conflict and negotiation (ob)

8/3/2019 Conflict and Negotiation (OB)

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Conflict and Negotiation

Presented by

Ahmad Abrar Maula Quraishi


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Definition of Conflict

A process that begins when one party

perceives that another party has negativelyaffected, or is about to negatively affect,something that the first party cares about.


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The Traditional View of Conflict

The belief that all conflict is harmful and

must be avoided.


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The Human Relations View of Conflict

The belief that conflict is a natural and

inevitable outcome in any group.


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The Interactionist View of Conflict

The belief that conflict is not only a

positive force in a group but that it

is also an absolute necessity for a

group to perform effectively.


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Functional Conflict

Conflict that supports the goals of thegroup and improves its performance.


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Dysfunctional Conflict

Conflict that hinders group performance.


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Task Conflict

Conflict over content and goals of the work.


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Relationship Conflict

Conflict based on interpersonal relationship.


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The Conflict Process

A process that has five stages:

1. Potential opposition or incompatibility.

2. Cognition and personalization.

3. Intentions.4. Behavior.

5. Outcomes.


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Exhibit of the Conflict Process

Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Stage V

Potential Cognition and Intentions Behavior Outcomes

Opposition or Personalization

Incompatibility

AntecedentConditions

Communication Structure

PersonalVariables

PerceivedConflict

FeltConflict

Conflict-handlingIntentions

Competing Collaborating Compromising

Avoiding Accommodating

OvertConflictPartysBehavior

OthersReaction

IncreasedGroup

Performance

DecreasedGroup

Performance


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Negotiation (Bargaining)

A process in which two or more parties

exchange goods or services and attempt

to agree on the exchange rate for them.


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Distributive Versus Integrative Bargaining

BargainingCharacteristics

DistributiveBargaining

IntegrativeBargaining

Goal

Motivation

Focus

Interests

Informationsharing

Duration ofrelationship

Get as much of thepie as possible

Win/Lose

Positions ( I cant go beyondthis point on this issue.

Opposed

Low

Short term

Expand the pie so thatboth parties are satisfied

Win/win

Interests ( Can you explain whyThis issue is so important to you?)

Congruent

High

Long term


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The Negotiation Process

Preparation and planning

Definition and ground rules

Classification andjustification

Bargaining and problem solving

Closure and implementation


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Individual Differences in

Negotiation Effectiveness

Personality traits in negotiation.

Moods/Emotions in negotiation.

Gender differences in negotiations.


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Third-Party Negotiations

Mediator

Arbitrator

Conciliator

Consultant


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What is Stress?

Presented by

Ahsan Zia


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Definition

A dynamic condition in which an individual

is confronted with

an opportunity,

a demand,

or a resource

related to what the individual desires and

for which the outcome is perceived to be

both uncertain and important.


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Resources

Things within an individuals control that

can be used to resolve demands.


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The Emergence of Stress

There is considerable evidence that most

managers report feeling work-related

stress, and the recent environment is

making things worse.


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Techno stress

Exploding technology has created the followingproblems for todays employees at all levels:

Loss of privacy Information inundation

Erosion of face-to-face contact

Continually having to learn new skills Being passed over for promotion because

of their lack of knowledge


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Challenge Stressors

Stressors associated with

Work load,

Pressure to complete tasks,

and time urgency.


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Hindrance Stressors

Stressors that keep you from reaching

your goals (red tape, office politics,

confusion over job responsibilities).


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The Causes of Stress

Presented by

Saadia Sadaf


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Potential Sources

Environmental factors

Organizational factors

Personal factors


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Environmental Factors

Economic uncertainty

Political uncertainty

Technological change


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Organizational Factors

Task demands

Role demands

Interpersonal demands


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Personal Factors

Family problems

Economic problems

Personality


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Individual Differences

Perception

Job experience

Social support

Belief in locus of control

Self-efficacy

Hostility


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The Effects of Stress

Presented by

Aneesa Abbas


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Consequences of

Stress Management

Physiological symptoms

Psychological symptoms

Behavioral symptoms


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Physiological Symptoms

According to research stress could create

Changes in metabolism

Increase heart and breathing rates

Increase blood pressure Bring on headaches

Induce heart attacks


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Psychological Symptoms

Stress can cause dissatisfaction and otherpsychological states for instance

Tension

Anxiety

Irritability Boredom

Procrastination


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Behavioral Symptoms

Behavior-related stress symptoms includechanges in

Productivity Absence Turnover Eating habits

Increased smoking or consumption of alcohol Rapid speech Fidgeting Sleep disorders


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Coping Strategies for Stress

Presented by

Shakeel Ahmad


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Managing Stress

Individual approaches

Organizational approaches


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Individual Approaches

Individual strategies that have proven

effective include

Implementing time-management techniques

Increasing physical exercise

Relaxation training

Expanding the social support network


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Time-Management Principles

Making daily lists of activities

Prioritizing activities

Scheduling activities

Knowing your daily cycle


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Physical Exercises

Physicians have recommendednoncompetitive physical exercise, such as

Aerobics

Walking

Jogging Swimming

Riding a bicycle


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Relaxation Techniques

Mediation

Reach a state of deep relaxation

Detachment from body sensations


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Social Support Network

Having family

Having friends

Having work colleagues


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Organizational Approaches

Strategies that management might want to considerinclude

Improved personnel selection and job placement.

Training. Use of realistic goal setting.

Redesigning of jobs.

Increased employee involvement. Improved organizational communication.

Offering employee sabbaticals.

Establishment of corporate wellness programs.


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Wellness Programs

Organizationally supported programs that

focus on the employees total physical andmental condition.


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Summary

The evidence indicates that stress canbe either a positive or a negativeinfluence on employee performance.

Low to moderate amounts of stressenable to perform jobs better.

High level of stress causes theperformance to decline.


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This is the end of the

Presentation

Thank you

conflict and negotiation (ob)

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