conservation and development of perlis state park...conservation and development of perlis state...

CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

OF

PERLIS STATE PARK

Tourism Development and Management Plan

Draft Final Report

June 2001

Implementing Agency State Forestry Department, Perlis Funding Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development (DANCED) Consultant WWF Malaysia

CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERLIS STATE PARK Tourism Development and Management Plan Draft Final Report June 2001

This report contains restricted information and is for official use only.

Project Report no. : 04/04

Issue no. : 01

Date of Issue : 11 June, 2001

DANCED File no. : 123/324-0014 (75.mal.3a/2)

Prepared by : Dr. Amran Hamzah

Checked by : Rahimatsah Amat & Kasim Osman

Approved by :


Conservation and Development of Perlis State Park ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ………………………………..…………………….………. 1

2.0 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES …………………………………………………….. 1

3.0 REVIEW OF RELATED POLICIES …………………………………………… 2

3.1 Malaysia Tourism Policy (1991 – 2000) ……………………………… 2

3.2 National Ecotourism Policy ……………………………………………. 4

3.3 State of Perlis Tourism and Recreation Master Plan (1985 - 1995) .. 4

3.4 Kangar Structure Plan (1989) and Kangar Structure

Plan (review) (1999) ………………………………………………….. 5

4.0 OVERVIEW OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN PERLIS …………………… 11

4.1 Tourist Arrivals …………………………………………………………. 11

4.2 Tourism Products ……………………………………………………. 12

5.0 ANALYSIS OF TOURIST DEMAND …………………………………………. 15

5.1 Analysis of Tourist Demand within the State of Perlis ……………… 15

5.1.1 Tourist Profile ………………………………………………….. 16

5.1.2 Tourist Motivation ………………..……………………………. 19

5.2 Analysis of Tourist demand within Park (Wang Burma) ……………. 26

5.2.1 Visitor Arrivals to Wang Burma ………………………………. 26

5.2.2 Number of Accommodation Facilities ………………………. 27

5.2.3 Tourist Demand Analysis ……………………………………. 27

5.3 Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 28

6.0 EVALUATION OF TOURISM RESOURCES WITHIN

PERLIS STATE PARK …………………………………………………………. 30

6.1 Natural and Cultural Resources ………………………………….….. 30

7.0 LOCAL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ……………………………………… 49

7.1 Kampung Wang Kelian ………………………………………………… 49

7.2 Kaki Bukit ………………………………………………………………… 53

7.3 Summary ………………………………………………………………… 55

8.0 BORDER TOWN SHOPPING AT WANG KELIAN SUNDAY MARKET …… 56

9.0 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT FOR TOURISM …………………………….. 58

10.0 MAIN FINDINGS ……………………………………………………………….. 59

11.0 PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………….. 61

1.0 INTRODUCTION This report will firstly, recommend the overall tourism development concept for the Perlis

State Park. Secondly, it will describe the physical development proposals. Thirdly, it will

present a tourism marketing plan to promote the park as a major ecotourism destination.

Fourthly, it will suggest the implementation programme and provide as estimation of the

overall development costs. Finally, it will propose development guidelines and visitor

management techniques to minimise the potential impacts of the proposed development.

2.0 OVERALL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

The overall development concept aims to transform Perlis State Park into a major

ecotourism destination in the State of Perlis as well as the northern region. The details of

the development concept are as follows : (Figure 2.1 and 2.2)

2.1 Tourist Image The recommended tourist image should portray the Park’s distinct natural and cultural

resources, namely :

• The fauna and flora of the semi-deciduous forest;

• The limestone hills and caves; and

• The cave mining heritage

The tourist image should exploit the popularity and established tourist image of Gua

Kelam I by developing new attractions around it, to be promoted as an integrated tourism

product.


Conservation and Development of Perlis State Park 2



2.2 Tourism Hubs and ‘Honeypots’ In order to achieve critical mass and economy of scale, three tourism hubs are

recommended at locations that are capable of accommodating high levels of usage.

These ‘honeypots’ are to be located at : (refer Section 3.1)

• Gua Kelam II (linked with Gua Kelam I)

• Wang Burma Visitors Centre

• Wang Kelian Sunday Market

2.3 Scale of Development The intended development should be low scale and low density, designed to follow the

natural topography and blend with the surrounding environment. Appropriate technology

should be used to provide ventilation, light and to treat and dispose wastewater.

Whenever possible, energy saving measures should also be adopted.

2.4 Market Segmentation Although the current attractions are popular with researchers and students, the Perlis

State Park should be meant for all types of tourists. This is to match tourist demand as

well as an attempt to educate the general public on the importance of the forest

resources, which may not be achieved if the Park is only restricted to ecotourists and

educational tourists.

In the short term, the target market should consist of domestic tourists especially school

children, university students and families. In the long term, the Park should try to attract

foreign tourists beginning with the transit visitors on their way to Pulau Langkawi and

Southern Thailand.

2.5 Sustainability The tourism development within the Park should be developed based on the concept of

sustainable development. The three main principles that should be adhered to are as

follows :

• It should not degrade the environment;

• It should achieve visitor satisfaction; and

• It should directly benefit the local economy and population.



3.0 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

In the effort to establish Perlis State Park as a major ecotourism destination, tourism

product development is imperative. This will require the upgrading of existing facilities and

the physical development of new attractions, complimented by human resource

development. This section will describe the three main development proposals, which are

as follows :

i. Physical Development of Tourism Attractions

• Gua Kelam Tourist Complex

• Wang Burma Visitor Centre

• Wang Kelian Shopping Arcade

ii. Development of Trails

• Trail 1 (Heritage Trail)

• Trail 2 (Adventure Trail).

• Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail)

• Trails 4 and 5 (Leisure Trail)

• Trail 6 (Scenic Route)

iii. Community Tourism Development

• Kampung Wang Kelian

• Pekan Kaki Bukit

3.1 Physical Development of Tourist Attractions The physical development of tourist attraction is aimed at concentrating tourists at specific

locations (usually termed as honeypots) so as to reduce the level of usage at

sensitive/fragile areas of PSP. By attracting tourists to areas with relatively higher carrying

capacity threshold limits, critical mass will be achieved and the high visitation to specific

locations will ensure the economic viability of the tourism facilities to be developed.



3.1.1 Gua Kelam Tourist Complex The Gua Kelam Tourist Complex involves the development of Gua Kelam II to

compliment the existing tourism/recreational development at Gua Kelam I. The

ultimate aim is to create a multi-attraction tourist complex for mass tourists.

Currently, Gua Kelam I is the most visited tourist attraction in Perlis having

established a tourist image based on its physical resources comprising a show

cave, recreation area, deer park and a large picnic area.

i. Development Concept and Theme

The proposed development of Gua Kelam II will create a vibrant mass tourism

attraction aimed at consolidating Gua Kelam (I and II) as the core tourism product

within PSP and the State of Perlis. Essentially, it will highlight the cave resources

within the area as well as show case the cave mining heritage. (Figure 3.1)

At 3.6 km long, Gua Kelam II is the longest cave in Peninsular Malaysia. As such it

has the capacity to accommodate high tourist visitation albeit in a controlled

manner. The main attraction will be a series of show caves and semi-adventure

caves complimented by other tourist facilities. Another major attraction being

proposed is the construction of the Perlis Cave Mining Museum, to be located

adjacent to the main cave entrance. The museum will portray the cave mining

history by exhibiting artefacts as well as staging certain details of the cave mining

heritage. Borrowing from the concept used by the Sarawak Cultural Village, the

staging of the cave mining activities will overcome the usually static presentation

found in museums but it should also recreate the authenticity of such activities.

