conflict of interest statement
DESCRIPTION
Conflict of Interest Statement. I have no conflict of interest related to to this presentation…! Dr. Özen Kaçmaz Başoğlu. 1. SUCCESS CRITERIA IN OBSRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME TREATMENT. Panel: Different Dimensions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disordered Breathing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Conflict of Interest Statement
I have no conflict of interest related to to this presentation…!
Dr. Özen Kaçmaz Başoğlu
22
SUCCESS CRITERIA IN OBSRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
SYNDROME TREATMENT
Dr. Özen KAÇMAZ BAŞOĞLUEge University School of Medicine
Department of Chest DiseasesTurkish Thoracic Society 15. Annual Congress
April 14, 2012
Panel: Different Dimensions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disordered Breathing
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Success Criteria in OSAS Treatment -Outline-
Apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen saturation and
sleep quality
Symptoms (daytime sleepiness) and quality of life
Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities
Mortality
Sleep Apnea Circle
Sleep
Bernardo S. Clin Chest Med 2010;31:203-20
Apnea
Ventilation Arousal
Hypoxia Negative pleural pressure Sympathetic activation
Re-oxygenation
Intermittent Hypoxia
Consequences of OSAS
Sympathetic excitation
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseaseMcNicholas WT. Pro Cardio Dis 2009;51:392-9 & Kent BD. ERM 2010;50:340-59
Oxidative stress
Systemicinflammation
Intermittent hypoxia - reoxygenation
OSAS
Endothelial dysfunc.
Obesity
Metabolic dysfunc.
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Consequences of OSASHypertension
Coronary heart disease
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Congestive heart failure
Cardiac arrhytmias
Pulmonary hypertension
Stroke
Metabolic syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Insülin resistance
Parish JM. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:1036-46
MORTALITY
Patients at Risk for OSAS
OSAS
Type II DM
PHT
Nocturnal arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
Refractory HT
BMI>35
CHF
Stroke
High-risk driver
OSA Task Force (AASM). J Clin Sleep Med 2009;5:263-76
OSAS is a systemic disease…
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OSAS Treatment
Consertavive treatment
Specific treatment
- Oral appliance
- Surgery
- CPAP
CPAP Treatment
1010
Effects of CPAP-Effect on Upper Airway Collapsibility-
Montserrat JM. Eur Respir Mon 2010; 50: 244-66
1111
Effect on Upper Airway Collapsibility
Montserrat JM. Eur Respir Mon 2010; 50: 244-66
Spontaneous breathing
CPAPapplication
Effects on Respiratory Events, Saturation and Sleep Stages
Hirshkowitz MP et al. Semin in Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 26: 68-79
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Effects on Respiratory Events, Saturation and Sleep Stages
74 snSpO2 %66
Our puppy sleeps very well…
1515
Effect on Subjective Daytime Sleepiness
In pts with AHI≥30/h and ESS≥11 → ESS 4.74
points (p<0.001)
Patel RS. Arch Intern Med 2003;163;565-71
Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) 2.94 points (p<0.001)
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Effect on Objective Sleepiness -MSLT or MWT-
Patel RS. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163; 565-71
Sleep latancy 0.93 min (p=0.04)
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Effect on Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life
Weaver TE. Sleep 2007; 30; 711-19
< 2 h users 41% ESS, 33%, FOSQ, 13% MSLT improvement More than 7 h use → no more benefit
n=1493 months CPAP
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Effect on Motor Vehicle Accidents
George CFP. Thorax 2001;56:508-12
