conservation of architecture - ancient … istoriuli ansamblebis usafrtxoebis dacva cvlilebebis...

- � -

xuroTmoZRvrebis konservacia

principebi, mosazrebebi

CONSERVATION OF

ARCHITECTURE

PRINCIPLES, CONSIDERATIONS

Tbilisi 2007 Tbilisi

- � -

xuroTmoZRvrebis konservacia principebi, mosazrebebi

CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES, CONSIDERATIONS

redaqtori: d. TumaniSvili

Editor: D. Tumanishvili

mTargmneli: marine maisuraZe

Translate by M. Maisuradze

© saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro, 2007 Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport of Georgia, 2007

© g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri

G. Chubinashvili National Research Center for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis �007 wlis saxelmwifo programa

State Programme for Cultural Heritage Preservation for the Year 2007

© ICOMOS© English Heritage© Council of Europe

ydaze: staplton-holi, londoni. adgilze gakeTebuli analitikuri Canaxati. wignidan: K. Clark, Informed Conservation, London, 2001

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, �007

Publishing House Nekeri, 2007

ISBN: 978-99940-987-6-7

saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro

Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport of Georgia

g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri

G. Chubinashvili National Research Center for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

- � -

sarCevi

konservaciis principebi /maikl petceti/ ............................................................. 13

konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartiebis

winasityvaoba veneciis qartiidan 40 wlis Semdeg ...................................... 14

I. Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi maTi avTenturobis

mTeli sisavsiT ........................................................................................................ 14

II. konservaciis, restavraciis, ganaxlebis da aRdgenis principebi .......... 17

konservacia ..........................................................................................................................................................18

restavracia .........................................................................................................................................................19

ganaxleba .............................................................................................................................................................22

Semadgeneli nawilebis Secvla da Sevseba ...........................................................................................24

aslebiT Canacvleba .........................................................................................................................................27

III. movlis, SekeTebis da stabilizaciis, reabilitaciis da

modernizaciis, rekonstruqciisa da gadaadgilebis principebi .......... 28

movla .............................................................................................................................................................28

SekeTeba da gamagreba ......................................................................................................................................29

reabilitacia da modernizacia .................................................................................... 31

rekonstruqcia ..................................................................................................................................................32

Zeglebis gadaadgileba ..................................................................................................................................36

IV. arqeologiuri memkvidreobis, istoriuli raionebis

(ansamblebis) da sxva kategoriis Zeglebisa da

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis SenarCunebis principebi ................................ 37

arqeologiuri Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi..................................................................37

istoriuli raionebi (ansamblebi) ...........................................................................................................41

Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis sxva kategoriebi .......................................................42

V. Seqcevadobis arCevani ........................................................................................... 42

VI. Zeglis SenarCunebis pluralistuli midgoma

veneciis qartiis miRebidan 40 wlis Semdeg ................................................... 44

- � -

qalaqis istoriuli ansamblebis usafrTxoebis dacva cvlilebebis periodSi /herb stoveli/ ................... 49winasityvaoba ...................................................................................................................50

a. marTvis saxelmZRvanelo ..........................................................................................51

1. saxelmZRvanelos Sedgena .............................................................................................................. 51

2. saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba ....................................................................................................... 51

3. saxelmZRvanelos Semdgom ............................................................................................................ 51

b. msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebis marTva .........................................................52

1. istoriuli qalaqebis-raoba ....................................................................................................... 52

2. gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva: msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebi ................................. 53

3. istoriuli qalaqebis konservacia .......................................................................................... 55

konservaciis raoba ..........................................................................................55

urbanuli dacvis principebi ............................................................................ 56

4. istoriuli qalaqebis saTanado ganviTareba ...................................................................... 59

istoriuli qalaqebis `mdgradi ganviTarebis~ midgoma .............................. 59

marTvis strategiebi ......................................................................................... 62

g. dagegmvis sakiTxebi istoriul qalaqebSi:

konkretuli SemTxvevebis analizi ........................................................................63

1. integrirebuli konservacia dagegmvis procesSi ............................................................. 66

1. konsrevaciis mxardaWeris ganviTareba ....................................................... 66

2. integrirebuli administraciuli struqturebi ....................................... 66

3. gengegmebi ...................................................................................................... 71

4. xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba ............................................................... 84

5. Sesaferisi ganviTarebis Sefaseba ................................................................ 84

2. sazogadoebrivi amocamenis ganxorcieleba ........................................................................ 90

1. binaTmowyoba/sacxovrisi ............................................................................. 90

2. municipaluri samsaxurebi ........................................................................... 95

3. transportis moZraobis menejmenti ............................................................ 95

4. safexmavlo sivrceebis Seqmnis gamocdileba ............................................ 100

5. turizmi ....................................................................................................... 100

d. konservaciis programebis marTva istoriul qalaqebSi:

konkretuli SemTxvevebis analizi ......................................................................101

- � -

1.saorganizacio strategia .............................................................................................................101

1. konservaciis gundi .................................................................................... 102

2. konservaciis procesi ................................................................................ 102

3. konservaciis gegma ...................................................................................... 102

2. dokumentaciis Sedgena da Sefaseba ........................................................................................103

1. memkvidreobis aRnusxva .............................................................................. 103

2. istoriuli da arqiteqturuli kvleva ..................................................... 106

3. arqeologiuri kvleva ................................................................................. 106

4. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da ansamblebis Sefaseba ................................. 110

5. menejmentis sistemebis dokumentacia da inventarizacia ........................ 110

3. principebi da standartebi .........................................................................................................113

1. principebi da qartiebi ............................................................................... 113

2. proeqtirebis da konservaciis ZiriTadi principebi ................................ 121

3. axali mSeneblobebis ZiriTadi principebi wesebi ..................................... 125

4. stimulireba .......................................................................................................................................127

1. materialuri stimulireba ........................................................................ 127

2. aRiareba da dajildoeba ............................................................................. 132

3. wvrTnis programebi .................................................................................... 132

5. meTvalyureoba da Semowmeba ......................................................................................................135

1. Zeglad aRiareba da siaSi Setana ................................................................. 135

2. SeRavaTebi da SeTanxmebebi ......................................................................... 135

3. xanZarsawinaaRmdego da sicocxlis usafrTxoebis wesebi ...................... 136

4. zonireba ...................................................................................................... 136

6. konservaciis xelSewyoba da sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba ................................137

1. ukvdavyofa .................................................................................................. 137

2. wardgena da ganmarteba ............................................................................... 137

3. sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba ................................................................ 138

7. sazogadoebis monawileoba ..........................................................................................................140

1. sajaro konsultaciebi ............................................................................... 140

2. farTo masebis _ “fesvebis” meqanizmi ......................................................... 141

8. garemos kontroli ...........................................................................................................................142

1. samrewvelo dabinZureba ............................................................................. 142

2. transportis moZraobiT gamowveuli vibracia ......................................... 144

3. miwisZvrebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi ........................................................ 144

bibliografia .................................................................................................................148

- � -

kompetenturi konservacia istoriuli nagebobebisa da maTi landSaftis

gaazreba konservaciisaTvis /keit klarki/ ......................................................................149

Sesavali ................................................................................................................. 150

reziume ................................................................................................................. 151

1. gaazrebis roli konservaciaSi ........................................................................ 153

1.1 mniSvnelovneba da konservacia ........................................................................................................153

1.2 rodis aris saWiro informacia? ......................................................................................................154

1.3 ranairi informacia aris saWiro? ...................................................................................................154

1.4 ra odenobis informacia aris saWiro? .........................................................................................155

1.5 vin aris amis pasuxismgebeli? ............................................................................................................155

1.6 vin ixdis safasurs? .................................................................................................................................156

1.7 dafinansebis wyaroebi ...........................................................................................................................156

1.8 Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebebis~ masStabi ...................................................................157

1.9 terminebis gansazRvra ..........................................................................................................................158

2. cvlilebis marTva ................................................................................................ 159

2.1 zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................159

2.2 saWiroeba da dasabuTeba .....................................................................................................................161

2.3 samuSaos gamokveTa ..................................................................................................................................161

2.4 mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvra .............................................................................................................161

2.5 zemoqmedebis dadgena .............................................................................................................................162

2.6 zemoqmedebis Sesusteba da Semcireba ..........................................................................................163

2.7 kdka-s mniSvneloba RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze

zemoqmedebis Sesustebis TvalsazrisiT ................................................................................164

3. gaazreba did proeqtebTan mimarTebiT ........................................................ 166

3.0 aucilebeli minimaluri informacia ...........................................................................................166

3.1 pirveli etapi: Sefaseba .........................................................................................................................167

3.1.1 swrafi Sefaseba .................................................................................................167

3.1.2 istoriul memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ..........................................167

3.1.3 gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb da konservaciis gegma .................................168

3.2 meore etapi: winaswaruli kvlevis Catareba ..............................................................................168

3.2.1 anazomebi ...........................................................................................................168

3.2.2 arqeologiuri analizi ....................................................................................169

3.3 mesame etapi: mizanmimarTuli sagangebo kvleva ......................................................................169

3.4 meoTxe etapi: analizi samuSaoebis msvlelobaSi ...................................................................170

3.4.1 azomva da analizi .............................................................................................170

3.4.2 dasangrevi qsovilis fiqsacia .........................................................................171

3.5 mexuTe etapi: angariSgeba, arqivSi Setana da gamoqveyneba .................................................171

3.6 daskvnebi, specifikacia da kontraqtis dokumentacia .......................................................172

- 7 -

4. informacia debulebiT gansazRvruli mimdinare

saqmianobis warmoebisTvis ............................................................................... 174

4.1 siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa Taobaze SeTanxmeba ..........................................................................174

4.2 sakonservacio arealebi .......................................................................................................................175

4.3 arqeologiuri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi ..................................................................................175

4.4 landSafti, parkebi da baRebi ............................................................................................................176

4.5 siaSi arSesuli nagebobebi ..................................................................................................................176

4.6 garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ......................................................................................................177

4.7 fiqsacia da analizi muSaobis msvlelobaSi .............................................................................177

4.8 siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa mTliani ganadgureba .....................................................................178

4.9 nagebobaTa gadatana ................................................................................................................................178

4.10 nagebobebTan dakavSirebuli miwaSi myofi naSTebis dakargva .......................................179

4.11 eklesiisTvis dadgenili procedurebi ....................................................................................179

4.12 samefo ojaxis wvlili ganviTarebaSi da Catarebuli samuSaoebi ..............................179

5. movla-patronoba, SekeTeba da menejmenti................................................... 180

5.1 movla-patronoba .....................................................................................................................................180

5.2 SekeTeba..........................................................................................................................................................180

5.3 teqnikuri angariSebi, mdgomareobis Semowmeba da xuTwliani inspeqtireba ..........181

5.4 RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmenti ............................................................................................182

6. konservaciisa da menejmentis dagegmva ........................................................ 183

6.1 konservaciis gegmebi ..............................................................................................................................183

6.2 gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb .....................................................................................................184

6.3 menejmentis gegmebi .................................................................................................................................185

6.4 rodis aris isini gamosadegi? ............................................................................................................186

6.5 mimarTeba gegmasa da proeqts Soris ..............................................................................................186

6.6 visi dasaweria gegma? .............................................................................................................................187

6.7 konservaciis gegmis reziumeebi .......................................................................................................187

6.8 dainteresebuli mxaris monawileoba ...........................................................................................187

6.9 ganxorcieleba da ganxilva ................................................................................................................188

6.10. sakonservacio arealis Sefaseba ..................................................................................................188

6.11 siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa menejmentis ZiriTadi principebi .........................................189

7. istoriul nagebobaTa da landSaftis gaazrebis xerxebi ....................... 189

7.1 mecnieruli standartebi ....................................................................................................................189

7.2 istoriuli kvleva ...................................................................................................................................190

7.2.1 wyaroebis gamoyeneba ........................................................................................190

7.2.2 rukis aRdgena pirvandel mdgomareobamde .....................................................190

7.2.3 istoriuli saxebani ..........................................................................................191

7.2.4 sxva wyaroebi .....................................................................................................191

7.2.5 miTiTebebi .........................................................................................................191

7.3 azomva da analizi .....................................................................................................................................191

- � -

7.3.1 Canaxazebi ..........................................................................................................192

7.3.2 metruli kvleva ................................................................................................192

7.3.3 metruli kvlevis dasruleba ...........................................................................193

7.3.4 ra odenobis detalebia saWiro? ......................................................................194

7.3.5 analitikuri naxazebi .......................................................................................194

7.3.6 aRwera ................................................................................................................195

7.3.7 fotogadaReba ...................................................................................................195

7.4 analitikuri modelebi ........................................................................................................................195

7.4.1 fazebad dayofa .................................................................................................196

7.4.2 danomrva ............................................................................................................196

7.4.3 tipologia ........................................................................................................196

7.4.4 sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi da geografiuli cnobari ..................................197

7.5 specialuri kvleva ..................................................................................................................................197

7.5.1 arqiteqturis dafervis kvleva ........................................................................197

7.5.2 arqeologiuri gaTxrebi ...................................................................................198

7.5.3 statusi, xeloba da proeqti ............................................................................198

7.5.4 dendroqronologia ........................................................................................198

7.5.5 gaxsna .................................................................................................................199

7.5.6 teqnikuri kvleva ..............................................................................................199

7.5.7 ekologiis Sefaseba da xeebis Seswavla ...........................................................199

7.5.8 geofizika, WaburRilebiT kvleva da distanciuri zondireba .......................199

7.5.9 xedebisa da garemos analizi ...........................................................................200

7.6 mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvra ..............................................................................................................200

7.7 angariSebi .....................................................................................................................................................201

7.7.1 angariSis aucilebloba ...................................................................................201

7.7.2 angariSis Sinaarsi ............................................................................................202

7.7.3 dasuraTeba ........................................................................................................202

7.7.4 angariSis gavrceleba .......................................................................................203

danarTebi ................................................................................................................. 204

danarTi 1 konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvlevisa da analizis dakveTa.............................204

danarTi 2 kdka-s sanimuSo reziume .......................................................................................................207

danarTi 3 specialuri terminologiis leqsikoni ......................................................................212

danarTi 4 literatura ................................................................................................................................215

danarTi 5 rCevis moZiebis wyaroebi ......................................................................................................218

- � -

arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dafinanseba /evropis sabWos specialistTa jgufis mier SemuSavebuli dokumenti/ ..................221

winaTqma ................................................................................................................. 223

Sesavali ................................................................................................................. 224

I nawili _ konservaciis dafinansebis problemebi ........................ 225

I. memkvidreobis konservaciis kulturuli da ekonomikuri faseuloba ..... 225

A. konservaciis kulturuli Rirebuleba ......................................................................................226

B. konservaciis ekonomikuri Rirebuleba .......................................................................................228

a) uZravi memkvidreoba, rogorc ekonomikuri faqtori ...............................................228

b) pirdapiri ekonomikuri sargebeli ............................................................................228

c) arapirdapiri ekonomikuri sargebeli .......................................................................229

II. memkvidreobis komponentebis diferenciacia da

problemebis gansazRvra .................................................................................... 230

A. daculi memkvidreoba da daucveli arqiteqtura...................................................................230

B. memkvidreobismieri akrZalvebi da dafinansebis problemebi .........................................232

III. kerZo investiciebis zegavlena obieqtebis restavraciaze

obieqtebis restavracia ekonimikur ciklSi ............................................................ 233

a. ekonomikuri faqtorebi restavraciasTan

dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi ............................................233

b. ekonomikuri gaTvlebi restavraciaSi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad ...................234

c. konservaciisaTvis gamiznuli subsidiebis efeqtiuroba ...................................236

reabilitaciis procesSi kerZo investiciebis gamoyenebis arsebuli sazRvrebi...... 237

a investiciebis tipebi ..............................................................................................237

b reabilitaciis specifikuri riskebiT ganpirobebuli SezRudvebi ....................238

c SezRudvebi, romlebic mimarTulia axalmSeneblobebisaTvis

ufro xelsayreli SeRavaTebis gacemis praqtikis sapirispirod .....................238

II nawili _ dafinansebis stimulirebis RonisZiebebi.................... 240

I. Zveli Senobebis SenarCunebisa da maTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

mizniT saxelmwifoebrivi wamaxalisebeli faqtorebis gaZliereba ....... 240

A. proeqtebis dasawyebad xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna ...........................................................240

a) Senobebis gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi saSualebebi .................................................240

b. gegmarebisa da urbanuli ganviTarebis politikis mxardaWera .........................241

c. savele operatorebis gamoyeneba administraciuli barierebis gadasalaxavad .....241

d. saijaro politika .................................................................................................242

e. proeqtis gaumjobesebuli marTva .......................................................................242