The proposed development components are as follows : (Table 3.1 and 3.2)

Table 3.1 : Proposed Development Components at Gua Kelam Tourist Complex

Development Proposal DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS

Gua Kelam II • Show Caves • Restaurant / Stalls • Souvenir Shops • Information / Ticket Counter • Wakaf • Toilets • Clinic

Perlis Cave Mining Museum

• Presentation / Interpretation materials



• Staging of mining heritage activities

• Exhibition hall • Mini library / resource centre • Audio Visual Room • Parking • Toilets • Public telephones • Office

ii. Signage The Gua Kelam Tourist Complex should be developed to a high standard of

presentation, comfort and safety to ensure tourist satisfaction. Signage should be

clear and well-placed whilst public amenities such as public telephones and toilets

should be well-maintained.

iii. Entrance Fee

An entrance fee should be charged at a reasonable rate but flexible enough to

offer discounts to families, groups and students.

The recreational area at Gua Kelam Tourist Complex needs proper maintenance to offer a high standard of service



Table 3.2 : Proposed Concept Development For Gua Kelam Tourist Complex (Gua Kelam II)

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR ZONE 1A

Development Project

Development Concept Development Component Activities

Gua Kelam Tourist Complex

(Gua Kelam II)

Mass tourism attraction. Family-based attractions centred around cave resources.

• Wakaf • Information Centre • Showcave • Restaurant • Tables and chairs • Public Telephones • Parking • Picnic Site • Toilets • Signage

• Trekking • Cave Visit • Guided walk • Educational

programme • Bird watching • Nature

photography • Leisure

Perlis Mining Museum

Showpiece for cave mining heritage

• Office • Information and Sales

Counter • Show Room • Audio-Visual Room • Toilet • Parking • Signage

• Guided tours • Audio-Visual

Presentation • Reenactment of

cave mining history

iv. Management As Gua Kelam I is under the jurisdiction of the Perlis Agriculture Department, it is

proposed that the Gua Kelam Tourist Complex be developed and managed jointly

by the Perlis Agriculture Department and the Perlis Forestry Department.



3.1.2 Wang Burma Visitor Centre The main development proposed at the Wang Burma Visitor Centre is an

expansion programme to consolidate the centre’s role as a one-stop centre for

tourists and researchers. Essentially, it should function as a control centre to

monitor research being carried out within the Park area as well as tourist flow.

(Figure 3.2)

i. Development Concept and Theme

The Wang Burma Visitors Centre can be divided into two zones, namely Zone 2A

which is centred around the main building and Zone 2B which is the

accommodation area located about 1 km. inside, on the way to the Wang Burma II

caves. In upgrading and expanding the facilities at the visitor centre, the

development concept is focused on the interpretive role of the centre in attracting

tourists to venture into the Park. In terms of development sequence, the first step

is to upgrade the presentation of the interpretive materials in the visitors centre

located in Zone 2A. Secondly, it is imperative to develop interpretive trails

originating from the centre, which portray different aspects of the Park’s physical

features, fauna and flora. Finally, it will involve the establishment of the one-stop

centre for tourists that offers services such as tour guides, onward reservation and

souvenir shops selling locally-made handicrafts.

Table 3.3 : Development Sequence For Zone 2A

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Improve Interpretive

Materials

Develop

Interpretive Trails

Establish One-Stop

Centre

The development components proposed at Zone 2A of the Wang Kelian Visitors

Centre are intended to upgrade the existing facilities in line with the overall aim of

consolidating the centre’s role as a one-stop centre for tourists / researchers. The

recommended components to be developed at the visitor centre are as follows :

(Table 3.4)



Table 3.4 : Proposed Upgrading of Wang Burma Visitors Centre

Development Proposal Development Components

Wang Burma Visitors Centre

• Perlis State Park Office • Upgrading of Interpretive Centre • One-Stop Tourist Centre • Conference Room • Souvenir Shop • Surau • Restaurant • Herbs Garden • Observatory Tower

The Herbs Garden will educate visitors on the types and uses of the herbs found in the Park area.



Another major development component proposed is a Limestone Research Centre

to be constructed next to the main building in Zone 2A. Given the setting of Perlis

State park within a limestone ecosystem, the research centre is expected to play a

vital role as a research cum educational centre. The research centre will comprise

the following development components : (Table 3.5)

Table 3.5 : Proposed Development Components for Limestone Research Centre

Development Proposal Development Components Limestone Research Centre • Administrative Office

• Laboratories • Meeting room(s) • Exhibition Hall / Gallery • Library • Toilets

The development concept for Zone 2B is aim at creating a vibrant centre for

recreational and research activities by developing facilities that are able to

generate a hub of activities. The main development components will be a canopy

walkway, interpretive trails and recreational facilities. The canopy walkway should

be a steel structure to reduce maintenance cost. The proposed development

components are as follows : (Table 3.6 and 3.7)

Table 3.6 : Proposed Development Components at Zone 2B


Wang Burma Visitors Centre (Recreational Area)

• Canopy Walkway • Sepak Takraw, Netball and

Volleyball Courts • Public Phone • Parking



Table 3.7 : Proposed Concept Development For Wang Burma Visitor Centre

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR ZONE 2A Development Project Development Concept Development Component Activities

Perlis State Park Information And Visitor Centre

Perlis State Park operation and management centre.

• Perlis State Park Office • Clinic • Information / Booking

Counter • Equipment Counter • Multi-purpose Hall • Meeting Room • Herbs Garden • Restaurant • Store • Parking • Toilet • Boardwalk • Observating Towers • Souvenirs Outlets • Surau • Public Telephone • Wakaf • Signage

• Park operation and management

• Equipment rental

• Bird watching • Nature

Photography • Leisure and

recreation • Convention

Perlis State Park Research Centre (including Limestone Research Centre)

Research centre cum outdoor laboratary

• Office • Laboratories • Meeting Room • Library • Store • Parking • Toilets • Wakaf • Signage

• Research and education

Proposed Development For Zone 2B

Development Project Development Concept Development Component Activities

Wang Burma Recreation Centre

Recreation facilities for groups to create activities

• Canopy Walkway • Sepak Takraw Court • Netball Court Bola

Jaring • Volley-Ball Court • Signage

• Trekking • Caving • Guided walk • Educational

programme • Bird watching • Nature

photography • Leisure • Team building • Research



i. Signage The use of proper signage is essential to guide the flow of visitors as well as to

educate them. Signage is especially important along the intepretive trails and code

of conduct for tourists should also be included as part of the overall signage.

ii. Maintenance Regular maintenance is another vital ingredient that includes the maintenance of

buildings, structures and equipment. Therefore, it is essential that maintenance

cost should be incorporated into the yearly budget.

An artist impression of the canopy walkway



3.1.3 Wang Kelian Shopping Arcade The Sunday Market at Wang Kelian attracts about 15, 000 tourists to Park State

Park every Sunday albeit not because of the Park’s natural resources.

Notwithstanding their lack of interest in the Park’s natural/cultural resources, these

are bona fide tourists and therefore, the impact of their visitation should be

properly managed. This is to ensure that the negative impact of a high level of

usage in one concentrated area is minimised whilst the positive economic impact

is trickled down to the local economy / population. (Figure 3.3)

i. Development Concept and Components The overall development concept is to create a unique border town shopping

experience. Thus it is vital to retain the informal shopping environment and

subsequently establish a strong linkage with the other tourism products within the

Park.

