conflict between christianity and science- group 5
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Conflict between Christianity and ScienceTRANSCRIPT
CONFLICT BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE
CONFLICT
Strong agreement between people, groups that result of
angry argument
Disagreement between ideas and feelings.
SCIENCE
acknowledges reason, empiricism, and evidence
RELIGIONS
include revelation, faith and sacredness
Biologist Stephen Jay Gould, other scientists, and
some contemporary theologians hold that religion
and science are non-overlapping magisteria,
addressing fundamentally separate forms of
knowledge and aspects of life.
Scientists Francisco Ayala, Kenneth R.
Miller and Francis Collins see no necessary conflict
between religion and science. Some theologians or
historians of science, including John Lennox, Thomas
Berry, Brian Swimme and Ken Wilber propose an
interconnection between them.
IS THERE A CONFLICT?
There is no conflict between Christianity and science
itself. This is because the Christian worldview, which
believes that God created the world with natural 'laws'
and orderliness, is what undergirds the entire scientific
enterprise. For example, inductive reasoning and the
scientific method are based on the assumption of the
regularity of the laws of nature.
FOUR WAYS OF RELATING SCIENCE AND RELIGION (IAN BARBOUR)
1. Conflict. (Warfare)
The conflict model posits science vs religion and
claims that, a priori, either science OR religion is
true and the other is necessarily false.
FOUR WAYS OF RELATING SCIENCE AND RELIGION (IAN BARBOUR)
2. The Independence Model (Separation)
This model assumes that each is an independent,
autonomous field of study or sphere of reality, with its
own unique rules and language. Science has very little
to say about religious beliefs, and religion has very little
to say about scientific study.
“The natural sciences are concerned with asking the
‘How’ questions, where theology asks ‘Why’ questions” -
Langdon Gilkey, Maker of Heaven and Earth.
FOUR WAYS OF RELATING SCIENCE AND RELIGION (IAN BARBOUR)
3. The Dialogue Model (Respect)
A third position on the relationship between science
and religion is that they are best understood in
dialogue with each other. There are issues in both
religion and science which impinge upon each other
and the insights of each are important in reaching
truly human conclusions and responses
FOUR WAYS OF RELATING SCIENCE AND RELIGION (IAN BARBOUR)
4. Integration (Harmony)
This model takes dialogue and conversation much further
and posits that the truth of science and religion can be
integrated into a more complete or full “whole”.
ROBERT K. MERTON
-focuses on English Puritanism and German Pietism as responsible
for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th
centuries. He explains that the connection between
religious affiliation and interest in science is a result of a significant
synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern
science. Protestant values encouraged scientific research by
allowing science to identify the God influence on world and thus
providing religious justifications for scientific research.
HISTORY OF
SCIENCE
Europe of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was witness to an
explosion of discoveries about the natural world — an explosion
known as the Scientific Revolution, in which modern science was
born. What emerged from this intellectual transformation of Europe
was the Enlightenment — an era marked by a supreme confidence
in the power of the rational mind together with an antipathy for
superstition and dogmatism. It became increasingly acceptable to
criticize Christian dogmas such as the Trinity or the role of the
sacraments.
DR. COLIN A. RUSSELL IN THE CONFLICT OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION
- outlines the weakness of the conflict thesis as follows:
1) The thesis hinders the recognition of other
relationships between science and religion
2) it ignores the many documented examples of science
and religion operation in close alliance.
3) it enshrines a flawed view of history in which
“progress” or “victory” has been portrayed as inevitable.
DR. COLIN A. RUSSELL IN THE CONFLICT OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION
4) It obscures the rich diversity of ideas in both science
and religion.
5) it engenders a distorted view of dispute resulting
from other causes than those of religion versus science
6) it exalts minor squabbles, or even differences of
opinion, to the status of major conflict
PROF. JOHN HEDLEY BROOKS’ SCIENCE AND RELIGION
To understand them, one has to see the local
contingent factors in order to understand the
particular social and intellectual situation and its
effects.
WHAT IS IN CONFLICT?
Do we compare 'science' with:
Religion?
Christianity?
Theology?
The Bible?
WE SUGGEST:
Bible with nature (data)
Theology with theoretical science (method)
Exegesis with experimental science (interpretation)
SCIENCE:
METHOD OR
GOAL?
METHOD?
Explanation without recourse to miracle?
GOAL?
Trying to understand what really exists?
Methodologically, 'science' and 'exegesis' are very
similar. No distinctive method divides various
scholarly disciplines in such a way as to make
science unique.
HISTORY OF SCIENCE & CHRISTIANITY
As Brooke shows, the relations between the two have
been a complex mixture of the three models:
Conflict
Complementarity
Interaction
IS THEOLOGY NEVER RIGHT?