- �0 -

B. finansuri stimulirebis faqtorebi .............................................................................................242

a subsidireba ............................................................................................................242

b. dabegvris gavlena reabilitaciaze ......................................................................243

c sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ........................................................................................243

C. iuridiuli pirobebi ...............................................................................................................................245

a. saqmianobis dasawyebad saxelmwifo garantiebis saWiroeba ................................245

b. programis marTvis saTanado struqturebis gamoyeneba .....................................246

II. specifikuri intervenciebis ganviTareba

memkvidreobis ama Tu im kategoriisaTvis ................................................... 249

A. memkvidreobis klasifikacia ..................................................................................... 249B saxelmwifo dakveTebisa da subsidiebis mniSvneloba ...........................................................249

C. reabilitaciis mxardaWera socialuri sabinao uzrunvelyofis mizniT .................250

D. mniSvnelovani sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi an gadasaxadebisgan ganTavisufleba .......251

a. fiskaluri qmedebebis mimoxilva zogierT evropul qveyanaSi ..........................251

b. ZiriTadi mxardasaWeri stimulebi ......................................................................254

E. `mecenatobisa~ da `sponsorobis~ axali modelebi ................................................................255

a. memkvidreobis `mecenatoba~ da `sponsoroba~: jerac naklebganviTarebuli ....255

b. dainteresebis stimulireba .................................................................................255

c. Tanadafinansebis procedurebi (“matching grants” wilobrivi subsidia) ....... 259d. tradiciuli saqvelmoqmedo midgomebis gamravalferovneba da

firmebis waxaliseba: Sesabamisi iuridiuli bazis saWiroeba ............................259

e. memkvidreobis konservaciis specialuri fondebi .............................................260

f. firmebs Soris TanamSromloba memkvidreobis proeqtebis mxardasaWerad ........260

damatebiTi evropuli instituciuri dafinanseba ........................................ 261

A. evropis sainvesticio bankis sesxebi (EIB) ............................................................... 261B. evropis regionaluri ganviTarebis fondi (ERDF) ................................................................261

C. daxamareba wvrTnisTvis .........................................................................................................................262

danarTi I arqiteqturuli memkvidroebis konservaciis dafinansebis

sakiTxebze momuSave specialistTa jgufis wevrebi ............................. 263

danarTi II

jgufis wevrebis mier momzadebuli dokumentebi ......................................... 263

- �� -

redaqtorisgan

ramdenime welia ukve, kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva saqarTveloSi saxelm-wifos erT-erT prioritetadaa gamocxadebuli. marTlac, Cveni xalxis mier Seqmnili Tu Cvens miwa-wyalze daunjebuli, sxvadasxva dargis ZvelisZveli Tu bolodroindeli nawarmoebebi Cveni wvlilia kacobriobis sulier sagan-ZurSi, amasTan ki Cveni warsulis mowmobac da samomavlo gzis maCvenebelic.

Cvens kulturul danatovarSi erTi umTavresi adgili xuroTmoZRvrebas uWi-ravs _ eklesia-monastrebsa da cixe-simagreebs, Zvel qalaqebsa da istoriul soflebs... swored arqiteqtura ayalibebs garemos, sadac Cven vcxovrobT, ganumeorebel iers sZens TviT Cvens ulamazes bunebasac.

amitomacaa, rom mravali sxva qveynis msgavsad, istoriuli xuroTmoZRvreba saqarTveloSic, erTi saukunea ukve, zrunvis sagani gaxda. mkvlevarTa da arq-iteqtorTa mecadineobiT sabWour xanaSic bevri ram gakeTda, arcTu mciredi keTdeba dResac, gamoCenil profesionalTa wyalobiT gvaqvs angariSgasawevi tradiciac. magram bolo oci wlis rTulma viTarebam, manamde ki _ “rkinis fardam” muSaobis wesic moarRvia da saerTaSoriso uaxlesi gamocdilebis aTvisebac Seaferxa. amasTan ki, restavraciis dargSi momuSaveT, bunebrivia, ar aqvT axlandel, CvenTvis axal, socialursa da ekonomikur viTarebaSi mo-qmedebis Cvevebic. yovelive es erTad sakmaod rTul mdgomareobas aCens.

am xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministrosa Tu kerZo fondebis TaosnobiT daiwyo restavraciis uaxles monapovarTa amsaxveli literaturis Targmna da gamocema. amgvarivea winamdebare krebulic. masSi Sedis msoflio wamyvani specialistebis naS-romebi, romelnic yvela kulturul qveyanaSi saxelmZRvanelod miiCneva. marTalia, zogierTi maTgani wlebis winaTaa daweril-dastambuli, magram zogierTi “teqnikuri” monacemis garda (Secvlili misamarTebi, sakontaqto pirTa saxelebi da a.S.), isini arafriT moZvelebula da dResac savsebiT aq-tualuria.

krebulSi Sesuli masala sakmaod mravalferovania _ aq naxavT saerTaSor-iso SeTanxmebebisa da xelSekrulebebis ganmartebebsac (m. petceti, konser-vaciis principebi, konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartiebis winasityvaoba veneciis qartiidan 40 wlis Semdeg; _ Tavad am dokumentebis umravlesoba qarTulad ukve arsebobs da aq aRar movitaneT), istoriuli qalaqebis dacva-aRdgenis meTodologiac (h. stoveli, qalaqis istoriuli ansamblebis usafrTxoebis dacva cvlilebebis periodSi. marTvis saxelmZR-vanelo), aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis warmoebis wesebic (q. klarki, kompetenturi konservacia) da restavraciis dafinansebis sakiTxebze msjelobac (arqiteq-turuli memkvidreobis dafinanseba) _ metad mniSvnelovans imaSi dasarwnu-meblad, rom siZveleTa movla-patronoba sulac ar aris qveynis gamaCanage-beli fufuneba.

- �� -

vfiqrobT, yvela es naSromi didad daexmareba yvelas, visac gulTan moaqvs Cveni kulturuli memkvidreoba da yvelasve Segvaxsenebs, rom umTavresi miznis, yovelive Rirebulis SenarCunebis misaRwevad mTavari mudmivi fiqri da gansjaa, ara mza receptebis Zieba, aramed sxvadasxva dargis mcodneTa SeerTebuli SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba.

maikl petceti

konservaciis principebi

konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartiebis

winasityvaoba veneciis qartiidan 40 wlis Semdeg

ICOMOS, 2004

MICHAEl PETzET

PRINCIPlES OF CONSERVATION

INTRODuCTION TO ThE INTERNATIONAL ChARTERS AND PRINCIPLES

40 Years after Venice Charter.

ICOMOS, 2004

- �� -

konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartiebis winasityvaoba veneciis qartiidan 40 wlis Semdeg

veneciis qartia, Zeglebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartia (��), gaJRerebuli �0 wlis win istoriuli Zeglebis arqiteqtorTa da specialistTa me-� saerTaSoriso simpoziumze, safuZvlad daedo Zeglebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis saerTaSoriso sabWos (ICOMOS), radganac veneciaSi, qartiis Tanadroulad miRe-bul iqna rezolucia, Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis saerTaSoriso sabWos Seqmnis Taobaze: ZiriTadi `rezolucia~ exeboda `Zeglebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis saerTaSor-iso arasamTavrobo organizaciis Seqmnas,~ romlis generaluri damfuZnebeli kreba Catarda krakovSi, erTi wlis Semdeg. kongresis gamoqveynebuli masalebis winasityvaobaSi ICOMOS-is pirvelma prezidentma piero gacolam marTebulad xazi gausva am mWidro kavSirs: Sex-vedris Sedegebi Zalze mniSvnelovania. sakmarisia gavixsenoT, Tu rogor SevqmeniT Zeglebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis saerTaSoriso sabWos – ICOMOS – instituti, romelic war-moadgens umaRles saapelacio sasamarTlos Zeglebis restavtaciis, Zveli istoriuli cen-trebis, landSaftebisa da zogadad mxatvruli da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone adgilebis sferoSi. am organizacias evaleba uxelmZRvanelos specializebuli kadrebis Seqmnas, maT da-kompleqtebas da dawinaurebas. misi valdebulebaa Tvalyuri adevnos saerTaSoriso gacvla-gamocvla da agreTve unda izrunos, raTa daaarsos adgilobrivi saerTaSoriso komitetebi, romlebic SeZleben awarmoon konsultaciebi iseT saerTaSoriso organizaviebTan, rogori-caa iunesko, evropis sabWo da sxv. ikomosis Seqmnam amoavso is naprali, romelsac yvela eri mtkivneulad ganicdida da daakmayofila is saWiroeba, romelic esoden sagrZnobi iyo yvela calkeuli adgilobrivi sakonservacio organizaciisaTvis. magram upirveles yovlisa, unda vaRiaroT, rom am asambleis yvelaze mniSvnelovani dadebiTi Sedegi aris restavraciis saer-TaSoriso wesebis formulireba; es ara ubralod kulturuli cxovrebis epizodia, aramed es aris istoriuli mniSvnelobis teqsti. faqtiurad, man daakanona valdebuleba, risi uaryo-fis ufleba aravis aqvs, risi suliskveTebac yvela specialistma unda gaiTavisos, Tu ar unda, rom igi gariyuli aRmoCndes kulturuli cxovrebidan. kanonad qceuli nafiqri warmoadgens ucilobel dokuments, romlis iuridiuli Zala droTa msvlelobaSi kidev ufro gamtkicde-ba da, amgvarad, samudamod daukavSirebs veneciis saxels am istoriul movlenas. faqtiurad, veneciis qartia mTeli msofliosaTvis gaxdeba oficialuri kanoni kulturuli obieqtebis konservaciis sferoSi.

piero gacolas mier (adamiani, romelic moiTxovda ikomosis moRvaweobis Zalze maRal standarts, im standarts, romelic Cven yovelTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT momavalSic) vene-ciis qartiis, ikomosis damfuZnebeli dokumentis mimarT gamoTqmuli es sityvebi savsebiT marTebuli iyo. es qartia, romelic Semdgom wlebSi daimowma ikomosis generaluri asambleis mier miRebulma sxva qartiebma da kanonebma, marTlac warmoadgens istoriul dokuments, tipiurs im droisaTvis, rodesac igi iyo Seqmnili da Sesabamisad, kvlav da kvlav moiTxovs axlebur interpritacias. da mainc, igi warmoadgens Seucvlel `iaraRs~ Cveni saqmianobisaTvis saerTaSoriso doneze. mcdeloba, daiweros `veneciis axali qartia~, risi magaliTicaa �000 wlis krakovis qartia, didad azriani araa.

I. Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi maTi avTenturobis mTeli sisavsiT

warsulis saTqmeliT gaJRenTili istoriuli Zeglebi, romelTac dRevandlamde moaR-wies, esaa saukunovani tradiciebis cocxali mowmeebi. adamianebi ufro da ufro naTlad ac-nobiereben kacobriobis RirebulebaTa erTobliobas da aRiqvaven kulturis Zeglebs rogorc saerTo memkvidreobas. ukve aRiarebulia momavali Taobebis am memkvidreobis movla-patrono-baze saerTo pasuxismgebloba. Cveni valdebulebaa maTi SenarCuneba da momavali TaobebisT-

- �� -

vis gadacema. es aris veneciis qartiis Sesavali, romelmac bolomde ver gansazRvra avTenturi Zeglis mniSvneloba, romelic unda SemovunaxoT momaval Taobebs. es davaleba naras konfer-encias (��) unda Seesrulebina. avTenturobis naras dokumenti iziarebs veneciis qartiis suliskveTebas, efuZneba mas da kidev ufro zrdis mis masStabs kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT zrunvisa da dainteresebis gafarToebis pasuxad (naras dokumentis preambula). naras dokumenti, erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvelovani samecniero naSromi Tanamedrove konservaciis TeoriaSi, Seecada ganesazRvra `Canafiqris, masalisa da ostatobis avTenturobis testi~, ��7� SemuSavebuli wlis msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciis gansaxorcieleblad ise farTod, rogorc es SesaZleneli iyo da Tanac ise, rom mniSvnelovani paragrafi ��-is mixedviT masSi mkafiod gaTvaliswinebuli yofiliyo kulturuli memkvidreobis aramaterialuri Rirebule-ba: kulturuli memkvidreobis bunebis, misi kulturuli Sinaarsis, saukuneebis manZilze misi evoluciis gaTvaliswinebiT avTenturobaze msjeloba ukavSirdeba sxvadasxva gziT miRebu-li informaciis sandoobas. informaciis wyaroebi mravalnairia. es SeiZleba exebodes for-mas da dizains, masalas da nivTier Sedgenilobas, gamoyenebas da funqcias, tradiciebsa da teqnikas, adgilmdebareobas da garemos, sulierebas da grZnobebs da sxva Sinagan Tu garegan faqtorebs.

mravali am faqtoridan ukve Sesulia veneciis qartiaSi, mag., avTenturi adgilmdebareo-ba da garemo, paragrafi �: Zeglis konservacia gulisxmobs misi garemos dacvas, Tu isic Rirebulia. iq sadac arsebobs tradiciuli garemo, igi SenarCunebuli unda iyos. araviTari axali Senoba, Zvelis ngreva an modifikacia, rac Secvlis masis da feris urTierT kavSirs, ar SeiZleba iyos nebadarTuli. aseve paragrafi 7: Zegli warmoadgens ganuyofel nawils isto-riisa, romlis mowmecaa igi da im bunebrivi garemosi, sadac igi gvxvdeba. Zeglebis SenarCu-nebis Semdegi winapiroba exeba mis gamoyenebas da funqcias, ris Sesaxeb qartiis paragrafi � acxadebs Semdegs: Zeglebis konservacia yovelTvis ufro advilia, Tu isini SeiZleba so-cialurad gamosadegi gaxdes. aseTi gamoyeneba sasurvelia, magram aman ar unda gamoiwvios Senobis gegmarebis an dekoris Secvla. mxolod am farglebSia SesaZlebeli im cvlilebebis ganxilva da nebadarTva, rasac moiTxovs nagebobis Secvlili funqcia. es paragrafi mianiSnebs SezRudvebs, romlebic unda Tan axldes Zeglis gamoyenebis mizniT Catarebul saxecvlile-bebs. SezRudvebi gansakuTrebiT xazgasmuli unda iyos dRevandel menejmentSi `gamoyenebis fetiSizmis~ tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT (`Zegli gamoyenebis gareSe dakargulia~). ar davi-wyebT detalur analizs imisa, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba moitanos Zeglis gamoyenebam, rogorc garkveuli kategoriis Zeglebis dacvis winapirobam. aq mxolod aRvniSnavT, rom Zeglis `sa-sargeblo funqcionirebaSi~ Cven vgulisxmobT ara marto mis faqtiur gamoyenebas, rogoric unda iyos igi, aramed mis kulturul azrsac, rogoricaa misi, rogorc `xelovnebis Zeglis~ esTetikuri Rirebuleba an rogorc ìstoriuli Zeglis~ istoriuli Rirebuleba (magaliTad, istoriuli nagebobis funqcia, rogorc sivrcobrivi da istoriuli òrientiri~).

magram veneciis qartia yuradRebas amaxvilebs ara marto Zeglis garemosa da funqciaze, aramed formaze, masalaze da teqnikazec, avTentur Zeglebsa da RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze mTlianobaSi – Zeglebi `maTi avTenturobis mTeli sisavsiT.~ qartiis mTavari sazrunavia avTenturi nivTieri qsovilis dacva da konservacia. magram Zeglis òriginaluroba~ ar exeba mxolod mis pirvandel saxes, aramed ufro gviandel cvlilebebsac moicavs: yvela periodis Rirebuli wvlili... saTanadod unda iyos dafasebuli (paragrafi ��). qartia agreTve xazs us-vavs Zeglis yvela Semadgeneli nawilis erTianobis xelSeuxeblobas da Zeglisa da misi deko-ris urRvevobas, romelic ar SeiZleba amoglejili iyos konteqstidan: qandakeba, kedlis mxatvroba an sxva dekori ar SeiZleba ganvacalkevoT Zeglidan, Tu es ar aris misi dacvis uz-runvelyofis erTaderTi saSualeba (paragrafi �).

