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Page 1: Conditional clauses

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

English for Bachillerato

JJSE 2

013

Page 2: Conditional clauses

What are Conditional Clauses?

Las oraciones condicionales contienen una oración principal y una oración subordinada.

La oración subordinada se caracteriza porque comienza con una de estas conjunciones:IF [si…]UNLESS [si no…]WHETHER (… OR) [si (… o si)]

Page 3: Conditional clauses

Subordinate Sentence

La oración subordinada se reconoce porque comienza con la conjunción = if / unless / whether.

La subordinada puede ir al comienzo o al final de la frase, igual que en español.

If you need money, …

Page 4: Conditional clauses

Main Sentence

Obviamente, la oración principal es la que no lleva conjunción.

La principal puede ir al comienzo…

I will lend you money

I will lend you money if you need some

Page 5: Conditional clauses

Main Sentence

Obviamente, la oración principal es la que no lleva conjunción.

La principal puede ir al comienzo o al final de la frase, igual que en español.

I will lend you some

If you need money, I will lend you some

Page 6: Conditional clauses

Types of Conditional ClausesHay tres clases de oraciones condicionales:

Uno: las "Reales" o "Tipo I". Expresan un hecho que ocurrirá si se cumple la condición

Condición Resultado

If you pass your exams, I'll buy you a motorcycle.

If John invites me,

If we have enough money,

I'll accept his invitation.

we will buy some new clothes.

Page 7: Conditional clauses

Types of Conditional Clauses

Dos: las "Probables" o "Tipo II". Expresan un hecho que ocurriría si se cumpliera la condición

Condición Resultado

If you passed your exams, I would buy you a motorcycle.

If John invited me,

If we had enough money,

I'd accept his invitation.

we would buy some new clothes.

Page 8: Conditional clauses

Types of Conditional Clauses

Tres: las "Irreales" o "Tipo III". Expresan un hecho que ocurrió (sin deber haber ocurrido) o no ocurrió (y debió haber ocurrido)

Condición Resultado

If you had passed your exams, I would have bought you a motorcycle.

If John had invited me,

If I hadn't met Peggy,

I'd have accepted his invitation.

I wouldn't have told her the news.

Page 9: Conditional clauses

Conditional ClausesTenemos que aprender los tiempos verbales que se emplean en cada tipo. Podemos seguir el ejemplo del español, ya que la relación es idéntica.

Condición: PRESENT SIMPLE Resultado: FUTURE SIMPLE

If you pass all your exams, I'll buy you a motorcycle.

If John invites me,

If we have enough money,

I'll accept his invitation.

we will buy some new clothes.

TIPO I o REALES

Page 10: Conditional clauses

Conditional Clauses

Condición: PAST SIMPLE Resultado: WOULD

If you passed all your exams, I would buy you a motorcycle.

If John invited me,

If we had enough money,

I'd accept his invitation.

we'd buy some new clothes.

TIPO II o PROBABLES

Page 11: Conditional clauses

Conditional Clauses

Condición: PAST PERFECT Resultado: WOULD HAVE + -ED

If you had passed all your exams, I would have bought you a motorcycle.

If John had invited me,

If I hadn't met Peggy,

I'd have accepted his invitation.

I wouldn't have told her the news.

TIPO III o IRREALES

Page 12: Conditional clauses

CONDITIONAL CLAUSESOtros tipos

Page 13: Conditional clauses

Derived Conditionals.

Basadas en las Condicionales Reales o del Tipo I, tenemos muchas posibilidades. Primero, variaciones de la oración principal

Dado que la construcción es idéntica al español, no es necesario aprender cada tipo.

(a) if – <present> + may/might (posibilidad)If the fog gets thicker the plane may /might be diverted. (Quizá el avión será desviado.)

Page 14: Conditional clauses

Derived Conditionals.(b) if – <present> + may/can (permiso)If your documents are in order you may/can leave at once Si tus documentos están en regla puedes irte inmediatamente

o can (permiso o posibilidad)If it stops snowing we can go out. (permiso o posibilidad) Si deja de nevar podemos/podremos salir

(c) if – <present> + must, should o cualquier expresión de mando, ruego o consejoIf you want to get a raise you must/should work harder. Si quieres un ascenso debes/deberías trabajar más.

Page 15: Conditional clauses

Derived Conditionals.(d) if – <present> + otro <present tense>se usa para expresar un resultado automático o habitual:If you heat ice it turns to water. (will turn es también posible.)If there is a shortage of any product prices of that product go up.

(e) Cuando if significa lo mismo que as/since, hay varias posibilidades en la oración principal:Ann hates London. –If she hates it why does she live there? She ought to move out.Por supuesto, ésta no es una auténtica oración condicional (Dado que/ Ya que odia Londres…).

Page 16: Conditional clauses

Derived Conditionals.

Segundo, variaciones de la oración subordinada

En vez de if – <present tense>, podemos tener:(a) if – present continuous, para indicar una acción presente o un acuerdo futuro:If you are waiting for a bus (present action) you'd better join the queue.If you are looking for Peter (present action) you'll find him upstairs.If you are staying for another night (future arrangement) I'll ask the manager to give you a better room.

Page 17: Conditional clauses

Derived Conditionals.

(b) if – <present perfect>If you have finished dinner I'll ask the waiter for the bill.If he has written the letter I'll post it.If they haven't seen the museum we'd better go there today.

Page 18: Conditional clauses

End of Part One