concrete sheet for slope protection in highway embankments

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 2, Mar – Apr 2018

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 283

Concrete Sheet for Slope Protection in Highway

Embankments G. Sai Tejaswini

1, B. Navyatha

2, K. Sai Charan

3, M. Vamsi Krishna

4,

Dr. S. Krishna Rao5, C.V.Siva Rama Prasad

6

1, 2, 3, 4 UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Aushapur (V), Ghatkesar (M),

Medchal (D), Telangana,India 5 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Aushapur (V), Ghatkesar (M),Medchal

(D), Telangana,India 6Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Aushapur (V), Ghatkesar

(M),Medchal (D), Telangana,India

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete sheet is afabric innovative material which

can be workable asprotection layer for various

fields of construction and infrastructure industry. [1]

1.1 Slope protection:

Stone pitching is a conventional method to reduce

erosion. Availability of stones is bearing a

pronounced task. In case in heavy rains, due to loss

of bonding between soil and pitching stones soil

will be eroded because of which the stones will

sink.Concrete sheet diminishes this problematic of

soil erosion by protecting slopes without stone

pitching. This sheet protects the slope in all weather

conditions. This sheet possesses serviceability of 13

- 15 years. This sheet holds numerous uses such as

slope protection, dust suppression, canal and ditch

lining,beam and joist flooring.The core aim of this

project is to deliver effective and innovative

solution which involves very quick implementation,

reducing risks significantly by pegging the concrete

sheet in to the slope.This reduces the occurrence of

destruction of the slopes which in turn fall and

block the road or wash parts of it away.[2]

.

2.Materials[3]

53 Grade OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement): As per

BIS 12269 - 1987 necessities the least 28 days

compressive strength of 53 Grade OPC must be 53

MPa.

Fine aggregate: As per IS 383 - 1970 requirements,

sand is used.

Basalt Fibers: Basalt fiber is a fiber reinforced

polymer which can apply as heat protection. [7]

Gunny Bag: Gunny bag being a jute product is

naturally available, environmental friendly, cheap

and versatile.

Fiberglass mesh: A tidily interlaced product, thin

and strong mesh for water proofing, inflammable,

low weight, high strength which is sprayed with a

PVC coating. [8]

Steel Mesh: Steel mesh is a one kind of metal mesh

made up of steel which is knittable and expandable.

PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) Transparent sheet: PVC,

an artificial plastic polymer usable in construction

industry and also acts as fire resistant. [9]

3.Materials and their Testing methods: Firstly, we have done tests regarding:

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Abstract: This paper explains about the manufacture of concrete sheet with economically available materials.

In this paper, we dealt about the groundwork of concrete sheet for slope protection for highway

embankments. Necessary tests are done to decide the required parameters for formation of the sheet.

Keywords —concrete sheet, slope protection, erosion, fabric material, cement, sand, fiberglass mesh.

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques

ISSN: 2395-1303

a) Specific gravity of cement

b) Specific gravity of fine aggregate

c) Soundness of cement

d) Initial and Final setting time of cement.

Following table depicts the values obtained from

the above tests:

Tests Results

Specific gravity of

cement

3.13

Specific gravity of

fine aggregate

2.65

Soundness of cement 6 mm

Initial and Final

setting time of

cement

Initial setting

time obtained for

32 mins

Final setting time

obtained for 560

mins

Table 1: Tests conducted and their results

4. Methodology: Firstly, we have started our project with a basic step

“Determining compressive strength as per our

necessities”. We have prepared cement cubes i.e.,

mixture of OPC 53 grade cement and sand in the

nominal design proportion of 1: 1.5 and 0.60 as

water- cement (w/c) ratio. Once the cement cubes

(7cm x 7 cm x 7cm) were prepared, these are

allowed for initial settling time (as 30 minutes) and

final settling time (upto 10 hours).After completion

of final settling time, these cubes were e

from the cement moulds and positioned into curing

tank.Later, compressive strength of these cubes was

tested for 3 - days and 7 - days.

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 2, Mar –

http://www.ijetjournal.org

ine aggregate

time of cement.

depicts the values obtained from

Initial setting

time obtained for

setting time

obtained for 560

Table 1: Tests conducted and their results

Firstly, we have started our project with a basic step

“Determining compressive strength as per our

We have prepared cement cubes i.e.,

de cement and sand in the

design proportion of 1: 1.5 and 0.60 as

Once the cement cubes

(7cm x 7 cm x 7cm) were prepared, these are

allowed for initial settling time (as 30 minutes) and

to 10 hours).After completion

of final settling time, these cubes were eliminated

from the cement moulds and positioned into curing

ive strength of these cubes was

Fig 1: Cement cubes after testing

1. Trails:

Trail i:

Materials: 53 grade OP Cement, Sand, Water, Steel

Mesh and Foam Sheet

Fig 2: Using steel mesh

Trail ii:

Materials: 53 grade OP Cement, Gunny bag, Sand,

Water and PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)

sheet of 1.5 mm thickness.