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, konservaciis praqtikas, rac gulisxmobs monacemTa Segnebul Senar-Cunebas, unda SeeZlos daasabuTos calkeuli istoriuli fenebis dakargva, garkveul piro-bebSi an zog SemTxvevaSi dauSvas danakargebi, raTa Zeglma SemdgomSi uwyvetad ganagrZos fun-qcionireba. mxolod rogorc mecnieruli disciplina SesZlebs konservacia daareguliros da awon-dawonos, risi dakargva Rirs imisTvis, rom meti SeinarCuno, gadalaxos is problemebi, rac yvela samuSao gadawyvetilebas sdevs Tan. Zeglebis konservaciasa da restavraciisas unda mivmarToT yvela dargis mecnierebas da teqnologiebs, romelTac ZaluZT Tavisi wvli-li Seitanon arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlasa da dacvaSi, acxadebs veneciis qartiis paragrafi �. amgvarad, dRevandel dRes Zeglis SenarCunebis mecnieruli aspeqti sruliad aSkarad sayovelTaod aRiarebuli moTxovnaa. es aseve exeba dokumentacias, romelic winaswar unda momzaddes da Tan daerTos da abolovebdes yovel calkeul proeqts, romelic Sesrule-bulia im meTodebisa da principebis Tanaxmad, rac aRwerilia momdevno TavebSi. am sityvebiT

- �� -

mTavrdeba veneciis qartiis paragrafi ��. sruliad aSkaraa, rom Zeglis dacva-SenarCuneba unda eyrdnobodes mecnierul safuZvels, magram praqtikaSi amas xSirad iviwyeben sxvadasx-va mizezTa gamo: yvela saxis samuSaos Sesrulebisas, iqneba es konservacia, restavracia Tu gaTxrebi, mas Tan unda axldes analitikuri da kritikuli angariSis Semcveli dawvrilebiTi dokumentacia, dasuraTebuli fotoebiT da naxazebiT. dasufTavebis, gamagrebis, gadakeTebis da integraciis yoveli etapi, iseve rogorc muSaobisas aRmoCenili teqnikuri Tu formal-uri maCveneblebi, CarTuli unda iyos am dokumentaciaSi. es angariSi unda moTavsebuli iyos arqivSi an raime sxva sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaSi ise, rom xelmisawvdomi iyos kvleviTi muSaobisaTvis. aseve sasurvelia angariSis gamoqveyneba. zogierTi mosazreba ukve iyo for-mulirebuli veneciis qartiis winamorbed aTenis qartiaSi (VIIc “saerTaSoriso dokumentaciis Rirsebebi~).

da bolos, veneciis qartiis, rogorc `konservaciis sferoSi oficialuri kanonis~ saer-TaSoriso mniSvneloba paragraf �-Si gansazRvruli Zeglis koncefciiTac ganisazRvreba, ro-melic did wilad efuZneba evropul tradiciebs: istoriuli Zeglis koncefcia moicavs ara marto calkeul arqiteqturul nagebobas, aramed qalaqisa Tu soflis garemos, sadac aRmoCe-nili iqneba ama Tu im civilizaciis niSnebi, mniSvnelovani procesisa an istoriuli movlenis mowmoba. es exeba ara marto xelovnebis didebul nimuSebs, aramed, warsulis ufro mokrZa-lebul namuSevrebsac, romelTac droTa msvlelobaSi SeiZines garkveuli mniSvneloba.

gansazRvravda ra `Zegls~ ise, rom igi `warsulis mokrZalebul namuSevrebsac~ moicavs, `veneciis qartia~, misi miRebis dros, albaT, im Zeglebsa da RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs gulisx-mobda, romlebic ramdenime wlis Semdeg, ��7� wels msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciam gansaz-Rvra rogorc `kulturuli memkvidreoba.~ Tumca yvela saxis ZeglebSi igulisxmeboda ara marto `gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis~ Zeglebi, rac warmoadgenda konvenciis moTxovnas:

_ Zeglebi: arqiteqturis, monumenturi qandakebis da mxatvrobis nawarmoebebi, arqeologiuri xasiaTis nagebobebi an elementebi, warwerebi, gamoqvabuli sacxovreblebi da TvisebaTa erToblioba, romelTac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli universaluri Rirebuleba istoriis xelovnebis da mecnierebis TvalsazrisiT;

_ SenobaTa jgufebi: calkeuli an erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul SenobaTa jgufebi, romlebic maTi arqiteqturiT, maTi erTgvarovnebiT an maTi adgiliT garemoSi warmoadgens gan-sakuTrebul universalur Rirebulebas istoriis, xelovnebis da mecnierebis Tvalsaz-risiT;

_ RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi: adamianis xeliT Seqmnili an adamianisa da bunebis saerTo qmnile-bebi da zonebi, arqeologiuri teritoriebis CaTvliT, romelTac gaaCniaT gansakuTreb-uli universaluri Rirebuleba istoriuli, esTetikuri, eTnologiuri Tu antropolo-giuri TvalsazrisiT.

ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad cxadia, rom veneciis qartiis gamocemidan aTeuli wlebis ganma-vlobaSi warmodgena `kulturuli memkvidreobis~ Taobaze Tanamedrove sazogadoebis TvalSi sagrZnoblad gafarTovda _ gavixsenoT Tundac `kulturuli landSaftis~ an `kulturuli marSrutebis~ kategoriebi, SemuSavebuli Semdgom msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciis ganx-orcielebisas an mzardi interesi soflis dasaxlebebis da xalxuri arqiteqturis mimarT, industriuli epoqis memkvidreobis an `axali~ memkvidreobisadmi da mxedvelobaSi isic mivi-RoT, rom XX saukune ukve istoriaa. magram kulturuli memkvidreobis aseTi kategoriebic savsebiT Seesabameba `veneciis qartias~, Tu kulturuli mravalferovnebis Sesabamisad ter-minebSi `Zeglebi~ da `RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi~ Cven vgulisxmobT maT yovelgvar formas. Tu `yvelaferi, rac raimes gvagonebs~ SeiZleba iyos `Zegli~, ciceronis gvianklasikuri ganmartebisamebr (omnia monumenta sunt quae faciunt alicuius rei recorgationem), sazogadoebrivi interesi `samaxsovro sagnebis~ dacvisa da konservaciis mimarT SesaZloa yovlismomcveli iyos da gavrceldes wminda adgilis avTentur sulzec, romelic Zalian Znelad sagrZnobia da gardasul dReTa mowmeebzedac, romlebic viTomcda urRvevi masalisagan arian Seqmnili.

- �7 -

II. konservaciis, restavraciis, ganaxlebis da aRdgenis principebi

jer kidev istoriuli Zeglebis restavraciis aTenis qartiam ganasxvava erTmaneTisagan restavracia da konservacia maTi viwro mniSvnelobiT, Semdgom ki veneciis qartiis saTaurSi orivea moxsenebuli – Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis konservaciisa da restavraciis saerTaSoriso qartia – da gamoyenebulia Sesabamisi paragrafebis qvesaTaurebad, konserva-cia – paragrafebi �-�, restavracia – paragrafebi �-��. miuxedavad amisa, dResdReobiT kon-servacia-restavracia ixmareba Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis SenarCunebis zogadad yvela saxis RonisZiebebis gansazRvrisaTvis – e. i. SenarCuneba an konservacia-restavracia zogadad. aqedan gamomdinare Cveni saerTaSoriso qartiebis marTebulad gagebisaTvis jerac aucilebeli da saWiro rCeba ganvasxvavoT konservacia da restavracia maTi viwro mniSvnelo-biT. termini `konservacia-restavracia~, romlic xSirad gvxvdeba restavraciaze nawerebSi (mag., ̀ kedlis mxatvrobis konservaciis principebSi~) mxolod aZlierebs xSirad ganuyofel ka-vSirs am or meTods Soris. amave dros, TiToeuli maTgani gulisxmobs SenarCunebis RonisZie-bebis sruliad gansxvavebul midgomas, dawyebuli preistoriuli naSTebis konservaciiT vidre istoriuli Zeglebis interierisa da eqsterieris da maTTan erTad yvela saxis xelovnebis nimuSebis, gamarTulobisa da moZravi obieqtebis konservaciidan restavraciamde.

Zeglebis SenarCunebis istoriaSi gansakuTrebiT gansxvavebulad termini restavracia ganisazRvreboda. Tu zogierT `purizmisaken midrekil~ kolegebSi termini `restavracia~ kv-lavac iwvevs uaryofiT asociaciebs, es imitom, rom jerac ar gamqrala Sedegebi im brZolisa, rac ��00 wlis axlos gaCaRda restavraciis XIX s-Si miRebuli meTodebis winaaRmdeg, rom-lebic met-naklebad rekonstruqciaze iyo fokusirebuli (maT warmosaCenad `restavraciis~ viole-le-diukid saxelganTqmuli gansazRvrebac kmara). amis gaTvalisiwnebiT unda gavigoT ara marto georg deios cnobili gamonaTqvami – `gaakeTe konservacia da ara restavracia,~ aramed veneciis qartiaSi Canaclebisa an Tundac rekonstruqciisadmi Zalze mkacri damokide-buleba. es gansakuTrebiT naTeli xdeba paragraf �-is frangul versiaSi: La restauratio est une opération qui doit garden un caractere exceptionnel (!) (maSin, rodesac inglisurad vkiTxulobT Semdegs: restavraciis procesi uaRresad specializirebuli samuSaoa). aRsaniSnavia aseve, rom am konsteqstSi termini `rekonstruqcia~ mxolod erTxel aris naxmari veneciis qartiis paragraf ��-Si, romelic exeba gaTxrebis Sedegebs, im dros, roca termini `ganaxleba~ saer-Tod ar aris naxsenebi. miuxedavad XIX saukunis restavraciis meTodebis uaryofiTi gamoc-dilebisa, XX saukuneSic Zalian xSirad awarmoebdnen ara marto Zeglebis konservaciasa da restavracias, aramed faqtiurad maT ganaxlebasa da rekonstruqciasac.

am viTarebaSi Tanamedrove specialur literaturaSi es terminebi naxmaria raime dife-renciaciis gareSe – restavracia, rogorc zogadi termini restavraciisa da konservaci-isTvis, ganaxleba restavraciis magivrad an piriqiT, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT imaze, rom zog qveynebSi termini `rekonstruqcia~ ixmareba restavraciisa da ganaxlebis magivrad miuxeda-vad imisa, Senobis rekonstruqcia tardeba, restavracia, ganaxleba an ubralod konservacia. radgan praqtikaSi es cnebebi xSirad gadafaravs xolme erTmaneTs, Zeglis SenarCunebisaTvis konservaciis, restavraciis da ganaxlebis meTodebi zustad unda iyos gagebuli. garda amisa, samwuxarod, xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac Zeglis SenarCunebis mizniT Catarebuli sa-muSaoebisas ikargeba ZiriTadi mizani, TiTqos nislis kedliT ifareba da aseT qmedebas yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi amarTleben warmatebuli `restavraciis~ an `ganaxlebis~ sakvanZo si-tyvebiT, rac faqtiurad faravs yovelnair samuSaos – ukidures SemTxvevaSi, originalis ga-nadgurebasac ki. kvlav unda gavimeoroT: Zeglis SenarCunebis yvela saxis RonisZieba – iqneba es konservacia, restavracia, Tu ganaxleba – unda emsaxurebodes Zeglis da misi istoriuli nivTieri qsovilis SenarCunebas; sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Cven unda SevinarCunoT origi-nali im saxiT, rogoric igi Cvenamde movida, misi sxvadasxva fenebiT da misi RirsSesaniSnavi, Tu, erTi SexedviT, meore xarisxovani Tu naklebad mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilebiT. saTauriT `mizani~ veneciis qartiam paragraf �-Si mokled Seajama Zeglis SenarCunebis Ta-visTavadac aSkara winapiroba: Zeglebis konservaciis da restavraciis mizania daicvas isini, rogorc xelovnebis nawarmoebi da istoriuli dokumentebi.

am ZiriTadi miznidan gamomdinare, naTeli xdeba, rom rig SemTxvevebSi misaRebia mxolod kon-servacia, misi viwro mniSvnelobiT; restavracia an ganaxleba SeiZleba SesaZlebeli an sasurveli iyos mxolod garkveuli winapirobebisas an iqneb mkacrad unda iyos uaryofili.

SemdgomSi ganaxlebis meTodTan dakavSirebiT, romelic bevrad ufro Sors midis vi-dre restavracia, Zeglis SenarCunebis konservaciis da restavraciis tradiciuli meTodebi ar iqneba ganxiluli restavraciis da gansakuTrebiT ki ganaxlebis samuSaoebis im SesaZlo

- �� -

safrTxis dawvrilebiTi miTiTebis gareSe, romelic jer kidev arsebobs veneciis qartiidan �0 wlis Semdeg. aseve, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis Taname-drove gaazrebis Tanaxmad, es terminebi gulisxmobs RonisZiebaTa farTo speqtrs, im dros, roca adre terminebi konservacia, restavracia da ganaxleba ZiriTadad ixmareboda mxatvro-bisa da qandakebis nawarmoebTa mimarT an `xelovnebis Zeglebis~ konteqstSi Zeglis SenarCu-nebis `klasikur~ sferoSi. SemdgomSi konservacia naxmari iqneba misi viwro mniSvnelobiT, da ara rogorc konservacia zogadad.

konservacia

konservacia (conservare) niSnavs Senaxvas, SenarCunebas. amgvarad, Zeglis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi pozicia yvelaze sufTa saxiT gamoixateba konservaciaSi: konservacia warmoadgens Zeglis SenarCunebis umTavress princips. gamagrebis da usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebTan erTad, sakonservacio samuSao icavs Zeglis nivTier qsovils, xels uSlis mis Semdgom dazianebas, ris gamoc mas unda mieniWos absoluturi upiratesoba yvela sxva RonisZiebasTan SedarebiT. samwuxarod, es principi ar aris erTxel da samudamod uzrunvelyofili ram, radgan xSirad Zeglis calkeuli nawilebi did fasad ganaxlebuli an rekonstruirebulic ki aris, im dros, roca misi sxva Semadgeneli nawilebi ganagrZoben ngrevas da mitovebulia saswrafo sakonser-vacio samuSaoebis gareSe.

yvela is saSualeba, romelic emsaxureba Zeglis nivTieri qsovilis SenarCunebas, unda miCneul iqnas sakonservacio samuSaod. konservacia Seicavs, magaliTad, Zeglis istoriuli qsovilis konsolidacias, qvis qandakebis gaJRenTvas, wamlis ineqtirebas baTqaSis fenis qveS gaCenil sicarielebSi, suraTis an SeRebili qandakebis feradovani zedapiris Semtkicebas, su-raTis safuZvelis gamagrebas da sxv. istoriuli Senobebis SemTxvevaSi, konservacia gulisxmobs yvela saxis RonisZiebebs, rac win aRudgeba Semdgom ngrevas da daicavs istoriul qsovils. aman SeiZleba moicvas struqturuli gamagreba saTanado damxmare konstruqciebiT, an Zeglis Semadgeneli nawilebis Secvla an SemadgenelTa dasruleba im zomamde, rac xels SeuSlis mis Semdgom dazianebas. am mimarTebaSi, dazianebuli qvebis ganuwyveteli Secvla qvismTlelebis sakaTedro saxelosnoebis mier avlebs sasazRvro xazs konservaciasa da restavracias So-ris. ufro metic, garda tradiciuli xerxebisa, garkveul SemTxvevebSi istoriuli qsovilis gadasarCenad konservaciaSi unda gamoyenebuli iyos axali xelmisawvdomi teqnologiebic. am sakiTxs specialurad exeba veneciis qartiis paragrafi �0: iq sadac tradiciuli xerxe-bi Seuferebeli aRmoCndeba, Zeglis gamagreba SeiZleba miRweul iqnes konservaciis da kon-struqciis nebismieri axali teqnologiiT, romlis efeqtiuroba dadasturebuli iqneba mec-nieruli monacemebiT da damtkicebuli gamocdilebiT. sifrTxile gvmarTebs im meTodebis mimarT, romlebic ar aris saTanadod Semowmebuli an testirebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, Tu mocemuli Zegli ar SeiZleba gadavarCinoT sxva raime gziT. zogierT SemTxvevebSi _ qvis figuris sruli gaJRenTva akrilis fisiT, rodesac misi gadarCenis sxva gza ar arsebobs, _ Seqcevadobis principic ki ignorirebuli unda iyos konservaciaSi.

