CONSERVATION AGRICULTUREA MANUAL FOR FARMERS AND EXTENSION

WORKERS IN AFRICA

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:073

International Institute of RuralReconstructionAfrica Regional Centre, PO Box 66873, Nairobi, Kenya. Emailadmin@iirr-africa.org, internet www.iirr.org

The International Institute of Rural Reconstruction is a non-profit,non-governmental organization that aims to improve the qualityof lives of the rural poor in developing countries through ruralreconstruction: a sustainable, integrated, people-centred develop-ment strategy generated through practical field experiences. Basedin the Philippines, IIRR has regional offices in Africa (located inNairobi), Latin America (Quito) and Asia (Silang, the Philippines).IIRR’s Africa office is committed to strengthening the institutionalcapacity of partner organizations through knowledge generation,acquisition and sharing.

African Conservation Tillage NetworkZimbabwe office: No. 9 Balmoral Road, Borrowdale, Harare, Zim-babwe. Email actnetwork@africaonline.co.zw, internetwww.act.org.zw

Kenya office: PO Box 14733 00800, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya.Email actnairobi@wananchi.com

The African Conservation Tillage Network promotes the sharingof information and experiences and facilitates the adaptation andadoption of conservation agriculture principles and practices inAfrica. ACT is a Pan-African, international association, involvingprivate, public and non-government sectors, and including farm-ers, input and machinery manufacturers and suppliers, research-ers and extensionists, with an active conviction to promote, sup-port and apply conservation agriculture to ensure viable and sus-tainable agriculture productivity while minimizing or reversingthe environmental degradation that is devastating the continent.Membership is open to any individuals or groups committed tothe development and promotion of conservation farming/tillagetechnologies for smallholder farmers in Africa.

Published 2005 by the International Institute of Rural Reconstruc-tion and the African Conservation Tillage Network

Printed in Kenya by Majestic Printing Works Ltd.P.O. Box 42466-00100 Nairobi Kenya.

Correct citation

IIRR and ACT. 2005. Conservation agriculture: A manual for farmersand extension workers in Africa. International Institute of Rural Re-construction, Nairobi; African Conservation Tillage Network,Harare.

ISBN 9966-9705-9-2

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:074

v

Conservation Agriculture

Contents

Foreword ixPreface xiAcknowledgements xviiList of contributors xviii

1 What is conservation agriculture? 1Why start using conservation agriculture? 5How conservation agriculture works in different types of farms 6Different situations 10Conventional vs conservation 10Effects of conventional farming and conservation agriculture 13History of conservation agriculture 19Conservation agriculture in Africa 20Challenges for conservation agriculture 22

2 Converting to conservation agriculture 25Three stages 26Questions to ask 28Where to find answers in this book 30What are the risks? 33

3 Field preparation and planting 35Before starting conservation agriculture 36Planting basins 41Planting spots 47Ripping and planting 47Controlling weeds and the cover crop before planting 51Planting methods 51Using the right amount of seed and fertilizer 55

4 Keeping the soil healthy 63What makes soils hungry and sick? 64Organic matter 67Making the soil healthy again 68Keeping the soil healthy 70

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:075

vi

Conservation Agriculture

5 Soil cover 81Cover crops 83Mulch 97Challenges for maintaining soil cover 100

6 Crops and cropping systems 103Crop rotation 106Converting a cropping system to conservation agriculture 110Challenges in cropping systems 113

7 Controlling weeds 115How to manage weeds 116Managing weeds with soil cover and crops 117Weeding by hand or with equipment 119Herbicides 120When and how to weed 123Challenges in managing weeds 124Using the right amount of herbicide 124Using herbicides correctly 126Using herbicides safely 127Care of sprayers 127

8 Conserving soil and water 129Soil conservation techniques 130Conserving water 137

9 Livestock 145Feeding animals 147Sources of feed 147Protecting your fields 150Work animals 151

10 Harvesting, marketing and input supplies 155Harvesting 156Storage 157Processing and marketing 157Inputs 158Obtaining inputs 162

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:076

vii

Conservation Agriculture

11 Should you adopt conservation agriculture? 167How can conservation agriculture benefit me? 168How does conservation agriculture benefit other people? 169How much yield does conservation agriculture produce? 169How much does conservation agriculture cost? 170Is conservation agriculture profitable? 177Is conservation agriculture worthwhile? 178How much work is conservation agriculture? 180When is the work needed? 180

12 Conservation agriculture and people 185Women and men 186Cultural beliefs 190HIV/AIDS 193Farmers with disabilities 195Young people 196

13 Encouraging adaptation and adoption 199Adapting conservation agriculture 200Ways to promote conservation agriculture 204Training 205Extension 209Demonstrations 209Farmer field schools 210Schools and churches 213Farmer champions 214Farmer-to-farmer extension 215Farmers’ organizations 215Other ways to share experiences 215Farming as a business 217Multiple stakeholder partnerships 218Small-scale entrepreneurs and private business 220Policy support 220

14 Resources 223Contributors’ profiles 224Resource organizations and websites 238Equipment manufacturers 245Resource materials 247

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:077

ix

Conservation Agriculture

ForewordOver the last couple of decades, conservation agriculture has gained increas-ing interest worldwide as well as in Africa. This approach to farming is veryattractive for African farmers: it boosts yields, saves labour and money, andconserves the soil and the environment. It appeals to all categories of farmers– from small-scale subsistence farmers to high-tech commercial producers. Itcan be used in all climates and on all soils where it is possible to grow crops.And it appeals to the general public and to national leaders as a policy topromote and approve.

Conservation agriculture contributes significantly to meet three of the Millen-nium Development Goals.

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Conservation agricul-ture helps farmers produce more food – for themselves and for the market.It helps stabilize yields, especially during drought. It uses less labour andfewer expensive inputs than conventional agriculture.MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Conservation agricultureproduces a healthy, productive soil, halts erosion, reduces river pollution,increases the amount of organic matter in the soil, and takes CO2 out of theatmosphere.MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development Conservationagriculture is a global movement. It brings development agencies, the pri-vate sector, civil society, research institutions, local organizations and farm-ers together to contribute to the other MDGs.

Conservation agriculture also fits in well with two of the major NEPAD (NewPartnership for Africa’s Development) sectoral priorities: agriculture and theenvironment.

This book explains why conservation agriculture has such promise. It showshow farmers and extension workers can do it.

This book is the result of an initiative by a group of people from various insti-tutions across Africa and throughout the world. This group includes farmersand researchers, extension workers and policy makers, governments, non-gov-ernment organizations and the private sector. A unique alliance for a uniquelypromising approach.

They have drawn on their own knowledge, on the work of their organiza-tions, and on the successes of hundreds of thousands of farmers through Af-rica. They have put all these experiences together into this guide: the firstmanual on conservation agriculture covering the whole of Africa.

The method used to create this book – a “writeshop” involving more than 90contributors – is highly appreciated. It shows an impressive will by a largegroup from many different countries, from different walks of life, and withhighly different specializations and interests, to come together and produce a

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:079

x

Conservation Agriculture

product that all agree upon. The feeling of joint ownership will help the mes-sage of conservation agriculture spread much more quickly than if a singleperson had attempted to write this book alone.

It is a special joy to see that the two areas of agriculture and communicationhave joined hands in a common understanding that a written manual is oflittle use if its messages are not communicated wide and far.

It is our hope that this book will be distributed widely, and will be read bymany. More important, we urge readers to put to use the information it con-tains. While the book is intended especially for extension workers and otheragricultural service providers, we would also recommend that students inschools and universities read it. So should many farmers, and those who rep-resent our peoples in various forums on agriculture and food security.

Finally, we want to recognize the international aspect of conservation agricul-ture. This book is “African”. But it reaches even further out. It will be a majorinput into the World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, to be held in Nai-robi in October 2005 under a NEPAD arrangement and with the African Con-servation Tillage Network. This congress marks a new beginning for a conti-nent with an increasing will to get together to influence global policies anddecision making.

We thank all involved in producing and distributing this book, and thosecharged with transforming its messages into practical use. Most of all, though,we hope that our farmers will be able to use conservation agriculture to bringprosperity to their families and for their societies.

Hon. Kipruto arap KirwaMinister of Agriculture andLivestock DevelopmentRepublic of Kenya

Nairobi, August 2005

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0710

xi

Conservation Agriculture

PrefaceOver 60% of Africans depend on some form of farming for their sustenanceand livelihoods. Agriculture remains vital for the continent’s development andeconomic growth. So the recent stagnation or decline in farm productivity inin many parts of Africa is a major concern. For many communities and coun-tries, this has translated into chronic food insecurity and growing poverty.Households and communities are increasingly vulnerable, as their only resource– their land – can no longer sustain them.

Africa is witnessing severe degradation to its farmlands. Much of this degra-dation can be attributed to common, but exploitative, farming practices –ploughing that destroys the soil structure and degrades organic matter, burn-ing or removing crop residues, monocropping, and so on.

Soil and water management practices that sustain and enhance the produc-tivity of arable soils are a must for Africa. They are a vital part of the long-termsolution to food insecurity and poverty.

Conservation agriculture aims to overcome these problems. It consists of threesimple principles – disturb the soil as little as possible, keep the soil covered, andmix and rotate crops. These principles can be put into practice in many differ-ent ways. Farmers throughout Africa, and throughout the world, are begin-ning to adopt them; they have seen their yields rise, their soil gain in fertility,and their labour needs fall.

But conservation agriculture must be promoted actively if it is to be spreadrapidly. Grassroot players (farmers, extension workers, input suppliers, etc…)often lack information on what to do and where to do it. This manual aims tofill this gap.

This manualThis manual tries to do the following:

It explains what conservation agriculture is, and why it is important.It describes how to use conservation agriculture principles in the field.It highlights the issues and challenges that farmers and extension person-nel may encounter when they adopt and adapt conservation agriculture.It suggests ways to adapt and disseminate this approach.It gives examples of experiences with conservation agriculture in real life.

