-fCS-^-^O-Ooi

The Coastal Society Twelfth International Conference

CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGSOur Coastal Experience:Assessing the Past,Confronting the FutureI2S2:

X5:f^

T%

?£

1"*-«-^i^.

a.

I**

^_•^~ w,wvr\j-

i^

if^£

3 ^5l

kOCTOBER 21-24,1990

St. Anthony HotelSan Antonio, Texas

Proceedings

of the

Twelfth International Conference of The Coastal Society

Our Coastal Experience:

Assessing the Past, Confronting the Future

21-24 October 1990

St. Anthony HotelSan Antonio, Texas

William M. Wise, Editor

Copyright © The Coastal Society, 1993

The papers presented here comprise the TCS 12 conference proceedings.They reflect the authors' opinions and are published with minor editorialchanges from their conference presentation. Their inclusion in thispublication does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the editor orTCS.

While these papers may be reprinted for educational usewithoutpermission, proper credit must be given to the individual authors andTCS. Reproduction of these papers for any other purpose requires theconsent of the individual authors.

Published byThe Coastal Society

P.O. Box 2081

Gloucester, MA 01930-2081

1990 Conference Sponsors andSupporting Organizations

Sponsoring Organizations

Espey Huston & AssociatesGalveston Bay Foundation

Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAAOffice of Ocean Resource Coordination and Assessment, NOAA

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAANational Ocean Industries Association

Marine Sciences Research Center, The University at Stony BrookTexas General Land Office

Oregon Sea Grant ProgramU.S. Environmental Protection Agency

National Wetlands Research Center, U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceWorld Wildlife Fund & Conservation Foundation

Supporting Organizations

i Center for Marine Conservation

/ Coastal States OrganizationUniversity of Delaware

Congressional Office of Technology AssessmentEast Carolina University

Galveston Bay FoundationGulf Conservation Association

. Louisiana Geological Surveyi SeaNct Legal Network

Texas A&M UniversityU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Women's Aquatic Network

TCS 12 Conference Officials

publicity, Thomas Bigford & Susan Essiglocal arrangements, Allen Martinfinancial support, Laruiston King

conference coordinator, William Wise

Thomas BigfordThomas BrightRich DelaneyThomas DeMoss

Susan EssigShirley FiskeWilliam Gordon

Ken Hinman

Lauriston KingThomas Kitsos

Geraldine Knatz

Robert KnechtGary MagnusonAllen Martin

Beth Milleman

William Queen

Donald SquiresWilliam Wise

Program Planning Committee

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAATexas A&M University Sea Grant ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

National Sea Grant College ProgramNew Jersey Marine Sciences ConsortiumNational Coalition for Marine ConservationTexas A&M UniversityHouse Merchant Marine & Fish CommitteePort of Long Beach, CaliforniaUniversity of DelawareCoastal States OrganizationTexas A&M University Sea Grant ProgramCoastal Alliance

East Carolina UniversityUniversity of ConnecticutState University of New York

1990 Coastal Society Officials

Officers

Lauriston R. King, PresidentWilliam H. Queen, Past President

Earlc N. Buckley, TreasurerGary Magnuson, Treasurer

Board of Directors

Robert Costanza

Trudy CoxeSusan Essig

Nancy FosterMargaret JohnstonGeraldine Knatz

William Wise

Committee Chairpersons

Donald Davis, MembershipRich Delaney, Policy

William Eichbaum, International

Executive Director

Thomas Bigford

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. STATE OCEAN ROLES

Hawaii and the Ocean

M. Casey Jarman & Kem Lowry 1

Ocean Management Capacity in the Stateof Alaska: Bridging Resources inState & Federal Waters

Jon Isaacs 7

Critique of Ocean Policy Develoment in Washington StateMarc J. Hcrshman 19

Ocean Policy Development in the State of OregonEldon Hout 29

California's Ocean Resources Management (CORM) Program: History,Status, Promise

Susan O'Malley Wade 39

Offshore Louisiana: A Case StudyMichael W. Wascom & James G. Wilkins 49

Preliminary Findings of an Ocean Policy Study in MississippiRichard J. McLaughlin 57

II. PLANNING, POLICY, AND DECISION-MAKING IN THECOASTAL ZONE

Public Trust Tidelands in Mississippi: Implementation of the PhillipsPetroleum Decision

Margaret Anne Brctz 69

Qualitative Analysis of a Coastal Region within a Geographic InformationSystem

Douglas Gaffncy 73

Protecting Threatened Species: Turtles, Technology and PoliticsAlan D. Risenhoover & Lauriston R. King 83

Arc Habitat Laws and Policies Responsive to Coastal Habitat Threats?John R. Hall & Alan D. Risenhoover 97