SekeTebis samuSaoebi, romelic cdeba arsebuli nivTieri qsovilis ubralod dacvas, aRar SeiZleba Sediodes sakonservacio samuSaos sferoSi. magaliTad, napralis Sevseba, iqneba es naxatis bzari, Tu qalaqis zRudis ganarRvevi, ar miiCneva sakonservacio samuSaod, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseT Sevsebas moiTxovs is teqnologiebi, rac gamoiyeneba Zeglis usafrTxoebisaTvis. amis sawinaaRmdegod, im nawilis moSoreba, romelic Zegls safrTxes uqm-nis, SeiZleba miCneul iqnas mniSvnelovan sakonservacio saSualebad. xandaxan es Seexeba axali droebis motanil minamatebs, im zomiT, ramdenadac isini faqtiurad safrTxes uqmnian is-toriul qsovils (mag. danadgari, romelic iwvevs struqturul zians, an axali mobaTqaSeba, romelic Seicavs cements).

nangrevebi, gansakuTrebiT ki cixe-darbazebis nangrevebi, romelTa SenarCunebis Taobaze XIX saukunis damlevs mimdinareobda gacxarebuli kamaTi, warmoadgens konservaciis saukeTeso ilustracias, razedac miuTiTebs veneciis qartia: rodesac saqme nangrevebs exeba, saWiroa zedmiwevniTi konservacia. . . aseT SemTxvevaSi Zeglis Rirebulebas isic iwvevs, rom is frag-mentirebulia, nangrevebad qceuli, rac warsuls mogvagonebs da istorias “drois iarebad~ gviTvalsaCinoebs. rekonstruqciasa (mas ki dResac SeiZleba gadaveyaroT) da im ideas Soris manevrirebas, romelsac SigadaSig Tavisi mxardamWerebi uCndeba _ davacadoT nangrevebs `mS-

- �� -

venebiT gaqroba~ (es ukanaskneli gasagebi reaqciaa realurad arsebuli Zeglis ganadgurebaze, rac pirvel damokidebulebas moyveba), konservaciis gegmam unda moiZios swori gza yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi: magaliTad, kedlebis stabilizacia, magram mxolod stabilizacia da ara nangrevebis xasiaTis gayalbeba arasaWiro damatebebiT. wamozrdili mcenareebis moSorebac ki, rac TiTqosda cxadia konservaciis dros, Zalze guldasmiT unda iyos mofiqrebuli; miuxe-davad imisa, rom mcenareebis zrda safrTxes uqmnis Zeglis nivTier qsovils, mas mainc Seaqvs Tavisi wvlili Zeglis saerTo `cxovelxatul~ xasiaTSi. nagebobis mniSvnelovani komponentis (iseTi, rogorc freskis fragmentebi cixesimagris samlocvelos nangrevebSi) gardauvali ga-nadgurebis SemTxvevaSi, gadaxurva SeiZleba gaxdes aucilebeli sakonservacio RonisZieba, maSinac ki, Tu es ewinaaRmdegeba Zeglis bunebas. amitomac gasagebia romauli abanos mTli-anad konservirebuli kedlis narCenebis da mokirwyluli iatakis gadaxurva, romelic ramden-ime weliwadSi sruliad ganadgurdeboda am damcveli saxuravis gareSe. cixe-darbazebis nan-grevebis SemTxvevaSi, kedlis garkveuli narCenebis da sxva aRmoCenili masalis saukeTeso kon-servaciaa maTi datoveba miwis qveS. samwuxarod, xSirad gaTxrebs awarmoeben moyvarulebi da, saTanado zedamxedvelobis gareSe, es adamianebi umowyalod anadgureben TavianT aRmoCenebs.

martooden nangrevebis magaliTiT rodi vrwmundebiT, rom konservacia niSnavs Zeglis SenarCunebas Tundac mis fragmentul mdgomareobaSi: freskis, qandakebis, larnakis an epi-tafiis fragmentebi warmoadgens sagnebs, romelTa istoriuli saxe ar unda iyos `gayalbe-buli~ restavraciis an ganaxlebis gziT Setanili damatebebiT.

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, garkveuli kategoriis ZeglebisaTvis konservacia aris upirvelesi da erTaderTi saSualeba! sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo aSkaraa, rom es, kerZod, exeba Zeglebs, rom-lebic gaiazrebian muzeumis msgavs konteqstSi. amis sapirispirod, dasaxlebuli Zveli qalaqe-bi ar SeiZleba SenarCunebuli iyos rogorc istoriuli raionebi, sadac mxolod konservaciis meTodi gamoiyeneba. imisTvis, rom Zeglebis mravali kategoriis `gamoyenebiTi Rirebuleba~ moiTxovs maT SekeTebas da mniSvnelovan reabilitacias, rac cdeba konservaciis meTods da moicavs SenarCunebis sxva meTodebsac, rogoricaa restavracia da zog SemTxvevebSi ganaxle-bac ki. da mainc, konservacia aris da yovelTvis iqneba aTvlis wertili Zeglis SenarCunebis sakiTxze msjelobisas.

restavracia

Caaataro restavracia (restaurare) niSnavs aRadgino; qveviT is ar iqneba ganmartebuli, ro-gorc zogadad Zeglis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi samuSaos aRmniSvneli termini, aramed, rogorc saSualeba, romelic diferencirebuli unda iyos konservacia da dacvisagan iseve, rogorc ga-naxlebisagan. veneciis qartia acxadebs, rom restavraciis mizania SeinarCunos da gamoavlinos Zeglis esTetikuri da istoriuli Rirebuleba da efuZneba originaluri masalis da avTentu-ri dokumentebis pativiscemas. amgvarad, imisTvis, rom `gamovavlinoT~ Zeglis avTenturi da istoriuli Rirebulebani, ufro meti unda movimoqmedoT, vidre ubralod misi `SenarCuneba~ an konservaciaa; an, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, gamovkveToT Zeglis Rirsebebi, romlebic dafarulia (ra mizeziTac unda iyos), damaxinjebulia an dazianebulia, niSnavs `aRvadginoT~ isini. maSin, rodesac Zeglis arsebuli nivTieri qsovilis konservacia mxolod cdilobs, ramdenadac es saWiroa, teqnikuri saSualebebiT gaamagros garkveuli monakveTebi da mospos nivTieri qsovilis dazianebis mizezi, restavraciis zrunvis sagania Zeglis, rogorc istoriis da xelovnebis mowmobis mTliani ieri.

garda Tavdapirveli qsovilis stabilizaciisa da konservaciisa, restavracia amatebs axal elementebs ise, rom araferi moakldes pirvandel qsovils. Tu, magaliTad, mxatvrobas bzari gauCndeba, rac seriozulad auaresebs mTlian garegnul efeqts, ganurCevlad TviT dazianeb-uli farTobisa (is SeiZleba SedarebiT mcire iyos), mas fers daadeben xole. restavraciis mravali SesaZlebloba, rac yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi guldasmiT unda iyos awon-dawonili, meryeobs mxatvrobis neitraluri `koreqtirebidan,~ ganadgurebuli elementebis mTlianad Secvlamde, rogorc es xdeboda dekoratiuli baTqaSis bzaris an garkveuli rigis arqiteqtu-ruli qandakebis SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad, mali, romelic Camoingra konstruqciuli dazianebis gamo sxva mxriv uvnebel aRorZinebis droindel sasaxleSi, ver iqneboda konservirebuli Sua saukuneebis cixe-darbazebis nangrevebis mimarT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, _ sazogado esTetikuri STabeWdilebisaTvis mas momijnave malebis Sesabamisad aRadgendnen.

restavracias SeuZlia wavides ufro Sors, vidre harmonizireba an danaklisis Sevsebaa,

- �0 -

raTa gamoasworos winadroindeli restavraciebis damaxinjebebi. yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes ki, rom axalma restavraciam SesaZloa calmxrivad gansazRvros konkretuli esTetikuri da istoriuli Rirebulebani an `gaayalbos~ kidevac isini, riTic iseve `daamaxinjebs~ Zegls, ro-gorc es gaakeTa wina restavraciam, romlis Secdomebi gaxda axali Carevebis sababi. restavra-cias aseve SeuZlia axalad gamoavlinos sruliad dafaruli Zegli, iseTi rogorc gviani naSeniT dafaruli klasikuri taZari, an Sua saukuneebis freska interieris dekoris gviani fenebis qveS.

konkretuli fenis xelaxali warmoCenisas – iseTi rogoricaa mxatvroba, romelic ar Cans, magram faqtiurad Zalian kargadaa daculi kiris ramdenime fenis qveS – yovelTvis unda davsvaT kiTxva: ra aris im Zeglis restavraciis mizani, romelic Sedgeba sruliad gansxvave-buli istoriuli fenebisagan? (rac, mogexsenebaT, sakmaod xSiria). Zeglis asakis da istoriis maCveneblebad TiToeuli es fena uaRresad Rirebul nawils warmoadgens. Tu warmovidgenT, rom Sua saukuneebis freskas (unda iqnes warmoCenili?) zemodan faravs barokos epoqis mx-atvroba, amas ki XIX saukunis ferwera, an rom barokos droindeli jvarcmis originaluri mravalferovneba (unda iqnes warmoCenili?) zemodan dafarulia aranakleb rva Sesabamisi poliqromiis naxatiT, rom romauli taZari (unda iqnes warmoCenili?) integrirebulia bizan-tiuri eklesiis kompleqsSi, maSin naTeli gaxdeba is problemebi, rac Tan axlavs yvela saxis sarestavracio samuSaoebs. es problemebi gansakuTrebiT rTuldeba, da Zalze xSiradac, Tu restavracia ukompromisod orientirebulia arsebul an savaraudo `pirvandel mdgomareo-baze,~ rasac uyoymanod unda Seewiros gviandeli istoriuli fenebi. faqtiurad, mxolod winaswari detaluri kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilvis Semdeg SegviZlia Cven SevudgeT muSaobas, didi sifrTxiliT da veneciis qartiis paragrafi ��-is Tanaxmad, romelic sruliad mkafiod uaryofs XIX saukunis restavraciis praqtikas, romlis mizani iyo `stilis erTianoba:~ pativi unda vceT Zeglis nagebobaSi Setanil yvela periodis Rirebul wvlils, radgan stilis er-Tianoba ar warmoadgens restavraciis mizans. rodesac nageboba Seicavs erTmaneTze dadebul sxvadasxva periodis naxelavs, qveda fenis warmoCena SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi da rodesac is, rac moSorebuli iqneba naklebad Rirebulia, xolo is, rac mzis Suqs ixilavs, warmoadgens did istoriul, arqeologiur da esTetikur Ri-rebulebas da Tanac sakmaod kargadaa Senaxuli, rom gaamarTlos aseTi qmedeba.

amgvarad, aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile; restavraciis mizani ar unda iyos SeTanxmebuli mxolod romelime konkretul ìstoriul mdgomareobasTan,~ Tu es qmedeba gamoiwvevs sxva ìstoriuli mdgomareobis~ ganadgurebas. principulad, pirvel rigSi daculi unda iyos arsebuli, droTa ganmavlobaSi evoluciis Sedegad gaCenili qsovili, is unda iq-nas miCneuli itoriul mdgomareobad. mxolod zedmiwevniTi analizis Semdeg, SesaZlebelia gamarTlebuli iyos naklebad mniSvnelovani naxelavis moSoreba, raTa warmovaCinoT `didi istoriuli, arqeologiuri da esTetikuri Rirebulebis~ masala. garda amisa, raoden mniS-vnelovanic unda iyos adrindeli mdgomareoba mogviano cvlilebebTan mimarTebiT, is imdenad kargadac unda iyos daculi, rom `gaamarTlos es qmedeba~. romanul SeRebil xis qandakebaze darCenili saRebavis ramdenime marcvali iseve ver gaamarTlebs mTlianad Semonaxuli baro-kaluri Seferilobis mocilebas, rogorc Sua saukuneebis naTali qvis kedlis narCenebis ar-seboba mTeli nagebobis dangrevas, romelic saukuneTa manZilze daSenda masze.

restavraciis proeqti, Zeglis dacvis RonisZiebebSi unda aseve iTvaliswinebdes Zeglis funqcias da mis kavSirs garemosTan. ase, didi arqiteqturul kompleqsSi Semavali monastris eklesia Tavisi dekoratiuli morTulobiTurT, `cal-calke restavrirebuli~ ar unda iyos. muzeumisTvis SesaZloa azri hqondes xelaxla warmoaCinos RvTismSoblis gvianguTuri qanda-kebis XV saukunis poliqromia, raTa gviani danamatebis moSorebiT moxdes misi fragmentireb-uli mdgomareobis saboloo konservacia. magram imave qandakebas barokos droindel sakurTx-evelSi moTavsebuls, ra Tqma unda, unda SevunarCunoT barokaluri poliqromia. XVII saukunis sakurTxeveli, romelic mdebareobs XVIII saukunis erTianad xelaxla morTul sivrceSi, ar unda warmoCindes Tavisi pirvandeli feradovnebiT, aramed ufro sasurvelia, gamovavlinoT misi meore an, Tugind mesame versia, is, romelic srul harmoniaSi iqneba garemo sivrcesTan. restavraciis iseTi xerxic ki, romelic Zalze martivad da aSkarad gamoiyureba, rogoricaa gayviTlebuli laqis moSoreba imisTvis, rom gamovavlinoT Zveli mxatvroba an marmarilos mopirkeTeba, saTuo SeiZleba iyos, Tu `drois Rirebulebis~ mqone Sris moSorebiT Seicvleba urTierTkavSiri namuSevris sxva komponentebTan an Zeglis sxva damaxasiaTebel niSnebTan da `gancalkavebiT restavracia~ gamogviva.

Zeglis sxvadasxva fenebis da restavraciis proeqtis gansxvavebuli miznebis da winapi-robebis gaTvaliswinebiT, egreT wodebuli ànalituri restavracia~ periodulad warmoSobs

- �� -

zedmetobebs, gvibiZgebs erTdroulad davicvaT da gamovavlinoT Zeglis yvela calkeuli istoriuli mdgomareoba, Tundac nawilobriv. sasaxlis barokos droindel fasadze SemorCe-nili aRorZinebis periodis arqiteqturuli dekori, adre Sua saukuneebis Riobebi, xelax-la warmoCenili gvianguTuri mxatvrobis fragmentebi da romauli Tlili qvis narCenebi, yvelaferi amis danaxva SesaZlebeli gaxda erTaderT malze, da miviReT daculi `nimuSi.~ igive SeiZleba iTqvas qandakebaze, romlis calkeuli nawilebi gansxvavebuli periodebis war-momCenadaa restavrirebuli. Tuki mniSvnelovani da saWiroa winamorbedi istoriuli mdgo-mareobis meTodurad saRi winaswaruli kvleva da dokumentacia imisTvis, rom davadginoT Zeglis ZiriTadi xasiaTi, rac gaxdeba restavraciis gzamkvlevi principi, sarestavracio gegma orientirebuli unda iyos Zeglis evoluciagancdil istoriul da esTetikur mTlianobaze. mowmoba-maCveneblebis dacva aucilebelia, magram kvalis Zieba TviTmiznuri ar unda iyos da ar unda gansazRvravdes restavraciis mizans.

garda amisa, adrindeli istoriuli viTarebac SesaZlebelia rekonstruirebul iqnas, ma-gram qaRaldze, samecniero publikaciad. rac Seexeba, mag., gvianguTur fragmentebs barokos droindeli eklesiis interierSi, albaT, sasurveli iqneboda maTi ara restavracia, aramed xe-laxali dafarva (Tu saWiroa, restavraciis mere), im mizniT, rom ar dairRves Zeglis esTeti-kuri da istoriuli mTlianoba. `fanjara warsulSi,~ rac restavraciis msvlelobisas gaixsna, maSinRaa dasaSvebi, rodesac SeumCnevel adgilzea ganlagebuli da ver moaxdens zemoaRweri-lis msgavs uaryofiT zemoqmedebas. sazogadod ki, mosaridebelia ”analituri restavraciis~ zedmetobebi, rac warmoadgens `calmxrivi restavraciis~ gansakuTrebul saxeobas.

es ra Tqma unda, exeba ara marto konkretul sarestavracio proeqtebs da mravali dekora-tiuli komponentis Semcvel Zeglebs, aramed erTi istoriuli ubnis SigniT sarestavracio sa-muSaoebsac. xis karkasis xelaxalma warmoCenam, Tu mas calke ganvixilavT, iqneb warmatebuli sarestavracio namuSevari mogvces, magram moednis konteqstSi, sadac aris mxolod baro-kos Senobebi an barokos stilSi transformirebuli Suasaukunovani saxlebi, msgavsi Careva uaryofili unda iyos, rogorc moednis istoriuli ansamblis damaxinjeba da darRveva. aseve unda uarvyoT XIX saukuneSi saxecvlili quCis ieris restavraciisas misTvis Sua saukuneebis `pirvandeli mdgomareobis~ dabrunebis idea; arcTu iSviaTad restavraciis araprofesiul gagebaze damyarebuli masirebuli Careva ZeglTa ganadgurebis mizezic xdeba.