This manual is part of a larger effort to develop and promote conservationagriculture in Africa and worldwide. It is designed to reflect the experiencesand views of many conservation agriculture practitioners (farmers, research-ers and support organizations) to respond to the looming hunger and environ-mental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to enhance knowledge andawareness on conservation agriculture and promote the adoption and adap-

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0711

xii

Conservation Agriculture

tation of this approach throughout Africa. It is the first truly Africa-wide manualon conservation agriculture.

African farmers face a bewildering variety of conditions: highland and low-land, tropical and temperate, high and low rainfall, rich and poor soils, largeand small farms. They grow a huge range of crops. Some farmers are commer-cially oriented; others eat everything they grow. It is impossible for one book tocover all the different variations.

Fortunately, this is not necessary. Conservation agriculture is not a single setof techniques – there is no one “best practice”. Rather, its three principles canbe applied in different ways in different situations. This book outlines theseprinciples (on page 3), then shows how to adapt them to suit the particular setof circumstances that you – the farmer or extension worker – face. It is up toyou to decide on what is best for you. Innovate, test and adapt the techniquesin this book, and encourage your friends and neighbours to do the same.

The manual also reflects the character of conservation agriculture – holisticand multi-disciplinary. It also describes how conservation agriculture relatesto other key areas that farmers are concerned with: socio-economic issues,culture and traditions, marketing, and livestock.

This manual is intended primarily for Africa’s farmers and extension workers:the people who stand to benefit directly from conservation agriculture. It iswritten in simple language so it is easy to understand, and easy to translateinto local languages. Many of the illustrations can be enlarged or adapted foruse on posters or training materials.

The book should also prove useful for others interested in conservation agri-culture: agricultural researchers and policymakers, NGO staff, trainers, teach-ers and students. It should serve as a comprehensive resource on conservationagriculture in Africa and worldwide.

How this manual was preparedThe initial idea for this manual came from a meeting in Zambia, when over 40researchers and field practitioners from Africa met to prepare for the SecondWorld Congress on Conservation Agriculture (held in Brazil in 2003). The largenumber of papers and posters gathered for this meeting formed a rich poten-tial basis for a comprehensive manual on conservation agriculture in Africa.

The International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) developed the con-cept of a manual further, and discussed the idea with RELMA, ICRAF’s Re-gional Land Management Unit. RELMA provided a start-up fund. FAO, CTAand IFAD also provided valuable financial support. The resulting manual wasto be ready for the third World Congress, held in Nairobi in October 2005.

A small consultative group of key stakeholders was formed into a steeringcommittee, which decided that IIRR and the African Conservation Tillage

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0712

xiii

Conservation Agriculture

Network (ACT) be the lead agencies. IIRR was designated as manager andoverall project coordinator.

A group of key stakeholders met in November 2004 in Nairobi to generate a setof themes and topics for the manual. The same group identified various prom-ising practices and suggested organizations that practised conservation agri-culture, as well as resource persons and individuals who might generate casematerials and manuscripts on various topics. IIRR then invited them to pre-pare manuscripts on the selected topics and to present them at a “writeshop”.

The Karen writeshopThe writeshop (an intensive, 2-week workshop) was held in Karen, near Nai-robi, on 18–29 April 2005. The contributors brought their manuscripts withthem, along with other printed materials, photographs and conservation agri-culture equipment. In all, some 60 farmers, extension staff, scientists and prac-titioners from 14 African countries, as well as from Brazil and Europe, partici-pated. Another 30 contributors were unable to attend the writeshop but sub-mitted manuscripts for discussion by the participants.

The writeshop began with a series of presentations by participants on variousaspects of conservation agriculture. The participants were then divided into anumber of groups, each focusing on a specific theme, such as “land prepara-tion” or “economics”. These groups were asked to write a draft chapter ontheir theme, based on the manuscripts that had been prepared for the write-shop and their own knowledge and experience. Each group prepared a draftchapter, which they presented to the plenary.

The other participants commented on the drafts, asked questions, and sug-gested additions or changes. The individual groups then revised their drafts.A team of editors assisted with drafting and revising the text, and artists drewillustrations to accompany it.

The groups presented their revised drafts to the plenary a second time, alongwith the illustrations, and the other participants were able to make furthersuggestions. The editors and artists again helped revise the text and illustra-tions. By the end of the writeshop, the groups had completed drafts for each ofthe chapters in the book you are holding.

The groups were fairly fluid: individual participants were able to move fromgroup to group, so contributing to the detailed drafting of more than one chapter.

Throughout the writeshop, participants wrote about their specific experienceswith conservation agriculture. These cases appear in boxes in the text. Theyprovide valuable examples of how conservation agriculture works in practice.

After the writeshop, considerable restructuring and rewriting were necessaryto eliminate overlap among the various chapters and to ensure the style wasclear and consistent. This was done by the chief editor, who also commis-sioned new artwork to fill in gaps.

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0713

xiv

Conservation Agriculture

Through this process, the initial manuscripts were revised substantially or werecompletely rewritten. The information they contained was selected, sifted, andcombined with ideas from other sources, and was distributed throughout themanual. A single section in the book may contain information provided bymany different participants. This means it is not possible to label a particularchapter or section as the work of a particular participant. The “authors” ofthe manual are thus the contributors listed on page xviii: both those who at-tended the writeshop and those who provided manuscripts.

Writeshop advantagesThe sequence described above is an adaptation of the writeshop approachpioneered by IIRR at its headquarters in the Philippines. IIRR-Africa has usedthis approach to produce extension and information materials on a wide rangeof subjects.

Writeshops have several advantages over conventional methods of producinga publication. They speed up the production process, taking full advantage ofthe participants’ expertise. The process of writing, getting comments, revisingand illustrating takes place at the same time, considerably shortening the of-ten-difficult process of writing, editing and publishing. A large number of par-ticipants contribute to each topic: in effect, the writeshop provides an oppor-tunity for technical peer review by a large number of reviewers, as well aspretesting for understandability and field relevance by a group of the intendedreaders.

In addition, writeshops bring together a large number of people from variousinstitutions and walks of life, each with different perspectives and expertise.They are an excellent training and networking opportunity, with individualslearning about each other’s work and exchanging ideas and experiences thatwill be of value for them when they return home. It is hoped that the relation-ships and networks forged during the writeshop will continue long into thefuture.

Structure of this bookThis book is divided into 14 chapters.

Chapter 1, What is conservation agriculture?, explains the principles of conser-vation agriculture, and describes the benefits it can bring to farmers who adoptit. It compares conservation agriculture with conventional farming practices,and tells readers what to expect in the first few years after they adopt it. It alsobriefly describes the history of the approach in Africa and worldwide, andoutlines some challenges facing its rapid spread.

Chapter 2, Converting to conservation agriculture, guides readers through thechallenges of starting out with this new approach to farming. It lists somequestions farmers should ask, and describes how to find the answers.

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0714

xv

Conservation Agriculture

Chapter 3, Field preparation and planting, describes how to prepare a field forconservation agriculture, various ways of planting crops, and how to workout how much seed and fertilizer to use.

Chapter 4, Keeping the soil healthy, introduces the concept of soil health – whichdepends on the amount of organic matter in the soil. It shows how to tellwhether your soil is sick, and what to do to nurse it back to health.

Chapter 5, Soil cover, discusses the importance of keeping the soil covered, andthe two main ways of doing so: using cover crops and mulch. It especiallyaddresses a major problem that many farmers face when they first adopt con-servation agriculture: the choice of a cover crop and how to obtain seeds.

Chapter 6, Crops and cropping systems, discusses various types of croppingsystems (intercropping, sequential cropping, and so on), the benefits of croprotation, and factors to consider when choosing which crops to grow.

Chapter 7, Controlling weeds, discusses the vital topic of how to control theweeds that will take over the fields unless the farmer manages them properly.It describes various ways to control them: by maintaining soil cover, by me-chanical weeding, or using herbicides. It gives special attention to using theright amount of herbicides, in a correct and safe way.

Chapter 8, Conserving soil and water, describes various soil and water conser-vation technologies that can be combined with conservation agriculture.

Chapter 9, Livestock, covers three issues relating to livestock and conservationagriculture: feeding animals, protecting fields from livestock, and training ani-mals to pull conservation agriculture equipment.

Chapter 10, Harvesting, marketing and input supplies, addresses issues that farm-ers are likely to encounter in harvesting, storing, processing and marketingtheir produce, and in obtaining inputs and credit for their conservation agri-culture operation.

Chapter 11 is entitled Should you adopt conservation agriculture? It poses (andanswers) some questions that farmers may have about conservation agricul-ture before they adopt it: How does it benefit me? How much does it cost? Is itprofitable?, and so on. For each question, it shows how farmers can work outthe answers themselves so they can make an informed decision on what to do.

Chapter 12, Conservation agriculture and people, explores the social and cul-tural dimensions of this approach. It looks at five areas: the roles of womenand men, cultural beliefs, HIV/AIDS, farmers with disabilities, and youngpeople.

Chapter 13, Encouraging adaptation and adoption, is aimed primarily at exten-sion workers, researchers and policymakers. It suggests various ways to testand adapt particular conservation agriculture practices in a participatory waywith groups of farmers. It also provides ideas on how to promote conservationagriculture through various extension approaches.

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0715

xvi

Conservation Agriculture

Chapter 14, Resources, includes the profiles and contact details of the con-tributors, a list of resource organizations and websites, manufacturers of con-servation agriculture equipment, and publications with further informationon this approach.

Throughout the manual, boxes describe how farmers, projects and researchinstitutions have applied conservation agriculture. These cases are drawn fromthe experiences of the manual’s contributors, who represent a wide range ofcountries and farming conditions from throughout Africa. For further detailson the individual experiences, please contact the individuals and organiza-tions listed on page xviii (see addresses in Chapter 14).

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0716

xvii

Conservation Agriculture

AcknowledgementsThe writeshop and production of this manual were supported by grants from:

Sincere thanks also to:

The writeshop participants and staff: see the List of participants (page xiv)and Participants’ profiles (page 238).