The construction of a shopping arcade which offers a comfortable shopping

environment with adequate infrastructure and amenities will help reposition the

Malaysian side of the Sunday Market to portray a distinct image as well as regulate

traffic flow. A low rise, low density development set in between the green spaces

will offer better comfort compared to the hot and crowded atmosphere across the

border. In addition, the provision of public facilities such as surau, public toilets,

shower facilities, and restaurants will act as a pull factor.

The development area covers the stretch of land from the border to the Wang

Burma Visitors Centre. The shopping arcade and a Customs and Immigration

Complex are proposed at the border (Zone 3A) whist an R & R is recommended

at Zone 3B, which is closer to the Wang Burma Visitors Centre. The proposed

development components for both zones are as follows : (Table 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10)



Table 3.8 : Proposed Development Components At Zone 3A


Shopping Area at Zone 3A • Bazaar

• Food Court

• Handicraft Stalls

• Surau

• Public Toilets

• Bus Terminal

• Parking Area

• Wakaf

• Landscaping

Proposed bus and taxi terminal in Wang Kelian Shopping Arcade



Table 3.9 : Proposed Development Components at Zone 3B


Zone 3B • Picnic Area

• Wakaf

• Boardwalk

• Observatory Towers

• Toilets

• Parking Area

ii. Rubbish Collection and Disposal

Since the shoppers produce a large amount of litter every Sunday it is

recommended that rubbish collection and disposal is carried out properly by a

private contractor engaged by the local authority.

iii. Priority to Local Operators

The local population especially from Kampung Wang Kelian should be given

priority in operating the retail outlets at the shopping arcade. Preference should

also be given to local co-operatives before individuals.

Proposed recreation and resting facilities in Wang Kelian Shopping Arcade (Zone 3B)



Table 3.10 : Proposed Concept Development For Wang Kelian Sunday Market

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR ZONE 3A Development Project Development Concept Development Component Activities

Wang Kelian Sunday Market

Comfortable and informal border shopping experience

• Immigration and Custom Complex

• Parking • Bus And Taxi Terminal • Office and Shops • Toilets • Arcade (Bazaar) • Information Corner • Food Court • Surau • Landscape • Wakaf • Public Telephone

• Shopping • Recreation

Table 3.10 : Proposed Concept Development For Wang Kelian Sunday Market (cont).

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR ZONE 3B Development Project Development Concept Development Component Activities

Wang Kelian Sunday Market (R & R)

Rest area complemented by leisure and educational activities

• Wakaf • Towers • Boardwalk • Picnic Area • Toilet • Public Telephone • Parking • Table and Chair

• Leisure and recreation

• Bird-watching

• Nature Photography

• Picnic



3.2 Construction of Trails Five trails of different length and levels of difficulty are proposed within Perlis State Park.

The description of each proposed trail is as follows :

3.2.1 Trail 1 (Heritage Trail) The trail begins at Kg. Wang Kelian and ends at Gua Kelam I. Following the

original trail used by the cave miners in the past, the trail measures 5.2 km long

and can be completed in about 1 hour. The main attractions along this trail are the

cave mining history, the rural kampung ambiance and the outstanding views along

it. The terrain along the trail is gentle and therefore suitable for all age groups.

(Figure 3.4 and Table 3.11)

i. Theme

The theme of Trail 1 is the cave mining heritage which can be portrayed by using

visual and oral interpretative materials. The proper use of signage and information

boards along the trail should be provided. Likewise, the kampung youths can be

trained as guides with the ability to explain to tourists the cave mining history in

relation to the trail.

ii. Proposed Physical Development The initial construction will involve the restoration of the pavements and huts

formerly used by the cave miners. Subsequently, the provision of tourist facilities

are proposed at 8 stations along the trail, which are as follows :

Station Attractions Facilities

A Entrance to Kampung Wang Kelian

Wakaf, information board and welcome sign

B Valley with outstanding views

Wakaf and direction signage

C Wang Tangga and outstanding views

Wakaf, hand rails and information board describing history of Wang Tangga

D Orchards Wakaf, observation tower, information board and ‘pick your own’ fruits at orchards

E Junction to Gua Kelam, Tasik Melati and Lata Kasih

Wakaf, observation tower and signage

F Former Workers’ Kongsi

Wakaf and information on way of life of cave miners

G Gua Kelam I Wakaf and ‘Welcome to Gua Kelam’ signage H Kaki Bukit Wakaf and picture gallery depicting Kaki Bukit’s images

of the past



An example of an information board



Table 3.11 : Proposed Development For Trail 1 (Heritage Trail)

TRAIL THEME ACTIVITIES FACILITIES DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY

TARGET GROUP

• Station A (Access Road To Kampung Wang Kelian)

Education and Leisure

• Orienteering and Mapreading

• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking

• Wakaf • Information

Kiosk • Dustbin • Signage

• Easy (*) • Families • Wang Kelian

Sunday Market shoppers

• Students • Researchers

• Station B (Kampung Wang

Kelian)


• Agrotourism • Homevisit and

afternoon tea with locals

• Bird-watching • Photography • Trekking • Education

Programme • Visit to SMIs

• Wakaf • Dustbin • Public

Telephone • Signage




• Station C (Bukit Genting Hantu)


• Photography • Trekking • Nature Study • Cultural

Interpretation

• Wakaf • Rope • Signage

• Easy but challenging towards the top (*) and (**)

• Families • Wang Kelian



Note : DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY

* easy ** challenging *** very challenging



Table 3.11 : Proposed Development For Trail 1 (Heritage Trail) (cont.)


TARGET GROUP

• Station D (Orchard)

Education And Leisure

• Photography • Trekking • Bird-watching

• Wakaf • Tower • Signage

• Easy but challenging towards the top (*) dan (**)




• Station E (Junction From KBN – Tasik Meranti – Gua Kelam)

Leisure • Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Resting

• Wakaf • Dustbin • Signage




• Station F (Fomer Kongsi)


• Photography • Trekking • Bird-watching • Nature Study • Cultural

Interpretation

• Wakaf • Signage




• Station G (Gua Kelam

Recreation Area)


• Photography • Trekking • Bird-watching • Showcave • Recreation • Field centre

for schools • Picnic

• Wakaf • Public

Phone • Dustbin • Signage




• Station H (Kaki Bukit Town)

Leisure • Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Visit ‘Rumah

Orang Tua’ • Resting

• Wakaf • Public

Phone • Dustbin • Signage








3.2.2 Trail 2 (Adventure Trail) Trail 2 starts from the Wang Burma Visitors Centre and ends at Gunung Perlis.

The 5 km. hike up to Gunung Perlis takes about 3 1/2 hours, and therefore, it is

only suitable for the fit and adventurous. The attractions along the trail comprise

the ecology of the remaining semi-deciduous forest, streams and mini rapids.

(Figure 3.5 and Table 3.12)

i. Theme The theme of Trail 2 is adventure posed by the tough terrain and heavy foilage. In

addition, it also offers climbers the chance of seeing the Macaque Macaca artoides

(berok ketoi) and mountain goats. Climbers are exposed to the distinct ecology of

the semi-deciduous forest and the challenging climb is suitable as part of the

iteninary of team building / motivational programmes.

ii. Proposed Physical Development The construction of the trail should be carried out in stages, namely :

• Stage 1 – Removing of the dense undergrowth covering parts of the trail;

• Stage 2 – Repair of certain stretches of trail that have collapsed due to

erosion;

• Stage 3 – Repair of existing steps along the trail;

• Stage 4 – Provision of railings/ropes at dangerous sections of trail; and

• Stage 5 – The provision of a camping area.