This is rather unfair:
Nature (general revelation) provides enormous detail.
The Bible (special revelation) does not.
Nature keeps showing us new pages every few years,
as technology develops new instruments. We have had all of the Bible for centuries.
Still, if the Bible is what it claims to be, then we should see some evidence it is right about nature.
SOME EVIDENCE
Matthew Maury, 'pathfinder of the seas'
S. I. Mc Millen, None of These Diseases
John W. Montgomery, Evidence for Faith
Robert C. Newman, The Biblical Firmament
My PowerPoint Astronomy and the Bible
MATTHEW MAURY (1806-1873)
US Navy oceanographer, he was the first to recognize
oceans as system of circulating currents.
Got this idea from biblical picture of 'paths in the seas'
(Psalm 8:8).
Thinking through what a path does on land (makes travel
easier, faster), he began to investigate travel time by sea.
His massive examination of ships' logbooks led to
making charts for winds and currents.
Came to be called 'the pathfinder of the seas.
NONE OF THESE DISEASES BY S.I. MCMILLEN AND DAVID STERN
God had Moses record guidelines to protect againts
microorganisms long before they were known to
cause disease.
Contagion and Quarantine Leviticus 13:46
Cleanliness and spread of disease Numbers
Chapter 19
NONE OF THESE DISEASES BY S.I. MCMILLEN AND DAVID STERN
Circumcision and cancer Genesis 17:12 "For the
generations to come every male among you is eight days
old must be circumcised, including those born in your
household or bought with money from a foreigner-- those
who are not your offspring."
Life style and health Deu. 23: 12-13 -proper disposal of
human waste Ephesians 5: 17-18 "Therefore do not be
foolish, but understand what the Lord's will is." 18 "Do not
get drunk on wine, which leads to debauchery. Instead, be
filled with spirits.
EVIDENCE FOR FAITH BY: JOHN WARWICK MONTGOMERY MISTAKEN
Are the historical records of Jesus solid enough to
be relied on? -Do the resurrection accounts
establish Jesus claims of divinity?
THE BIBLICAL FIRMAMENT BY: ROBERT NEWMAN
often claimed that the mistaken about the nature of the
sky as solid dome.
it is true that belief in the sky as a solid dome was
common in the ancient world.
the early Greek philosopher Anaximenes of Miletus saw
the sky as a crystal sphere to which the stars were
nailed.
NEWMAN, ASTRONOMY AND THE BIBLE
Compares Bible with ancient ideas and modern
science re:
Size of the Universe
Number of Stars
Support of the Earth
Shape of the Earth
CHRISTIANITY AS A BASIS FOR MODERN SCIENCE
Without claiming any intellectual superiority for the
scientists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods over
their ancient and medieval European predecessors or over
Oriental philosophers, one has to recognize as a simple
fact that 'classical modern science' arose only in the
western part of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries ....
from this point on, anyone with the necessary talent may
help build up science on solidly established foundations.
CHRISTIANITY AS A BASIS FOR MODERN SCIENCE
Scientists from nations whose own culture did not
give birth to anything like modern science have
already made valuable contributions to it. Western
people who have lost all contact with the religion of
their forefathers continue in their scientific activities
the tradition inherited from them. R. Hooykas,
Religion and the Rise of Modern Science, 161
CHRISTIANITY AS A BASIS FOR MODERN SCIENCE
The confrontation of Graeco-Roman culture with biblical religion
engendered, after centuries of tension, a new science. This
science preserved the indispensable parts of the ancient heritage
(mathematics, logic, methods of observation and experimentation),
but it was directed by different social and methodological
conceptions, largely stemming from a biblical worldview.
Metaphorically speaking, whereas the bodily ingredients of science
may have been Greek, its vitamins and hormones were biblical.
Hooykas, Religion and the Rise of Modern Science, 162
CREATION & MODERN COSMOLOGY
For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the
power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He
has scaled the mountains of ignorance; he is about to
conquer the highest peak; as he pulls himself over
the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians
who have been there for centuries. Robert Jastrow,
God and the Astronomers, 116.
SOME CONCLUSIONS
Yes, there has been conflict between science &
Christianity, just as there has been conflict within
Christianity and within science.
No, there is no need to see this as necessary conflict,
so long as one does not define science so as to rule
out the supernatural and miraculous in the history of
the universe.
UNIVERSITY OF
MAKATIPROF. TESSIE TAPIADOR
SAGADRACA
PREPARED BY: GROUP 5
Bautista, Christxia Bantilan, Karen
Carmona, Dennise Ysabel Eltanal, Gerald Liton, Kimberly Yago, Roselie
III-H BSE Soc Stud