The staff of IIRR’s Africa Regional Centre and Acacia Consultants, Cordaidregional and headquarters staff, and I/C Consult.

The many other, unnamed local people, extension workers, researchers,government and NGO staff, whose knowledge and experiences are reflect-ed in this book.

The management and staff of the Agricultural Finance Corporation Train-ing Centre, where the writeshop to produce this book was held.

The following FAO programmes and projects contributed funds:Piloting Conservation Agriculture to Improve Livelihoods and Food Secu-rity for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya.Promotion of Conservation Agriculture in Eritrea.Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Develop-ment in Southern and Eastern Africa (CA-SARD). This project operates inKenya and Tanzania and is funded by the German government.

CordaidCatholic Organization for Relief and DevelopmentAid, PO Box 16440, 2500 BK The Hague,The Netherlands

European Union

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0717

xviii

Conservation Agriculture

List of contributorsFor further information and contact details, see Chapter 14.

Trade and Investment Program for aCompetitive Export Economy (TIPCEE)

Philip BoahenUniversity of Science and Technology,

KumasiKofi Boa*Emmanuel Bobobee*

KenyaBayer East Africa Ltd.

Vasey Mwaja*Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable

Agriculture in Rural Development (CA-SARD)

Thomas ApinaCharles MwandaPaul Wamai MwangiPhilip MwangiKennedy Otieno

Farmer, Kikapu Farmer Field SchoolBernice M Kamotho

Farmer, Kusa Community DevelopmentSociety

Okech John OdingoFarmer, Nanyuki

Stanley MuriukiInternational Maize and Wheat

Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Fred Kanampiu

Kenya Agricultural Research Institute(KARI)

Eva GacheruViolet GathaaraJedidah MainaJoseph Gichane Mureithi*Hottensiah MwangiAmbrose Nzabi*

Kenya Network for Draught AnimalTechnology (KENDAT)

Pascal KaumbuthoJoseph Mutua

Kenya Soil SurveyPatrick Gicheru*

BotswanaSanitas

Gosta “Gus” I Nilsson

CameroonCIRAD/ESA Project, Cameroon

Krishna Naudin*ESA-SODECOTON/IRAD Project

Oumarou Balarabe

Côte d’IvoireAgence Nationale d’Appui au

Développement RuralGnamitche Anne Djedjro Ep NorielNomelDaniel Glounaho*

EritreaMinistry of Agriculture

Bekurestision Habte Ghebremdhin*

EthiopiaAlemaya University

Heluf Gebrekidan*B.B. Mishra*

Ethiopian Agricultural ResearchOrganisation (EARO)

Melesse Temesgen

GhanaFood and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations (FAO)John Ashburner

Ministry of Food and Agriculture,Kumasi

Patrick Akowua*

* Did not attend writeshop

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0718

xix

Conservation Agriculture

Ministry of AgricultureKithinji Mutunga*

National School Feeding CouncilEdwyn Odeny Odhiambo

Triple W Engineering Ltd.Barney Muckle

University of NairobiElijah K. Biamah*Ayub GitauCharles K K Gachene

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)Anja BoyeSoren Damgaard-LarsenQureish NoordinAlex Oduor

LesothoLesotho Evangelical Church

August BassonMotipi Ranthimo

MadagascarCIRAD

Olivier Husson*

South AfricaAgricultural Resource Consultants

James (Jim) Findlay

SudanAgricultural and Technology Research

CorporationOsman Alfadni

SwazilandCOSPE

Ndumiso Masimula

TanzaniaAgricultural Research Institute Ukiriguru

Fidelis KaihuraAgricultural Research Institute, Uyole

Saidi MkomwaFarmer, Eotulelo Farmer Field School

Thomas Loronyo

Farmer, Ujamaa Farmer Field SchoolRenatha Patrick Allay

LAMP-BabatiElley Simon Mbise

Ministry of Agriculture and FoodSecurity

Rajabu Ngoma MtunzeFares E. Mahuha*

Research, Community andOrganizational DevelopmentAssociation (RECODA)

Catherine Maguzu*Dominick E. Ringo*

Selian Agricultural Research InstituteWilfred MarikiMarietha Owenya

Soil Conservation and AgroforestryProgramme (SCAPA)

Joseph Mwalley

UgandaAgricultural Engineering and Applied

Technology Research InstituteWilfred Richard Odogola

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industryand Fisheries

Alex Lwakuba*National Agricultural Advisory Services

Anthony NyakuniTechnical Cooperation Programme on

Conservation Agriculture (TCP-CA)Paul Nyende

ZambiaAgriculture Support Programme

Roy Musonda Chiti*CLUSA

Cholwe ChiposwaUniversity of Zambia

Gelson Tembo

ZimbabweAfrican Conservation Tillage Network

(ACT)Martin Bwalya

AgriwayBrian Oldreive*

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0719

xx

Conservation Agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations (FAO)

Susan MinaeHastt Zimbabwe

Makoto MautsaUniversity of Zimbabwe

Edward Chuma

Outside AfricaCIRAD, France

Bernard TriompheCornell University, USA

Peter R. Hobbs*Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil

Telmo Jorge Carneiro AmadoFood and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations (FAO), ItalyJosef Kienzle

Independent Consultant, UKBrian Sims

International Food Policy ResearchInstitute, USA

Steven Haggblade*Michigan State University, USA

Cynthia Donovan*Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Rural Development, KosovoWalter de Oliveira*

Royal Veterinary and AgriculturalUniversity, Denmark

Adrian Bolliger*Senior Technical Consultant, Germany

Kurt SteinerStockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

Cecilia RubenJohan Rockström*

Swedish University of Agriculture,Sweden

Carl-Fredrik von Essen*Jens Nolin*

University of Agriculture, NorwayJens B. Aune*

University of Tennessee, USAJohn E. Morrison, Jr*

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,Netherlands

William Critchley

Steeringcommittee

Josef Kienzle, FAOJohn Ashburner, FAOBernard Triomphe, CIRADMartin Bwalya, ACTPascal Kaumbutho, KENDATSoren Damgaard-Larsen, RELMA in

ICRAFIsaac Bekalo, IIRR

Writeshop staffDesktop publishing

Nyotumba BonaventureKithinji KirujaBenson Maina MwangiPaul Mundy

EditingMohammed DubaSospeter GatobuKimunya MugoPaul MundyAileen OgollaBob Wagner

FacilitationIsaac BekaloRahab W N Njoroge

IllustrationsElijah Njoroge NjengaBenjamin OjwangAlfred Ombati

Secretarial, finance and logisticsGabriel BakhwenyaAda ChiboleEva DosscheEunice JumaGrace KinyanjuiStanley LiuvaRahab W N Njoroge

Writeshop managementIsaac BekaloEva DosschePaul MundyRahab W N Njoroge

00front.pmd 30/05/2006, 13:0720

14Resources

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM225

226

Conservation Agriculture

Contributors’ profiles

Contributors who attendedthe writeshop

Osman AlfadniHead, Land and Water Research Section,Agricultural and Technology ResearchCorporation

PO Box 429, Alobeid 51111, Sudan. Tel. +249 611823000, 912 477486, 611 832000, emailalfadniosman@yahoo.com

Osman holds a PhD in soil science, land andwater management. He has been a consultantfor the Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations (FAO), the Special Pro-gramme for Food Security (SPFS), the Interna-tional Fund for Agriculture Development’sNorthern Kordofan Rural Development Pro-gramme (IFAD-NK), and on water harvestingfor smallholder farmers.

Renatha Patrick AllayFarmer

Rhotia Mission, PO Box 66, Karatu, Arusha,Tanzania. Tel. +255 27 744 956519

Renatha has been practising conservation ag-riculture since 2002, growing maize, beans andlablab. Her mother (Maria Erro, see page2) be-longs to Ujamaa Farmer Field School.

Telmo Jorge Carneiro AmadoSoil Scientist and Professor, Federal Univer-sity of Santa Maria

Antero Correa Barnos 655 Apto 602, RS CEP97119-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. Tel. +55 55 2208916, +55 55 221 2350, emailtamado@smail.ufsm.br

Telmo is an agronomist with a PhD in soil sci-ence with a focus on soil conservation. He spe-cializes in no-till farming, cover crops, soilcarbon, and soil quality.

Thomas ApinaFAO Volunteer, Agricultural Engineer,Conservation Agriculture for SustainableAgriculture in Rural Development (CA-SARD)

c/o Francis Apina, Kenya Utalii College, PO Box31052-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722940789, fax +254 720 557500, emailapina99@yahoo.com

Thomas holds a BSc in agricultural engineer-ing. He is currently working with FAO as avolunteer in the CA-SARD project.

John AshburnerSenior Agricultural Engineer, FAO RegionalOffice for Africa

PO Box 1628, Accra, Ghana, Tel. +233 217010930 ext 3135, 675000 ext 3135, fax +233 217010943, email john.ashburner@fao.org

John is a British agricultural engineer with aPhD in agricultural engineering. He hasworked overseas for nearly 40 years in SouthAmerica, Africa and Asia, with much of hiswork focused on conservation agriculture. Heinitially worked with ODA (now the UK De-partment for International Development), andfreelanced for 12 years. He is now workingwith the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations.

Gabriel BakhwenyaSecretariat in-charge, IIRR

PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 2610, fax +254 20 444 8814, emailgabriel@iirr-africa.org

Oumarou BalarabeRegional Officer, Conservation AgricultureResearch and Extension Programme, ESA-SODECOTON/IRAD Project

PO Box 302, Garoua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 9916473, +237 793 7145, email obalarabe@yahoo.fr

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM226

227

14 Resources

Oumarou holds an Ingenieur Agronome Di-ploma (equivalent to an MSc) in agriculturalsciences from the University of Dischang, Cam-eroon. He has worked for 1 year in the cottonsector with RESOCOT-CIRAD on performanceevaluation in Central and Western Africa. Hehas worked for 3 years on conservation agri-culture research and extension programmes oncotton-based farming systems in northernCameroon.

