consciousness: the brain is aware
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topic report for Bio 196TRANSCRIPT
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ConsciousnessThe Brain is Aware Even If You Are Not
Gascon, Ruth Danielle E.Institute of Biology, College of Science, UP Diliman
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“Biologically we are just another ape;Mentally, we are a whole new phylum of organism”
Deacon, T.W. 1997. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton.
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Fundamentals
Processing is possible without consciousness
Attention is a prerequisite
Consciousness is required for cognitive tasks
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Definition
•Everything one is aware•Awake, sleeping, dreams, hypnosis•Awareness, Free will, Reasoning,
Visual imagery, Recall, Choices
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Requirements
•Temporal Duration▫at least 200 ms for awareness to rise
•Attentional Focus•Binding•Salience•Inner Perspective (Ownership)
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Types
Waking Consciousness
•Normal, clear, organized, alert awareness
Altered State of Consciousness
(ASC)
•Different in quality from waking consciousness
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States of Sleep
Rapid Eye Movements (REM)
• Dreaming• Very light sleep• Still body• REM Behavioral
Disorder
Non-REM (NREM) Sleep
• Stages 1, 2, 3, 4• No REM • Body recovery
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Stages of Sleep
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Lucid Dreamers
•Aware that they are dreaming•Control dreams•With memories during lucid dreaming•Aware of themselves
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Lucid as Meta-consciousness
•Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex▫self-assessment
•Frontopolar regions▫evaluating thoughts and feelings.
•Precuneus ▫self-perception
Martin Dresler, et. al. Neural Correlates of Dream Lucidity Obtained from Contrasting Lucid versus Non-Lucid REM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Case Study. Sleep, 2012;35(7):1017-1020
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Altered Mental Status
Inattentiveness
Confusion - disorientation
Lethargy – severe drowsiness
Obtundation - slowed response
Stupor – needs vigorous stimuli
Coma - unarousable unresponsiveness
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Neural Darwinism
•Neuroscientifically based•Dynamic core from neural process,
reentry, linkage•Brain “speaks to itself”
Edelman, G. M. (2003). Naturalizing consciousness: a theoretical framework. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 5520–5524.Edelman, G. M., and Tononi, G. (2000). A Universe of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books.
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Global Workspace Theory
Baars, B. J. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
•Psychological cognition•Highly coordinated widespread
activity•Little dots form big circles
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Global Workspace Theory
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Consciousness is necessarily subjective and internal.
(Metzinger, 2003)
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Primitive consciousness
•Animals lacking linguistic capabilities•Reduced to internal tokens•Language = higher-order
consciousness
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Waking from Anesthesia
•Propofol anesthesia
•Dexmedetomidine as sedative
•Phylogenetically old brain▫Thalamus and limbic
system
1. Restore Primitive
consciousness
2. Higher order conscious
activity
Jaakko W. Långsjö, et. al. Returning from Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012;32(14):4935-4943
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Molecule controls Stroke
•Ephrin-a5•Blocks axonal sprouting ▫new connections between neurons
•More activity, more new connections
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Everyday Clairvoyance
•Mid-brain dopamine system (MDS)▫Ancient system for unexpected
•Substantia nigra▫"Ground zero" for MDS▫Movement and adaptive decisions.
•Predictions from habits, errors
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Attentive but Unaware
•In primates except humans•V1: primary visual cortex •Brain activity▫Shifts in attention HIGH▫Shifts in awareness NONE
•Conscious perception not in V1
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“Biologically we are just another ape;Mentally, we are a whole new phylum of organism”
Deacon, T.W. 1997. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton.