conformity and deviance
TRANSCRIPT
Conformity and Deviance
Conformity• behavior in accordance with socially accepted
conventions or standards
• The anticipated behavior to follow.
• is the desire to go along with the norms of agroup of people, so you will be accepted as anin-group person (and not rejected as an out-group undesirable person).
Deviance• departing from usual
or acceptedstandards, especiallyin social or sexualbehavior.
• A behavior thatviolates expectedrules and norms
Variety of Deviance
“What is deviant to one group may not be considered deviant to another.”
1. The study of why people violates laws or norms
2. The study of how society reacts to this violations
• was an Italiancriminologist andphysician, founderof the ItalianSchool ofPositivistCriminology, oftenreferred to as thefather ofcriminology
• Theory of anthropologicalcriminology essentially stated thatcriminality was inherited, and thatsomeone "born criminal" could beidentified by physical (congenital)defects, which confirmed a criminalas savage or atavistic.
criminals had :• less sensibility to pain and touch;• more acute sight;• a lack of moral sense, including an
absence of remorse;• more vanity,• impulsiveness,• vindictiveness, and cruelty; and other
manifestations, such as a specialcriminal argot and the excessive use oftattooing.
Deviance and the Social
Paradigms BasicAssumptions
Basis ofInterpretation
StructuralFunctionalism
Deviancepromotesunity, servesas a moralcompass, andprovidesopportunitieswhere thereare none.
Devianceperformsimportantfunctions inthe overalloperations ofsociety
Paradigms BasicAssumptions
Basis ofInterpretation
HistoricalConflict
Deviance is aresult ofunequaldistribution ofsocialdesirables andlife chances.
Is a form ofcivic action. Itaims to rectifythe unfair andunjustsyndromes ofsocialinequality.
Paradigms BasicAssumptions
Basis ofInterpretation
CriticalInterpretivism
Is a result of theexercise ofpower. Symbolsand ideas aremanipulated bypowerful peoplein the society inorder to protecttheir economicand politicalinterest
We are helpingthese entitiesmaintain theirprivilegedpositions insociety
Theoretical Interpretations of Deviance
Structural Strain Theory
• Offered a “side-by-side” formulation ofconformity anddeviance.
• He developed thestructural strain theory
Robert
Merton
• Strain refers to the discrepanciesbetween culturally defined goals and theinstitutionalized means available toachieve these goals.
• This theory traces the origins ofdeviance to the tensions that arecaused by the gap between culturalgoals and the means people haveavailable to achieve those goals
• Culture- establishes goals for people
• Social structure-provides (or fails toprovide) the means for the people toachieve those goals.
CONFORMISTS
• a person who conforms to accepted behavioror established practices.
RITUALIST
• A person who do not believe in theestablished cultural goals of society,but they do believe in and abide by themeans for attaining those goals.
INNOVATORS
• Are those individuals that accept thecultural goals of society but reject theconventional methods of attaining thosegoals
RETREATISTS
• Who reject both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those
goals
REBELS
• They are not only reject both theestablished cultural goals and theaccepted means of attaining those goals
• They substitute new goals and newmeans of attaining these goals
Labeling Theory
• explains why people's behavior clasheswith social norms.
• holds that deviance is not inherent to anact, but instead focuses on the tendencyof majorities to negatively label minoritiesor those seen as deviant from standardcultural norms.
• Labeling theory holds that deviance is not
inherent to an act, but instead the result of
the externally-imposed label of "deviant".
• Labeling theory takes the view that
people become criminals when labeled as
such and when they accept the label as a
personal identity.
Social Control Theory
-developed by Travis Hirschi
-according to this theory, people care about
what others think of them and conform to
social expectations because their
attachments to others and what others
expect of them
• -this theory also suggests that most
people probably feel some impulse
towards deviant behavior at some time,
but their attachment to social norms
prevents them from actually participating
in deviant behavior.
Social Control and Deviance
“effective socialization makes conformity an
internally driven motivation, while
externally driven conformity always
engages the mechanisms of social control”
Refers to the idea that a person has the innate right to be valued, respected,
and treated well.
Are legal, social, and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving
of liberties and protection by virtue of his or her human being
Are founded on natural rights,which are universal andinalienable, and are notcontingent on laws, customs,beliefs, or values of a particularculture.
The pursuance of the common good should
not be a cause for the violation of rights of
individual…