August BassonPastor and Trainer, Lesotho EvangelicalChurch

Tebellong Qachas Nek 608, Lesotho, or PO Box252, Matatiele, 4730, South Africa. Tel. +2783658340, +266 58883670, emailaabasson@yebo.co.za, internetwww.tebellong.givengain.org

August studied theology at Stellenbosch Uni-versity and has been pastoring with the Le-sotho Evangelical Church for at least 12 years.He has been training farmers on conservationagriculture since 2002.

Isaac BekaloRegional Director for Africa, InternationalInstitute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)

PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 2610, 444 0991, fax +254 20 444 8814,email admin@iirr-africa.org, internetwww.iirr.org

Isaac holds a PhD in organizational develop-ment and planning. His experience includesteaching, NGO training, curriculum design andorganizational development. He has providedconsultancy services on strategic planning,participatory monitoring and evaluation,project design and proposal writing. He spe-cializes in participatory development ap-proaches and organizational development.

Philip BoahenMonitoring and Evaluation Specialist,Agricultural Economics and Agronomy

Trade and Investment Program for a CompetitiveExport Economy (TIPCEE), PMB CT 330, Accra,Ghana. Tel. +233 21 775350, mobile +233 244254891, email philipboahen@yahoo.co.uk,pboahen@tipceeghana.org

Philip holds a BSc and MPhil in agronomy andagricultural economics, and a postgraduatediploma in agricultural research for develop-ment from Wageningen, Netherlands. Heworked with a GTZ project in Ghana for 6 years,then as a freelance consultant for GTZ and FAOuntil 2005. He specializes in participatory ex-tension methods, agronomy and farming sys-tems development, cover crops and conserva-tion agriculture, agricultural economics, moni-toring and evaluation, and project appraisaland planning.

Anja BoyeAssociate Soil Scientist, Improved Fallows,World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

PO Box 2389, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 722878029, 20 631344-53, 722 747093, 57 2021918,email anja@swiftkisumu.com

Anja holds an MSc in physical geography fromthe University of Copenhagen. She worked asa DANIDA Associate Scientist at ICRAF in2002–4, and has also done consultancy workfor IRD/ICRAF and research for ICRAF. She isplanning to study soil conservation for herPhD. Her work has focused mainly on legumesand no-tillage in soil conservation, with spe-cial attention to runoff and soil erosion. Shehas tested crop rotations with legumes in west-ern Kenya.

Martin BwalyaCoordinator, African Conservation TillageNetwork

9 Balmoral Road, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe.Tel. +263 4 882107, 885596, emailmbwalya@africaonline.co.zw

Martin holds an MSc in agricultural engineer-ing and mechanization management. He hasfor many years been involved in on-farm ag-ricultural development programmes, such asthe development of animal-powered imple-ments, training of farmers and staff, and thedevelopment of agricultural information ma-terials related to sustainable/conservationagriculture. He now focuses on development,synthesis, and dissemination of informationon conservation agriculture, facilitation of on-farm experiments, and group learning andtraining in conservation agriculture.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM227

228

Conservation Agriculture

Cholwe ChiposwaDistrict Coordinator, Forestry, CLUSA,Zambia

Private Bag 307 RW, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel. +260 1235747/8, +260 01 235745, +260 1 235749 emailrgbpadmm@zamnet.zm

Cholwe holds a diploma in forestry andworked for the Zambia National Service for 3years. She has worked with CLUSA since 1999.

Edward ChumaLecturer, Dept. of Soil Science, University ofZimbabwe

PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare,Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4 339107, +263 91 23504,fax +263 4 333407, emailchuma@africaonline.co.zw

Edward has graduate training in soil science,soil and water management, and postgradu-ate training on participatory innovation de-velopment.

William CritchleyLecturer, Research and DevelopmentSpecialist, and Coordinator, ResourceDevelopment Unit, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdam

De Boelelaan 1105-2G, 1081 HV Amsterdam,Netherlands. Tel. +31 20 59 89090, fax +31 20 5989095, email wrs.critchley@dienst.vu.nl, internetwww.cis.vu.nl

William has 30 years’ experience on soil andwater conservation research and development.He was based in Kenya for 13 years, South Af-rica for 2 years and is now at the Vrije Univer-siteit in Amsterdam. He has a bachelor’s inagriculture and a PhD in soil and water con-servation. His work now includes project back-stopping, evaluation, writing and teaching.

Soren Damgaard-LarsenDevelopment Advisor, RELMA in ICRAF

World Agroforestry Centre , PO Box 30677,Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224408,+254 20 7224401, email s.damgaard-larsen@cgiar.org, internet www.relma.org

Soren has worked as an agricultural researcheron soils, nutrients and micro-elements, and is

editor of his organization’s magazine. He pre-viously worked as a development advisor innorthern Zambia and a consultant on agricul-tural development projects, relief, pharmacies,drugs and rural development. He has alsoworked for the Red Cross in Ethiopia and Su-dan, on rural development in semi-desert ar-eas of Sudan, and on a watershed developmentprogramme in India. He now focuses on net-working for conservation agriculture in Af-rica and throughout the world.

Eva DosscheCapacity Building and Training Unit, IIRR-Africa

PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 2610, +254 20 444 0991, fax +254 20 4448814, email eva@iirr-africa.org,dosscheeva@mail.be, internet www.iirr.org

Eva has an MSc in agricultural developmentfrom the University of Gent, Belgium. Beforejoining IIRR she worked in farmer extensionand sustainable agriculture in Rwanda.

Mohammed DubaJournalist/Development Worker

PO Box 11517, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20721386942, email mohamed_duba@yahoo.com

Mohammed holds a BEd in English languageand literature from Moi University, Eldoret.He previously worked with the InternationalInstitute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) as man-ager of the Pastoralist Education Project forthe Horn of Africa, and for ActionAid as policyresearch coordinator for northeast Kenya. Hehas also worked with the British BroadcastingCorporation (BBC) and the Standard MediaGroup as a reporter covering events and per-sonalities in Africa. He currently provides con-sulting services to IIRR.

James (Jim) FindlayConsultant, Agricultural Resource Consult-ants

PO Box 3474, Parklands 2121, South Africa. Tel.+27 486 2254, +27 486 2274, emailagrecon@pixie.co.za

Jim has a DSc in economics entomology fromPretoria University. He worked at the PlantProtection Research Institute on pesticide re-

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM228

229

14 Resources

search and was a technical advisor on crop pro-tection products. He spent 20 years in industry(Elanco, Monsanto) as director of research andas managing director. For the last 10 years hehas been a consultant specializing in conser-vation agriculture projects in many Africancountries. He is also closely involved in theregistration of crop protection products in anumber of African countries, and in the devel-opment of legislation covering such products.In addition, he manages the Plant Science Con-sultants Association in South Africa.

Charles GacheneSenior Lecturer and Chairman, Dept. of SoilScience, University of Nairobi

PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722649033, +254 20 631634, 631643, emailckkgachene@africaonline.co.ke

Gachene holds a BSc and MSc from the Univer-sity of Nairobi, and a PhD in soil science fromthe Swedish University of Agricultural Science.He worked with the Kenya Soil Survey of theKenya Agricultural Research Institute beforejoining the university. He has over 25 years ofexperience on soil and water management. Hisinterests are soil erosion and productivity,green manure and legume crops for soil fertil-ity improvement and erosion control. He alsohelps supervise the Legume Research NetworkProject.

Eva GacheruResearch Officer and Weed Scientist, KenyaAgricultural Research Institute (KARI)

Agroforestry Research Centre, Maseno, PO Box25199, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 57 351163/4,+254 722 328864, email evagacheru@yahoo.com

Eva has an MSc in weed science from Missis-sippi State University, and a BSc in agriculturefrom the University of Nairobi, Kenya. Shehas 10 years’ experience working with farm-ers on soil fertility in agroforestry systems,participatory soil fertility improvement andweed control, with special focus on managingStriga, a parasitic weed.

Violet GathaaraAgriculture and Human Ecology, KenyaAgricultural Research Institute (KARI) –National Agricultural Research Laboratories

PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 4444 1659, +254 20 4443 9260, +254 20 722678482, email karipsp@skyweb.co.ke

Violet holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultureand human ecology extension from EgertonUniversity. Her work experience spans over26 years, including 6 years in extension. Shehas been in charge of home economics andrural youth programmes in several districts inKenya. She is currently working with theKenya Agricultural Research Institute as asocio-economist. She is a founder member ofthe Kenya Professional Association of Womenin Agriculture and Environment (KEPAWAE).

Sospeter GatobuCommunication Officer, InternationalInstitute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)

PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 2610, +254 20 444 0991, fax +254 20 4448814, email sospeter@iirr-africa.org,soskaai@yahoo.com, internet www.iirr.org

Sospeter holds an MA in communication fromDaystar University, Nairobi, and a BEd degreein education, Kiswahili and English. He hasover 15 years of experience as a high schoolteacher and in managing public relations, re-source mobilization and development pro-grammes. He is currently IIRR–Africa’s com-munication officer.

Ayub GitauLecturer, Dept. of Environment andBiosystems Engineering, University ofNairobi

PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 722878029, +254 20 631344-53, emailgitauan@yahoo.co.uk

Ayub specializes on agricultural mechanisa-tion and soil tillage in Kenya and Africa. Hestudied power requirements for different ani-mal-drawn tillage equipment in Machakos dis-trict in Kenya for his MSc, and mechanical be-haviour of hard-setting soils in semi-arid ar-eas for his PhD. He has taught and researchedon various tillage systems for more than 10years at the University of Nairobi.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM229

230

Conservation Agriculture

Fidelis KaihuraSenior Agricultural Research Officer,Agricultural Research Institute Ukiriguru

PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania. Tel. +255 282500325, +255 744 273849, emailkaihura@mwanza-online.com

Kaihura holds an MSc in agriculture (soil sci-ence) from Sokoine University of Agriculture,Morogoro, Tanzania. He has worked for 25years in agricultural research and develop-ment, with a focus on soil and water manage-ment. He has also worked on soil erosion as-sessment and control. Since 1994 he has workedon agricultural biodiversity and rural liveli-hood improvement. He has contributed to par-ticipatory technology development and dis-semination methods. At present he is a resourceperson for FAO in soil productivity improve-ment farm field schools in Tanzania.

