connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time in coral reef fishes serge planes connectivity...
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Connectivity over ecological andConnectivity over ecological andevolutionary time in coral reef fishesevolutionary time in coral reef fishes
Serge PLANESSerge PLANES
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
Connectivity, why is concentrating so much effort…Connectivity, why is concentrating so much effort…
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
• Represents the scale at which populations Represents the scale at which populations respond to the environment.respond to the environment.
• Represents the scale at which species adapt to the Represents the scale at which species adapt to the environment.environment.
• Scales of management can be adjusted to Scales of management can be adjusted to dispersal distances to achieve different dispersal distances to achieve different management goals. For example, the appropriate management goals. For example, the appropriate size and/or spacing of marine reserves as:size and/or spacing of marine reserves as:
• Harvest refugiaHarvest refugia• Conservation sanctuariesConservation sanctuaries
Connectivity and conservation…Connectivity and conservation…Spatial (km2) .
<0.001 >.001 – 10 10 - 100 100 - 1000 1000 – 10,000Scales
Among coralheads withina reef section
Amongsections of a
shore
Among shoreswithin a reef
Inter-island/reef Inter-archipelago
DailyBehaviour/Movement
Patch size ofrecruitment/Movement
Patch size ofrecruitment
Patch size ofrecruitment XXXX
Lunar XXXX
Recruitment/Spawning/Movement
Retention/Dispersal/
Self-recruitment/Recruitment
Retention/Dispersal/
Self-recruitment/Recruitment XXXX
Seasonal XXXX
Recruitment/Spawning/Movement
Retention/Dispersal/
Self-recruitment/Recruitment
Retention/Dispersal/
Self-recruitment/Recruitment XXXX
Yearly/Episodic XXXX
Catastrophe/Extirpation
Extirpation/Range extension/
Gene flow
Extirpation/Range
extension/Gene flow
Extirpation/Range extension/
Gene flow
Climatic XXXX XXXX
Extirpation/Range extension/
Gene flow
Extirpation/Range
extension/Speciation
Extirpation/Range extension/
Speciation
Geological XXXX XXXX Extirpation
Rangeextension/Speciation/Extinction
Range extension/Speciation/Extinction
=> Different processes, different mechanisms, different interpretations
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
Different approaches (genetic)
Genetic approach… (genetic models)Genetic approach… (genetic models)
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
Juveniles
Pelagic larvae
Pelagic larval
Colonization and recrutment
?
stage adults
eggs
Population levelPopulation level=> self recruitment=> self recruitment=> relatedness estimates=> relatedness estimates
Larval flowbetween populations ?
Metapopulation levelMetapopulation level=> gene flow estimates=> gene flow estimates=> Allelic frequencies variation=> Allelic frequencies variation
Species levelSpecies level=> phylogeny, phylogeography=> phylogeny, phylogeography=> mutation from common ancestor=> mutation from common ancestor
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
Speciation and dispersal of speciesSpeciation and dispersal of species
• Several evidences of geographix isolation
Temporal concordance among clade genesis
Temporal concordance in relation with sea-level change
Evidence of allopatry in younger clades
• No sympatry found before 4 My of divergence
• Absence of geographic concordance among clades
=> Overall modern distribution of species is not related to its age => Overall modern distribution of species is not related to its age whatever their dispersal capabilitieswhatever their dispersal capabilities
Population genetic to understand connectivity…Population genetic to understand connectivity…
Connectivity over ecological and evolutionary time Serge Planes ([email protected])
=> No general trend among the several species surveyed GBR, Polynesia : different out comes
=> Assumption of equilibrium in most computations and consider all species on a same evolutionary stage
=> genetic structure cannot be directely translated into biological and ecological outcomes
Paternity approach
• Numerous variable markers
• Collect tissues samples of potential adults
• Collect of new recruits
Need to characterise each individual (microsatellite)
Example:A species case with 10 loci (µsat) (independant, equilibrium, equally frequent)=> the number of potential allele combination is 10(2x10)
….
=> the probability to found 2 similar genotypes is 1/ 10(2x10)
=> Far from most population size at regional area
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10Allele 1 Allele 2 Allele 3 Allele 4
10 10Allele 5
10 10Allele 6
10 10Allele7
The Kimbe bay - The Kimbe bay - Amphiprion perculaAmphiprion percula case study case study
Kimbe Bay case study
Adult sampling
Kimbe Bay case study
A(31)
B(20)
C(10)
D(21)
E(37)
F(1)
G(10)
15
46
12
3
22
2
3
2
9
3
(Total new recruits) Overall selft-recruits66 out of 130 (51%)
Lagoon A: 15 (48%)Lagoon B: 1Lagoon C: 0Lagoon D: 1Lagoon E: 9 (24%)Lagoon G: 1
Main Flux: G-C-B-A
2004
Turae
KapepaKimbe
Wulai
Restoff
Schuman
Kimbe case study
2
1
24
3
7134
3911 59
6%6%
10%10%3%3%