1859

1803

937

2235

1553

Shan

dong

2437

5313

5284

1495

5107

5865

1631

6108

5623

Hen

an18

1367

9671

3814

2230

8035

6011

4943

6954

65H

ubei

1469

1972

2452

948

1113

1150

771

1472

1480

Hun

an61

423

9422

5286

215

7320

7078

125

2623

65G

uang

dong

1378

3113

5109

3067

8657

8201

1958

3523

7592

Gua

ngxi

1042

1589

1799

738

981

1419

879

1147

1794

Hai

nan

108

160

167

468

9713

399

388

137

Cho

ngqi

ng66

988

712

1651

614

3813

9872

319

6814

36Si

chua

n98

815

4023

4269

813

2211

7265

214

5915

13

379 APPENDIXES

Gui

zhou

739

2468

2004

475

723

828

1171

1753

1553

Yunn

an43

622

0818

7545

296

912

6056

414

5216

34Sh

aanx

i64

620

7323

7816

2825

5730

0711

1521

5323

43G

ansu

489

1052

1457

947

886

853

1422

936

1381

Qin

ghai

120

257

364

134

369

393

149

395

393

Nin

gxia

788

839

785

217

382

487

1200

743

1118

Xin

jiang

508

1422

874

342

1029

962

505

2219

2169

Eas

tern

reg

ion

14,2

0330

,682

33,4

3417

,721

48,7

6849

,978

15,2

7033

,845

37,2

93C

entr

al r

egio

n80

3318

,876

21,5

3161

2010

,511

12,3

2371

4115

,099

15,7

68W

este

rn r

egio

n83

9520

,529

22,0

8969

8811

,731

13,8

5699

1916

,033

19,2

18N

orth

east

reg

ion

4749

9833

8835

4551

8910

9732

4719

10,7

5211

,978

Uni

t: 1

0,00

0 to

ns

380 APPENDIXES

app

en

dIx

h: c

ar

bo

n e

mIs

sIo

ns

em

bo

dIe

d In

 ma

rg

Ina

l T

ra

de, c

apI

Ta

l s

To

ck p

er

ca

pIT

a a

nd

 pe

r c

apI

Ta g

dp

by

pro

vIn

ce

Tab

le H

.1

Car

bon

emis

sion

em

bodi

ed in

mar

gina

l tra

de, c

apita

l sto

ck p

er c

apita

and

per

cap

ita G

DP,

200

2

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Car

bon

Em

issio

ns

Em

bodi

ed in

Mar

gina

l Tr

ansfe

r-ou

t(t

on/R

MB

10,0

00)

Mar

gina

l Tra

nsfe

r-in

C

arbo

n Sa

ving

s(t

on/R

MB

10,0

00)

Cap

ital

Sto

ck P

er

Cap

ita

(RM

B10

,000

)

Per

Cap

ita

GD

P(R

MB

10,0

00)

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Bei

jing

Oth

ers

0.08

0.18

0.48

0.23

12.5

37.

073.

081.

19T

ianj

inO

ther

s0.

230.

310.

460.

3514

.34

6.99

2.14

1.44

Heb

eiO

ther

s0.

670.

560.

510.

435.

027.

660.

901.

48Sh

anxi

Oth

ers

1.14

0.50

0.25

0.70

4.81

7.30

0.71

1.17

Inne

r M

ongo

liaO

ther

s1.

130.

590.

320.

799.

737.

560.

821.

22L

iaon

ing

Oth

ers

0.56

0.52

0.40

0.61

8.15

7.23

1.30

1.30

Jilin

Oth

ers

0.39

0.91

0.75

0.40

8.07

7.26

0.87

1.21

Hei

long

jiang

Oth

ers

0.44

0.45

0.39

0.59

4.65

7.86

0.95

1.25

Shan

ghai

Oth

ers

0.15

0.21

0.42

0.28

12.8

86.

733.

541.

30Ji

angs

uO

ther

s0.

320.

360.

470.

408.

176.

921.

441.

44Z

hejia

ngO

ther

s0.

210.

240.

530.

318.

426.

781.

701.

58A

nhui

Oth

ers

0.39

0.35

0.35

0.37

3.30

7.56

0.57

1.48

Fujia

nO

ther

s0.

250.

260.

300.

296.

927.

081.

291.

49Ji

angx

iO

ther

s0.

