conduct a defense by a platoon conduct a defense by a platoon task 071-430-0006 ref. fm 71-1, 7-7,...
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Conduct a Defense by a Platoon
Conduct a Defense by a Platoon
Task 071-430-0006Task 071-430-0006Ref. FM 71-1, 7-7, 7-7J, 7-Ref. FM 71-1, 7-7, 7-7J, 7-88Instructor:Instructor:
Prepare to learn…Prepare to learn…TASK: Conduct a Defense by a platoon
Conditions: Given a specified area to defend, a platoon with TOE equipment, and a requirement to defend that area.
Standards: Engaged the enemy threat IAW the defensive plan, fires controlled, retained terrain, and destroyed or repelled the threat.
TERMS FOR THE CLASS:TERMS FOR THE CLASS:
OP’sOP’s
OBSERVATION POST LP/OP LISTENING POINT OBSERVATION
POST
OPFOROPFOR
OPPOSING FORCES
CPCP
COMMAND POST
ANTI ARMOR WEAPONSANTI ARMOR WEAPONS
SUCH AS MK-19 AT4 50cal M203
DEAD SPACEDEAD SPACE
ANY AREA THAT OFFERS ENEMY COVER OR CONCEALMENT, (most often used in association with range cards)
FPLFPL
FINAL PROTECTIVE LINE THE LINE YOU DON’T WANT THE ENEMY TO
CROSS
INTERLOCKING FIRESINTERLOCKING FIRES
A SYSTEM WHERE FIRE SECTORS LINK TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO ANYONE ATTEMPTING TO GET INTO YOUR PERIMETER
EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE WHEN APPLIED CORRECTLY
SECTOR OF FIRESECTOR OF FIRE
A POSITION ASSIGNED TO A POSITION THAT GIVES IT A “SLICE” OF THE PERIMETER THAT IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
ENGAGING OUT OF YOUR SECTOR COULD LEAD TO FRIENDLY FIRE SITUATIONS
INDIRECT FIREINDIRECT FIRE
USUALLY A SHELL OR OTHER EXPLOSIVE DEVICE LAUNCHED ON YOUR POSITION FROM A COMFORTABLE DISTACE AWAY
THESE ATTACKS ARE RARELY IF EVER COUNTER ATTACKED
THE ONLY DEFENSE IS TO MOVE LOCATIONS
AVENUE OF APPROACHAVENUE OF APPROACH
THE PATH OR AREA THAT YOU THINK THE ENEMY WILL USE
OFTEN REFFERED TO AT “THE MOST LIKELY AVENUE OF APPROACH”
NEVER USE THIS AVENUE IF POSSIBLE
RECONNOITERRECONNOITER
LONG VERSION OF RECON, LOOK AT, CHECK OUT
FIELDS OF FIREFIELDS OF FIRE
SERIES OF SECTOR FIRES THAT ARE LINKED TO MAKE UP THE FIELDS OF FIRE
SIT REPSIT REP
SITUATION REPORT ANY UPDATE GIVEN ABOUT YOUR
SITUATION SUCH AS SALUTE REPORT, LACE REPORT,
ETC
DECISIVELY ENGAGEDDECISIVELY ENGAGED
YOUR POSITION IS KNOWN BY THE ENEMY AND IT IS UNDER ATTACK
CLOSE AIR SUPPORTCLOSE AIR SUPPORT
HELICOPTER/JET SUPPORT
DISTIBUTION AND RATE OF FIREDISTIBUTION AND RATE OF FIRE
WHERE WHEN HOW MUCH
LIFT FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRELIFT FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE
CAN ALSO BE CALLED A LIFT AND SHIFT YOUR POINT OF KILL IS MOVED MAY HAPPEN WHEN A LARGE INFLUX OF
ENEMY IS CONCENTRATED IN AN AREAL, OR DURING FLANKING MANUVERS
SHELREP/MORTREPSHELREP/MORTREP
SHELL REPORT OR MORTAR REPORT IT IS A SITREP SENT WHEN YOUR AREA IS
SHELLED
LACE REPORTLACE REPORT
USUALLY GIVEN AFTER A MISSION OR DURING A RECONSOLIDATION PERIOD
LIQUID AMMO CASUALTIES EQUIPMENT
REDISTRIBUTE/RECONSOLIDATEREDISTRIBUTE/RECONSOLIDATE
SEE WHAT YOU HAVE SPREAD IT AROUND SUCH AS: AMMO, WEAPONS, WATER, FOOD,
ANYTHING YOU NEED TO SUCCEED
STANO DEVICESSTANO DEVICES
NIGHT VISION DEVICES STANO IS A COMPANY THAT PRODUCES
NIGHT VISION EQUIP
Organize For PLT DefenseOrganize For PLT Defense
Search area to ensure it is free of enemy, mines, and booby traps
Establish local security Monitor area for NBC contamination Assign sectors to sub elements using the
minimum personnel necessary to ensure the security of the unit area.