Fig 3: Using gunny bag

Trail iii:

Materials: 53 OP Cement, Sand, Fiber Mesh and

Water

Fig 4: Using fiber mesh

Trail iv:

Materials: 53 grade OPC, Sand, Water,

and Basalt fibers

Apr 2018

84

Fig 1: Cement cubes after testing

53 grade OP Cement, Sand, Water, Steel

Fig 2: Using steel mesh

53 grade OP Cement, Gunny bag, Sand,

Water and PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) Transparent

Fig 3: Using gunny bag

53 OP Cement, Sand, Fiber Mesh and

Fig 4: Using fiber mesh

53 grade OPC, Sand, Water, Gunny bag

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques

ISSN: 2395-1303

Fig 5: Using gunny bag and basalt fibers

Trail v:

Materials: 53 grade OPC, Sand, Water,

and Basalt fibers

Fig 6: Using fiberglass mesh and basalt fibers

5.Tests and their results: Compressive Strength Test Result obtained for

nominal mix:

Compressive strength after 3 - days

N/mm2 and after 7 - days is 26.53 N/mm

Trail 1:

Result: With the nominal mix design

prepared a concrete sheet of thickness 13 mm.

result, we acquired Rebound Hammer value

25.10 (H) and 25.15 (V) and Compressive str

of 10.57 N/mm2.But we didn’t achieve flexibility.

Trail 2:



trail, the compressive strength value obtained is too

low (i.e., the value obtained after preparation and

curing of cement cubes) which isn’t su

the concrete sheet. We have also noticed that the

PVC transparent sheet layer isn’t compatible with

the mixture of gunny bag and cement mortar.

Trail 3:


prepared a concrete sheet of thickness 7 mm. In this

trial, we have obtained compressive.

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 2, Mar –

http://www.ijetjournal.org

bag and basalt fibers

53 grade OPC, Sand, Water, Fiber mesh

Fig 6: Using fiberglass mesh and basalt fibers

Compressive Strength Test Result obtained for

days is 15.306

26.53 N/mm2

: With the nominal mix design, we’ve

a concrete sheet of thickness 13 mm. As a

result, we acquired Rebound Hammer value of

ompressive strength

.But we didn’t achieve flexibility.


a concrete sheet of thickness 7 mm. In this

the compressive strength value obtained is too

preparation and

curing of cement cubes) which isn’t sufficient for

We have also noticed that the

PVC transparent sheet layer isn’t compatible with

the mixture of gunny bag and cement mortar.

With the nominal mix design, we’ve


Strength as 14.14 N/mm2

(3

strength of cement cubes) and rebound hammer

value as 22.60 (H) and 19.00 (V). But, using of

fiber mesh constantly isn’t economical.

Trail 4:



trail, we’ve prepared the cement cubes and

immersed them into the curing tank and obtained a

3 - day compressive strength of 13.94

with the materials mentioned we’ve prepared a

concrete sheet and gained a rebound hammer value

of 22.30 (H) and 18.56 (V).

Trail 5:



this trail, we attained a compressive strength of

15.88 N/mm2

and rebound hammer value as 25.34

(H) and 21.63 (V).

5.1 Trails Conclusion: Finally, materials used up for the development of

concrete sheet are as follows:

53 grade OPC, Sand, Water, Gunny bag

fibers.

6.Conclusion: This project illustrates that it’s a good material for

use at temporary as well as permane

especially in slope protection, lining of ditches and

tunnels and construction of military runways.

It is specially used in where the wor

very difficult and also for emergency works

This sheet holds numerous implementations

slope protection, dust suppression, canal and ditch

lining, sheeting for beams and joists in a building.

References: [1]www.concretecloth.com

[2]Concrete cloth by V. Vedha Narayanan

[3]Modification of Revolutionary Product Concrete

Cloth byAssociate Prof. Shibi Verghese, Aswany B

S, Diptilu Thalai, Meenu Mohan, Rudolf Mathews

[4]Study of Canvas Concrete in Civil Engineering

Works by Maqbool Akhtar and

Dangi

[5] Study of concrete cloth in civil engineering

constructions works by G Anjaneyulu

Apr 2018

Page 285

(3 - day compressive

es) and rebound hammer

22.60 (H) and 19.00 (V). But, using of

isn’t economical.

With the nominal mix design, we’ve


trail, we’ve prepared the cement cubes and

immersed them into the curing tank and obtained a

day compressive strength of 13.94 N/mm2. Later,

with the materials mentioned we’ve prepared a

concrete sheet and gained a rebound hammer value


a concrete sheet of thickness 7 mm. In

ained a compressive strength of

and rebound hammer value as 25.34

Finally, materials used up for the development of

, Gunny bag and Basalt

This project illustrates that it’s a good material for

use at temporary as well as permanent purposes

ion, lining of ditches and

nstruction of military runways.

It is specially used in where the workmanship is

emergency works.

This sheet holds numerous implementations such as

ust suppression, canal and ditch

sheeting for beams and joists in a building.

crete cloth by V. Vedha Narayanan

Modification of Revolutionary Product Concrete

Associate Prof. Shibi Verghese, Aswany B

S, Diptilu Thalai, Meenu Mohan, Rudolf Mathews

Study of Canvas Concrete in Civil Engineering

Works by Maqbool Akhtar and Rajendra Singh

tudy of concrete cloth in civil engineering

constructions works by G Anjaneyulu

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 2, Mar – Apr 2018

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 286

[6]Revolution in construction: Concrete Cloth by

Hrishikesh R. Kane, Devesh Warhade and P.S.

Randive

[7] Hancock, Paul and Skinner, Brian “basalt” The

Oxford Companion to the Earth, 2000

(Encyclopedia.com)

[8]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass_mesh

[9]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chlori

de.

concrete sheet for slope protection in highway embankments

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