confined spaces.ppt

7/27/2019 CONFINED SPACES.ppt

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Incident and Injury Free

Critical to Life

Confined Space Training

Part One

Rev 00 (July 2007)

PEARL GTL PROJECT


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Slide 1 Introduction to Confined Spaces

All employees required to enter confined or enclosedspaces must be instructed in: nature of the hazards

necessary precautions to be taken

use of protective and emergency equipment

The employer must comply with any specificregulations that apply to work in dangerous orpotentially dangerous areas.


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A confined space is any fullyor partly enclosed spacewhich:

is not a normal place of work;

has a restricted means ofentry and exit; and

may have a dangerous

atmosphere.

This includes:

storage tanks;

boilers and pressure vessels;

excavation greater than 1.5 m;

pits;

pipes;

sewers; shafts; ducts; and

Slide 2 - Types of Confined Spaces


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Slide 3 - Hazards of Confined Spaces

Atmospheric

Physical Configuration

Mechanical

Electrical

Thermal Noise

Vibration

Engulfment or Entrapment


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Slide 4 - Entry Point Hazards

Small Openings make entry and rescue difficult

Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or air lines

Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large openings

difficult to transit

Vertical entry points are fall hazards


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Slide 5 - Physical Configuration Hazards

The use and shape of a space can create hazardous conditions

Use of Ladders & Scaffolding

Wet or slippery surfaces

Uneven bottoms

Bends in tunnels

Narrow areas that can entrap workers

Poor lighting

Use retrieval & fall protection when possible


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Slide 6 - Mechanical Hazards

Some confined spaces have unguarded mechanical equipment

such as:

Paddles

Blades Shafts

Chain or belt drives

All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before entry


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Slide 7 - Electrical Hazards

Electric Shock is a possible hazard in Confined Spaces

Hazard Sources include:

Broken lighting

Electrical sensing devices Limit switches

Level indicating devices

Hazards from equipment taken inside


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Slide 8 - Temperature Hazards

High and Low Temperatures are Hazards

Burns

Heat Stress

Wearing Protective clothing can increase the heat stresson a worker, make sure that you take regular breaks


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Slide 9 - Worker Comfort

Factors affecting worker comfort:

Air temperature

Air velocity though the space

Humidity Radiant heat


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15% oxygen concentration - muscle control is impaired.

10 - 14% oxygen concentration - impaired judgement.

6 - 10% oxygen concentration - collapse, unconsciousness and death.

The flow of air through a

confined space is known asthe ventilation.

Poorventilation can lead toan oxygen deficientatmosphere inside a confinedspace.

The air in your workplace mustcontainbetween 19 - 21%oxygen to sustain life.

Slide 10 - Oxygen depletion

8 - 10% oxygen concentration fainting and nausea.


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Poor ventilation will prevent stale air

and toxic gases escaping from

a confined space.

Carbon dioxide displaces air from the

confined space and reduces the

oxygen levels.

Use forced ventilation if natural

ventilation cannot:

provide enough oxygen; and

remove toxic gases.

Neverenter a confined space unlessit is adequately ventilated and has

been tested for oxygen content.

Slide 11 - Poor ventilation


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Residue can be left behind in the form

ofliquids, solids or gases.

Viruses and bacteria can be foundin confined spaces.

Toxic and corrosive residues such as

hydrochloric acid, caustic sodaand cyanide can be found in processvessels, pipes and storage tanks.

Liquids and sludges can also be aslip hazard.

All contaminants should be cleanedout and removed, if possible,without entering the confined space.

Slide 12 - Contaminants


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Flammable and explosive vapourscan be found inside empty flammable

liquid storage tanks.

Test any confined space you

suspect of containing flammable

gases and vapours to determine

the gas concentration.

Purge the confined space with air

to remove or dilute the gas to a safe

working level.

Neverintroduce a naked flame orspark into a confined space until

the gas concentration has been

reduced to a safe working level.

Slide 13 - Flammable and explosive vapours


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Confined spaces can contain movinginternal parts such as agitators, rakes,

augers, rollers orconveyors.

Confined spaces are often connected to

other vessels, containers and equipment

via pipes and ducts.

Before you enter a confined space you

must check to ensure:

all moving parts are isolated and

tagged to prevent movement; and

all pipes and ducts leading into andout of the confined space are closed,

isolated and tagged to prevent any

inflow.

Slide 14 - Moving parts and piping


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Use either32 volt portable

lighting or240 volt portablelighting with earth leakage

protection.

When using portable electric

tools inside a confined space

make sure they are:

double insulated; and

connected to a

portable earth leakage

protection unit.

Suspend all electric powercables so they do not create

a trip hazard.

Slide 15 - Lighting and electricity


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The Confined Space Entry Permit is

used to record all tests and checks.

It also indicates if the confined space

has been cleared for entry.

Alwaysread the permit before

entering the confined space.

Alwayssign onto the permit before

entering the confined space.

Alwayssign offthe permit as you

leave the confined space.

Neverenter a confined space until a

Confined Space Entry Permit has been

issued.

Slide 16 - Confined Space Entry Permit


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Slide 17 - Controlling Confined Space Hazards

Each Confined Space has different hazards. Hazards can

also change with time and usage. Post signs to warn of the dangers.

Use barriers to prevent uncontrolled access

Develop and use a written space entry program.

Conduct air monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate hazards.

Define acceptable entry conditions.

Monitor entry conditions

Eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry

Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry


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Slide 18 - Basic Confined Space Entry Procedure

All entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must befully qualified

1. Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing

2. Assemble and check equipment

3. Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions

4. Conduct initial air sampling

5. Execute & Complete Entry Permit

6. Station Entry Attendant


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Slide 19 Entry Procedure (continued)

7. Establish Monitoring of Atmosphere

8. Establish Communication

9. Execute Hot Work Permit if applicable

10.Post Confined Space Entry Permit

11. Do a TSTI at the job site

12. Enter Space

13. Postentry debrief if problems were encountered


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Keep access-ways and ventilation

points free of obstructions.

Keep engine exhausts away fromventilation intakes.

Neverstore flammable orexplosive gases or liquids in frontof access-ways.

Neverenter a confined spacewithout authorisation from yourSupervisor.

Ensure that an observeris posted

outside the confined space at all

times while peopleare working

inside.

Slide 20 - Confined Space Safety


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Slide 21 Testing the Atmosphere

Testing the atmosphere:

Verify presence of safe work atmosphere. Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use

Test all areas of a confined space

Top, Middle, Bottom

Check for Explosive & Toxic Gases

Check Oxygen level

Record all readings


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Slide 22 Ventilation

Ventilation:

Consider best of exhaust or supply or both

Provide workzone exhaust if welding

Plan ventilation supply and exhaust paths

Ensure no re-circulation of air supply

Use continuous ventilation

Retest the confined space before and during entry


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Slide 23 Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)

Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)

Lock & tagging ALL electrical sources.

Blank & bleeding fluid lines Disconnect mechanical drives &shafts.

Secure mechanical parts

Lock & Tag all valves


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Slide 24 Rescue Team

RESCUE Team

A Qualified Rescue Team and rescue equipment must be available for entry

into all Permit Required Confined Spaces Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant communication with workers in

the space

Entry Attendant must have source of communication with the Rescue Team


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Slide Confined Space Personnel (Revision)

Safe Working Practices


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confined spaces.ppt

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