Position M8 alarm to provide NBC Warning
Performance StepsPerformance Steps Analyze the mission. Issue a warning order. Make a tentative plan. Conduct a reconnaissance. Start necessary movement or preparations. Complete the plan. Occupy the position. Emplace early warning devices. Emplace hasty minefields. Establish communication systems. Stockpile ammo, water, food, and other supplies. Engage the enemy at maximum range.
FM 7-8, pg 2-3
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Recon 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
The receive-the-mission step is intended to get the planning and preparation process underway by enabling him to prepare and issue a Warning Order as quickly as possible.
FM 7-8, pg 2-4
Begins with receipt of initial WARNORD or OPORD Platoon Leader determines probable mission
Platoon Leader conducts initial time analysis
Receive the Mission
FM 7-8, pg 2-3
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission
2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Recon 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
This enables the squads and other subordinate units to begin the parallel planning process
FM 7-8, pg 2-4
Issue Warning Order
Usually given orally.
Follows the 5 paragraph OPORD format
Includes: Unit’s probable mission PLs initial time planning timeline Any additional information available Initial instructions
FM 7-8, pg 2-3
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order
3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Recon 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
Army’s decision making process for tactical situations at Company Level. FM 71-1, FM 7-8 Continuous process
Make a Tentative Plan(Tools of the Platoon Leader)
FM 7-8, pg 2-8
“If the PL (due to time constrains), is unable to develop more than one COA, step 4 does not apply”
FM 7-8, pg 2-8
Make a Tentative Plan
1. Mission Analysis 2. Course of Action Development 3. Analysis of Course of Action 4. Course of Action Comparison
5. Course of Action Selection
MET-T(METT-TC)
M ISSION ANALYSIS
T ERRAIN AND WEATHER
E NEMY SITUATION
T ROOPS AVAILABLE
T IME AVAILABLE
C IVILIANS
Guides the platoon leader through the decision making process
FM 7-8, pg 2-8
Step 1: Mission Analysis(Analysis of the Mission)
Identify Purpose Specified & Implied Tasks Limitations Identify Mission Essential Task Commanders Mission, Concept& Intent 1 & 2 LEVELS UP
Results in the Restated Mission
Mission Analysis(METT-TC)
M ISSION ANALYSIS
T ERRAIN AND WEATHER
E NEMY SITUATION
T ROOPS AVAILABLE
T IME AVAILABLE
C IVILIANS
Guides the platoon leader through the decision making process
Terrain Analysis(Military Aspects of Terrain)
O bstacles C over and Concealment K ey Terrain O bservation and Fields of Fire A venues of Approach
What is an obstacle? Any natural or manmade obstruction that canalizes, delays, restricts or diverts movement
How are obstacles classified? Existing and reinforcing
Terrain Analysis(Obstacles)
FM 34-130, pg 2-14
Unrestricted: Indicates terrain free of constraints to movement. Nothing needs to be done to enhance mobility
Restricted: Hinders movement to some degree Little effort is needed to enhance movement but units cannot move to preferred speeds or combat formations
Severely Restricted: Hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility
(GREEN)
Obstacles cont’d(Terrain Classification)
(GREEN)
FM 34-130, pg 2-15
An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path.