Tu `analitikuri restavracia~ _ istoriuli mdgomareobis `nimuSis Semzadebis~ nair-saxeoba, rac sruliad samarTlianad, Zalze naklebad gvxvdeba dRevandel praqtikaSi _ zians ayenebs Zeglis saerTo garegnobis harmoniulobas da garkveul adgilebSi nivTieri qsovilis ganadgurebas iwvevs, erTaderT istoriul mdgomareobamde `ukan dabrunebis restavraciis~ idea, koncepcia, romelic waramara iCens Tavs, gulisxmobs Zeglis yvela fenis moSorebas. mudmivi konfliqti Zeglis SenarCunebis, istoriuli qsovilis konservaciisa da dacvis mkacr moTxovnebTan aq winaswar aris daprogramirebuli, iseve rogorc konfliqti restavraciis principTan, rac zemoT ukve naxsenebi iyo veneciis qartiis paragraf ��-Si: misaReebia arse-buli mdgomareoba, xolo konkretuli adrindeli mdgomareobis aRdgena ki _ mxolod safuZ-vlianad dasabuTebul gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi.

da bolos, didi yuradReba unda mieqces zogad kavSirs restavraciis TiToeul pro-eqtsa da Zeglebis konservaciisa da SekeTebis zemoT aRweril principebs Soris. upiratesoba unda mieniWos konservaciis interesebs, Zneli sakiTxebis gadaWrisasac, rasac sarestavracio proeqtis miznebi warmoSobs. ufro metic, zogadad restavracia marTebulia mxolod maSin, Tu gamagrebis da konservaciis aucilebeli samuSaoebi winaswar aris Catarebuli an tardeba Tanadroulad.

principebi, romlebic zogadad exeba SekeTebas _ mxolod aucilebeli samuSaoebis Cat-areba da Seqcevadoba _ sarestavracio samuSaobebisaTvisac aseve Wris. da mainc, radgan um-niSvnelo istoriuli fenis gadaadgilebac ki, romelic nebadarTulia seriozuli gansjis Semdeg, warmoadgens iseT Carevas, romlis aRdgena SeuZlebelia, saWiroa miRebul iqnas pasux-ismgeblobis gansakuTrebuli zomebi Zeglis keTildReobis uzrunvelyofaTvis. amitom para-graf ��-Si veneciis qartia moiTxovs sxvadasxva specialistebis monawileobas yvela SesaZle-blobebis awon-dawonis mizniT: erTmaneTTan gadajaWvuli elementebis mniSvnelobis Sefaseba da im gadawyvetilebis miReba, Tu romlis ganadgurebaa SesaZlebeli, ar unda iyos mindobili mxolod erT adamianze, romelsac evaleba am samuSaos Sesruleba.

restavracia, romelic cdilobs dafaros da amoavsos napralebi, romlebic auaresebs Zeg-lis saerTo garegnul mxares, SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos SekeTebis principTan, romelic iyenebs istoriul masalebsa da meTodebs. es gansakuTrebiT exeba istoriuli nagebobebis Senar-Cunebas, maSin roca calkeul xelovnebis nimuSTa SemTxvevaSi, xandaxan unda gakeTdes aRdgeniTi

- �� -

Sevseba gansaxvavebuli meTodis gamoyenebiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs mis Secvlas dazianebis gareSe da dafuZnebuli iqneba Seqcevadobis principze. ra Tqma unda, iseve rogorc es iyo sa-konservacio samuSaoebis SemTxvevaSi, ara mxolod tradiciuli, aramed uaxlesi sarestavracio meTodebi (rasac aq calke ver ganvixilavT) unda iyos gamoyenebuli iq, sadac tradiciuli xe-rxebi uvargisi aRmoCndeba, rogorc es naTqvamia veneciis qartiis paragraf �0-Si.

ganaxleba

renovacia (renovare) niSnavs ganaxlebas da konservaciasa da restavraciasTan erTad, war-moadgens Zeglis SenarCunebis mesame farTod gavrcelebul meTods, Tumca igi ar aris sagange-bod moxsenebuli veneciis qartiaSi. ganaxlebis uSualo mizania Zeglis esTetikuri mTlianobis miRweva imgvarad, rom igi ̀ kvlav axali gaxdes~ (garegani saxe, Zeglis xilvadi zedapiri, da sxv.), maSin, rodesac sakonservacio samuSaoebis gziT `misi kvlav xilulad qceva~, gawmenda an xelax-li warmoCena nakluli adgilebis SevsebasTan erTad kvlav rCeba restavraciis prerogativa.

iseTi Zeglis ganaxleba, romelsac gaaCnia mravali istoriuli fena warmoSobs miznebTan dakavSirebul imave uTanxmoebebs, rac ukve ganxiluli iyo restavraciis konteqstSi. amasTan dakavSirebiTac veneciis qartiis paragrafi �� aRniSnavs: ganaxlebis samuSaoebis aRiarebuli principi is unda iyos, rom Zegli ganicdis evolucias da masSi SeiZleba iyos araerTi, er-Timeoreze dadebuli fena; arc erTi fena ar SeiZleba Seewiros esTetikur mTlianobas, rac ganaxlebis mizans warmoadgens, Tu ar arsebobs amis damajerebeli dasabuTeba, rac unda eyrd-nobodes detalur kvlevas da yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxaris guldasmiT awon-dawonas.

rodesac ganvixilavT konservacias, rogorc uzenaes princips, romelic miesadageba nebismier mcdelobas Zeglis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da SezRudvis princips, rodesac ZeglTa SekeTebisas visazRvrebiT yvelaze RirebuliT da aucilebeliT, SeiZleba Tqvan, rom kon-servacia yovelTvis saWiroa, restavracia gamarTlebulia konkretul pirobebSi, xolo ga-naxleba, rac TavisTavad axlis Seqmnas gulisxmobs da, Sesabamisad, raRacis ganadgurebas, ar Seesabameba Zeglis SenarCunebis ZiriTad moTxovnebs. amgvarad, deios sityvebis `daakonserve, nu aRadgen~ magivrad xom ar sjobia, rom vTqvaT `daakonserve, aRadgine sadac aucilebelia, ar ganaaxlo”?

sinamdvileSi ki isea, rom dResac `ganaxlebis~ saxeliT SemaSinebeli odenobis istoriuli qsovili nadgurdeba, iseve rogorc mravali `sarestavracio~ samuSaoebis dros. yvela saxis ganaxlebiTi samuSaos didi safrTxe mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mas win uZRvis sul cota, Zeglis zedapiris gulmodgine `gawmenda:~ baTqaSis sruli Camoxsna da ganaxleba; Zveli sakurTxev-lis yvela adrindeli fenebis Tavidan moSoreba im mizniT, rom Seiqmnas axali `mignebulis mixedviT~ an ufro Tavisufladac, avtoritetuli specialistebis `gemovnebis Tanaxmad;~ qa-ndakebebidan fenebis CamoTla da, Sesabamisad, xelovnebis nimuSis mxatvruli da istoriuli saxis ZiriTadi nawilis ganadgureba; gamofituli xis an qvis qandakebis TiTqmis mTliani gada-keTeba `gadaTlis~ gziT manam, sanam nivTi sabolood damaxinjdeba da misi cnobac ki SeuZle-beli gaxdeba. msgavsad amisa, saflavis qvis an qvis portalis qviSiT gadaxexva dauzianebel, `janmrTel~ fenamde igivea, rac Tavdapirveli zedapiris axliT Secvla. es is danakargebia, romelTa aRdgena SeuZlebelia da rac kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs, rom Seqcevadobis zogadi principi ZalaSi unda iyos ganaxlebis samuSaoebis Catarebisasac. am konteqstSi aseve unda aRiniSnos ganaxlebisas Seuferebeli masalis gamoyenebis safrTxe; dispersiuli saRebavebi, magaliTad, damangreveli zianis mizezi gamxdara baTqaSiT an stukoTi dafarul kedlebsa an qvis zedapirebze.

imisTvis, rom Tavidan aviciloT msgavsi dazianebebi, upirvelesi moTxovna _ saTanado meTodebiT damuSavebuli istoriuli masalebis gamoyeneba _ ganaxlebis samuSaoebmac unda daakmayofilos. aq gveZleva tradiciuli meTodebis moxmarebis, Seswavlis, gadmoRebis da tradiciuli masalis moSveliebis kargi SesaZlebloba. am dros vlindeba ganaxlebis kon-trasti konservaciisa da restavraciis rTul sferoebTan, romlebic, rogorc zemod iyo aRwerili, verafers gaxdebian restavraciis Tanamedrove teqnologiebis da axlad SemuSave-buli meTodebis gareSe. garda amisa, Tu ganaxlebis samuSaoebi tardeba ganmeorebiT drois mokle intervalebSi, gindac kargad nafiqri da teqnikurad koreqtuli RonisZiebebi, isini warmoadgens safrTxes Zeglis nivTieri qsovilisaTvis, radgan Tundac winaswari gasufTavebis samuSaoebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens Tavdapirvel qsovilze.

miuxedavad Cvens mier aRniSnuli udavo safrTxeebisa, ganaxlebis proeqti, romelic re-

- �� -

alurad iTvaliswinebs konservaciis principebs, SeiZleba ganxiluli iyos rogorc Zeglis SenarCunebis saSualeba. rac unda gavaxsenoT Cvens Tavs, rom ganaxlebis samuSaoebis Sedegad warmoSobili axali fena verasodes gaxdeba Zveli qsovilis tolfasi, misebr `xanovanebis Ri-rebulebis~ mqone, Zeglis SenarCunebis sferoSi arsebobs iseTi SemTxvevebi, sadac ganaxleba warmoadgens Zeglis istoriuli da mxatvruli ieris da mis qveS Tavdapirveli fenis konser-vaciis erTaderT gzas. amgvarad, ganaxlebis RonisZieba gamarTlebulia, Tu igi konservaciasa-viT qmedebebs mocavs da Tu dadgindeba, rom konservaciis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia. da mainc, iseve rogorc konservaciis da restavraciis SemTxvevaSi, aseTi ganaxleba unda gulisxmobdes, rom `emsaxureba originals,~ romelic ar unda daSavdes am samuSaoebis Sedegad da daculi unda iyos Semdgomi safrTxisagan.

imisTvis, rom SevinarCunoT Zegli, romelic serioziladaa gacveTili, gamofituli an dabinZurebuli, misi Semadgeneli komponentebi SesaZlebelia ganaxlebuli iyos. magaliTad, Ses-aZlebelia axali TeTri kiris safaris dadeba mis Zvel fenaze, rodesac igi Zalze daWuWyiane-bulia Tanamedrove gaTbobis sistemis gamo ise, rom SemdgomSi ar iyos gamoricxuli am Zveli TeTri kiris baTqSis dasufTaveba da konservacia. aseTi midgoma gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia nagebobis eqsterierebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac gacveTili da gamofituli Tavdapirveli baTqaSi da saRebavis fenebi SeiZleba mxolod zemodan dadebuli Sesabamisi damcveli safaris qveS iyos daculi. axali safari SeiZleba Sesrulebuli iyos rogorc istoriulis rekonstruqcia, rac dasabuTebuli iqneba kvleviTi samuSaoebiT. da bolos, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Zveli baTqaSi ise Zlier aris dazianebuli gamofitvis Sedegad an garemos daWuWyianebis mizeziT, rom misi SenarCuneba konservaciis meTodebiT SeuZlebeli xdeba da erTaderTi, rac SeiZleba gakeT-des, aris misi ganaxleba. amgvar viTarebaSi eqsterieris ferweruli dekori, romlis mxolod kvaliRaa SemorCenili, SeiZleba ganaxlebuli iyos - anu, gameorebuli – kvlevis Sedegebze dafuZnebiT SerCeuli saRevabis axali Sris saSualebiT. es aris erTaderTi gza, Semounaxo Sem-dgom Taobebs Zeglis esTetikuri garegnoba. rogorc es restavraciis SemTxvevaSi iyo, ra Tqma unda, mravali fenis momcveli sinjebis gamokvleviT, bevri sxvadasxva SesaZleboba SeiZleba gamoCndes. ra unda gaimeoron ganaxlebisas, aRorZinebis, barokos Tu neo-klasikuri periodis moxatuloba? Tu man unda gaimeoros XIX saukunis erTgvarovani oqrisferi fasadi? sasaxlis fasads exeba saqme Tu qalaqis istoriul raionSi mdebare ubralo qalaquri saxlis fasads, gadawyvetileba unda miRebul iqnas dacvis zogadi gegmis CarCoebSi, sinjebisa da Senobis isto-riis guldasmiTi analizis safuZvelze da garemo pirobebTan SeTanxmebiT.

maSin, rodesac istoriuli Senobis eqsterieris ganaxleba koordinirebuli unda iyos mis garemosTan, interieris ganaxlebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos SemorCenili elementebis Zveli, istoriuli zedapiri, gansakuTrebiT is dekoratiuli damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, romle-bic Tavisi siZveliT warmoadgens `xnovanebis Rirebulebas~; magaliTad, yuradReba unda mie-pyros interieris ganaxlebuli feradi zedapirebis cvalebad intensivobas. aseve mxedvelo-baSi miRebul unda iqnes ganaxlebis samuSaoebis dacviTi zemoqmedebac. amgvarad, ganaxleba, rogorc dacva efeqturi saSualebaa maSinac ki, rodesac igi faravs `xnovanebis Rirebulebas~ an romelime Sualedur mdgomareobas, romelic esTetikuri da istoriuli TvalsazrisiT im-saxurebs SenarCunebas. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT romanuli periodis koSkis axali mobaTqaSeba gamofituli qvebis dasacavad; miuxedavad imisa, rom pawawina naSTebis mignebiT SeiZleboda dasabuTebuliyo adre saukuneebSi aq mobaTqaSebis arsebobisa, axalma mobaTqaSe-bam Caanacvla, faqtiurad ki gaanadgura koSkis `mxatvruli~ da amasTanave `kanonieri~ versia misi daucveli qvis wyobiT, rogorc igi gamoiyureboda XIX saukunidan moyolebuli. qvis an xis safasado qandakebis ganaxleba kvlevis SedegebiTa Tu msgavsi SeRebili qandakebebis anal-ogiebiT mignebuli poliqromiis gamoyenebiT, aseve SeiZleba iTavsebdes garegnul esTetikur cvlilebasa da dacvis funqcias.

udavoa, rom ganaxleba gamoricxulia garkveuli kategoriis Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi, radgan maTTvis mxolod konservaciis da restavraciis samuSaoebia daSvebuli. ganaxleba uaryo-fili unda iyos rogorc kanonieri meTodi mravali `xelovnebis ZeglisaTvis~, kerZod ki, im obieqtebisaTvis, romelTac unda CautardeT mxolod konservacia an raime mizezTa gamo restavracia, magram dauSvebelia maTi ganaxleba. es exeba ferweras, qandakebas, xelovnebis an xelosnobis nimuSebs; magaliTad, eklesiis salaroSi dacul barZims Seelaxeba istoriuli Rirebuleba, Tu moxdeba misi mTliani xelaxali mooqroeba, xolo aseTi midgoma kvalifici-rebuli iqneba, rogorc ganaxleba. es agreTve exeba arqeologiur Zeglebs da fragmentebs, romelTac SeiZleba CautardeT konservacia, an Tu marTebuli da saWiro iqneba, restavracia; magram aseTi obieqtebis mTliani `ganaxleba~ gaanadgurebs maT damaxasiaTebel Tavisebure-bebs rogorc MmaCvenebel-mowmobebisas. ganaxlebis farTod gavrcelebuli meTodebi misaRebia

- �� -

Zeglis SenarCunebis praqtikaSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu teqnikurad SeuZlebelia Tavdapir-veli qsovilis konservacia da igi saWiroebs Secvlas, an Tu Zveli qsovili meti veRar gauZlebs garemos zegavlenas da gamoyenebas da dacvis mizniT zemodan unda daifaros. orive SemTxvevaSi ganaxlebis samuSaoebi unda iyos dasabuTebuli da ganmtkicebuli Zeglis SenarCunebaze ori-entirebuli winaswari kvleviTa da SenarCunebis gegmiT.