Bernice KamothoFarmer

PO Box 444, Njoro, Nakuru, Kenya. Tel. +254 735133 875, +254 722 884795

Bernice has been practising conservation agri-culture on her 1 ha farm for 2 years. She growswheat, maize and lablab, and is a member ofthe Kikapu Farmer Field School. She also keepslivestock and grows trees.

Fred KanampiuAgronomist, International Maize and WheatImprovement Center (CIMMYT)

PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20722 4600, 722 4605, 722 4601, emailf.kanampiu@cgiar.org, internet www.cimmyt.org

Kanampiu holds a PhD in soil science fromOklahoma State University. Before joiningCIMMYT, he worked on agricultural extensionand research in Kenya. He has conducted par-ticipatory adaptive research in weed manage-ment, soil fertility management and conser-vation agriculture, aiming to enhance small-scale farm productivity.

Pascal KaumbuthoExecutive Coordinator, Kenya Network forDraught Animal Technology (KENDAT)

PO Box 2859-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254722 308331, fax +254 20 6766939, emailkaumbuthos@wananchi.com, internetwww.atnesa.org/kendat/

Pascal is a rural development consultant spe-cializing in animal traction development. Heworks with KENDAT, and is national projectcoordinator on conservation agriculture forsustainable agriculture and rural development.

Josef KienzleAgricultural Engineer, Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO)

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00100, Italy.Tel. +39 06 57052612, fax +39 06 57056798,email josef.kienzle@fao.org, internet www.fao.org

Josef holds a master’s in agricultural engineer-ing and a postgraduate degree in advanced ag-ricultural development. He is also a skilledmechanic. He has worked in the AgriculturalSupport Systems Division of FAO since 1996.His main areas of work are field-level farmpower and mechanization, and labour-savingtechnologies with a focus on vulnerable house-holds, gender and conservation agriculture. Hecurrently backstops FAO pilot projects on con-servation agriculture in Tanzania, Kenya andUganda. He also works with CIRAD, RELMAand the African Conservation Tillage Networkon case studies for conservation agricultureinitiatives in Africa.

Kithinji KirujaColorscapes Media

PO Box 4845-00506, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254721 220079, email kkiruja@yahoo.com

Kithinji is a consultant designer with a BA indesign from the University of Nairobi. He hasa wide experience in the design and produc-tion of information materials and has workedon various IIRR publications. He has also pro-duced materials for various NGOs, govern-ment departments and the private sector.

Thomas LoronyoFarmer

Selian Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 744 337015

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM230

231

14 Resources

Thomas has been farming using conservationagriculture since 1998. He grows maize, beansand lablab. He was initiated into the practiceby the Regional Land Management Unit(RELMA and the Soil Conservation and Agro-forestry Programme (SCAPA). He belongs tothe Eotulelo Farmer Field School in ArumeruDistrict, which practises conservation agricul-ture with support from FAO.

Jedidah MainaSenior Research Officer, Kenya AgriculturalResearch Institute/National AgriculturalResearch Laboratories

PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 4251/2/4, 722 374886, fax 444 439260,email jedidahmaina@yahoo.com

Jedidah holds a PhD in weed science from theUniversity of Reading and an MSc in agronomyfrom the University of Nairobi. She has workedas a researcher in crop protection and weedscience since 1983. From 1997 she has been in-volved in participatory weed managementwith smallholder farmers, mainly in the useof cover crops and herbicides in maize andcoffee.

Wilfred MarikiNational Facilitator, Conservation Agricul-ture for Sustainable Agriculture in RuralDevelopment, Selian Agricultural ResearchInstitute

PO Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 27 2505675, +255 27 250 5212, +255 27 2505211,mobile 0748 403921, 0749 888563, emailwlmariki@yahoon.com, wmariki@sari.co.tz

Mariki holds a bachelor’s in agriculture fromthe University of Manitoba, and a diploma infarm management from the University of Sas-katchewan. He is currently the national facili-tator of the FAO project “Conservation Agri-culture for Sustainable Agriculture in Rural De-velopment” in Tanzania. He has over 10 yearsof research experience in reduced tillage, and6 years on soil cover crops in conservationagriculture in northern Tanzania. He is also apart-time consultant on case studies for FAOand IFAD in East Africa.

Ndumiso MasimulaField Coordinator, Conservation Agricul-ture, COSPE

Box 489, Simunye, Swaziland. Tel. +268 5516123, +268 61 31570, emailcospe.swaziland@realnet.co.sz

Ndumiso worked for 4 years as natural re-sources coordinator for the Shemula Trust, acommunity organization in Swaziland. Hecurrently works as conservation agriculturecoordinator at the community level.

Bancy MatiProfessor, Soil and Water Engineering,JKUAT

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture andTechnology (JKUAT), Nairobi 00200, Kenya. Tel.+254 722 638872, 67 52029, fax +254 67 52164,email mati@africaonline.co.ke, internetwww.jkuat.ac.ke

Bancy holds a PhD in rural land use and geo-graphic information systems (GIS). She haslong experience in research, consultancy andtraining, working on rainwater harvesting,water supply and management, irrigation, soilconservation, project planning and prioritysetting using GIS. She is active in networkingand has published extensively.

Makoto MautsaResearch and Development Manager, HasttZimbabwe

18 Galloway Rd., Norton, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 623355/8, +263 91 287719, fax +263 62 2317, emailmmautsa@hastt.co.zw

Makoto holds a BSc in farm machinery designfrom the University of Applied Sciences, Co-logne, and a postgraduate certificate in the samefield from the Japan International Coopera-tion Agency, Tsukuba. He has over 10 years ofexperience in the development of agriculturalequipment for smallholder farmers. He spe-cializes in the design of agricultural equipmentand machinery. He was involved in the devel-opment of the Haka ripper planter and theHaka hand jab planter for conservation agri-culture (both made by Hastt Zimbabwe).

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM231

232

Conservation Agriculture

Elley Simon MbiseAgromechanization Officer, LAMP-Babati

Agriculture Office, PO Box 537 or 335, Babati,Tanzania. Tel. +255 22 286 2003, +256 744687156, fax +255 22 286 2077, emailelleymbise@yahoo.com, taretombise@excite.com

Mbise holds a diploma in agromechanizationand a certificate in agro-vet. He has worked asan agricultural mechanization officer for about17 years. He has also worked in Babati Districtwith LAMP on the use of animal- and tractor-drawn implements in conservation agricul-ture. He is introducing cover crops and pro-motes investment on animal-drawn imple-ments such as rippers and knife-rollers.

Susan MinaeFarming Systems Development Officer,Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations, Subregional Office forSouthern and East Africa (FAO-SAFR)

PO Box 3730, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4791407, 253655, 700724, emailsusan.minae@fao.org, internet www.fao.org

Susan is a farming systems development of-ficer with the FAO. She has over 20 years ofexperience in development in the region.

Saidi MkomwaHead, Agricultural Engineering ResearchProgramme, Agricultural Research Institute,Uyole

PO Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania. Tel. +255 252510062, 10363, email smkomwa@yahoo.co.uk

Saidi holds a BSc in engineering from the Uni-versity of Dar-es-Salaam and a master’s in ag-ricultural engineering from the University ofGuelph, Canada. He has over 20 years of expe-rience in training, research and developmentof animal traction and tractor power technolo-gies. He focuses on evaluation and develop-ment of animal traction-based conservationtillage implements with small-scale farmers.

Rajabu Ngoma MtunzeAgricultural Engineer, Ministry of Agricul-ture and Food Security

c/o Agricultural Machinery Section, PO Box9071, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Tel. +255 222862003, 2862077, +255 744 687156, emailngoma57@yahoo.com, mtunze@hotmail.com

Mtunze holds a BSc from Sokoine Universityof Agriculture, and an MSc from the Univer-sity of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. He hasworked with the Ministry of Agriculture for25 years in the Mechanization Project for In-creasing Food Production, the Vehicle and Trac-tor Rehabilitation Project, and as officer-in-charge of animal traction, agro-processing andrenewable energy technologies.

Barney MuckleDirector, Triple W Engineering Ltd.

PO Box 176, Naro Moru 10105, Kenya. Tel. +25462 62255, fax c/o +254 62 62272, emailmuckletb@africaonline.co.ke

Barney holds a BSc in agriculture and an MScin agricultural engineering. He worked withFAO for 12 years as a chief engineer and projectmanager. He has been a small-scale farmer inKenya for 20 years. He has designed animal-drawn equipment for conservation agriculturefor 12 years. He trains artisans how to makethis equipment, and has also worked as a con-sultant for the Kenya Agricultural ResearchInstitute, FAO and other organizations.

Kimunya MugoDevelopment Communication Officer,RELMA in ICRAF

PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +25420 7224419, +254 722 811743, +254 20 7224401,email k.mugo@cgiar.org, internet www.relma.org

Kimunya has worked in development since1997 with GTZ, the Swedish International De-velopment Agency (SIDA), and the Interna-tional Centre for Research in Agroforestry(ICRAF). He has also consulted for variousorganizations. His background is in horticul-ture, and he is currently finalizing his MA inmass communication at the Centre for MassCommunication Research, University ofLeicester. His work focuses on facilitating com-munication for development, producing anddisseminating well-targeted communicationproducts, and monitoring the efficiency andimpact of communication for development.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM232

233

14 Resources

Paul MundyIndependent consultant in developmentcommunication

Weizenfeld 4, 51467 Bergisch Gladbach, Ger-many. Tel. +49 2202 932921, fax +49 2202932922, email paul@mamud.com, internetwww.mamud.com

Paul is a British consultant in developmentcommunication. He holds a PhD in journalismand mass communications from the Univer-sity of Wisconsin-Madison. He specializes ineasy-to-understand extension materials, devel-oped through intensive writeshops like the oneused to produce this manual. He also providesconsultancy services in various aspects of de-velopment communication. He has workedextensively in Southeast Asia, South Asia andAfrica.