Mobility Corridor - Areas where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions. They allow military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed.
Terrain Analysis(Avenues of Approach)
FM 34-130, pg 2-18
Any locality or area the seizure, retention, or control of affords a marked advantage to either combatant.
Examples: Terrain with good observation over AAs Terrain providing cover of an obstacle Road junctions or communication centers used for sustainment
Terrain Analysis(Key Terrain)
FM 34-130, pg 2-17
Observation is the ability to see the threat either visually or through use of surveillance devices.
Fields of Fire are areas that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position.
Terrain Analysis(Observation and Fields of Fire)
FM 34-130, pg 2-10
Cover is protection from the effects of direct and indirect fires.
Concealment is protection from observation.
Terrain Analysis(Cover and Concealment)
FM 34-130, pg 2-11
Terrain Analysis
Additional Considerations: Vegetation Surface Soil Drainage Slope Transportation (LOC) Canopy
FM 34-130, pg 2-16
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan
4. Initiate Movement5. Conduct Recon 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
Initiate Movement
May occur at any point in the Troop Leading Process Examples:
Move main body to Area of Operations Send out recon teams Begin gathering necessary equipment Begin rehearsing drills you anticipate using
FM 71-1, pg 2-30
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement
5. Conduct Recon6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
Leader’s Reconnaissance
Plan and conduct leader’s recon for every mission. If recon reveals a change in the situation, the plan must be adjusted accordingly.Recon must avoid detection while trying to confirm or deny the leader’s assumptions.May be conducted at Company, Platoon or Squad level.
FM 7-8, pg 2-9
Leader’s Reconnaissance
The smaller the element, the better the chances are of avoiding detection At a minimum, take a leader from each squad or key element LDR must specify what information is needed to confirm the plan Two types
Long Range-Outside small arms fire Short Range-Inside small arms fire
FM 7-8, pg 2-9
Leader’s Reconnaissance
Leader must determine: His information requirements Priorities of requirements Assets available Security requirements Time available Most critical information needed
Leader provides specific guidance on:
Tasking of troops and equip. Time schedule Special equipment required Likely contingency plans Fire support Withdrawal from the OBJ Linkup plan
FM 71-1, pg 2-32
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Recon
6. Complete Plan7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
Complete the Plan
The Tools of the Platoon Leader and COA become the OPORD
IPB results = Para. 1a. Mission analysis = Para. 2, 1b., Para. 3b., c., & d., and Para 5 COA with analysis = Para 3, 4, 5
Complete a second, more detailed, wargame resulting in the subparagraphs of Para 3, as well as 4 and 5
What is IPB ?
Systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and the environment in a specific area.
Determines the threat’s likely COA
Describes the environment your unit is operating in.
Helps the Platoon Leader selectively apply and maximize his combat power at critical points in time and space.
FM 101-5, pg 5-6
1. Receive Mission 2. Issue Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Recon 6. Complete Plan 7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
Troop Leading Procedures
The order of these steps doesn’t change
Steps 4-7 are interchangeable.
Step 8 occurs throughout the process.
The Process
Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive and Analyze the Mission
2. Issue a Warning Order
3. Make a Tentative Plan
4. Initiate Movement
5. Conduct Recon
6. Complete the Plan
7. Issue the Order
8. Supervise & Refine
Military Decision Making Process
Mission Analysis (METT-T)• Mission • Enemy • Terrain (and Weather) • Troops • Time Available
Development of COA
Analysis of COA
COA Comparison
Selection of COA
Refinement of plan, Integration of CS, CSS, and development of branch plan
Battlefield Visualization
“See the Terrain”
“See the Enemy”
“See Yourself”
FM 71-1 pg 2-10
Occupy the position.Occupy the position.
Establish local security. Locate Ops to make maximum use of long-range observations.