istoriuli Senobebis SemTxvevaSi ganaxlebis samuSaoebi SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos iseT adgilebSi, sadac adreuli periodebis mravalgzisi cvlilebebis Sedegad istoriuli qsovili TiTqmis aRar aris SemorCenili da erTaderTi, razec unda vizrunoT, aris axlis SeTavseba-doba Zeglis SemorCenil qsovilTan, an iq sadac istoriuli qsovilis SenarCunebaze zrunva sxva interesebs ver gadawonis.

rom SevajamoT Cveni mcdeloba gamovavlinoT gansxvaveba konservaciis, restavraciis da ganaxlebis samuSaoebs Soris, unda xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, rom erTad isini warmoadgens Zeglis SenarCunebis RonisZiebebis diferencirebul sistemas; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aris Zeglebi, romelTac sxvadsxva viTarebis gamo SeiZleba CautardeT mxolod konservacia da ara restavra-cia, an SeiZleba CautardeT konservacia da restavracia, magram ganaxleba sruliad miuRebe-lia. ufro metic, konservaciis, restavraciis da ganaxlebis RonisZiebebi erTierTkavSirSia, ase rom, ama Tu im viTarebis Sesabamisad, es samuSaoebi SeiZleba Catardes erTimeoris Semdeg, an erTdroulad. amis magaliTad gamodgeba interieris mobaTqaSebuli dekoratiuli naZerwobis mooqroeba. kargad Senaxuli komponentebisaTvis ubrali konservacia sruliad sakmarisia; mc-ire napralebi unda Seivsos, xolo zogi adgilebi `gaprialdes~ raTa met-naklebad Seesabam-ebodes konservirebuli elementebis mTlian esTetikur saxes, rac ukve restavraciaa; oTaxis erT mxares arsebuli mooqroveba, romelic serioziladaa dazianebuli CamoJonili wylis moqmedebiT, unda ganaxldes tradiciuli oqros mokilitebis teqnikiT, rac TavisTavad ukve ganaxlebaa. sxva SemTxvevaSi ganaxleba SeiZleba miCneul iqnes konservaciis RonisZiebadac ki garkveul zomaze mainc: magaliTad, kvleviTi analizis safuZvelze erTi an meti istoriuli feradovani Sris xelaxali nawilobrivi warmoCena, baTqaSis qveda badis konsolodacia (anu, konservacia) da erTerTi Sualeduri fenis sruli ganaxleba. axali mobaTqaSebis qveS yvela istoriuli fena bevrad ufro kargadaa daculi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme fasads exeba), vidre maSin, rodesac xdeba maTi sruli xelaxali warmoCena, romelic yovelTvis da-kavSirebulia danakargebTan, rasac Semdeg mosdevs Tavdapirveli qsovilis konservacia da restavracia da, Sesabamisad, maTi gamoqarvis safrTxeSi Cagdeba.

Semadgeneli nawilebis Secvla da Sevseba

konservaciis, restavraciis da ganaxlebis RonisZiebebi gansxvavebul mimarTebaSia na-kluli adgilebis Sevsebis da maTi Secvlis sakiTxebTan: iq, sadac tardeba arsebuli is-toriuli qsovilis mxolod konservacia, Secvlis xerxis gamoyeneba saWiro ar aris; meore mxriv, restavracia gulisxmobs dazianebebis Sevsebas da garkveul doneze, Secvlasac ki, rac, garkveul garemoebebSi, saWiro xdeba aseve ganaxlebis samuSaoebis dros. veneciis qartiis paragraf ��-Si ganxilulia elementebis Secvlis an gamocvlis meTodi `restavraciis~ konte-qstSi da naTqvamia, rom dakargulis Canacvlebuli nawilebi harmoniulad unda iyos integri-rebuli mTlianobaSi, magram amave dros, unda gamoirCeodes originalisgan, radgan restavra-ciam ar unda daayalbos mxatvruli da istoriuli mowmobani.

am konteqstSi, upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi Zegli warmoadgens is-toriul dokuments sworedac im fragmentul mdgomareobaSi, rogorc maT Cvenamde moaRwies. saflavis qvis fragmenti, figuris torsi, kedlis mxatvrobis narCenebi, qalaqis kedlis an cixe-simagris nangrevebi _ es is istoriuli memkvidreobaa, romelic eqvemdebareba mxolod konservacias, an, Tu aucilebelia, Zalze SezRudul restavracias; axliT Secvla mxolod gaayalbebs da Selaxavs maT `Zeglobas~. es aseve Zalze mniSvnelovania mcire an Tundac minim-aluri cvlilebebis Setanisas, romlis aucilebloba, umetes SemTxvevaSi, arc arsebobs. xSir-ad aseTi cvlilebebis mizezi xdeba gazviadebuli swrafva srulyofilebisaken, rac umizezod anadgurebs Zeglis `xanovanebis Rirebulebas.~ magaliTad gamodgeboda naTali qvis fasadis yvela mcire dazianebis arasawiro `mowesrigeba~ xelovnuri qvis masalis gamoyenebiT maSin, rodesac saxifaTo pirapiris an naxvretis amovseba marTlac saSuri iqneboda, raTa SemdgomSi Tavidan agvecilebina Tavdapirveli masalis mniSvnelovani Secvla. aucilebelia sifrTxilis gamoCena rogorc didi, ise mcire maStabis Canacvlebis mimarT.

- �� -

meore mxriv, istoriuli nagebobebi, gansakuTrebiT ki eqspluataciaSi myofi Senobebi saWiroebs SekeTebis samuSaoebs, rac garkveul Canacvlebasac gulisxmobs. es gansakuTrebiT exeba Zeglebis did raodenobas, romlebic sacxovrebeli mizniT gamoiyeneba an warmoadgens sazogadoebriv Senobebs. TaRebiani Sida ezos mali, romelic Camoingra konstruqciuli da-zianebis Sedegad, unda Seicvalos; xandaxan saWiro xdeba Senobis dazianebuli mopirkeTebis Secvla Tundac higienis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. xidebis damcvelis, wm. nepomukis qandakebis dakarguli Tavi unda aRdgenil iqnas, Tu qandakebas garkveuli funqcia ekisreba. zogadad ki, Canacvlebisadmi erTgvarad TavSekavebuli damokidebuleba unda viqonioT, raTa istoriuli qsovili yovelTvis `dominirebdes~ da ise `atarebdes~ axlad damatebul qsovils, rom Zvelis nacvlad, axals ar daemsgavsos. ufro metic, Canacvlebis sakiTxisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvn-eloba aqvs Zeglis individualur da mxatvrul maxasiaTeblebs; garkveul viTarebaSi isini gvikrZalavs yvela saxis Canacvlebas garda msubuqi daStrixvisa, ris gareSec Zeglis mTliani ieri Seilaxeba. meore mxriv, xandaxan Tavdapirveli mxatvruli gegma mioTxovs dakarguli elementebis aRdgenas, magaliTad, napralis Sevsebas stukoTi mopirkeTebul Werze, an Tavda-pirveli gegmarebis Tanaxmad, savaWroebis damatebiT damaxinjebuli neo-renesansis stilis fasadis pirveli sarTulis Riobebis gauqmebas da sxv.

principSi, Zegli, romelsac emCneva sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqis gavlena, naklebad saWiroebs Canacvlebas, vidre “Gesamtkunstwerk,” romelic Seqmnili iyo erTaderTi logikuri gegmis mixedviT da romelsac ar ganucdia garegnuli cvlileba, ris gamoc yoveli bzari is-eve damangrevelia, rogorc napralebi moxatulobaze. da bolos, danakargis Sevseba maSinve, rogorc ki is aRmoCndeba ufro metad mosandomia, vidre aTwleulebisa Tu saukuneebis win dakarguli detalebis aRdgenis saeWvo praqtika.

Canacvlebis sasargeblo da sawinaaRmdego argumentebi ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva mxat-vruli, istoriuli da funqciuri faqtorebiT. maTSi garkveva SesaZlebelia mxolod konkre-tuli ZeglisaTvis SemuSavebuli restavraciis koncefciis mTlianobaSi maTi seriozuli ganx-ilvis Semdeg. Canacvlebis `rogor~ meryeobs msubuqi daStrixvidan restavraciis proeqtSi, nawilobriv kopirebamde, an nawilobriv rekonstruqciamde, rac Tanabrad mosafiqrebelia da warmoSobs kiTxvas. axali unda iyos Zvelis imitacia, Tu unda Candes misi Tavisebureba da Tavdapirvel qsovilTan met-nakleb kontrasts qmnides. am konteqstSi warmoiSveba kiTxva is-toriuli Tu Tanamedrove masalebis da teqnologiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze.

aq isev unda mivmarToT veneciis qartiis paragrafi ��-s, romlis mixedviT Canacvle-ba harmoniulad unda iyos Serwymuli mTlianobasTan, magram amave dros unda gamoirCeodes originalisagan, rac imasac gulisxmobs, rom Canacvleba jerac ar gamxdara originalis gay-albeba. es, magaliTad, exeba sxvadasxva saxis dafervas, rasac restavracia moiTxovs. imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania dazianeba obieqtis mTliani garegnuli ierisaTvis, danaklisis Sevseba SeiZleba pigmentirebuli an neitraluri `tonirebac~ iyos da `gamosaxvac~, romelic momdinareobs arsebuli kompoziciidan, magram mxolod detaluri (an axlodan) daT-valierebisas Cans, rom es Canacvlebaa. meore mxriv, ganaxlebuli adgili Zalian kontrastuli ar unda iyos, rom ar Selaxos xelovnebis nimuSis saerTo ieri. rodesac saqme exeba skulptu-rul jgufs, romelic isea dazianebuli, rom Zneli gasagebi xdeba, Tu ra aris misi saTqmeli, midgoma gansxvavebuli unda iyos: Segnebulad ar iqneba SekeTebuli mcire dazianebebi, magram is nawilebi, romlebic aucilebelia Zeglis ideis gagebisaTvis ganaxlebuli iqneba Seqceva-dobis principis Tanaxmad. msgavsad amisa, Zlier dazianebuli saflavis qvis an gzispira sam-locvelos jer kidev SesamCnevi ornamentuli an figuruli elementebi ar unda iyos ganaxle-buli fragmenturad, aramed ufro sasurvelia Seivsos misi gare moCarCoeba da ganaxldes (Zvelis Tanaxmad) karnizi da gamoweuli saxuravi, rac mniSvnelovania Zeglis dacvisaTvis qaris zemoqmedebisagan. arqiteqturuli nawilebis Canacvlebisas, risi mizezi SeiZleba iyos ubralo konservaciis saWiroeba (iseTi, rogorc axali saburavi), an konstruqciuli aucile-bloba (bzaris Sevseba), aseve unda vixmaroT neitraluri xerxebi, rac gamoixateba iseTi ma-salis gamoyenebaSi, romelic gamoirCeva istoriuli qsovilisagan (mag., aguris gansxvavebuli forma, an qvis gansxvavebuli wyoba). amgvarad, arqiteqturuli fragmentis xasiaTi ar aris gayalbebuli `imitaciiT~, romelic qmnis Zeglis daculobis mdgomareobis yalb STabeWdile-bas moduri `kontrastiT~.

Sevseba-dasrulebis samuSaoebisas, rac Cveulebrivi SekeTebis samuSaoebis nawilia, avTen-turi masalis swori da tradiciuli gamoyenebis principi dasaSvebia im donemde, sanam es See-sabameba konservaciis miznebs. viTareba gansxvavebulia, Tu funqciuri miznebi moiTxovs axal elementebs, mag., gegmarebaSi axali mowyobilobebis CarTvisas (Tanamedrove formebi da masa-lebi aRmoCndeba Zvelis gverdiT), an istoriuli nagebobis kompleqsze miSeneba, raTa gafar-

- �� -

Tovdes misi fuqciebi. vTqvaT, eklesias esaWiroeba mgalobelaTa axali merxebi, an sadiakvnos damatebiTi saTavso sWirdeba _ aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis veneciis qartiis paragrafi �� iZleva specialur miTiTebas viyoT gansakuTrebiT frTxili da pativi vceT jer kidev SemorCenil qsovils: damatebebi dauSvebelia manam, sanam maT gareSe ziani adgeba nagebobis sagulisxmo nawilebs, mis tradiciul garemocvas da balans mis kompoziciasa da garemos Soris.

ufro metic, Canacvlebis `rogor~ upiratesad damokidebulia formasa da mdgomareobaze im nawilisa, romelic unda Sevsebul iqnas, aseve rogorc winandeli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Cven codnaze. Tu Casanacvlebelia Zlier dazianebuli elementi, romelsac veRar SeakeTeb, Tu gawyvetili profili SekeTdeba, Tu Seivseba volutebiani frontoni, romlis mxolod nax-evaria SemorCenili, an Tu Werze dakargulia stukos simetriuli mopirkeTebis nawili da mis magivrad axali gakeTdeba _ maSin Canacvleba, romelic imeorebs originals, dasaSvebia da rig SemTxvevebSi aucilebelic ki. Sesacvleli nawilis garegnuli saxe SeiZleba aRdgenil iqnas im zusti grafikuli da foto masalis mixedviT, romelic asaxavs mis wina mdgomareobas. magram, Tu dawvrilebiT araferi viciT am elementze, romelic SesaZloa ukve didi xania dakargulia, an saerTod ar unda vcadoT misi Canacvleba, an, rogorc es msubuqi daStrixis SemTxvevaSi iyo, originali unda Seicvalos `neitralurad,~ im meTodiT, romelic zemoT iyo ganxiluli. figuruli dekoris SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa frontonis dakarguli gamosaxulebebi, maSinac ki, rodesac cnobilia, ra iyo adre gamosaxuli, iq, iqneb, Tavi Tanamedrove qandakebam unda scados, ra Tqma unda, dakarguli nawarmoebis garemomcveli konteqstis gaTvalisiwnebiT.

da bolos, arsebobs Zeglebis kategoria, kerZod ki jerac eqspluataciaSi myofi garkveu-li samrewvelo Zeglebi, romelTa nawilebi mudmivad unda icvlebodes, maTi Tavdapirveli formiT da Tavdapirveli masaliT. mudmivi Canacvlebis gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic SeiZleba gaviazroT mudmiv SekeTebad, gaxlavT kaTedralebis qvismWrelTa saxelosnoebis ka-latozebis mier qvebis Secvla. es gulisxmobs dazianebuli elementebis Secvlas dawyebuli Camocvenili naTali qvidan mxatvrulad gaformebul nawilebamde; es samuSaoebi saukuneebis manzilze arsebuli nivTieri qsovilis formasa, masalasa da xelobaze iyo mimarTuli. bolo dros zogierT aseT Zeglze amgvari samuSaoebi naklebi gamowvlilviT Tu Segnebulad `tlan-qad~ Seasrules; mxolod CaJinebuli daTvalierebisas Tu SeiZleba es ram `Tanamedroved~ aRviqvaT..

miuxedavad imisa, rom am gauTavebelma cvlam SeiZleba migviyvanos Zeglis Tavdapirveli qvis masalis srul ganaxlebamde, rogorc qvismWrelTa tradicia, romelic uwyvetad grZel-deba saukuneebis manZilze, esec unda miviCnioT aucilebel mudmiv procesad, romelic Zevs arsebulis movlasa da SekeTebas Soris. procedura ufro waagavs Zeglis yoveldRiur dacviT an sarestavracio samuSaoebs, vidre ganaxlebas, radgan nagebobis zedapiri erTianad arasodes aris gadakeTebuli, TviT misi mozrdili monakveTebic ki. aseTi nawilobrivi cvlilebebi moiTxovs ara marto tradiciuli ostatobis flobas, aramed, Tu es SesaZlebelia, gamoy-enebul unda iqnas masala, mopovebuli Tavdapirveli qvis samtexlodan. Tu es SeuZlebelia imitom, rom an Zveli qva aRar moipoveba, an garemo ar aris mdgradi daWuWyianebs mimarT (da amitom saWiro gaxdeba misi metisetad male ganaxleba), maSin mogviwevs vixmaroT msgavsi Tvise-bebis mqone Sesabamisi qva.

iseTi Canacvlebisasac ki, rodesac ostatobas verafers dauwuneb, mxolod aucilebliT SemozRudvis principis Tanaxmad, mxolod sul Selaxuli qvebi Ra unda iyos Secvlili im dros, roca uwyinari mcire dazianebebis ganaxleba arafriT iqneba gamarTlebuli. am konte-qstSive unda ganvixiloT qvis wyobis Seswavlac; es saqmianobaa, rac xSirad didi gulisyuriT da dakvirvebiT ar sruldeba kaTedralebis qvismWrelTa mier, radgan Canacvleba maTTvis aris Cveulebrivi tradiciuli samuSao. aseTi Semowmebebis mizani unda iyos konservacia in situ (Tavis adgilze), kerZod mdidrulad morTuli komponentebisa, rogoricaa profilebi, vitraJebis alaTebi, pinaklebi, skulpturuli elementebi Tavisi individualuri mxatvruli xelweriT, an nagebobis konstruqciuli istoriisaTvis sakvanZo mniSvnelobis mqone nawilebi. amgvarad, qvis wyoba SenarCunebuli unda iqnas raime gadakeTebis gareSe, rac anadgurebs ara marto kedlis zedapirs, aramed qvismWrelTa SemorCenil simboloebs da droTa msvlelobiT miyenebuli mcire dazianebebis saukunovan kvals. qvebis dacvis saTanado gegma unda SemuSave-bul iqnas konservaciaze orientirebul winaswari kvlevebis safuZvelze.