Subsequently, facilities should be constructed along the trail, which are as follows:

Station Attraction Facilities

A Wang Burma Visitors Centre

Information board including code of conduct for climbers

B Junction between Gua Wang Burma and Gunung Perlis

Wakaf, rails, ropes, concrete steps and direction signage

C Camping Area Wakaf, rails, ropes, concrete steps and direction signage

D Semi deciduous forest Wakaf, information board depicting ecology of semi deciduous forest and direction signage

E Gunung Perlis Wakaf, observation tower, toilets and signage



Artist impression of camp site at Station C



Table 3.12 : Proposed Development For Trail 2 (Adventure Trail)


TARGET GROUP

• Station A (Wang Burma Visitor Centre)

Education And Adventure

• Camping • Nature Study • Field Centre

For Schools • Research • Team Building • Retreat • Trekking

• Accomodation

• Public Phone

• Dustbin • Recreation

Facilities • Signage

• Challenging (**)

• Secondary school children and university students

• Researchers • Adventure

tourists • Serious hikers

• Station B (Junction To Gua Wang Burma – Gunung Perlis)


• Camping • Recreation • Caving • Trekking • Education

• Wakaf • Signage • Rope and

stairs





• Station C (Stream And Waterfall)


• Overnight Camping

• Photography • Trekking • Recreation • Nature Study


stairs





• Station D (Hillside)


• Bird-watching • Wildlife Study • Photography • Field Centre

For Schools


stairs

• Very challenging (***)




• Station E (Gunung Perlis)


• Bird-watching • Wildlife

Watching • Trekking • Photography • Nature Study • Gunung Perlis

Annual Race


stairs • Tower









3.2.3 Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail) The trail can be divided into two different sections. The first section starts from the

entrance to the Kem Bina Semangat from the R 15 road, measuring 4.5 km. in

length with an average journey time of 45 minutes. The second section starts from

Tasik Meranti and ends at Bukit Pelarit., a 1.5 km. trail that takes about 4 hours.

Thus, the first section is gentle and suitable for all age groups whereas the second

section is only recommended for the very fit and adventurous. The attractions

along the trail consist of the cave mining heritage, orchards and the outstanding

natural beauty. (Figure 3.6 and Table 3.13)

i. Theme Trail 3 offers a unique experience that changes gradually from a leisurely hike to a

tough climb. Activities such as bird watching, photography and nature study are

suitable along the first section whilst the tough second section is more suitable for

adventurous activities specifically mountain climbing.

ii. Proposed Physical Development Having completed the preliminary upgrading work such as the removal of

undergrowth and repair of damaged steps, facilities should be constructed at 8

stations along the trail. They are as follows :

Station Attractions Facilities

A Open view to Bukit Merah Wakaf, signage and information board including code of conduct for tourists

B Open view to Gua Kelam / Bukit Merah


C Junction from Gua Kelam to Tasik Meranti

Wakaf and signage

D Rest area Wakaf, camping grounds, seats, tables and signage

E Concrete steps and mini rapids

Wakaf, rails/ropes and signage

F Tasik Meranti Wakaf, surau, toilets, and information board

G Lata Kasih Wakaf, seats, tables and signage

H Rest Area Wakaf, camping ground, seats and tables



Proposed jetty at Tasik Meranti

Camping / Resting area at Lata Kasih



Table 3.13 : Proposed Development For Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail)

TRAIL THEME ACTIVITIES FACILITIES DEGREE OF

DIFFICULTY TARGET GROUP

• Station A (Junction From R 15 – KBN)

Recreation And Leisure

• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Jogging Trail




• Students • Researchers • Adventure

tourists

• Station B (Bukit Genting Hantu)


• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Jogging Trail

• Wakaf • Tower • Dustbin • Signage




tourists

• Station C (Junction To Gua Kelam – Tasik Meranti – Heritage Trail)


• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Camping • Picnic • Nature Study





tourists

Note :DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY




Table 3.13 : Proposed Development For Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail) (cont.)



• Station D and H (Rest Area To Tasik Meranti)


• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Cultural

Interpretation • Adventure

Trail

• Wakaf • Dustbin • Camping

Site • Table and

Chair • Signage • Parking




tourists

• Station E (Concrete Steps)

Education, Recreation And Leisure

• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Camping • Wildlife Study • Recreation • Water Sport


• Easy and challenging (*) and (**)




tourists

• Station F (Tasik Meranti)


• Photography • Trekking • Camping • Nature Study • Picnic

• Wakaf • Surau • Toilet • Camping

Site • Public

Phone • Table and

Chair • Signage





tourists

• Station G

(Lata Kasih)


• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Camping • Picnic • Nature Study • Bathing

• Wakaf • Table and

Chair • Signage





tourists

Note :DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY




Table 3.13 : Proposed Development For Trail 3 (Sub-Adventure Trail) cont.



• Station A

(Tasik Meranti)


• Photography • Bird-watching • Trekking • Camping • Wildlife Study • Recreation and

Leisure • Water Sport

• Wakaf • Surau • Toilet • Camping

Site • Public

Phone • Table

and Chair

• Signage


• University students


tourist • Serious hikers

• Station B

(Bukit Pelarit)


• Photography • Trekking • Nature Study • Bird-watching

• Wakaf • Tower • Signage


• University students


tourist • Serious hikers





3.2.4 Trails 4 and 5 (Recreational Trails)

Trail 4 starts from the entrance to Kem Bina Negara and ends at Kg. Wang Kelian

whilst Trail 5 begins at the proposed low-cost housing and also ends at Kampung

Wang Kelian. Both the trails are 2.5 km. and can be completed in 1 hour. The only

difference is that Trail 5 is supposed to be the route once used by giant tortoises

according to local folklore. (Figure 3.7 and Table 3.14 and 3.15)

i. Theme

The gentle terrain along both trails makes them suitable as recreational trails.

Along the trails, trekkers will encounter the forest ecosystem, the kampung

ambiance, open views and streams. Activities that can be carried out along the

trails are bird watching, rock climbing, photography and nature study.

ii. Proposed Physical Development Trail 4 will initially require the removal of the dense undergrowth along certain

sections of the trail followed by repair work along slippery and dangerous

stretches. Subsequently, it will require the provision of facilities at 4 stations, which

are as follows :


A Forest ecology and open views

Information board

B Narrow passages and river system in cave

Wakaf information board and walkway

C Rubber smallholding and paddy fields

Wakaf and information board

D Kg. Wang Kelian Wakaf and information board

Trail 5 will also require the removal of undergrowth mainly in between Station A to

Station B and the construction of pavements along the waterlogged stretches.