A Comparison of Two States' CoastalWetlands Management: Legal Issuesand Policy Distinctions

J. Owens Smith 109

"Progctto Adriatico": Learning for Planning in the Adriatic CoastCarlo Cencini and Stefano Torrcsani 119

The National Estuary Program: An Innovative Federal-State Approach tothe Design of Estuary Governance Policies

Mark Imperial, Tim Hennessey and Donald Robadue, Jr.... 129

Special Area Management as a BasicMethod for Planning and Guiding theDcveloment of Ecuador's Coastal Zone

Donald Robadue Jr 141

The Effects of Land Use Restrictions on Housing Prices in Anne ArundelCounty, Maryland: A Hedonic Analysis

Rebecca Mctzncr Seter 151

The Gulf of Maine Program: An Ecosystem Approach to Ocean andCoastal Management

David Kcelcy, Peter Underwood, and Melissa Waterman ... 165

An Environmental Policy for the FutureThomas E. Bigford 173

The Fourth Migration: A Scenario for CoastalPlanningin the 21st CenturyNortheastern U.S.?

Donald F. Squires 177

Federal Coastal Legislation - A Comparison of Recent Trends with the PastTwo Decades

Susan Essig 185

Growth Along the Nation's Coasts: A Preview of NOAA's UpcomingReport on Coastal Development

Thomas J. Culliton, John J. McDonough.III, Maureen A. Warren,Timothy Goodspccd, David G. Remcr, Carol M. Blackwell, andDavid M. Lott 195

The Gulf of Mexico ProgramDouglas A. Lipka, Russell E. Putt, Lloyd Wise, Frederick C.Kopfler, William Whitson 209

The Spanish Shores Actof 1988: A New Approach to Coastal ManagementIssues

Francisco Montoya 219

The Texas Coastal Management Plan: A State Initiative for CoastalResource Management

Andrew Mangan 227

North Carolina's Unprecedented Approach to Reviewing Mobil's Plan toExplore for Gas and Oil Off its Coast.

Donna D. Moffitt 237

U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers' Ocean Policy and it's Relationship with theCoastal Zone Management

Laura S. Howorth 245

Assessing the Past and Confronting the Future of Marine Protected AreaDesignation: Analysis of Cases from the U.S. and Ecuador

Amrit Work Kendrick 255

Trust inSources of Technical Information About Coastal Resources Amongthe General Public

Dennis L. Soden, Janet S. Conary, and DeniscE. Cromp ... 263

Assessing Public Opinion RegardingBeach RestorationDennis L. Soden 275

Natural Resource ResponsibilitiesKathcrine A. Pease 281

III. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Plastics in the Ocean: More Than a Litter ProblemKathryn J. O'Hara 291

The Failure of Federal Regulations: An Analysis of Federal Boat SewageRegulations

Maureen E. Eldredgc 303

A Preliminary Comparison of Vegetation and Soil in Healthy andDeteriorating Brackish Marsh, Marsh Island Louisiana

J.A. Nyman and R.D. DcLaune 313

Overview of the First Four Years of the NOAA National Status and TrendsMussel Watch Program

Terry L. Wade, Jose' L. Scricano, James M. Brooks, andBobby J. Presley 323

Buffer Zones: The Environment's Last DefensePeg Brady and Robert Buchsbaum 335

Are CoastalWetlands Better Off as a Result of Coastal Zone Management?Laurie J. McGilvray 351

National Status and Trends Program: National Overview of Trace MetalConcentrations in Coastal Surficial Sediments

Andrew Robertson, CharlesA. Parker, and James Price 363

A Mixing Zone Model for Use with Virginia's Toxics Management ProgramArthur J. Butt 373

The Prescription for Saving Our Coastal WatersSharon E. Dean 383

The Impact of Beach Sand Mining in Montserrat and the Islands of theEastern Caribbean

Gillian Cambers 4°5

The Usefulness of Transplanted Oysters in Biomonitoring StudiesJose' L. Scricano, Terry L. Wade, & James M. Brooks 417

The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP): Plansfor Gulf of Mexico Monitoring in 1991

Kevin Summers, John Macauley, James Clark, John Paul, TomHeitmullcr.and Fred Hollander 431

IV. SCIENCE AND LOUISIANA'S CHANGING COASTALLANDSCAPE

Effects of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Land LossKaren E. Ramsey & Shea Penlami 443

Coastal Erosion and Wetland Loss in LouisianaShea Penland 453

Coastal Currents off an Eroding Louisiana Barrier IslandSteven P. Murray, Myron Young and Mark Wagner 475

Man at Risk in Louisiana's Coastal Zone - The Need for aComprehensive GIS

Donald W. Davis, Randolph A. McBridc,and FarrellW. Jones 485

V. DEVELOPING COASTAL RESOURCES

Useand People's Perceptions of Waterfront Walkways. Three CaseStudies in Wisconsin: Manitowoc, Sheboygan, & Milwaukee

