Other aspects ofconnected speech

Prof. Ung Kim SrongBy Kak Sovanna, Mr. Soun Ngoun Y, MA in English

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contents

Why “other” aspects of connected speech? Assimilation Elision Linking and intrusion Juncture Contraction Should we teach these aspects of connected

speech?

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Introduction

English people speak so fast When students see a spoken sentence in

its written form, they have no trouble comprehending. Why is this?

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Assimilation

Describing how sounds modify each other when they meet, usually across word boundaries, and within a words is assimilation.

Common phonological process by which one sound becomes more like a nearby sound.

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Rules for Assimilation

The phomens /t/, /d/, and /n/ often become bilabial before bilabial consonant /p/, /b/, and /m/. He’s a rather fat boy. /t/ to /p/ He’s very good boy. /t/ to /b/ There are ten men in the class. /n/ to

/m/

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Rules for Assimilation 1

/t/ assimilates to /k/ before /k or /g/. /d/ assimilates to /g/ before /k/ of /g/

Where has that cat been all night? Can you see that girl over there? It was very good concert.

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Rules for Assimilation 2

/n/ assimilates to /ŋ / before /g/ or /k/ I’ve been going out too much lately. He’s bringing his own car.

/s/ can assimilate to / / before / /ʃ ʃ I am really like this shiny one over there.

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Rules for Assimilation 3

/z/ can assimilate to / / before / /ʒ ʃ We found this lovely cheese shop here.

Coalescent assimilation /t/ and /j/ coalesce to form /t /ʃ You went to France last year. /d/ and /j/ coalesce to /d /ʒ Would you like a cup of tea?

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Elision

Elision is very simply the omission of certain sounds in certain contexts.

Elision describe the disappearance of a sound. He leaves next week. /nekt wi:k/

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Rules for Elision 1

/t/ and /d/ when they appear between a consonant cluster. We arrived the next day. →elided

between /ks/ and /d/. We stopped for lunch. →elided /p/ and

/f/. We reached Paris.

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Rules for Elision 2

Complex consonant clusters are simplified She acts like she owns the place.

→/ækts/ simplified to /æks/. Teachers use authentic texts. →/tekst

simplified to /teks/

ækt

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Rules for Elision 3

/ə/ can disappear in unstressed syllables. I think we should call the police → / ə /

can disappear in the first syllable of police.

I’ll love you forever. Are you coming out tonight.

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Rules for Elision 4

/v/ can disappear in of, before consonants. My birthday’s on the 11th of November. It’s a complete waste of time. That’s the least of my worries.

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Linking and intrusion

When two vowel sounds meet, Speakers link them in various way. Linking /r/ Rhotic accents generally pronounce the

"r" sound in all contexts, such as car/ carve.

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Linking and intrusion 1

Intrusive /r/ Where two vowels sounds meet and

there is no written letter r, speakers with non-rhotic accents witll often introduce the /r/ phoneme to ease the transition.

This happens when the first word end in /ə/, /a:/, or / :/.ɔ

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Linking and intrusion 2

Example: I saw it happen. The media are to blame Law and order

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Linking and intrusion 3

Linking /j/ When a word ends in /i/, or a dipthong

which finishes with [I], speakers often introduce a /j/ to ease the transition to the following vowel sound:

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Linking and intrusion 4

Example: I agree, wholeheartedly. /aijə/ I am, therefore, I ought to be.

This happens because in order to forms /i:/ and /r/, the mouth is in more or less the same position as it is for the start of the semi-vowel /j/.

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Linking and intrusion 5

Linking /w/ When a word ends in /u:/, or a dipthong

which finishes with / /, speakers often ʊintroduce a /w/ to ease the transition to a following vowels sound:

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Linking and intrusion 6

Example: Go on! Go in! /gə win/ʊ Are you inside, or Are you outside?

This happens because in order to form /u:/ and / /, the mouth is in more or less the ʊsame position as it is the start of the semi-vowel /w/.

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Juncture

Try to say this sentence: I scream, you scream, and we all

scream for ice-scream. Juncture is a pause in speech or a feature

of pronunciation that introduces, accompanies, or replaces a pause.

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Juncture 1

The differences in the length of vowel sounds, variations in degrees of syllable stress, differently timed articulation of the consonant sounds and allophonic variations. That’s my train. It might rain. The great apes

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Contractions

Constractions occur where two words combine to the extent that the two are pronounced as one word, or one syllable. I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, we’re I’m not, you aren’t, we aren’t Can’t Would’ve

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Should we teach these aspects of connected speech?

Stress and intonation can help students to better understanding of spoken English.

Make the students better to understand the language they hear.

Make us know about what age is the best to learn this features.

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Thank You!!!

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