Squad/Team Operates an OPSquad/Team Operates an OP
(Position Ops to provide early warning of OPFOR attack or activity)
*Position within range of supporting small arms fire*Provide early warning out to a range that denies
OPFOR observation or direct fire
Observation PostObservation Post
Provide cover and concealment for the occupant.
Conceal routes to and from Ops Emplace expedient early warning devices Establish coms from OP’s to CP’s (wire
supplemented by radio/messenger)
Observation PostObservation Post
Demonstrate correct use of current challenge and password for personnel
Reposition OP’s at alternate OP sites when required by changing visibility conditions
Occupy the position.Occupy the position.
Establish local security. Locate Ops to make maximum use of long-range observations.
Position key weapons.
Position WeaponsPosition Weapons
Designate Primary, Alternate and supplementary fighting positions for key weapons.
Position machineguns to allow grazing fire along the most likely dismounted avenues of approach
Position anti-armor weapons to cover likely armor avenues of approach.
Position WeaponsPosition Weapons
Ensure positions are mutually supporting along armor and dismounted infantry avenues of approach
Position M203 grenade launcher to cover dead space in terrain outside hand grenade range
Prepare range cards for all machinegun and anti-armor weapons positions.
Position WeaponsPosition Weapons
Improve alternate and supplementary fighting positions as time permits
Prepare Platoon Fire PlanPrepare Platoon Fire Plan
Indicate all machinegun and/or anti-armor weapons plan
Indicate primary direction of fire or final protective for each machinegun
M249 positions have interlocking fires across the platoon front/adjacent units/and cover man made and natural obstacles
Platoon Fire PlanPlatoon Fire Plan
Show sectors of fire for all weapons, and overlap at not less than 40 Meters (within terrain limitations
Indicate prominent terrain features Indicate OP and CP Integrate indirect fire targets if available Complete data section of fire plan
Construct PositionsConstruct Positions
Place fighting positions to engage in designated sector of fire
Cover the most dangerous avenue of approach first.
The range and type of weapon determine the sector of fire
Construct PositionsConstruct Positions
Assign all personnel to a fighting position Physically reconnoiter to the front of each
position to become familiar with terrain and to locate dead space
Emplace Claymore mines Clear fields of fire Prepare range cards Prepare fighting positions
Construct PositionsConstruct Positions
Prepare overhead cover for fighting positions Camouflage position from ground and aerial
observation Stockpile ammunition, food, and water Ensure crew served weapons can’t be seen from
at least 40m to the front
Construct PositionsConstruct Positions
Construct alternate and supplementary fighting positions
Continue to improve fighting positions
Emplace Early Warning DevicesEmplace Early Warning Devices
Platoon early warning system is used, if available (PEWS).
Trip flares are set out Improvised early warning devices can be used.
Emplace hasty minefields and other obstaclesEmplace hasty minefields and other obstacles
These should be covered by observation and fire.
Establish CommunicationsEstablish Communications
Use wire as primary means of Commo if available
Ensure OP’s and subordinate element leaders can communicate with PLT CP
Establish communications between CP and higher HQ
Plan and provide for alternate Commo
Stockpile SuppliesStockpile Supplies
Ammo, water, food, and other supplies. Ensure that materiel is protected from direct fire Ensure overhead protection is provided.
Engage EnemyEngage Enemy
Engage at maximum range Use direct and indirect fires Hit the enemy while at minefields and obstacles Break up enemy formations If enemy assaults, call for FPF of small arms,
machine guns, mortars and artillery
ReorganizeReorganize
Reestablish the Chain of Command Send SITREP to higher Redistribute ammunition Man OP’s, Key weapons, and positions Treat and evacuate injured as nec. Submit casualty reports Update personnel roster and CM
ReviewReview
Analyze the mission Issue a WARNO Make a tentative plan Conduct a recon Start movement Complete the plan Occupy the position
ReviewReview
Emplace early warning devices Emplace hasty minefields and other obstacles Establish commo Stockpile supplies Engage the enemy at maximum range
QUESTIONS?PLEASE ASKQUESTIONS?PLEASE ASK