- �7 -

aslebiT Canacvleba

zog SemTxvevebSi, kvlevis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom eqsterieris figuruli el-ementebi ukve imdenad dazianebulia, rom maTi gadarCenis erTaderTi gza aris qvismTle-lis mier maTi aslis gakeTeba, xolo originali unda gadatanil iqnas interierSi an raime usafrTxo adgilas. restavraciis koncefciis konteqstSi aslebis SesaZleblobis Taobaze (veneciis qartia am sakiTxs detalurad ar ganixilavs) aTenis qartiaSi ukve gakeTda kritiku-li SeniSvnebi, Tumca is bolomde ar gamoiricxa monumenturi qandakebis dazianebis garkveuli mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi: rac Seexeba monumenturi qandakebis SenarCunebas, konferenciis azriT, xelovnebis nimuSebis moSorebas im garemodan, romelsac isini ganekuTvnebian, prin-cipulad ar unda Seewyos xeli. igi iZleva rekomendacias, meti sifrTxilisaTvis, naqandakevi originali iq iqnas daculi, sadac jerc imyofeba, an, Tu es SeuZlebeli aRmoCndeba, gakeTdes Camonasxami.

replikacia _ e.i. arsebuli originalidan, an sxva aslidan aslis gakeTebas xelovnebis istoriaSi xangrZlivi tradicia gaaCnia. amisi naTeli magaliTia piligrimebis mier mxatvro-bisa da qandakebis nawarmoebebis uTvalavi mcire zomis aslebiT gamravleba. magram replika-cia ZeglTadacviT RonisZiebad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba, Tuki asli Sesrulebulia im mizniT, rom daicvas arsebuli originali: kopireba, rogorc Zeglis dacvis saSualeba. yovelT-vis unda gvaxsovdes originalis unikaluroba, radgan ara aqva mniSvneloba, ramdenad zustia forma, masala an masStabi, replika yovelTvis aris axali obieqti da mxolod mimsgavsebulia originals, misi Seucvleli istoriuli da mxatvruli ganzomilebiT.

originalis Casanacvlebad aslis gakeTeba, ris Sesaxeb zemoT fasadis qandakebis konte-qstSi iTqva, saSualebas gvaZlevs davicvaT xelovnebis namuSevari, romelic ukve aRar SeiZle-ba datovebul iqnas Tavis Tavdapirvel adgilze ise, rom ar davarRvioT sazrisi im saerTo saxviTi programisa, romlis nawilicaa igi. cnobil magaliTebs Soris aris strasburgis sakaT-edro taZris qandakebebi, romlebis ganasaxovnebs eklesias da sinagogas. garkveul donemde aseTi asli SeiZleba miCneul iyos nawilobriv Sevsebad, romelic mTlianobis aRdgenas emsax-ureba. es xerxi aseve gamosadegia parkebis qandakebebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac yoveli calkeuli figura, sadac ki is mdebareobs, warmoadgens mTliani mxatvruli koncepciis arsebriv ele-ments; Tu maTi Tavdapirvel adgilas datovebiT gagrZeldeba maTze garemos uaryofiTi zemo-qmedeba, aseTi qmedeba gamarTlebuli ar iqneba da aseT SemTxvevebSi umjobesia maTi aslebiT Secvla, xolo originalebi SeiZleba daculi iyos muzeumisebr garemoSi. calkeul SemTxveveb-Si azriania kombinirebuli xerxebis gamoyeneba: Zeglis safrTxeSi myofi elementebis aslis gakeTeba, an Sevseba da konservacia originalebisa, romelnic imdenad dazianebulia, an iseTi cvlilebebi ganicades adreuli restavraciebis Sedegad, rom maTi dazianebis Seuqcevadoba uazros xdis maT muzeumSi gamofenas. daSavebuli Zeglebis simravlis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tun-dac mxolod qvis qandakebebisa, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi midgomis gamoyenebis are mainc Zalze viwroa: kidevac Tu arsebobs Senaxvis saTanado pirobebi, originalebs mainc unda CautardeT konservacia, raTa ar gagrZeldes maTi Semdgomi dazianeba _ aspeqti, rac xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba. da romelma muzeumma an sacavma unda Caibaros sakaTedro taZridan Camoxsnili vitraJi, romelic asliT aris Secvlili? ramdenime gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevis garda, aseTi fanjrebi unda darCes da aRdeges TavianT Tavdapirvel adgilSi da daculi iyos Sesaferisi damcveli SuSiT.

qvis matianeebi, rac mravali kulturuli landSaftis damaxasiaTebeli niSania _ gzispira samlocveloebi, jvrebi, sagzao niSnebi, qvis Robeebi da sxv. _ unda daculi iyos in situ im-den xans, ramden xansac SesaZlebelia qvis konservaciis meTodebis gamoyenebiT, maSinac ki, rodesac naTelia, rom aseTi teqnologiebi araadekvaturia; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi restavra-torebis valdebulebaa maTi SekeTeba. msgavs ZeglebTan mimarTebaSi, mxolod maTi sruli ga-nadgurebis safrTxe gaamarTlebs originalis asliT Canacvlebas.

Semdegi sakiTxia, Tu ra donemde unda imeorebdes asli originals masalis da teqnologi-is TvalsazrisiT: yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi seriozuli dafiqreba gvmarTebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra iqneba saukeTeso gadawyveta _ xeliT nakeTi Tu skulpturuli aslis gakeTeba dednis masaliT, Tu Camosxmis Tanamedrove teqniligiebidan erTerTis gamoyeneba; ra Tqma unda, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi winapiroba unda iyos, rom originali ar daziandeba.

garda zemoxsenebuli magaliTebisa, Zeglis dacul adgilas gadataniT gadarCenis saSu-alebebi Zalze SezRudulia, radgan istoriul nagebobas ver gadavaadgilebT da verc misi asliT SevcvliT. da mainc, arsebobs asliT Secvlis gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi, rac emsax-ureba Tanamedrove masobrivi turizmiT Seqmnili safrTxisagan mniSvnelovani Zeglebis gadarCe-

- �� -

nas. laskos gamoqvabulebis moxatulobebs, romlebic ar Secvlila aTaswleulebis manZilze, daemuqra mnaxvelebisgan gamowveuli klimaturi aramdgradobis saSiSroeba. gamoqvabulis dax-urvam da iqve zedmiwevniT zusti aslis agebam, romelsac aseve didi raodenobis turistebi stumroben, gadaarCina originaluri moxatuloba. meore warmatebuli magaliTia bulgareTSi kasanlikis cnobili Trakiuli samarxis ”turistuli asli.~ aseTi midgoma SeiZleba gamoviy-enoT rogorc modeli iseTi ZeglebisaTvis, romlebic masobrivi turizmisagan ziandeba.

III. movlis, SekeTebis da stabilizaciis, reabilitaciis da modernizaciis, rekonstruqciisa da gadaadgilebis principebi

Tuki warsulSi konservacia da restavracia utardebodaT ZiriTadad xelovnebis nimuSebs da xelovnebisa da istoriis Zeglebs, e.i. isini ̀ klasikuri~ konservacia-dacvis sferoSi gamoi-yeneboda, sxvadasxva saxis movla, SekeTeba da gamagreba, rekonstruqcia da xelaxali aSeneba mas Semdeg xdeba, rac arsebobs arqiteqtura. amitom, rogorc Cveuli samSeneblo meTodebi isini ara marto Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis konservacia-restavraciisaTvisaa saintereso. am konteqstSi gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs movlisa da SekeTebis praqtika da konservaciis mraval principsac SeiZleba `SekeTeba~ daerqvas, Tumca termini `SekeTeba~ pirdapir ar aris naxsenebi veneciis qartiaSi. amis nacvlad, paragraf �-Si `konservaciis~ saTauris qveS, romelic exeba Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis movlas, pirvel rigSi naTqvamia: Zeglebis konservaciisas arsebiTia maTi movlis mudmivoba.

movla

mTeli kulturuli landSaftebi iRupeba imitom, rom Senobebs movla akliaT. es gan-sakuTrebiT zians ayenebs saukunovani tradiciis mqone miwis arqiteqturas, romlis arse-boba mTlianad mudmiv movlazea damokidebuli, da aseve mitovebuli soflebisa da qalaqebis qvis nagebobebs. sxvadasxva mizeziT gamowveuli movlis nakleboba warmoadgens problemas, romelic zogjer imdeni xania uyuradRebod mitovebuli, rom Semdeg saWiro xdeba sakmaod Zviri SekeTebis Catareba. aseT viTarebaSi Cndeba kiTxva, aris Tu ara dazianeba ise Sors wa-suli, rom SekeTeba ukve SeuZlebelia; unda vaRiaroT Tu ara Zeglis sruli ganadgureba, Tu erTaderTi alternativa radikaluri ganaxleba da reabilitaciaa. SemdgomSi Zeglis SekeTebis zogadi cnebiT Cven vigulisxmebT konservaciis, stabilizacia-gamagrebis, restavraciisa da ganaxlebis da dakarguli elementis Canacvlebis RonisZiebebs, maSin rodesac movla aRniSnavs limitirebul, uwyvet SenarCunebis samuSaoebs.

Cveulebrivi Senobebis movlisagan gansxvavebiT, istoriuli nagbobebis movlisas yovelT-vis unda viTvaliswinebdeT rogorc nivTieri qsovilis, aseve konstruqciis `Zeglobasac~. am pirobebSi movla iqneba Zeglis SenarCunebis yvelaze martivi da faqizi xerxi, radgan igi daicavs mas SesaZlo dazianebebisagan, gansakuTrebiT ki gamofitvisagan da, amgvarad, Zegls saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi uvneblad SegvinarCunebs.

istoriuli nagebobebis movla gulisxmobs iseT RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa Rarebis gas-ufTaveba, Camovardnili kramitis damagreba, samuSaoebi, rac patrons TviTon SeuZlia gaake-Tos da rac Tavidan agvacilebs Zeglis Zlier dazianebas. naTelia, rom aseTi movla orien-tirebuli unda iyos arsebul masalaze da xelosnobis im saxeobebze, romelTa moSveliebiTa-caa agebuli istoriuli Senoba. movlis iseTi RonisZiebebisTvis, rogoricaa istoriuli Seno-bis komponentebis an fasadebis mobaTqaSebis an SeRebvis SekeTeba, aucilebelia profesiuli rCevisaTvis mivmarToT ZeglTa dacvis saagentos. swori movla metad Sedegiania, rodesac is-toriuli nageboba saTanadod aris gamoyenebuli (kerZod, sacxovrebelad). movlis samuSaoebi, romelic utardeba calkeul istoriul Senobebs, SeiZleba waadges qalaqsac, romelic Tavis xnovanebaze uars ar ambobs da mainc Zalian cocxalia, Zveli qalaqic, romelic arc zedmetad `gapranWulia~ da arc dangrevis pirasaa, rac, TavisTavad, SeiZleba Zalian cxovelxatuli iyos, magram uaRresad saxifaToa istoriuli qsovilisaTvis.

garda mudmiv gamoyenebaSi myofi nagebobebisa, zogierTi kategoriis Zeglebi _ mijnis

- �� -

qvebi iqneba es Tu cixe-darbazebis nangrevebi _ mxolod xangamoSvebiT moiTxovs movlis sa-muSaoebs, magram aseTi samuSaoebi kvlav da kvlav unda tardebodes; amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT istoriuli qsovilisaTvis didi zianis momtani kedelSi gamozrdili mcenaree-bis moSoreba. kidev sxva iseTi tipi Zeglebisa, romlebic mudmiv intendiur mzunvelobas moiTxovs, rogoricaa istoriuli parkebi, Tavisi bilikebiT da mcenareebiT (florenciis qa-rtiis `movla da konservaciis~ paragrafi). zogierTi samrewvelo daniSnulebis Zeglebi _ magaliTad, Zveli matareblebi, orTqmavlebi an kaSxlebi _ romlebic teqnikurad moZvelebu-lia da met-naklebad samuzeumo eqsponatebi gaxda, aseve moiTxovs intensiur `momsaxurebas,~ TiTqos jer kidev gamoiyenebodes. meore mxriv, miwisqveSa arqeologiuri Zeglebi saukunee-bisa da aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi raome movlis gareSe SeiZleboda SenarCunebuliyo, Tuki maT adamianis xelisagan mudmivi safrTxe ar daeqmuqrebodaT.

istoriuli nagebobebis dekoratiuli elementebi movlis gansakuTrebul problemebs warmoSobs. arsebobs SesaZlo dazianebebis farTo speqtri, rac xSirad gamowveulia uyur-adRebobiT, interieris sivrceSi araswori klimaturi pirobebiT, eklesiebSi yvavilebisa da sanTlebis Seusabamo mopyrobiT, TiTqosda ZeglisaTvis mosavlelad misi dalagebiT da mt-vris gadawmendiTac ki. xelovnebis faqizi nimuSebisaTvis TiTqosda uwyinari gasufTavebac ki didi safrTxis momtania; aseT SemTxvevebSi movla unda daekisros mxolod Sesabamis speciali-stebs.

am konteqstSi unda vaxsenoT tendenciis damsaxavi modeli, romelic aqamde naklebad iyo gamoyenebuli: movlis Taobaze kontraqti ideba restavratorebTan gansakuTrebiT dazianebul (magaliTad klimaturi mizezebis gamo) mniSvnelovan dekoratiul elementebTan dakavSirebiT. amnairad adreve iqneba dadgenili saSiSroeba, rac xelovnebis nawarmoebs emuqreba; mcire da-zianebebi SeiZleba SekeTebul iqnes restavratorebis mier yovelwliurad, didi danaxarjebis gareSe. xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi mcire sakonservacio samuSaoebis warmoeba Tavidan agvacilebs seriozuli restavraciis Catarebis aucileblobas. es, ra Tqma unda, movlis ide-aluri SemTxvevaa, magram faqtiurad igi arafriT gansxvavdeba im movlisagan, rasac iCens avtomobilis mflobeli Tavisi manqanis mimarT. da mainc, avtomobili yoveldRiuri gamoy-enebis sagania, rac SeiZleba axliT SevcvaloT maSin, rodesac Cveni istoriuli nagebobebis unikaluri gamarTuloba Seucvlelia: elodo, rodis dadgeba Semdegi seriozuli restavra-ciis Catarebis dro, xSirad niSnavs gamousworebeli ziani miayeno Zegls. sxvadsxva modifi-kaciebiT es modeli SeiZleba miesadagos movlis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas sazogadod istoriuli Zeglebis SenarCunebis gamo; SesaZlebeli unda iyos, rom sxvadasxva sferoebSi daxelovnebulma restavratorebma da xelosnebma mouaron garkveul istoriul nagebobebs, ra Tqma unda, sax-elmwifo sakonservacio samsaxurebTan SeTanxmebiT.

Tu ramdenad seriozulad unda miviCnoT movlis Sedegebi, Cans ganzrax ugulevelyofis SesaZleblobidan, ris Sedegadac Zeglis asaRebad saWiro pirobebi Segnebuladaa Seqmnili. da bolos, garkveuli dacviTi RonisZiebebi katastrofebis da ubeduri SemTxvevebis winaaRm-deg (rogoricaa xanZris sawinaaRmdego sistemebi, Zarcvisgan Tavis dacva da sxv.) aseve unda CaiTvalos mudmivi movlis nawilad, rac uzrunvelyofs Zeglis SenarCunebas. aseTi movlis dagegvma, amasTan, unda iTvaliswinebdes Sesabamis, Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebul winas-war gamokvlevebs.