Facilities are required at the 3 stations along the trail, as follows :


A Outstanding Views Information board B Open view and legend

of giant tortoises Wakaf and information board on the legendary tale of the giant tortoises

C Kg. Wang Kelian Information board



Table 3.14 : Proposed Development For Trail 4 (Leisure Trail)



• Station A (Road To KBN)


• Bird-watching • Trekking • Nature

Photography • Rest


• Easy (*) • Families • Students • Researchers

• Station B (Valley)


• Trekking • Nature

Photography • Rock Climbing • Educational

Programme



• Families • Students • Researchers • Adventure

tourists

• Stesen C (Estate At Kampung Wang

Kelian)



Photography • Educational

Programme • Rest







Table 3.15 : Proposed Development For Trail 5 (Leisure Trail)



• Station A (Proposed Low Cost

Housing)



Photography • Bird-watching • Educational

Programme



• Station B (Paddy Field And Valley)




Programme



• Station C (Mosque at Kampung Wang

Kelian)




Programme







3.2.5 Trail 6 (Scenic Route) Trail 6 is actually the R 15 State Road from Kaki Bukit to the Wang Kelian Sunday

Market. The length of the trail is 11.5 km. with a travel time of 15 minutes by car. It

passes through interesting landscapes and offers outstanding views to the Timah

Tasoh dam, Bukit Merah and Wang Burma. (Figure 3.8 and Table 3.16)

i. Theme Trail 6 is suitable as part of the itinerary of self-drive holidays. It can be considered

as a scenic route for tourists to pass through and make short stops to enjoy and

take pictures of the outstanding views along the route.

ii. Proposed Physical Development Initially, the R 15 road should be improved to cover pot holes, protect unstable

slopes and include proper road side tree planting/landscaping. This should be

followed by the provision of facilities at the 7 stations along the route, as follows :


A Kaki Bukit Information board and direction signage

B Open view to Timah Tasoh


C Open view to Bukit Merah


D Open view to Wang Kelian


E Kampung Wang Kelian Information board F Wang Burma To utilise facilities at visitors

centre G Wang Kelian Sunday

Market To utilise facilities provided at Wang Kelian



Table 3.16 : Proposed Development For Trail 6 (Scenic Route)


TARGET GROUP

• Station A (Kaki Bukit Town)


• Trekkking • Bird-watching • Nature

Photography



• Station B (View To Timah Tasoh Dam)



Photography

• Wakaf • Dustbin • Tower • Signage


• Station C (View To Bukit Merah)



Photography







Table 3.16 : Proposed Development For Trail 6 (Scenic Route) (cont.)



• Station D (View To Kampung Wang

Kelian)



Photography



• Station E (Kampung Wang Kelian)



Photography • Agrotourism • Home Visit • Education

Programme • Visit To SMI

• Wakaf • Informati

on Kiosk • Dustbin • Signage


• Station F (Wang Burma Visitor Centre)


• Camping • Nature Study • Field Centre For

Schools • Research • Team Building • Retreat • Trekking

• Accomodation

• Public Phone

• Dustbin • Recreati

on Facilities

• Signage


• Station G (Wang Kelian Sunday Market)

Shopping and Recreation

• Shopping • Recreation • Bird-watching • Nature

Photography • Retreat

• Wakaf • Arcade • Toilet • Dustbin • Public

Phone • Signage






3.3 Community Tourism Development In developing the tourism resources within Perlis State Park as economically viable

tourism products, physical development should be complimented by human resource

development. This applies mainly to the role of the local community at Wang Kelian and to

a lesser extent, Kaki Bukit. The proposed measures to improve the organisation and skills

of the local community are as follows :

i. Establishment of Home Visit Programme Currently, the physical condition of

the houses at Kampung Wang

Kelian does not meet the minimum

standard to qualify for MOCAT’s

homestay programme. Given their

currently limited resources, the

villagers should initially offer home

visits in which tourists are taken

around the kampung to experience

the local way of life but do not stay in the village. The home visit programme can

later be upgraded to a proper homestay programme once the local infrastructure is

ready.

Home visit programme in which tourists are taken on guided tours around the village



ii. Visits to Small-Medium Industries and Smallholdings One of the main features of the

home visit programme is the

organised visit to the various

SMIs in the kampung as part of

the heritage trail itinerary (Trail

1). These SMIs include the chilly

sauce making factory, traditional

kueh making cottage industry as

well as the paddy fields and orchards. Local guides should accompany the tourists

and explain/interpret the various resources found within the village. Similar to the

programmes conducted at successful homestay programmes at Kampung.

Banghuris, Sepang and Kampung Kerdau, Temerloh these visits should begin with

a welcoming reception and end with a kampung lunch or afternoon tea in which the

local cuisine is served.

iii. Improving Local Organisation The most important aspect to ensure the success of the home visit programme is a

strong leadership supported by good organisation. Having welcomed the advent of

tourism into their village, the local community should be well organised so as to be

able to handle the tourist visits. The JKKK should form sub-committees with

specific roles. Based on the Kampung Banghuris model, there should be sub-

committees for the following responsibilities :

• Welcoming ceremony (Kompang group, silat pulut group, usher)

• Visit to SMIs / Smallholdings (local guides)

• Meals (menu, food preparation, serving, washing up)

• Cultural performance (choreography, training)

• Guided tour along Heritage Trail (local guides)



A stage should be built in the kampung for local people to entertain their guest

Cultural practices as tourist attractions



iv. Establishment of Local Cooperative The establishment of a local cooperative to manage the financial matters related to

the home visit programme is imperative. In addition, the cooperative should carry

out marketing and promotion work to attract tourists. This model is being

successfully implemented at the homestay programme in Kampung Kerdau,

Temerloh to the extent that the representative of the local cooperative frequently

goes to Japan to sell their product. By doing so, the entire programme is in the

control of the local community. This is in contrast to the programme at Kampung

Banghuris in which promotion is being carried out by private tour operators through

MOUs with the JKKK. Lately the JKKK has been complaining that this

arrangement has financially benefited the tour operators more than the local

community. Hence, the importance of the setting up of a local cooperative to

maintain local control.

v. Increasing the Role of Women As evident in the other successful homestay programmes mentioned above, the

women folk form the backbone of the programme. The role of the Gerakan

Pembangunan Wanita (GPW) under the Jabatan Pertanian for instance, should be

exploited as it provides the organisational know-how to handle the activities related

to the home visit programme.

vi. Setting Up a Revolving Fund The lack of capital has been the main obstacle in encouraging the local community

to be involved actively in tourism. Hence, the related government agencies notably

Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar or Bank Pertanian should set up a

revolving fund to assist the local community in securing capital to start small

tourism-related businesses.

vii. Training and Education Finally, training and educating the local community in aspects such as book

keeping, communication English. The importance of hygiene and improving oral

presentation, etc. should be carried out regularly.



4.0 MARKETING PLAN

4.1 Introduction The tourism marketing plan covers the four main elements of marketing and promotion,

namely; product, price, place and promotion. In addition, a monitoring programme should

be adopted to ensure the effectiveness in the implementation of the marketing plan.

4.2 Vision The vision of Perlis State Park is to turn the Park into the major tourism destination in

Perlis for eco-tourism activities by providing a variety of tourism products.

4.3 Market Target The marketing plan covers two time horizons, namely a short term plan and long term

plan.

a. Short-Term Plan (2000-2003)

In the short term, the main target market will be visitors arriving at the Wang Kelian

Sunday Market and the Gua Kelam Recreational Area. The aim is to lure this

established market segment to visit the new attractions within Perlis State Park.

b. Long-Term Plan (2004 and beyond)

The target markets in the long term are the foreign tourists and ecotourists. To

start with, the marketing strategy should focus on ways of attracting transit visitors

on their way to Pulau Langkawi and Southern Thailand to visit and stay in the

Park. Eventually, Perlis State Park should be promoted as a niche destination for

adventure tourism, educational tourism and ecotourism.



4.3.1 Marketing Strategy The main elements of the marketing strategy are the positioning statement and

product differentiation, which are described below :

a. Positioning Statement

The positioning statement is intended to create a distinct image for Perlis State

Park based on its tourism resources, location and uniqueness in relation to the

other national parks in the country. The recommended positioning statement for

Perlis State Park is :

PERLIS STATE PARK : WHERE ADVENTURE IS A WAY OF LIFE The above positioning statement is meant to capture the spirit of adventure

possessed and exhibited by the former cave miners to make a living under the

harsh physical conditions imposed by the natural environment, and yet without

upsetting the natural balance.

b. Product Differentiation

The emphasis in promoting the distinct resources within the Park is to create an

identity and distinct tourist image. In contrast to the other national parks in the

country, Perlis State Park offers a tourist experience beyond the typical nature-

based retreat/adventure. As visitors to the Perlis State Park can combine a nature-

based holiday with shopping and visits to museums/galleries, it would be

appropriate to promote its market mix as being multi product – several markets.