Oscar Herrera 501

Breakwaters for Erosion Control, Waste Management and WaveEnergy

Martin Iorns 511

Assessment of Offshore Sand Bodies for Coastal ProjectsT. John Rowland 519

Physical Model Testing of Harbor Improvements at Olcott Harbor, NYRobert R. Bottin, Jr 529

The Deployment of Floating Breakwaters: Design GuidanceRobert M. Sorensen 539

The EXXON Valdez Oil Spill: What Can Coastal States Do toPrevent Future Spills

Virgil F. Keith 547

Innovative Meansof Acquiring and Enhancing Coastal Public AccessPaul C. Ticco 569

The Environmental/Ecological Aspects of Small-Craft HarborConstruction

DavidBurrage and Edward J. Pullcn 577

Port Development - It's Relationship to Our Coastal ExperienceToni Whitmore 593

Membrane Structures in Water for Fisheries Developmentand Environmental Protection

Takashi Kano, Hirokazu Minami, and Yutaka Honjo 601

Offshore Oil and Gas Problems from International and IndustryPerspectives

Paul L. Kelly 611

Nearshore Berm Site Selection and Construction: South Padre Island,Texas

T. Neil McLellan 629

Distribution Analysis of Heavy Minerals on the Inner ContinentalShelf of Virginia

Hakan Ozalpasan 637

VI. COASTAL HAZARDS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

Evaluating the Impact of a Hurricane on a Local CommunityJ. Frederick Hickerson 653

On the Use of NOAA's Storm Surge Model, SLOSH, in ManagingCoastal Hazards: The Experience in Puerto Rico

Aurelio Mcrcado 661

Pre-Storm Beach Profile Survey Under Hurricane ThreatShang-Yih Wang 671

Vertical Land Movements in Coastal Washington: Implications forCoastal Erosion and Sea Level Rise

Hugh Shipman 681

VII. TOE DYNAMIC COAST

Transport and Movement of Suspended Sediment in a PartiallyMixed Estuary, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, U.SA.

John Althausen 693

Coastal Marsh Nourishment Through Freshwater Diversions inSoutheast Louisiana

Jack Mogcr and Kenneth J. Faust 705

Wetlands Creation as a Treatment for Shoreline Erosion in GalvestonBay, Texas

Edward Seidcnstickcr and Robert W. Nailon 715

On the Loss of Estuarine Bay Areas Due to Barrier Island MigrationDavid Basco 727

Recent Advances in Physical Movable-Bed Modeling at theCoastal Engineering Research Center

Jimmy Fowler 743

Shoreline Determination AlongGently Sloping Shores: AMultidisciplinary Approach

Richard L.Watson, John W. Tunncll, Jr., William N. Lothrop,and Shannon H. Ratliff 755

VIII. COASTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Coastal Management Approaches to Public EducationJohn R. King 757

Marine Extension Programs: Opportunities and ChallengesNorman K. Bender 777

Marine Science Education in American Samoa: A Palagi in ParadiseNancy Daschbach 791

Evaluating Marine and Coastal Education ProgramsJ. Frederick Caslick 801

IX. THE HUMANITIES AND THE COAST

Jack Rudloe's Coastal Wasden: The Living Dock at PanaceaDennis Berthold 809

TheTexas GulfCoast in Fiction: An Uneasy SettingStephen Curley 817

Winslow Homer: English Inspiration to American RealizationPriscilla M. Paton 825

X. LIVING MARINE RESOURCES OF THE COAST

"Dermo" and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Are Yearly Changesin Perkinsus marinus. Parasitism in Oysters (Crassostrea vireinica)Controlled by Climatic Cycles in the Gulf of Mexico?

Elizabeth A. Wilson and Eric N. Powell 835

Life History and Growth Requirementsof the Domoic AcidProducer Nitzchia pungens f. multiseries from Galveston Bay

Maureen E. Reap and Greta A. Fryxcll 843

Salt Marsh Creation in the Nueces River Delta, Texas:Establishment of Estuarine Faunal Use

Barbara F. Ruth, John W. Tunnel, Jr.,and Thomas E. Grahl 853

Life History and Population Dynamics of Spotted SeaTrout in LouisianaDonna S. Wicting and Donald M. Baltz 867

Can Shrimp Release Programs Be an Effective FisheryManagement Tool?

Jurij Homziak 875

The Texas Coastal Aquaculturc FacilityJack Boettcher, William Nicll, and Mike Hightower 887

Aquaculturc in Dredged Material Containment Areas: MultipleUses, Multiple Benefits

Jurij Homziak 891

Alphabetized author information 903