210 OSAS with CPAP tx and 210 healthy - 3 yrs follow-up
3-fold decrease in accidents with CPAP
OSAS Healthy
No sleepiness, better QoL…
2020
Effect on Blood Pressure
32 moderate-severe OSAS 9 weeks - CPAP (n=16) and sham CPAP (n=16) [anti-HT (+)]
Becker HF. Circulation 2003;107:68-73 9.9±11.4 mmHg
CPAP
Sham CPAP
CPAP
Sham CPAP
2121
Effect on Blood Pressure
Duran-Cantolla J. BMJ 2010;341:c5991
HT + OSA → 3 months - CPAP (n=169) ve sham CPAP (n=171) (anti-HT Ø) Significant decrease in diurnal and nocturnal blood pressures with CPAP
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Effect on Blood Pressure
Bazzano LA. Hypertension 2007;50:417-23
-1.83 mmHg change in diastolic pressure
16 RCT, n=818
-2.46 mmHg change in systolic pressure
2323
Effect on Coronary Artery Disease
Peker Y. ERJ 2006;28:596-602
OSA
Non-OSA
Development of CHD in 7 yrs follow-up → In 105
OSA 16.2% and in 203 snorer 5.4% In OSA with treatment 4%, in OSA with no treatment
25% → CHD (+)
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Effects on Early Signs of Atherosclerosis
24 severe OSA pts without comorbidity - 4 months follow-up CPAP (+) (n=12) and CPAP (-) (n=12) Decrease in carotid intima-media thickness and pulse-wave
velocity with CPAPDrager LF. AJRCCM 2007;176:706-12
2525
Effect on Heart Failure
Wang H. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1625–31
CHF and moderate-severe OSA (+) (n=37), CHF and snorer
+mild OSA (n=113) - 3 yrs follow-up No mortality in 14 pts using CPAP
AHI<15/h(n=113)
AHI≥15/h(n=37)
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Effect on Arrhytmia
Kanagala R. Circulation 2003;107:2589-94
Control CPAP CPAP (+) (-)
Postcardioversion pts with AF/flutter - 1 yr follow-up Control (n=79), CPAP (+) (n=12) ve CPAP (-) (n=25) Recurrence of AF 53%, 42% and 82%, respectively
2727
Effect on Pulmonary Artery Pressure
12 weeks CPAP, 12 weeks sham CPAP (cross-over)
Arias MA. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1106-13 Sham CPAP CPAP
OSAS Control(n=23) (n=10)
29.8 mmHg 23.4 mmHg
28.9 mmHg → 24.0 mmHg
23 OSAS (10 with PH), 10 control (no PH)
2828
Effect on Stroke
Martinez-Garcia MA. ERJ 2012;39:906-12
p<0.01
166 pts with stroke+OSA - 7 yrs follow-up 89 deaths during follow-up (52% in pts with no CPAP tx
2929
Effect on Insulin Sensitivity
Lam JCM. ERJ 2010;35:138-45
61 moderate-severe OSA
without comorbidity → 1
week - sham CPAP (n=31),
CPAP (n=30) In CPAP group, insulin
sensitivity ↑ in 1 week In CPAP group with
BMI≥25, insulin sensitivity ↑
in 12 weeks
3030
Effect on Mortality
Marin JM. Lancet 2005;365:1046-53
Healthy (n=264), primary snoring (n=377), mild-moderate OSA (n=403), severe OSA (n=235), severe OSA with CPAP use (n=372) - 10 yrs follow-up 3-fold ↑ in fatal&non-fatal CVS events in pts without tx
Non
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Fat
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Other Effects Reduction in inflammatory changes
and sympathetic activation
Improvement in cognitive function
Decrease in nocturia
Enhancement in erectil dysfunction
Decrease in epilepsy seizures
Reduction in adverse effects of
bariatric surgery
Montserrat JM. Eur Respir Mon 2010; 50: 244-66
Comorbidities are better…
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Recommended Procedures in CPAP Follow-up CPAP adherence
Mask leaks
Information about AHI
Weight and habits
Evaluation of daytime sleepiness with ESS
Improvement in sleep and symptoms
Adverse effects
Blood pressure if patient had HT
Secondary effects of treatmentMontserrat JM. Eur Respir Mon 2010; 50: 244-66
3434
What are the Success Criteria in OSAS Treatment?
Apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen saturation
Symptoms (daytime sleepiness), quality of sleep
and life
Blood pressure
Other cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities
Mortality
ALL
Thanks…