This differs significantly from the other national parks which are basically single

product – single market or single product – several markets attractions.

4.3.2 Marketing Tactic The marketing tactic is developed to meet the objectives of the Park’s marketing

plan. The proposed tactics could be presented as the 4Ps of marketing, namely

product, price, promotion and place.

a. Product

It has been identified that Gua Kelam II, the Wang Burma Visitors Centre and

Wang Kelian Sunday Market have the potential to be developed and promoted as



the core tourism products within the Park. In the effort to establish the above

attractions as core products, emphasis must be placed on the quality of

presentation and service.

In addition, the Heritage Trail and home visit to Kampung Wang Kelian will offer

specialised products. Nonetheless, they will have to be promoted and ‘sold’ in the

form of tourist packages, as presented below:

PROPOSED HALF DAY TOUR PACKAGE AT KAMPUNG WANG KELIAN /

HERITAGE TRAIL

HALF DAY VISIT

8.00 a.m. • Arrive at Kampung Wang Kelian • Welcoming reception by villagers including

kompang and silat pulut performance • Village tour • Demonstration of paddy planting/rubber tapping

techniques 10.45 a.m • Morning refreshment

• Guided visits to SMIs • Guided tour along ‘Heritage Trail’

12.00 noon • Arrive at Gua Kelam Gua Kelam • Recreational activities at Gua Kelam and return

to Kg. Wang Kelian 1.30 p.m. • Kampung lunch beside paddy field (including

cultural performance) • End of visit

ITENINARY OF TWO DAY / ONE NIGHT PACKAGE AT WANG BURMA AND WANG KELIAN

DAY ONE 9.00 a.m. • Arrive at Wang Burma Visitors Centre 9.15 a.m. • Briefing about PSP at Visitors Centre 10.00 a.m. • Depart for Kampung Wang Kelian 10.15 a.m. • Welcoming reception (kompang, silat pulut and

refreshment) 10.45 a.m • Village tour guided tour of SMIs 12.30 noon • Lunch beside paddy field 2.00 p.m. • Guided walk along Heritage Trail 3.00 p.m. • Arrive at Gua Kelam Recreational Centre 4.00 p.m. • Depart for Kaki Bukit along Heritage Trail 4.30 p.m. • Afternoon tea at Kaki Bukit 5.30 p.m. • Return to Wang Burma by bus • Overnight accommodation at Wang Burma

Recreational Centre



DAY TWO 7.00 a.m. • Breakfast 8.00 a.m. • Trekking along nature trail (Choice of either Trail

2, 3, 4 or 5) 12.30 a.m. • Lunch at Wang Burma 2.30 p.m. • Recreational activities at Wang Burma 5.00 p.m • End of trip

b. Price

i. Price Strategy

• Market Penetration

To penetrate the market, the initial entrance charge/price of the packages

should be lower than the fees / price charged by established destinations

elsewhere. As a comparison, Laketown Resort in Bukit Merah charges a rate of

RM 49.90 / pax for a half day trip to Matang, Taiping which includes

transportation, guided tours of the mangrove forest and charcoal factory, boat

ride and lunch. The price for a 2 days / one night stay at Kampung Banghuris,

Sepang is RM 120 / pax which includes accommodation, transportation, guided

tours to the SMIs and meals.

• All In Pricing

All In Pricing is an entry charge that also pays for the use of all the activities

within the particular attraction. For instance, the entrance charge to the Gua

Kelam Tourist complex should allow the visitor to enter the showcaves and

Cave Mining Musuem. Similarly, visitors need only to pay once to visit/use the

facilities available at the the Wang Burma Visitors Centre including the Canopy

Walk. At Kampung Wang Kelian, the price of the half or one day package

should also include participation in the village activities such as tapping a

rubber tree or weaving a mengkuang mat. Also, there should not be an

additional fee for tourists to bring in and use their cameras / video cameras as

this is a form of free publicity for the Park.



ii. Price Tactics

• Seasonal Discounts

Seasonal discounts should also be offered during the off-peak season.

Discounts should also be given to those travelling in groups, students, the

elderly and the handicapped.

c. Promotion

To promote Perlis State park as an ecotourism destination, the following promotion

methods can be applied :

• Advertisement in newspapers, television, posters, etc.

• Brochures

• Documentaries and features

• Souvenirs in the form of T-shirts, caps, key chains, mugs, etc.

• Signage

• Participation in MATTA Travel Fair and World Travel Fair, etc.

• Organising events such as Gunung Perlis Race or Wang Kelian

Treasure Hunt

d. Place / Channel

Place refers to the official or non-official places where information about Perlis

State Park should be distributed. These include :

• State Government department such as Jabatan Perhutanan, Jabatan

Pertanian, etc.

• Tourism agencies, tour operators, hotels, resorts, the Kuala Kedah Ferry

Terminal and border checkpoints.

• Internet Website

• Airline Offices / Companies

• Tourism Malaysia



5.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME AND COST ESTIMATE 5.1 Introduction This section will, firstly, describe the details of the proposed implementation programme,

which will prioritise the physical development projects, human resource development and

promotion programme. Subsequently, it will present an estimation of the overall

development cost.

5.2 Phases Of Development

The implementation of the tourism development proposals for the Perlis State Park is

divided into three development phases. The details of the implementation programme are

as follows : (Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 : Implementation Period Development Of Perlis State Park ITEM YEAR 2002 2003 2004 2005Phase 1 • Wang Kelian Sunday Market (Zone 3A) • Wang Burma Visitors Centre • Gua Kelam Tourist Centre • Trail 1 (Heritage Trail) Phase 2 • Wang Kelian Sunday Market (Zone 3B) • Limestone Research Centre • Trail 2 (Adventure Trail) • Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail) • Trail 4 and 5 (Leisure Trail) • Trail 6 (Scenic Route) Phase 3 • Gua Loh Poh Sang • Gua Hwa Tai • Gua Baba • Other related and potential caves

5.2.1 Phase 1 (2002 – 2003) This involves the development of the three main tourist attractions namely :

• the family-based tourist attractions at Gua Kelam II;

• the upgrading of the Wang Burma Visitors Centre (including the canopy

walkway but not the Limestone Research Centre); and

• the shopping arcade at Wang Kelian excluding the R & R area



In addition, the first phase of development will also include the construction of Trail

1 i.e. the Heritage Trail. To complement the physical development, training

programmes related to human resource development should also be carried out

on a regular basis during the first phase of development.

Tourism promotion should be restricted to promoting the existing facilities within

the Park so that promotion does not product development. The initial focus of the

promotion is to create awareness about the following aspects :

• the existence of Perlis State Park

• its location

• its objectives

• its distinct features

5.2.2 Phase 2 (2004)

Phase 2 of the implementation programme involves the construction of the R & R

area at Wang Kelian, the Limestone Research Centre at Wang Burma and 5 trails

together with their associated facilities. The trails are as follows :

• Trail 2 (Adventure Trail)

• Trail 3 (Semi-AdventureTrail)

• Trails 4, 5 (Recreational Trail)

• Trail 6 (Leisure Trail / Scenic Drive)

In addition, the expected increase in visitor arrivals generated by the new tourists

attractions should make it economically feasible to add stalls and souvenir shops

to the existing observation towers on the way to Wang Kelian.