Stanley MuriukiFarmer

PO Box 205, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. Tel. +254724 83 77 61, c/o +254 62 62255, 62272, emailmuckletb@africaonline.co.ke

Stanley is a farmer and trainer on draft animaltechnology. Has over 8 years of experiencewith RELMA, the Conservation Agriculture forSustainable Agriculture in Rural Developmentproject, Cordaid, KEFRI and WWW Engineer-ing. He also mobilizes farmers on the conser-vation agriculture practices he himself uses.

Joseph MutuaTechnical Director, Kenya Network forDraught Animal Technology (KENDAT)

PO Box 2859-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 206766939, 66 33026, 722 718785, fax +254 206766939, email mmutua@wananchi.com, internetwww.atnesa.org/kendat/

Joseph holds a PhD in agricultural engineer-ing from Silsoe College, Cranfield University,UK. He has worked as a researcher in tillageand the adaptation of tools and equipment forover 18 years. He currently promotes conser-vation agriculture through farm-based re-search and extension, business, marketing andrural transport.

Joseph MwalleyAgromechanization Officer, Soil Conserva-tion and Agroforestry Programme (SCAPA),Arusha Regional Coordination Unit

PO Box 3163, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 274685, 744 293219, email mbegwe@yahoo.com

Mwalley specializes in conservation tillageand agriculture extension. He is currently con-servation agriculture coordinator with SCAPAfor the Arusha region. He has been involvedin conservation agriculture since 1998 in col-laboration with RELMA.

Charles MwandaAssistant Project Coordinator, ConservationAgriculture for Sustainable Agriculture inRural Development (CA-SARD), Ministryof Agriculture

PO Box 30028, Nairobi GPO 00100, Kenya. Tel.+254 20 2729535, 4451391, emailmwanda@actnairobi.com

Mwanda holds an MA in business and admin-istration, and a BSc in agricultural engineer-ing. He has worked on development issues forover 25 years, five of them on conservationagriculture. He is experienced on the use ofvarious participatory methodologies in agri-cultural extension.

Benson Maina MwangiDesigner, Schoolnet Computer Services

PO Box 10958-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 2736388, 2736391, mobile +254 733 785 309,fax +254 20 2728507, email info@schoolnett.com,bmmwangi@yahoo.com, internetwww.schoolnett.com

Benson is a freelance publication and web de-signer. He has been involved in severalwriteshops with IIRR and its various partnerssince 2000. He has interests in database design,development and management.

Hottensiah MwangiAgronomist and Researcher, Crop ProtectionProgramme, Kenya Agricultural ResearchInstitute/National Agricultural ResearchLaboratories

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM233

234

Conservation Agriculture

PO Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 4444255, 4443926, mobile 0722 323957, fax+254 20 4443926, emailhottensiah@wananchi.com

Hottensiah holds an MSc in crop protectionfrom the University of Bristol, UK, and a BScin agriculture from the University of Nairobi.She has worked for 18 years in KARI as a weedscientist, and for 8 years with the Kenya Con-servation Tillage Initiative and farming com-munities in arid and semi-arid areas. She hasextensive experience on conservation agricul-ture in East, Central and South Africa, as wellas in Brazil. She is vice-chair and founder mem-ber of Professional Association Women inAgriculture and Environment (KEPAWAE).

Paul Wamai MwangiProject District Coordinator, ConservationAgriculture for Sustainable Agriculture inRural Development project (CA-SARD)

Nairobi 2859-00200, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 4451391, 072 2327095, email paulwamai@yahoo.com

Paul holds a certificate in conservation agri-culture from ACT, and a diploma in informa-tion technology from Strathmore College,Nairobi. He has 4 years of experience in con-servation agriculture and community devel-opment work.

Philip MwangiField Technician, Conservation Agriculturefor Sustainable Agriculture in Rural Devel-opment project (CA-SARD)

PO Box 74849-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 4451394, 4451391, 4440942, emailmwangik@yahoo.com, mwangi@actnairobi.com

Philip holds a BSc in agriculture from the Uni-versity of Nairobi. He is currently working asa field technician with the CA-SARD project.

Hamisi Dulla MzobaCommunity Based Education Officer, Foodand Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations

PO Box 30470, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 2725069, 2725357, fax +254 20 2727384,2725788, email hmzoba@faonairobi.or.ke

Hamisi holds an MSc in natural resource man-agement from Cranfield University, UK, anda BSc in general agriculture at Sokoine Uni-versity of Agriculture. He worked as an agri-cultural extension officer for the AnglicanChurch of Tanzania for 4 years. His currentwork with FAO involves coordinating farmerfield school programmes in Kenya. He is in-volved in farmer training and provision ofextension services to smallholder farmers, aswell as project planning and support.

Gosta “Gus” NilssonManaging Director, Sanitas

Gaborone, Botswana. Tel. +267 3952538,3907143, email gus@sanitas.co.ke

Originally from Sweden, Gus has a PhD in plantpathology and has worked as a horticulturistin various countries since 1944. He specializesin nursery crops and dryland farming.

Elijah Njoroge NjengaDevelopment Artist, Prowess Plus Designs

PO Box 3784, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel.+254 724 762306, email prowessplus@yahoo.com

Elijah trained as a graphic designer and hasworked as a development artist with severalorganizations, including the Intermediate Tech-nology Development Group, ActionAid,ABANTU, KHRC, and the International Insti-tute of Rural Reconstruction. He has alsoworked with the schoolbook publishersMacmillan and Kenya Literature Bureau.

Rahab NjorogeStrategic Capacity Building OutreachManager, IIRR Africa

PO Box 66873-00800, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 444 2610, 4440991, fax +254 20 444 8814,email rahab@iirr-africa.org, internet www.iirr.org

Rahab has 15 years of facilitation, training andmanagement experience in business and de-velopment. She has been Principal of SATTCCollege in Mahe, Seychelles, and coordinatorof the ActionAid-Kenya Inter-DevelopmentCentre in Kisumu. She holds a BSc in businessmanagement from Florida International Uni-versity, a diploma in sales and marketing, andan advanced certificate in adult learning.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM234

235

14 Resources

Gnamitche Anne Djedjro EpNoriel NomelCommunity Development Officer, AgenceNationale d’Appui au Développement Rural

BP V183, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire. Tel. +225 2021 0564, email a.nomel@anader.or.ci,momelanne@hotmail.com

Anne holds a bachelor’s degree in chemicalengineering and an MSc in industrial engineer-ing from the State University of New York,Buffalo. She has worked for 15 years in foodresearch and development in a government/private-sector institute. For the past 5 yearsshe has been working with the National Com-munity Development and Land Tenure Pro-gramme.

Qureish NoordinDevelopment Facilitator, World Agro-forestry Centre (ICRAF)

PO Box 2389, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 572021918, 2021456, fax 2021234, emailq.noordin@cgiar.org, internetwww.worldagroforestrycentre.org

Noordin has an MPhil in tropical forest soils.He has 12 years of experience in community-based extension services and participatory ap-proaches. He is currently working with ICRAFas a development facilitator specializing inpartnerships and scaling up.

Anthony NyakuniExtension Advisor, National AgriculturalAdvisory Services (NAADS) Secretariat

Plot 39A Lumumba Avenue, Mukwasi House,Box 2 5235, Kampala, Uganda. Tel. +256 41345065, mobile 77874126, +256 41 347843, emailanyakuni@yahoo.com

Nyakuni holds a bachelor’s in agriculture andhas extensive field experience in soil and wa-ter management, agroforestry, sustainableland management and participatory extensionapproaches. Since 2003 he has facilitated theintegration of land management issues intoNAADS. He has written books on extensionapproaches and land resources.

Paul NyendeConsultant, Land Management, Food andAgriculture Organization of the UnitedNations, Technical Cooperation Programmeon Conservation Agriculture (TCP-CA)Project, Uganda

Tel. +256 77 495950, email pvnyende@yahoo.com,pnyende@africa2000network.org

Paul holds an MSc in soil science and a BSc inagriculture. He has previously worked withthe International Centre for Tropical Agricul-ture as a research associate in Uganda and as aprogramme coordinator with the Africa 2000Network. He is now a consultant on land man-agement for a project piloting conservationagriculture in Uganda.

Edwyn Odeny OdhiamboExecutive Director, National School FeedingCouncil of Kenya

Box 49772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20608960, email nsfck@yahoo.com,kyf73@hotmail.com

Odhiambo holds a BSc in agricultural econom-ics from Egerton University. He worked as avolunteer team leader for the Kenya YouthFoundation in charge of agriculture, food se-curity and sustainable natural resource man-agement, then joined the Kenya Freedom fromHunger Council as development officer forfood security, water and sanitation. In Febru-ary 2005 he became executive director of theNational School Feeding Council of Kenya.

Okech John OdingoFarmer, Kusa Community DevelopmentSociety

PO Box 110, Pap Onditi, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel.+254 733 341496

Okech is a retired education officer. He hasworked with many development projects andis a member of various voluntary organiza-tions. He takes a keen interest in farming ini-tiatives.

Wilfred Richard OdogolaDirector, Agricultural Engineering Research,Agricultural Engineering and AppliedTechnology Research Institute

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM235

236

Conservation Agriculture

PO Box 7144, Kampala, Uganda. Tel. +256 77220010, 041 566161, email aetri@starcom.co.ug

Odogola holds an MSc in agricultural engi-neering from the Agricultural Mechanizationand Electrification University, Rousse, Bul-garia. He has 30 years of experience as a lec-turer and researcher on agricultural engineer-ing with the National Agricultural ResearchOrganisation (NARO) of Uganda. He hasworked with projects funded by the Ugandangovernment, the World Bank, SIDA, DFID andother donors. Besides specializing in farmpower and mechanization, he has 8 years ofexperience in post-harvest and rural energysystems, and in water for agricultural produc-tion. He has been involved in conservationagriculture since 2000.