340.

610.

710.

333.

767.

040.

581.

29Sh

ando

ngO

ther

s0.

460.

720.

760.

457.

027.

141.

161.

30H

enan

Oth

ers

0.68

0.52

0.34

0.58

4.68

7.37

0.65

1.07

Hub

eiO

ther

s0.

670.

540.

420.

624.

486.

830.

741.

20H

unan

Oth

ers

0.38

0.50

0.44

0.35

3.71

6.49

0.67

1.27

381 APPENDIXES

Gua

ngdo

ngO

ther

s0.

310.

350.

380.

385.

796.

471.

541.

25G

uang

xiO

ther

s0.

480.

350.

280.

424.

226.

580.

561.

22H

aina

nO

ther

s0.

250.

260.

250.

404.

046.

690.

801.

25C

hong

qing

Oth

ers

0.27

0.43

0.42

0.30

5.24

6.51

0.71

1.13

Sich

uan

Oth

ers

0.46

0.42

0.33

0.48

3.44

6.56

0.59

1.06

Gui

zhou

Oth

ers

0.82

0.57

0.31

0.51

2.45

6.55

0.33

0.93

Yunn

anO

ther

s0.

590.

350.

270.

463.

296.

660.

541.

05Sh

aanx

iO

ther

s0.

300.

320.

410.

355.

327.

050.

611.

00G

ansu

Oth

ers

0.72

0.72

0.44

0.57

2.93

7.14

0.48

0.89

Qin

ghai

Oth

ers

0.53

0.47

0.47

0.61

5.84

6.87

0.65

0.70

Nin

gxia

Oth

ers

1.13

0.94

0.41

0.54

6.70

7.26

0.66

1.04

Xin

jiang

Oth

ers

0.36

0.73

0.32

0.38

5.26

7.36

0.85

0.93

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.32

0.35

0.47

0.36

8.42

5.24

1.67

0.77

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.58

0.49

0.38

0.49

4.50

7.63

0.71

1.39

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.57

0.48

0.35

0.48

5.38

7.53

0.63

1.36

Nor

thea

st r

egio

nO

ther

s0.

470.

640.

520.

547.

197.

571.

091.

44E

aste

rn r

egio

nC

entr

al r

egio

n0.

310.

450.

640.

468.

394.

521.

650.

72E

aste

rn r

egio

nW

este

rn r

egio

n0.

260.

370.

560.

428.

425.

261.

700.

63E

aste

rn r

egio

nN

orth

east

re

gion

0.34

0.41

0.47

0.48

8.53

7.11

1.68

1.09

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

0.43

0.50

0.47

0.53

4.42

5.22

0.72

0.60

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st

regi

on0.

360.

430.

640.

474.

567.

260.

701.

06

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st

regi

on1.

270.

660.

521.

256.

987.

410.

731.

08

382 APPENDIXES

Tab

le H

.2

Car

bon

emis

sion

em

bodi

ed in

mar

gina

l tra

de, c

apita

l sto

ck p

er c

apita

and

per

cap

ita G

DP,

200

7

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Car

bon

Em

issio

n E

mbo

died

in M

argi

nal

Tran

sfer-

out

(ton

/RM

B10

,000

)

Mar

gina

l Tra

nsfe

r-in

C

arbo

n Sa

ving

s(t

on/R

MB

10,0

00)

Cap

ital

Sto

ck P

er

Cap

ita

(RM

B10

,000

)

Per

Cap

ita

GD

P(R

MB

10,0

00)

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Bei

jing

Oth

ers

0.18

0.37

0.60

0.36

11.4

24.

684.

872.

28T

ianj

inO

ther

s0.

290.

410.

630.

438.

774.

733.

962.

27H

ebei

Oth

ers

0.73

0.63

0.68

0.61

3.19

5.32

1.59

2.54

Shan

xiO

ther

s1.

500.

930.

331.

032.

904.

941.

312.

42In

ner

Mon

golia

Oth

ers

1.43

0.73

0.43

1.10

5.01

5.28

2.02

2.54

Lia

onin

gO

ther

s0.

770.

510.

540.

694.

694.

682.

352.

23Ji

linO

ther

s0.

651.

320.

950.

454.

014.

791.

592.

35H

eilo

ngjia

ngO

ther

s0.

600.

550.

520.

752.

855.