By the second phase of development, product development should have been in

place. By then, promotion should play a bigger role in selling the new tourism

products, notably Gua Kelam II and the Heritage Trail.



5.2.3 Phase 3 (2005 and beyond) The third phase of development will focus on strengthening the Park’s image as a

caving destination. The physical development will involve the opening and

development of the following caves for adventure caving :

• Gua Baba

• Gua Loh Poh Sang

• Gua Foh Thye

• Other related and potential caves.

Promotion should focus on attracting international tourists especially ecotourists

and cave enthusiasts.

5.3 OVERALL COST ESTIMATE The overall cost estimate is calculated according to the proposed implementation phases.

The major physical developments will cover the 8th. Malaysia Plan period from 2001 to

2005 whilst the periphery development such as the development of adventure caves is

considered as projects for the long term, i.e. for 2005 and beyond (Table 5.2).



Table 5.2 : Development Cost Of Perlis State Park

Phase 1 (2002-2003)

Development Concept Component Cost (RM) Total Cost

Wang Kelian Sunday Market

• Immigration and Custom Complex

• Parking • Shops and Arcade • Landscaping • Toilets • R&R

630,000

36,000 800,000 100,000 600,000 50,000

2,216,000Wang Burma Visitors Centre

• Herbs Garden • Restaurant • Boardwalk

1,440,000

1,440,000Limestone Research Centre

• Laboratories • Offices • Meeting Room • Library • Store • Parking

2,160,000

2,160,000Wang Burma Recreation Centre

• Sepak Takraw, Netball and Volleyball Court

• Parking • Canopy Walkway

15,000

18,000 2,500,000

2,533,000Gua Kelam Tourist Complex

• Wakaf • Seats • Public Telephone • Parking • Picnic Site

40,000 4,800

15,000 18,000 10,000 87,800

Cave Mining Museum • Information and Sales Counter

• Show Room • Audio-Visual Room • Toilet • Parking

800,000

800,000Trail 1 (Heritage Trail) • Concrete Steps

• Wakaf • Information Board • Signage • Public Telephone

600,000 40,000 6,000 1,500

2,500

650,000

TOTAL COST (RM) 9,886,800



Phase 2 (2004)

Development Concept Component Cost (RM) Total Cost

Trail 2 (Adventure Trail) • Pavement • Wakaf • Signage • Railings • Camping Site • Observation Tower

50,000 25,000 1,250 5,000

10,000 140,000

231,250Trail 3 (Semi-Adventure Trail)

• Concrete Pavement • Wakaf • Signage • Stair / Rope • Camping Site • Observation Tower

50,000 50,000

2,500 2,000

3,000 140,000 247,500

Trail 4 (Leisure Trail) • Concrete Pavement • Wakaf • Signage • Observation Tower

15,000 15,000

750 70,000 100,750

Trail 5 (Leisure Trail) • Concrete Pavement • Wakaf • Signage • Observation Tower

10,000 15,000

750 70,000

95,750Trail 6 (Scenic Route) • Wakaf

• Signage • Observation Tower • Parking

15,000 750

70,000 9,000

94,750

TOTAL COST (RM) 770,000

Phase 3 (2005)

Development Concept

Component Cost (RM) Total Cost

Kaki Bukit • Gallery • Stalls • Observation Tower

150,000 30,000 20,000

200,000Adventure Caves • Gua Hwa Tai

• Gua Loh Poh Sang • Gua Baba • Other related and

potential caves 200,000 200,000

TOTAL COST (RM) 400,000

OVERALL COST (3 phases) (RM) 11,056,800



6.0 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

In transforming Perlis State Park into a prominent ecotourism destination, the physical

design and development should be guided by the principles of sustainable development,

given its fragile resources. Essentially, the proposed development should adhere to the

basic principles of sustainable tourism, which are as follows :

• development should not degrade the physical environment,

• development should ensure visitor satisfaction; and

• development should generate direct socio-economic benefit to the local

population.

6.1 Development Control Guidelines The use of development control guidelines is to provide guidance to the authorities,

developers and contractors on the basic principles of ecodesign so as to minimise impacts

on the physical environment. Besides using the guidelines presented in the National

Ecotourism Plan, the basic ecotourism approach to sustainable development presented

below should also form the rationale for the ecodesign approach recommended for Perlis

State Park.

TABLE 6.1 : RECOMMENDED DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR PERLIS STATE PARK

Element Development Guidelines Architecture • All design should be in harmony with the

surrounding environment and optimise the use of natural resources such as solar energy (orientation, natural ventilation, shades etc.). Whenever possible, avoid using air-conditioners.

• Roof design should be creative and detailed but at the same time sturdy. The main buildings should reflect a high architectural value by including aesthetic characters on details such as tebar layar, tunjuk langit, buah butun, tumpu kasau and others.

Concept and Image

• To employ local builders and craftsman during the construction phase.

• The overall design should reflect local architecture and should consider the availability of local building materials and local experts on vernacular architecture.

• The architectural concept and image used should either be ‘rustic’, traditional or vernacular.

• Use of environmentally friendly technology such as



conservation of energy and water as well as effective waste disposal treatment.

Site Planning • Chalets and other accommodation should be facing open or scenic views.

• Design of buildings should fit into the natural contour to minimise grading and earthworks.

• Alignment of trails should also follow natural topography.

• Distance between chalets should be at least 10 meters to ensure comfort and privacy.

• Site planning and location or buildings should consider safety and security.

• Site for camping site should be: a. Located within a flat area and close to a water

source. b. Close to main facilities such as toilets. c. Avoid areas rich in unique flora and fauna. d. Allocate area for future expansion.

• Site for wakaf should be: a. Located along trails b. Minimum of 500 meters in between wakafs c. Constructed on flat land with open views d. Avoid areas rich in unique flora and fauna

Scale • The main buildings such as shopping arcade and Cave Mining Museum should relate to human scale.

• Wakaf, toilets, etc, should be single storey buildings/structures.

Building Material • As far as possible, local building materials should be used, preferably timber.

• However, only quality and pretreated timber should be used to reduce maintenance cost in the long run.

Construction Method

• The use of pre-fabricated building materials will reduce in-situ construction and thus minimise damage to slopes and vegetation.

Source: Adapted from National Ecotourism Plan

6.2 Visitor Management Techniques Perlis State Park is so small that even planned tourism development may generate too

many tourists to be accommodated by the Park without reaching the physical, social and

psychological carrying capacity threshold limits. Real or perceived overcrowding may

occur along the trails once the Park begins to attract more tourists. Likewise, a continuous

stream of visitors to Kg. Wang Kelian will soon result in resentment on the part of the

villagers once they gradually lose their privacy. This negative social impact of the

homestay programme is currently being experienced by the villagers at Kampung



Banghuris, Sepang (Amran and Hairul Nizam, 2000). According to the Perlis State Park

Resource Management Plan Interim Report, the carrying capacity threshold limit for the

hill forest is 7 persons / ha. Whilst the threshold limit for the lowland forest is 10 persons

per / ha. (Table 6.2). Therefore, visitor management techniques should be applied once

the number of tourist arrivals exceeds the carrying capacity, so as to minimise these

potential impacts.