Alex Raymond OduorInformation Officer, Global Water Partner-ship Associated Programme, RELMA inICRAF

World Agroforestry Centre , PO Box 30677,Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224424,7224000, fax +254 20 7224401, emaila.oduor@cgiar.org, internet www.searnet.org

Alex holds as MSc in water and environmentalresources engineering from the UNESCO-IHEInstitute of Water Education in Delft, Nether-lands. As a research technologist with theSwedish Agency for Research Co-operationwith Developing Countries (SAREC), he wasin charge of the Steepland Research Station andthe Soil and Water Laboratories of the Depart-ment of Agricultural Engineering, Universityof Nairobi between 1990 and 1998. He alsoserved as a soil and water conservation officerwith the Ministry of Agriculture, MachakosDistrict, Kenya, from 1984 to 1990.

Aileen OgollaCommunication and Administrator Officer,World Agroforestry Centre

PO Box 30677-00100, United Nations Avenue,Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20 7224000 ext. 4108,fax +254 20 7224001, email a.ogolla@cgiar.org,internet www.worldagroforestrycentre.org

Aileen holds an MA in communication. Beforejoining the World Agroforestry Centre, sheworked as a public relations officer and as acommunications specialist with IIRR.

Benjamin OjwangIllustrator and Graphic Designer

PO Box 2290 KNH, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 720346983, email bennieojwang@yahoo.com

Benjamin has a BA in design from the Univer-sity of Nairobi. He has worked as a designerfor Longman Kenya, East Africa EducationalPublishers, and University of Nairobi Press.He produces freehand and computer-generatedscientific and technical art for publications.

Alfred OmbatiArtist

PO Box 64427-00600, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254723 350628, 721 420806, emailaholiabsart@yahoo.com

Alfred is a freelance artist. He has worked forEPZ (Ancheneyer), and has developed storybooks for Ribena and Panadol. He is currentlyworking with Cover Concept Ltd. as an illus-trator, as well as with IIRR. He does fine art,paintings, murals, portraits, book illustrationsand comics.

Kennedy OtienoFarmer Field School Facilitator and Exten-sionist, Conservation Agriculture forSustainable Agriculture in Rural Develop-ment project (CA-SARD)

PO Box 3, Siaya, Kenya. Tel. +254 721 735629,email elizabethopole@yahoo.com

Kennedy has been promoting conservationagriculture in western Kenya since 1995. Helearned farmer field school and conservationagriculture methods with FAO and FITCA(K).He has promoted conservation agriculture asa volunteer and has worked with various com-munity organizations on food security and theenvironment. He is currently studying indig-enous practices and cover crops.

Marietha OwenyaPrincipal Agricultural Field Officer I, SelianAgricultural Research Institute (SARI)

PO Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania. Tel. +255 744829544, 272 503146, emailmariethaowenya@yahoo.co.uk

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM236

237

14 Resources

Marietha works with SARI on on-farm socio-economics and agronomy research. She is alsoassistant national facilitator on conservationagriculture for sustainable development withan FAO-supported project covering 30 farmerfield schools in Tanzania.

Motipi RanthimoPastor and Trainer in Conservation Agricul-ture, Lesotho Evangelical Church

Tsoelike LEC, PO Box Tsoelike 612, Qachas Nek,Lesotho. Tel. +266 588 83670

Motipi studied theology at the Morija Semi-nary of the Lesotho Evangelical Church. Hehas been pastoring at Tsoelike Lesotho Evan-gelical Church for the last 7 years. He has beenpractising conservation agriculture for 3 yearswith support from FAO.

Cecilia RubenProgramme Development Manager, Stock-holm Environment Institute (SEI)

Box 2142, 10314 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel. +46 8412 1416, fax +46 8 723 0348, emailcecilia.ruben@sei.se, internet www.sei.se,www.ecosanres.org

Cecilia has an MSc in urban planning fromColumbia University, New York, and a Filkand in cultural geography and political sci-ence from Stockholm University. She has beeninvolved in international environment re-search and development cooperation since1971. Her work with the Stockholm Environ-mental Institute focuses on policy developmentfor sustainability, and especially on ecologi-cal sanitation.

Brian SimsIndependent Consultant on Small FarmMechanization, Engineering for Develop-ment

3 Bourneside, Bedford, MK41 7EG, UK. Tel. +441234 271699, 7966 155738, emailbriangsims@aol.com

Brian has 30 years of experience of smallholderfarm mechanization development, especiallyin Latin America. He has focused on needs as-sessment, participatory technology develop-

ment, on-farm testing and evaluation, and com-munal manufacture and distribution. He is nowusing his experience to enhance conservationagriculture technology in sub-Saharan Africa.

Kurt SteinerIndependent Consultant in Land Manage-ment

Goethestr. 7, 69250 Schonau, Germany. Tel. +496228 8457, email kurtsteiner@t-online.de

Kurt has worked on agricultural research inAfrica since 1970, first in plant pathology andthen plant breeding. Since 1980, he has workedon smallholder farming systems, promotingintercropping in West and East Africa. He hasintroduced on-farm experimentation in re-search and development projects in variouscountries. He has promoted sustainable soilmanagement and conservation tillage through-out the continent. He is co-founder of the Afri-can Conservation Tillage Network.

Gelson TemboLecturer/Research Consultant, Departmentof Agricultural Economics and ExtensionEducation, University of Zambia

PO Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia. Tel. +2601 295419, 97 445494, email tembogel@zamnet.zm

Gelson holds a PhD in agricultural economicsand statistics from Oklahoma State Universityand a bachelor of agricultural sciences fromthe University of Zambia. He has worked forthe Dutch-funded Farming Systems ResearchTeam-Western Province project, and as an ag-ricultural economist for the Zambian govern-ment. He has conducted research on econom-ics in Zambia and the USA, and has been in-volved in various regional and internationalmissions, including for the United Nations,NEPAD, FAO and the African ConservationTillage Network. He is currently part of a teamof designing a collaborative masters pro-gramme in agricultural and applied econom-ics, involving 16 African universities.

Melesse TemesgenResearcher, Agricultural Engineer, EthiopianAgricultural Research Organization

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM237

238

Conservation Agriculture

PO Box 954, Nazareth, Ethiopia. Tel. +251 9253409, +251 2 110566, fax +251 2 110566, emailmelesse@ethionet.et

Melesse holds a BSc from Alemaya Universityand an MSc in agricultural engineering fromNewcastle University in the UK. He has beenresearcher in Ethiopia for 16 years and is cur-rently studying for his PhD on conservationtillage in the Netherlands.

Bernard TriompheResearcher, Conservation Agriculture andParticipatory Approaches, CIRAD

TA 60115, Av Agropolis 34398, MontpellierCedex 5, France. Tel. +33 4 67615614, fax +33 467614415, email bernard.triomphe@cirad.fr,internet www.cirad.fr

Bernard is an agronomist with 20 years’ expe-rience in farming and cropping systems re-search. During the past 15 years he has beencombining his interest in participatory ap-proaches with sustainable agriculture, conser-vation agriculture and cover crops, with directfield experience in Latin America, and morerecently in Africa.

Bob WagnerEditor

PO Box 76406, Nairobi 00580, Kenya. Tel. +25420 2725297, email bobolink@iconnect.co.ke

Bob earned his MSc in dryland natural resourcemanagement with the Institute for Desert Re-search, University of Beersheba, Israel. As re-gional coordinator for the Arid Lands Infor-mation Network (1993 to 1999), he producedthe well-known Baobab magazine. Since then,he has worked as a freelance writer and editorfor several international organizations, with afocus on documenting sustainable natural re-source management projects and practices.

Other contributorsThe following contributed manuscripts but didnot attend the writeshop.

Patrick AkowuaMinistry of Food and Agriculture, Kumasi,Ghana. Email akowua963@yahoo.com

Jens AuneUniversity of Agriculture, Norway. Emailjens.aune@umb.no, jensan@umb.no

Elijah BiamahDepartment of Environmental and Bio-systemsEngineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Emailbiamahek@yahoo.com

Kofi BoaUniversity of Science and Technology, Kumasi,Ghana. Email kboa55@yahoo.co.uk

Emmanuel BobobeeDepartment of Agricultural Engineering,University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,Ghana

Adrian BolligerDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, RoyalVeterinary and Agricultural University,Denmark. Email amb@kvl.dk

Roy Musonda ChitiAgriculture Support Programme, Zambia. Emailrmchiti@msn.com, chipaspftl@zamtel.zm

Cynthia DonovanDepartment of Agricultural Economics, MichiganState University, USA. Email donovanc@msu.edu

Carl-Fredrik von EssenDept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University ofAgriculture, Sweden

Heluf GebrekidanAlemaya University, Ethiopia. Emailhelufgebrekidan@yahoo.com

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM238

239

14 Resources

Bekurestision HabteGhebremdhinMinistry of Agriculture, Eritrea. Emailbekuretsionh@moa.gov.er

Patrick GicheruKenya Soil Survey, Kenya. Emailkss@iconnect.co.ke

Daniel GlounahoAgence Nationale d’Appui au DéveloppementRural, Côte d’Ivoire. Emaild.glounaho@anader.or.ci

Steven HaggbladeInternational Food Policy Research Institute,USA. Email s.haggblade@cgiar.org

Peter HobbsCornell University, USA. Emailph14@cornell.edu

Olivier HussonCIRAD, Madagascar. Email gsdm.@wanadoo.mg,olivier.husson@cirad.fr

Alex LwakubaMinistry of Agriculture, Animal Industry andFisheries, Uganda. Email psmaaif@infocom.co.ugor alwakuba@yahoo.com

Catherine MaguzuRECODA, Tanzania. Email recodatz@yahoo.co.uk

Fares MahuhaMinistry of Agriculture and Food Security,Tanzania

B.B. MishraAlemaya University, Ethiopia. Emailbbm_soil_2003@yahoo.com, bbm_soil@freemail.et