131.

642.

43Sh

angh

aiO

ther

s0.

200.

290.

520.

3311

.78

4.48

5.71

2.21

Jian

gsu

Oth

ers

0.42

0.46

0.62

0.55

5.45

4.75

2.76

2.31

Zhe

jiang

Oth

ers

0.32

0.39

0.70

0.42

6.28

4.75

3.09

2.41

Anh

uiO

ther

s0.

530.

480.

430.

442.

015.

391.

012.

64Fu

jian

Oth

ers

0.36

0.36

0.38

0.33

4.26

5.07

2.29

2.60

Jian

gxi

Oth

ers

0.52

1.03

0.86

0.37

2.40

4.90

1.03

2.51

Shan

dong

Oth

ers

0.78

1.11

0.93

0.61

4.52

4.94

2.24

2.37

Hen

anO

ther

s0.

850.

690.

480.

762.

545.

051.

212.

48H

ubei

Oth

ers

0.90

0.69

0.52

0.76

2.84

4.50

1.31

2.26

Hun

anO

ther

s0.

650.

820.

510.

362.

214.

531.

152.

38G

uang

dong

Oth

ers

0.24

0.22

0.55

0.53

4.15

4.46

2.84

2.12

Gua

ngxi

Oth

ers

0.53

0.39

0.33

0.41

2.04

4.65

0.97

2.43

Hai

nan

Oth

ers

0.45

0.26

0.28

0.46

2.67

4.60

1.33

2.40

Cho

ngqi

ngO

ther

s0.

360.

700.

510.

323.

334.

441.

282.

26

383 APPENDIXES

Sich

uan

Oth

ers

0.53

0.49

0.44

0.58

2.18

4.52

1.06

2.25

Gui

zhou

Oth

ers

1.46

0.82

0.34

0.65

1.42

4.56

0.55

2.39

Yunn

anO

ther

s0.

890.

500.

330.

492.

144.

630.

852.

45Sh

aanx

iO

ther

s0.

420.

490.

580.

412.

454.

861.

112.

39G

ansu

Oth

ers

0.77

0.62

0.59

0.73

2.58

4.69

0.82

2.23

Qin

ghai

Oth

ers

0.76

0.79

0.74

0.57

2.75

4.73

1.10

2.24

Nin

gxia

Oth

ers

1.60

0.96

0.49

0.66

3.76

4.91

1.10

2.34

Xin

jiang

Oth

ers

0.66

0.93

0.43

0.36

3.42

4.88

1.33

2.34

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.41

0.43

0.62

0.49

6.15

2.95

3.14

1.33

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.81

0.72

0.50

0.63

2.63

5.29

1.25

2.65

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.78

0.62

0.45

0.58

2.87

5.32

1.18

2.72

Nor

thea

st r

egio

nO

ther

s0.

690.

830.

690.

643.

985.

331.

912.

56E

aste

rn r

egio

nC

entr

al r

egio

n0.

390.

560.

860.

716.

122.

643.

131.

25E

aste

rn r

egio

nW

este

rn r

egio

n0.

320.

410.

780.

576.

122.

823.

171.

16E

aste

rn r

egio

nN

orth

east

reg

ion

0.42

0.47

0.69

0.59

6.31

3.97

3.09

1.91

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

reg

ion

0.63

0.69

0.64

0.70

2.62

2.77

1.25

1.15

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st r

egio

n0.

560.

520.

830.

652.

613.

951.

241.

89W

este

rn r

egio

nN

orth

east

reg

ion

1.84

0.82

0.69

1.93

3.54

4.06

1.44

1.93

384 APPENDIXES

Tab

le

H.3

C

arbo

n em

issi

on

embo

died

in

m

argi

nal

trad

e,

capi

tal

stoc

k pe

r ca

pita

an

d pe

r ca

pita

G

DP,

20

10

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Car

bon

Em

issio

n E

mbo

died

in

Mar

gina

l Tr

ansfe

r-ou

t(t

on/R

MB

10,0

00)

Mar

gina

l Tra

nsfe

r-in

C

arbo

n Sa

ving

s(t

on/R

MB

10,0

00)

Cap

ital

Sto

ckPe

r C

apit

a(R

MB

10,0

00)

Per

Cap

ita

GD

P(R

MB

10,0

00)

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Reg

ion

aR

egio

n b

Bei

jing

Oth

ers

0.08

0.18

0.48

0.23

12.5

37.

