consciousness chapters 5,7 what is consciousness? what are altered states of consciousness?

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Page 1: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?
Page 2: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

CONSCIOUSNESS

Chapters 5,7

Page 3: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

What is Consciousness?

What are altered states of consciousness?

Page 4: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

TERMSConsciousness: a state awareness,

including a person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions (p. 157)

Sensation : What occurs when a stimulus (5 senses) activates a receptor (p. 107)

Perception: the organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences (p. 107)

Page 5: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Consciousness refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings

• Alertness to nonalertness

• Not completely aware = altered state• i.e. sleep

Page 6: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Page 7: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Altered StatesAn altered state of consciousness is

associated with either a heightened or decreased awareness of yourself and your surroundings.

Some examples:

Sleep

Hallucinations

Hallucinogens

Hypnosis

Meditation

Page 8: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Sleep – Take the IQ Test

Page 9: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?
Page 10: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

In spite of 80+ years of intensive investigations of the sleeping brain, we still do not know the answer.

Sleeping and dreaming remain among the

greatest mysteries of the human organism essential to life.

Page 11: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Sleep TheoriesWhile the exact function of sleep is unknown,

there are some theories.

According to the evolutionary theory, sleep evolved to conserve energy and protect us from predators.

According to the repair/restoration theory, sleep is thought to be necessary for restorative value, both physically and psychologically.

Page 12: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Sleep - Did you know...World Record – Longest period of time a

human has intentionally gone without sleep (no stimulants)Randy Gardner (1964) 17-years old264 Hours (11 days)Held Press Conference on last day – spoke without

slurringHealth was monitored – negative cognitive &

behavioral changes were reportedAfter falling asleep – slept 14 hours, 40 minutes.

Page 13: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

SLEEP FACTS**BIG IDEA: Sleep is an altered state of

consciousness

We spend about 1/3 of our lives in sleep.

Most adults need seven or eight hours' sleep a night

A cat sleeps for an average of 12 hours a day

Most of our dreams occur during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. We have around three to five REM episodes a night

Page 14: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

MORE RANDOM FACTSNarcolepsy is a condition that causes individuals

to repeatedly fall asleep in the middle of a meal, at the wheel of a car or in mid-conversation

An adult sleeping for eight hours will burn approximately 50 calories

A giraffe sleeps for an average of 1.9 hours a day

Almost two thirds of the population claim they do not get enough sleep

Page 15: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Facts about Dreaming

Although some people insist they NEVER dream, research suggests EVERYONE dreams during the night

In sleep labs, people wakened from REM periods report 80-100% were dreaming w/ vivid & colorful images (even bizarre)

Page 16: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

STAGES OF SLEEP

Page 17: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

REM sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, a high level of brain activity, a deep relaxation of the muscles and dreaming

This is the time when we will dream.

“Active sleep”

15 minutes (beginning of night) to 45 minutes (end of night)

Your voluntary muscles are paralyzed.

There are two (2) major types of sleep

Page 18: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

NREM sleep. This stands for non-rapid eye movement and is the other type of sleep.

Where we spend the majority of our sleep time

Divided into 4 stages (first four)

Decreases in length as nights’ sleep progresses.

“Quiet sleep”

Page 19: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

NREM NREM NREM NREM

Page 20: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?
Page 21: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Yes… it’s this guy again

Page 22: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Circadian Rhythm Circadian Rhythm: the biological 24-

hour process our body goes through

We respond to light by becoming more aware

We respond to darkness by becoming less aware, and gradually altering our state of consciousness

Eventually, your body develops a ‘biological clock’

Page 23: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Problems that can result

from disrupting the circadian clock– Accidents (body prepared for sleep, trying to stay awake to drive, alertness decreases)– Jet lag

– illness

Page 24: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

WHAT HAPPENS IF I DON’T GET SLEEP?

• It can affect immune system

• It can cause you to hallucinate

• You will have less energy

• Your cognitive performance can be affected

Page 25: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Your circadian rhythm for body temperature influences your sleep preferences

Page 26: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Treating Circadian Problems– Melatonin - supplements have been proven to help people sleep

Page 27: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Sleep DisordersDefinition Associated with

InsomniaFailure to get enough sleep at

nightDaytime - fatigue, impaired

concentration, memory difficulty

Sleep Apnea

Repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing

Daytime - exhausted; chances of developing increases when overweight, use alcohol or

sedatives

Narcolepsy Suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day

Daytime – sleep attacks accompanied by REM sleep,

possible injuries

Page 28: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

NIGHTMARES & NIGHT TERRORS

Nightmares – unpleasant dreams occur during REM

Night terrors – sleep disruptions in stage IV; involve screaming, panic, confusion; often no memory of it

SLEEPWALKING

Most common in young children – will outgrow it

Linked to stress, fatigue, drug use

Occurs during N-REM 4

Page 29: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Sleep walking….

Page 30: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Texting and sleep2010 Research – Average teen sends more than 100 texts per day

Major cause of sleep deprivation in teens

Texts may awaken you and decrease sleep

Playing games on your phone before bed can prevent sleep

Study showed that 77.5% of teens that text or surf web at night have trouble falling asleep

Can cause mood, behaviour, and cognitive problems during the day including ADHD, anxiety, depression

Page 31: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

DREAMSEverybody dreams

Often incorporate everyday activities into dreams

FREUD (Dream interpretation): Dreams have hidden meaning/reveal the unconscious

Page 32: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

Dream Analysis TheoriesPsychoanalytical approach (FREUD) – Dreams

reveal our unconscious desires, fears, motivations. Ms. Isaac is most skeptical of this approach

Biological approach – Events or thoughts that occurred that day/week trigger parts of your dream

Cognitive approach - Symbols in dreams provide into what changes you should be made to your life. This approach is also debatable.

Page 33: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

HYPNOSIS

state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility

USES:• entertainment• pain reduction• quit smoking

Page 34: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

MEDITATION

The focusing of attention to clear one’s mind and produce relaxation

USES:• lower blood pressure, heart rate• benefits vary greatly

Page 35: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

DRUGS & CONSCIOUSNESS

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS: chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered states

Stimulants: elevate mood, increase energy & alertness• caffiene• cocaine• Meth

Depressants: slow down nervous system• alcohol• sleeping pills

Hallucinogens: change persons perception of reality• marijuana• LSD

Page 36: CONSCIOUSNESS Chapters 5,7 What is Consciousness? What are altered states of consciousness?

MARIJUANA & ALCOHOL

Marijuana• the dried leaves and flowers of Indian hemp (cannabis sativa) that produce altered states of consciousness• effects vary from person to person, situation to situation• studies suggest more dangerous to lungs than cigarette• disrupts memory formation• psychological addiction?

Alcohol• can loosen inhibitions• despite stimulating effect is a depressant• Can cause brain and liver damage• underage drinking has actually decreased