John E. Morrison, JrUniversity of Tennessee, USA. Emailmorrison@mounet.com

Joseph Gichane MureithiLegume Research Network Project, KenyaAgricultural Research Institute, Kenya. Emailjmureithi@africaonline.co.ke

Kithinji MutungaSoil and Water Conservation Branch, Ministry ofAgriculture, Kenya. Emailk.mutunga@nalep.co.ke

Vasey MwajaBayer East Africa Ltd., Kenya. Emailvmwaja@bayerea.com

Krishna NaudinCIRAD/ESA Project, Cameroon. Emailnaudin@cirad.fr, krishna.naudin@sodecoton.cm

Jens NolinDept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University ofAgriculture, Sweden

Ambrose NzabiKARI, Kisii, Kenya

Brian OldreiveAgriway, Zimbabwe. Emailagriway@mweb.co.zw, brian@farming-gods-way.org

Walter de OliveiraMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and RuralDevelopment, Kosovo. Email deoliveiraw@sass-iak.org, wde_oliveira@yahoo.com

Dominick RingoRECODA, Tanzania. Email recodatz@yahoo.co.uk

Johan RockströmStockholm Environment Institute, Sweden. EmailJohan.Rockstrom@sei.se

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM239

240

Conservation Agriculture

Resource organizations and websites

Regional Land Management Unit(RELMA in ICRAF)World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF House, UNAvenue, PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.Tel. +254 20 524400, 524418, fax +254 20524401, 524001, email relma@cgiar.org, internetwww.relma.org

Supports small-scale farm production manage-ment (including conservation agriculture), ca-pacity building, information and documenta-tion, gender, environmental concerns, povertyreduction and efforts to combat HIV/AIDS.

Winrock InternationalONFARM, BP E 457, Bamako, Mali. Tel. +223293880, fax +223 292281, emailnhanssens@winrock-mali.org, internetwww.winrock.org. Contact: Neils Hanssens, WestAfrica Coordinator

Conservation Tillage Project (Senegal, Maliand Cote d’Ivoire); On-Farm Agriculture Re-sources Management (ONFARM) Program

Burkina Faso

Institut de l’environnement et derecherches agricoles (INERA)Station de Koudougou, BP 10 Koudougou,Burkina Faso. Tel. +226 5044 65 10, 76 59 06 40,email altbarro@yahoo.fr. Contact: Albert Barro

Station de Farako-ba, 01 BP 910, Bobo-Dioulasso01, Burkina Faso. Tel. +226 70264719, emailsoul_oueder@hotmail.com, osilamana@yahoo.fr.Contact: Souleymane Ouédraogo

Africa-wide

Africa Conservation Tillage(ACT) NetworkZimbabwe office: No. 9 Balmoral Road,Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe. Tel. +263 4882107, fax +263 4 885596, emailactnetwork@africaonline.co.zw, internetwww.act.org.zw. Contact: Martin Bwalya,Coordinator

Kenya office: PO Box 14733 00800, Westlands,Nairobi, Kenya. Email actnairobi@wananchi.com

Promotes and facilitates sharing of informa-tion and experiences on conservation farmingprinciples and practices in Africa.

Animal Traction Network forEastern and Southern Africa(ATNESA)www.atnesa.org

Access to over 700 documents, many of rel-evance to conservation agriculture.

CropLife Africa Middle Eastwww.croplifeafrica.org

Represents manufacturers and distributors ofcrop protection products (pesticides), seeds andbiotechnology products in Africa and the Mid-dle East.

Ecoporthttp://ecoport.org

An important database for conservation agri-culture practitioners and others.

Green Water Harvesting NetworkContact: Maimbo Malesu, m.malesu@cgiar.org

Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM240

241

14 Resources

Cameroon

Bimbia Bonadikombo NaturalResource Management Council(BBNRMC)Tel. +237 935 62 50, email kjerry87@yahoo.com.Contact: Jerome Bekoh Keji

Cotton Development Company(SODECOTON)PO Box 302, Garoua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 9833881, email projet.esa@sodecoton.cn. Contact:Abdoulaye Abou Abba, Head officer, SoilManagement Division

Soil conservation and water harvesting projectmonitored by Sodecoton and implementingfield activities, training on soil conservation,water harvesting and implementation of con-servation agriculture.

Institute of Agricultural Researchfor Development (IRAD)PO Box 33, Maroua, Cameroon. Tel. +237 292640,fax +237 292640. Contact: Oin Noé

National research institute which works onconservation agriculture.

Chad

Institut Tchadien de RechercheAgronomique pour leDéveloppement (ITRAD)Programme Gestion des Ressources Naturelles,ITRAD, BP5400, NDjaména, Chad. Tel. +235520073, email itrad@intnet.td Contact: MichelNaitormbaide, tel. +235 29 87 66, emailnaitormbaide_michel@yahoo.fr,damienhh@yahoo.fr.

Ethiopia

Mekelle UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Tel. +251 4 41 0969, 40 75 00, fax +251 4 41 09 69. Contact:Fisseha Meresa, fishmere@yahoo.com,fishmere@mu.edu.et

Adaptation of maresha ploughs.

Ghana

Ministry of Food and Agriculture,Crop Services DirectoratePO Box M 37, Accra, Ghana. Tel. +233 21665066, email cropserv@ghana.com Contact: J.K.Poku

Conservation agriculture included in workprogramme.

Guinea

Centre de RecherchesAgronomique de Bordo (CRAB)IRAG, BP 352, Kankan, Guinée. Tel. +224 11 58 4276, email kourouma_makan@yahoo.fr. Contact:Makan Kourouma

Kenya

Consortium for Scaling upOptions for Increased FarmProductivity in Western Kenya(COSOFAP)PO Box 25199, Kisumu, Kenya. Tel. +254 057351163/64, fax +254 057 2021234, emailicrafksm@cgiar.org, internet www.ugunja.org/cosofap/

Training and provision of starter seeds forcover crops and fertilizer trees.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM241

242

Conservation Agriculture

International Maize and WheatImprovement Centre (CIMMYT)PO Box 1041-00621, Village Market, NairobiKenya. Tel. +254 20 7224600/05, fax +254 207224601, internet www.cimmyt.org. Contact:Fred Kanampiu, fkanampiu@cgiar.org

The project “Conservation agriculture promo-tion in smallholder agriculture” is imple-mented in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi andTanzania. It promotes farmer-to-farmer adop-tion of proven conservation agriculture tech-nologies and practices.

Kenya Agriculture ResearchInstitute (KARI)PO Box 57811, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 2583301–20, email jwwamuongo@kari.org.Contact: Jane Wamuongo or Joseph Mutua

Operating within the Kenya Conservation Till-age Initiative (KCTI) in Kenya’s subtropicaland semi-arid environments.

Kenya Network for DraughtAnimal Technology (KENDAT)PO Box 2859, 00200, City Square, Nairobi,Kenya. Tel./fax+254 20 6766939, emailkendat@africaonline.co.ke, internetwww.atnesa.org/kendat/ Contact: PascalKaumbutho

Partner (with the Ministry of Agriculture,RELMA, KARI, and the University of Nairobi)in the Kenya Conservation Tillage Initiative.Pilot trials of conservation agriculture, train-ing of farmers and animals, training in han-dling equipment, field-days, key-stakeholderexposure and media campaigns, and manufac-ture and marketing of conservation tillageequipment.

Kenya Youth FoundationPO Box 1894,00200 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254 20550278, email kyf3@hotmail.com,kenya@youthlink.org. Contact: Bernard Luta

Rural Youth Livelihood Programme inNyando District, Nyanza Province, involvestraining of youths on sustainable agriculture,income generation, and support services to theagricultural sector in Nyando.

National School FeedingCouncil of KenyaPO Box 49772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +25420 608960, email nsfck@yahoo.com

Community-based school feeding programmeinvolves training and facilitating schools andcommunities around them to produce foodtowards school feeding, implemented inMaragwa, Bondo and Thika districts. Conser-vation agriculture components introduced inMaragwa District.

Triple W Engineering Ltd.PO Box 176, Naro Moru 10105, Kenya. Tel. +25462 62255, fax +254 62 62272. Contact: T.B.Muckle, muckle@africaonline.co.ke

Design and development of hand/animal-drawn conservation agriculture equipment foroxen, donkeys and camels. All equipment canbe made by artisans with simple facilities us-ing locally available raw materials. Trainingof artisans, production of manuals, and designof light equipment suitable for women andyoung people.

Madagascar

Groupement Semis DirectMadagascarBP 6039, Ambanidia, Antananarivo, Madagascar.Tel. +261 20 22 27 627, email gsdm@wanadoo.mg,internet www.cirad.mg/fr/scv.php,www.agroecologie.cirad.fr

South Africa

Agricultural ResourceConsultantsPO Box 3474, Parklands 2121, South Africa. Tel.+27 486 2254, +27 486 2274, emailagrecon@pixie.co.za. Contact: Jim Findlay

Expertise in conservation agriculture through-out Africa, and in registration and legislationof crop protection products.

14resources.pmd 8/22/2005, 8:42 PM242

243

14 Resources

Department of Agriculture,Western CapeTel. +27 21 808 5340, fax +27 21 808 5370, emailandrer@elsenburg.com. Contact: Andre Roux

Agricultural research, advisory services andplanter modification, especially for farmerswho grow wheat and vegetables using conser-vation agriculture in Western Cape.

Grain Crops InstituteAgricultural Research Council of South Africa(ARC-GCI), Private Bag X 9029,Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa. Tel. +27 333559410, fax +27 33 3559518, emailrmfowler@iafrica.com. Contact: Richard Fowler

Promotion and advice on adoption of conser-vation agriculture in southern Africa.

Institute for Soil, Climate & WaterAgricultural Research Council of South Africa(ARC-ISCW), Pretoria, Gauteng Province, SouthAfrica. Tel. +27 12 310 2500, fax +27 12 3231157, email DjBeukes@arc.agric.za orHjsmith@arc.agric.z