075.

543.

06T

ianj

inO

ther

s0.

230.

310.

460.

3514

.34

6.99

5.47

3.03

Heb

eiO

ther

s0.

670.

560.

510.

435.

027.

662.

113.

29Sh

anxi

Oth

ers

1.14

0.50

0.25

0.70

4.81

7.30

1.65

3.25

Inne

r M

ongo

liaO

ther

s1.

130.

590.

320.

799.

737.

563.

143.

31L

iaon

ing

Oth

ers

0.56

0.52

0.40

0.61

8.15

7.23

3.38

2.92

Jilin

Oth

ers

0.39

0.91

0.75

0.40

8.07

7.26

2.38

3.11

Hei

long

jiang

Oth

ers

0.44

0.45

0.39

0.59

4.65

7.86

2.30

3.24

Shan

ghai

Oth

ers

0.15

0.21

0.42

0.28

12.8

86.

736.

682.

86Ji

angs

uO

ther

s0.

320.

360.

470.

408.

176.

923.

862.

99Z

hejia

ngO

ther

s0.

210.

240.

530.

318.

426.

783.

953.

09A

nhui

Oth

ers

0.39

0.35

0.35

0.37

3.30

7.56

1.53

3.36

Fujia

nO

ther

s0.

250.

260.

300.

296.

927.

083.

253.

32Ji

angx

iO

ther

s0.

340.

610.

710.

333.

767.

041.

473.

31Sh

ando

ngO

ther

s0.

460.

720.

760.

457.

027.

143.

103.

03H

enan

Oth

ers

0.68

0.52

0.34

0.58

4.68

7.37

1.68

3.28

Hub

eiO

ther

s0.

670.

540.

420.

624.

486.

831.

933.

07H

unan

Oth

ers

0.38

0.50

0.44

0.35

3.71

6.49

1.67

3.01

Gua

ngdo

ngO

ther

s0.

310.

350.

380.

385.

796.

473.

592.

76G

uang

xiO

ther

s0.

480.

350.

280.

424.

226.

581.

393.

12H

aina

nO

ther

s0.

250.

260.

250.

404.

046.

691.

853.

11C

hong

qing

Oth

ers

0.27

0.43

0.42

0.30

5.24

6.51

1.94

2.96

385 APPENDIXES

Sich

uan

Oth

ers

0.46

0.42

0.33

0.48

3.44

6.56

1.56

2.89

Gui

zhou

Oth

ers

0.82

0.57

0.31

0.51

2.45

6.55

0.80

3.08

Yunn

anO

ther

s0.

590.

350.

270.

463.

296.

661.

173.

21Sh

aanx

iO

ther

s0.

300.

320.

410.

355.

327.

051.

663.

16G

ansu

Oth

ers

0.72

0.72

0.44

0.57

2.93

7.14

1.10

3.01

Qin

ghai

Oth

ers

0.53

0.47

0.47

0.61

5.84

6.87

1.56

3.05

Nin

gxia

Oth

ers

1.13

0.94

0.41

0.54

6.70

7.26

1.51

3.11

Xin

jiang

Oth

ers

0.36

0.73

0.32

0.38

5.26

7.36

1.69

3.22

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.32

0.35

0.47

0.36

8.42

5.24

4.05

1.92

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.58

0.49

0.38

0.49

4.50

7.63

1.79

3.47

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Oth

ers

0.57

0.48

0.35

0.48

5.38

7.53

1.79

3.53

Nor

thea

st r

egio

nO

ther

s0.

470.

640.

520.

547.

197.

572.

763.

25E

aste

rn r

egio

nC

entr

al

regi

on0.

310.

450.

640.

468.

394.

524.

061.

79

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Wes

tern

re

gion

0.26

0.37

0.56

0.42

8.42

5.26

4.10

1.75

Eas

tern

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st

regi

on0.

340.

410.

470.

488.

537.

113.

902.

75

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Wes

tern

re

gion

0.43

0.50

0.47

0.53

4.42

5.22

1.77

1.74

Cen

tral

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st

regi

on0.

360.

430.

640.

474.

567.

261.

782.

73

Wes

tern

reg

ion

Nor

thea

st

regi

on1.

270.

660.

521.

256.

987.

412.

282.

81

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