Table 6.2 : Tourist Carrying Capacity For Different Forest Types Item Forest Type Allowable Limit Comment

No. of Visitors Allowed

Hill forest Lowland forest Limestone forest (stable area) Limestone forest (loose area)

7 persons / ha 10 persons / ha 5 persons / ha 3 persons / ha

At any one time

Source : Resource Management Plan (Interim Report)

6.3 Creation of ’ Honey Pots’ ‘Honey pots’ refer to locations which are specially designated to accommodate a large

number of tourists. Usually, ’honey pots’ are created at locations that have been receiving

high tourist visitations and are located away from sensitive/fragile areas. By directing

mass tourists to such locations will create critical mass, which in turn, will make it

economically feasible to develop new products. More importantly, it will direct visitors

away from the sensitive/fragile areas.

At Perlis State Park, three honey pots are proposed, namely :

• Gua Kelam II,

• Wang Burma Visitors Centre, and

• The Wang Kelian Sunday Market

As such, a variety of tourist attractions catering for the needs of mass tourists are

proposed at these honey pots (refer Sect. 3.0).

6.4 Educating Tourists Educating the tourists on the importance of conserving the Park’s resources is a proactive

way of minimising potential negative impacts. The interpretive centres can play a vital role

in this aspect which can be complimented by the tour guides.



Currently, the Perlis Education Department is using the Park for environmental education.

Therefore, the Forestry Department should work closely with the Education Department in

developing an environmental education programme using the Wang Burma Visitors

Complex, Wang Burma Recreational Area and Gua Kelam Tourist Complex as the base.

6.5 Voluntary Code of Conduct for Tourists Although voluntary, code of conduct for tourists will compliment tourist education and

should be distributed or posted on the information boards especially at the starting point of

the trails. The code of conduct is to inform tourists on the do’s and don’ts while they are in

the Park. An example of a code of conduct for tourists is given below:

Table 6.3 :The Environmental Code Of Ethics For Tourists Produced By The

American Society Of Travel Associations (ASTA)

• Respect the frailty of the earth and help in its preservation.

• Do not litter nor take away ‘souvenirs’ from natural areas.

• Make your travels more meaningful by encouraging local conservation efforts.

• Do not buy products made from endangered plants or animals (e.g., ivory, tortoise shell, animal skins and feathers).

• Follow designated trails; do not disturb animals, plants or their natural habitats.

• Learn about and support conservation-oriented programmes and organisations working to preserve the environment.

• Whenever possible walk, or utilise environmentally sound methods of transportation; and

• Patronise tour operators and suppliers which advance environmental conservation.

6.6 Establishment of ‘Business Incubators’. One of the principles of sustainable tourism is that it should directly benefit the local

population. However, in most cases, the local people require assistance as they do not

have the capital nor the business acumen to succeed as businessmen. Therefore, the

local entrepreneurs should be given assistance in setting up their business during the

initial stage. Usually, most of the local people are keen to open up food stalls.

Consequently, the village will end up having too many food stalls as the setting up of

cottage industries producing local handicrafts are deemed as risky business ventures.



As such, the Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar should set up temporary business

‘incubators’ for small businesses to find their footing before they can compete in the real

business world. They should be given space and the basic infrastructure to set up, for

instance, handicraft-making workshops, traditional kueh packing outlets,, etc.

6.7 Commissioning Local Entrepreneurs To further assist the local entrepreneurs, The Forestry Department should also

commission them to produce the official souvenirs for Perlis State Park. In the initial stage,

the Forestry Department should produce the prototype for the mugs, key chains, pottery,

etc. for the local people to copy and mass produce in their workshop.

6.8 Using Sustainability Indicators

Finally, sustainability indicators should be developed to be used in monitoring the

sustainability of the tourism development within Perlis State Park. Management measures

should be introduced and implemented should negative impacts on the ecosystem and

the local population occur and deteriorate. Examples of the sustainability indicators are as

follows:

a. Environmental Sustainable Indicators

• Number of accommodation units and facilities.

• Amount of land occupied by tourism-related structure and infrastructure.

• Destruction or alteration of natural habitat by tourism construction.

• Amount of erosion and number of floods and landslides associated with

tourism.

• Effect of tourism on biodiversity.

• Effect of tourism on species distribution and populations.

• Effect of tourism on introduction of exotic species.

• Density of tourism facilities and tourist activities.

• Concentration of tourism facilities and tourist activities.

• Number of stopovers and excursionists.

• Water, air, noise and solid waste emissions associated with tourism (e.g.

expresses per accommodation unit and visitor-night).

• Hazardous waste production associated with tourism.

• Amount of litter associated with tourist activities.



• Wildlife or habitat deterioration associated with tourism activities.

• Resource consumption associated with tourism (e.g. water, fossil fuels,

metals, agglomerate, forest products, food).

• Levels of traffic congestion associated with tourism

• Position of destination in the product cycle.

b. Economic Sustainable Indicators

• Revenue earned directly from tourism

• Income multiplier effect from tourism (i.e. indirect revenue)

• Proportion of destination employment associated with tourism.

• Average tourism wage as percentage of overall average wage

• Percentage of tourism jobs occupied by non-local or foreign personnel

• Extent of backward linkages with agriculture and other destination sectors

• Percentage of accommodation and attractions that are externally / foreign

owned or controlled

• Amount and percentage of profit and wages that are repatriated or leave

local area

• Marketing / promotion costs

• Tourism investment by residents and non-residents

• Profitability of tourism industry and its individual components

• Position of destinations in the product cycle

• Local patronage of tourist attractions and facilities

c. Social Sustainable Indicators

• Resident reactions towards tourism and tourists (e.g. Irridex)

• Number of resident complaints against tourism

• Amount of crime directed against tourists and tourism industry by residents

and non-residents.

• Percentage of tourists who are repeat visitors

• Average length of stay

• In-migration associated with tourism industry

• Ratio of residents to tourists

• Amount of tourist-instigated crime

• Tourist satisfaction with destination



• Destination image held by visitors and potential visitors

• Distribution of jobs by wage level and measurement of equity

• Position of destination in the product cycle (Source : Gartner and Oppermann, 2000)

As part of the monitoring process, the Forestry Department should assign an officer to set

up a data base that stores, processes and publishes data on the above indicators.

7.0 CONCLUSION This Final report is the third in a series of reports prepared for the Tourism Development

and Management Plan for Perlis State Park. This report has described the detailed

tourism development proposals, which includes the development of physical tourism

attractions, construction of nature trails and community tourism development.

In order to ensure a systematic implementation of the tourism development proposals, this

report has also included development guidelines, an implementation schedule and an

overall cost estimation. Having recommended a product development programme, the

report also proposed a tourism marketing plan

The recommendations put forward in this report are aimed at transforming Perlis State

Park into a major ecotourism destination in the northern region. Nonetheless, it also

stressed on the importance of applying the concept of sustainable tourism in the overall

development of the Park.



8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Ministry Of Culture, Arts And Tourism (1996) National Ecotourism Plan Malaysia.

2. Weaver, D. & Oppermann, M. (2000) Tourism Management, John Wiley: Milton,

Australia.

3. Gartner, C. W. (1996) Tourism Development, Principles, Proceses and Policies,

John Wiley: Milton, New York

4. Amran Hamzah and Hairul Nizam Ismail (2000) ‘A Tale of Three Kampungs : A

Comparative Study Of The Homestay Programme At Kampung Banghuris: Paper

Persented At Seminar On Rural Small And Medium Scale Industries In The

Globalisation Era, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 11 – 13 September 2000.

5. Dr. Faridah Hanum (2000), Resource Management Plan (Interim Report),

Conservation And Development Of Perlis State Park, DANCED / Perlis Forestry

Department / WWF Malaysia.

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