conditionals (ingles )

8/3/2019 Conditionals (Ingles )

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Conditionals I, II, and III

PRESENTED BY : CRISTIAN

CAMILO SIERRA 1105



IF and THEN Clauses

• Conditional sentences have at least twoclauses: IF clauses and THEN clauses.

• Examples:

If I go into town tomorrow, then I will see amovie.

If he spoke Chinese, then he would work as aguide in China.

If they had been faster, then they would havewon the race.



IF Clauses (the condition)

• IF clauses present the condition.

• Examples:If I go into town tomorrow…

If he spoke Chinese…

If they had been faster…



THEN Clauses (the results)

• THEN clauses present the results.

• Examples:… then I will see a movie.

…. then he would work as a guide in China.

… then they would have won the race.



IF and THEN Clauses

• The word “then” is optional, but the clause

is still the result of the condition. So it is a“THEN” clause, without the word “then.”

• There are special rules for leaving out theword “if”. We will learn them later.



Remember:

• The four words that NEVER (well, almost

never) appear in the IF clause are:

will, won’t, would, wouldn’t

• Example:If we will see it, we will be angry.



Conditional I(present/future – possible)

• When something ispossible now or in thefuture

• Form:

If (present) then will V.

• Example:

If she studies, she willpass the geography test.(It is possible !!)



Unless

• Unless = if not

• Example:If we don’t finish soon, we will miss the train.

Unless we finish soon, we will miss the train.



Temporals

• Temporals are time expressions.(Examples: before, until, after, by the time, etc.)

• When they refer to the future, they are likeConditional I: Temporal (present), will V.

• Examples:Until he arrives, I will read a book.

They will make a cake before they go.



Conditional II(present/future – impossible)

• When something is NOTpossible now, or in thefuture.

• Form:If (past) then would V.

• Example:

If he spoke Chinese, hewould work as a guidein China. (Fact: Hedoesn’t speak Chinese,

so it’s impossible.)

The Great Wall of ChinaWith permission fromwww.adcsoft.com/bjigsawpictures.html



Special Rules for Conditional II

• “To be” is always “were”

Example: If he were here, he would do it.

(Fact: He’s not here, so it’s impossible.)

• You can drop the “if” by moving the “were”

to the front.Example: Were he here, he would do it.



wish + (past)

• Unlike a hope (which is possible), a wish usually will not come true. In general, youwish for a miracle, something that is

impossible.

• Examples:

I wish I were in Costa Rica. (I’m not there.)

He wishes he spoke Chinese. (He doesn’t.)



would rather

• “Would rather” is like Conditional II, wishing for something that is probably impossible.

• Form: Subject 1 would rather subject 2 (past).Example: I would rather he came right now.(Fact: He probably won’t.)

• would rather = ‘d rather

Example: I’d rather he came right now.



Conditional III(past – impossible)

• “Making believe” about the past, assumingsomething that wasn’t true

• Form:

If had V3rd, then would have V3rd.

• Example:

If we had studied, we would have passed theexam. (Fact: We didn’t study and we didn’t pass

the exam.)



Where does the “not” go?

• If the girl had not looked both ways whenshe crossed the street, a car would have hit her. (Fact: She did look both ways, so a

car did not hit her.)

• If the boys had practiced more, theywould not have lost the game. (Fact:They did not practice enough, so they lostthe game.)



Special Rules for Conditional III

• You can drop the “if” by moving the “had” to the

front.

• Example:

If he had been there, we would have done it.

Had he been there, we would have done it.

• Be careful !! Although you are starting with a

“little verb”, this is not a question !!



Good Luck !!Just remember to ask yourself:

1) Is the situation

possible orimpossible?

2) Is the situation in thepast or in thepresent/future?



Remember !!

The four words that NEVER (well, almost

never) appear in the IF clause are:

will, won’t, would, wouldn’t



The End

conditionals (ingles )

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