SekeTeba da gamagreba

miuxedavad imisa, rom sazRvrebi movlasa da SekeTebas Soris Zalze aramdgradia, zoga-dad, Zeglis SekeTeba unda ganisazRvros, rogorc samuSao, romelic tardeba SedarebiT didi intervalebiT da xSirad ujero movliTaa gamowveuli. Zeglis calkeuli komponentebi Sesa-Zloa SekeTebul iyos, damatebuli an Canacvlebuli. Cven mudmiv SekeTebazec ki SeiZleba vilaparakoT, rodesac mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs zogierTi Zeglis qvebis Cveuli Secvla, risi mag-aliTic Sua saukuneebis sakaTedro taZrebis qvismWrelTa saxelosnoebis muSaobaa.

SekeTebis pirveli principi unda iyos: yvela samuSao unda eyrdnobodes guldasmiT anal-izs da mxolod namdvilad aucilebeliT unda iyos Semofargluli! Secdomaa vifiqroT, rom dRevandel dRes arasaWiro samuSaoebis maRali fasi garantiaa imisa, rom mxolod sasargeblo samuSaoebi Catardeba. garda gazrdili fasisa, sxvadasxva faqtorebs _ rogoricaa sxva fun-qciiT gamoyeneba, gamoyenebis standartebis gazrda, araadekvaturi winaswari gamokvlevebi, araswori dagegmareba, Seusabamo teqnologiebi, samuSaos dabal doneze Sesruleba, an xandaxan Zeglis `SenarCunebis~ araswori, perfeqcionistuli gegma _ mivyevarT arasaWiro radikalur

- �0 -

ganaxlebamde, ris Sedegad istoriuli qsovildan faqtiurad aRarferi rCeba. garda aucilebeliT SemozRudvis principisa, TiTqosda aSkara, magram mainc Zalze mniS-

vnelovani principia, rom SekeTeba yovelTvis ufro prioritetulia, vidre ganaxleba (e.i. Semadgeneli nawilebis Secvla): ramdenadac SesaZlebelia SevakeToT, nu ganvaaxlebT! sazoga-dod, SekeTeba gulisxmobs masalis an nagebobis komponentebis Zalze frTxil da lokalize-bul gadaadgilebas.

xelovnebis restavraciis sferoSi am principis paralelebis CamoTvlis gareSe, aucile-belia naTlad ganvumartoT maT, vinc gegmavs samuSaoebs, da gansakuTrebiT ki xelosnebs, vinc am samuSaoebs asrulebs, Tu raSi mdgomareobs aucilebeliT SemozRudvis principi da rom upirvelesi mizania Zeglis SekeTeba da ara ganaxleba. dRevandel dRes xelosnebi amis nacvlad axali kedlis aSenebas Zveli kedlis xelaxal mobaTqaSebas, gadaxurvis axali kon-struqciebis gamoCarxvas, saxuravze kramitis xelaxal dalagebas, axali iatakebis dagebas, axali fanjrebis da karebis gakeTebas da sxv. arian SeCveuli. is faqti, rom Zeglis SenarCu-nebis principebi moiTxovs SemozRudvas mxolod absoluturad aucilebeli RonisZiebebiT, da, amgvarad, SekeTebis samuSaoebiT, rac Seesabameba dazianebis realur masStabebs _ sxva si-tyvebiT rom vTqvT, arsebuli kedlis gamagrebas da SekeTebas, Zveli mobaTqaSebis napralebis Sevsebas, saxuravis damagrebas, im fanjrebis da karebis SekeTebas, romlebic cudad ixureba _ xSirad moiTxovs radikalur xelaxal gaazrebas ara marto samuSaoebis damgegmavebis da Sem-sruleblebis mxridan, aramed Zeglis mflobelebis mxridanac. Cveni Tanamedrove, erTjeradi gamoyenebis sazogadoebaSi masalis SekeTebis an misi gamozogvis unari (rac wina saukuneebSi ekonomiis mosazrebebiT salaparakoc ar yofila) an jerovnad ar fasdeba, an sruliad dakar-gulia. Cven saamwyobo konveieriT vawarmoebT ara mxolod samomxmareblo saqonels, aramed mTel Senobebs, romlebic amortizaciis Semdeg faqtiurad xdeba `naxmari~, erTjeradi gamoy-enebis nagebobebi. dRes yvelas kargad esmis, rom soflis Zveli WurWlis karada SekeTebis Semdeg mSvenivrad asrulebs Tavis daniSnulebas da, amave dros, warmoadgens Zvirfas ganu-meorebel nivTs (romelic Zvirad gaiyideba xelovnebis nawarmoebTa bazarze), maSin rodesac axali karada, gakeTebuli Zvelis imitaciiT, SedarebiT naklebi eRireba. is, rom materialur Rirebulebisagan sruliad damoukideblad, pativi unda mivagoT ganumeoreblobas, rogorc istoriis mowmobas, rac gvaiZulebs SevakeToT da ara SevcvaloT istoriuli kibeebi da rkinis moajirebi, SevavsoT baTqaSis napralebi da ara mTlianad SevcvaloT mobaTqaSeba. samwuxarod, yvelasTvis es rodia naTeli.

rogorc Zeglis movla icavs tradiciuli teqnologiiT damuSavebul Tavdapirvel ma-salas, aseve Zeglis SekeTeba unda Catardes Sesabamisi masalebiT da teqnologiebiT, Tu ki aucilebeli ar aris Zeglis SenarCunebis mizniT iyos gamoyenebuli Tanamedrove sakonserva-cio teqnologia. es niSnavs: SekeTebisas gamoviyenoT tradiciul masalebi da teqnologiebi! kari, fanjris CarCo, gadaxurvis struqtura ukeTesad iqneba SekeTebuli Tu Sesabamis xis masalas gamoviyenebT; Zveli mobaTqaSeba analogiuri teqnologiiT ukeTesad iqneba Sevsebuli; amis msgavsad, aguris wyoba yvelaze kargad SekeTebuli iqneba aguriT, yore-wyobis kedeli qvayoreTi da sxv. Tanamedrove cementis baTqaSi, damatebuli Zvel mobaTqaSebaze an gamoy-enebuli rogorc axali mobaTqaSeba Zveli kedlis wyobaze, ara marto esTetikur problemas warmoadgens, aramed male iqceva seriozul, Semdgomi dazianebis gamomwvev problemad.

ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, SekeTeba xeliT unda iyos Sesrulebuli kvalificirebuli xe-losnebis mier. ra Tqma unda, gonivrulobis farglebSi dasaSvebia agreTve Tanamedrove xelis iaraRebis da mcire zomis eleqtroxelsawyoebis gamoyenebac, magram Tanamedrove samSene-blo moednis farTo masStabis teqnikuri saSualebebi sazogadod ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli, radgan aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios istoriuli nagebobis arasaWiro ngreva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tavi da Tavi istoriuli teqnikis imitaciis moTxovna ki araa, aramed gawafulobiT gafaqize-buli SekeTeba, morgebuli mSeneblobis winandel meTodebsa da, metadre, Zvel zedapirebs.

tradiciuli masalebis da teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT SekeTebis principi imas ar niSnavs, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi gamoricxuli unda iyos uTanamedrovesi teqnologiebic _ magaliTad, Tu tradiciuli SekeTeba ver uSvelis dazianebas, an Tu SekeTeba gaanadgurebs Zeglis Ziri-Tad maxasiaTeblebs im dros, rodesac Tanamedrove teqnologiebi uzrunvelyofs istoriuli qsovilis ufro warmatebul dacvas. garkveul SemTxvevebSi stabilizacia-gamagrebisaTvis gardauvalia konservaciaze orientirebuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba.

sazogadod, Zeglis SenarCunebis igive principebi aseve efeqturia, Tu, garda martivi SekeTebisa, saWiro gaxdeba zogierTi dazianebuli elementis mTliani Secvla: magaliTad, gadaxurvis tradiciuli Tixis kramitis gamoyeneba, romelsac, garda esTetikuri efeqtisa, gaaCnia gansxvavebuli fizikuri Tvisebebi, vidre mis Semcvlel betonis kramits; fanjris xis

- �� -

CarCoebis gamoyeneba plastikuris nacvlad; fanjrebis xis darabebis gamoyeneba Storebis nacvlad; fasadis asbesto-cementiT an plastikatiT mopirkeTebis gavrcelebuli meTodebis uaryofa, da sxv. es niSnavs uari ganacxado Tanamedrove mrewvelobis erTjeradi moxmarebis saqonelze, risi propagandac mimdinareobs yoveldRiur reklamaSi; garda maTi gansxvavebuli maxasiaTeblebisa, es produqcia istoriul nagebobas Tu daamaxinjebs.

kidev erTi ramaa mniSvnelovani Zeglis SenarCunebis yvela saxis samuSaoebisaTvis _ Se-qcevadi SekeTebis principi: Careva ganpirobebuli SekeTebis samuSaoebiT, rogoricaa mogvare-ba da komponentebis Canacvleba `gauqmebadi~ unda iyos. es principi, arapirdapir gamoTqmuli veneciis qartiaSi, ZiriTadad SefardebiTia _ met-naklebi Seqcevadoba _ da naklebad gulisx-mobs àbsolutur~ Seqcevadobas, rac Zalze iSviaTad SeiZleba iyos uzrunvelyofili.

magram naTelia, rom SekeTeba, romelic izRudeba marTlac aucilebeliT _ qvis kibis dazianebuli safexuris SekeTeba patara nawilis CamatebiT, an Weris koWis Secvla _ ra Tqma unda, bevrad ufro advilad Seqcevadia (rodesac momavalSi saWiro gaxdeba Semdgomi SekeTe-bebis an cvlilebebis Catareba), vidreim SemTxvevaSi, Tu betoniT mTlianad Canacvlebulia konstruqciis elementebi Tu sistemebi (mag., kibe, Weri, koWebi da sayrdenebi). garda aunaz-Raurebeli danakargebisa, rac mosdevs aseTi samuSaoebis Catarebas, bevrad ufro Zneli (an TiTqmis SeuZlebeli) iqneba moaSoro mTliani betonis karkasi, vidre Secvalo ramodenime koWi. ufro metic, araTu aRebuli, mTlianad `xelaxla aSenebuli~ istoriuli Zeglic ki, Tu ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli Seqcevadobis principi, dakargavs Tavis istoriuli mowmobis xas-iaTs.

Zeglebis SekeTeba moicavs aseve Zeglebis stabilizaciis da dacvis teqnologiebsac. maSin rodesac zogadad SekeTeba exeba dazianebuli elementebis moSorebas da Secvlas axali masa-lebiT, ris Sedegad viRebT masalis an nagebobis Semadgeneli nawilebis Zalze frTxil Senacv-lebas, rac ifargleba mxolod realurad dazianebuli adgiliT, stabilizaciis RonisZiebebs gaaCnia konservaciaze orientirebuli miznebi, rac, ramdenedac SesaZlebelia, gamoricxavs ma-salebis an struqturuli elementebis Secvlas. aqac TiTqmis SeuZlebelia Tavi davaRwioT Ca-revas Tavdapirvel qsovilSi, magaliTad, iseT SemTxvevebSi, romlebic exeba ganmtkicebas, gaJRenTvas, StiftebiT damagrebas an iseTi nivTierebebis Seyvanas, rogoricaa kiris an ce-mentis xsnarebi. xSirad aseTi, TiTqosda ùxilavi~ Carevebi sakmaod qmediTia. teqnologiebis Sorisaa Semcvleli konstruqciuli sistemebi da damcveli aRWurviloba gamofitvis, sinaT-lis zegavlenis da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg. stabilizaciis teqnologiebi moicavs Zeglis Semad-geneli masalebis da konstruqciebis farTo speqtrs, dawyebuli pigmentebis konservaciiTa da moxatulobis fenebis, mobaTqaSebis, istoriuli fundamentis dacvis, kedlebis da mzidi sistemebis CaTvliT. gadawyvetilebis miReba SekeTebis saWiroebis da raobis Sesaxeb an imis gamo, dacvis rogori RonisZiebebia Casatarebeli, erTi urTules da specielizebul gegmare-biT amocaTagania, romlis gadasawyvetad SenarCunebis specialistebma inJinerTan, qimikosTan an restavratorTan erTad unda SeimuSaos Zeglis bunebas Sefardebuli teqnikuri gegma.

winaswari gamokvlevebis gareSe, romelic daadgens Zeglis konkretul istoriul maxasi-aTeblebs da gansazRvravs dazianebebs, kvalificirebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba am sferoSi SeuZlebelia; ufro metic, Sedegebi naucbadevic iqneba da Zeglis SenarCunebis miznebis mxriv Znelad gasakontrolebelic.

reabilitacia da modernizacia

Zeglebis SekeTebasTan dakavSirebiT, termini reabilitacia dRevandel praqtikaSi gu-lisxmobs ufro yovlismomcvel da seriozuli Sedegebis mqone samuSaoebs, vidre Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebuli SekeTebis is formebi, romlebic aq iyo aRwerili. dRes termini reabilitacia gulisxmobs bevrad ufro mets vidre àRdgena;~ igi moicavs samuSaoebs, ro-melic nawilobriv aucilebelia, xolo nawilobriv ki Zalze didi masStabisaa da radikaluri. Tanamedrove standartebis da pirobebis morgebis saWiroeba, an nagebobis sxvagvari gamoyeneba xSirad xdeba aseTi samuSaoebis gamomwvevi mizezi. xandaxan es aris modernizaciis RonisZie-bebis Sedegi, rac yovelTvis ar Seesabameba nagebobis istoriul struqturas.

sareabilitacio samuSao, Catarebuli im mizniT, rom moargos Senoba dRevandel sacxovreb-el saWiroebebs (mag. gaTbobis axali sistemis dayeneba, an eleqtrogayvanilobis da saniter-uli sistemebis ganaxleba), Cveulebriv moicavs modernizaciis aucilebel RonisZiebebs, rac cdeba Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebul SekeTebis samuSaoebs. magram Zeglis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi principi aqac ZalaSi rCeba: modernizaciis samuSaoebiT gamowveuli Careva Tavda-

- �� -

pirvel qsovilSi maqsimalurad limitirebuli unda iyos, Tumca aman xeli ar unda SeuSalos Zeglis Semdgom gonivrul gamoyenebas. rac ufro guldasmiT Catardeba Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebuli winaswari kvleviTi samuSaoebi, rac amgvari proeqtebisTvis yvelaze mniS-vnelovania, miT ufro xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmneba Zeglis SenarCunebisaTvis. winaswari kv-leva gvaCvenebs, magaliTad, Tu sad SeiZleba, an ar SeiZleba Caidos milebi, SesaZlebelia Tu ara gviani kedlebis moSoreba ise, rom amiT araferi davazianoT, Tu ra gziT SeiZleba yvelaze kargad Seswordes konstruqciuli sistema da sxv. es exeba istoriul sacxovrebel Senobebs, dawyebuli fermeruli saxlebidan sasaxleebamde, iseve rogorc saeklesio nagebobebs. ekle-siebis SemTxvevaSi, reabilitacia da `modernizacia~ (Cveulebriv gaTbobis sistemis gayvana) moicavs seriozul intervencias iatakSi da, aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri aRmoCenebis zonaSi. aSkaraa, rom sazogadoebrivi Senobebis reabilitacia, rac cdeba SekeTebis samuSaoebs, drodadro aucilebeli xdeba da moicavs didmoculobian Carevas, rac ganpirobe-bulia Senobis funqciiT da specialuri moTxovnebiT, romelnic regulirdeba usafrTxoebis mniSvnelovani zomebiT da standartebiT, sadac Sedis brandmauerebi, saTadarigo gasasvlele-bi, axali kibeebi, liftebi da sxv.

termini qalaqebis reabilitacia gulisxmobs qalaquri kvartalis an mTeli qalaqis re-abilitacias. qalaqur reabilitacias win unda uZRodes ekonomiuri da socialuri struqtu-ris farTo gamokvleva. zog SemTxvevaSi es efuZneba sazogadoebriv moTxovnebs _ magaliTad, rom Seiqmnas `centraluri saqmiani kvartali~ universaluri maRaziebiT, manqanebis gasaCer-ebeli SenobebiT da sxv. _ rac niSnavs mocemuli istoriuli struqturis uaryofas. qalaqebis gamoxSirviT ganaxleba, rac farTod iyo danergili praqtikaSi bolo aTwleulebis ganmav-lobaSi, gamoixata an yvela istoriuli nagebobis mospobaSi, ramac ZeglTadacviTi Tvalsaz-risiT, `reabilitaciis~ sawinaaRmdego Sedegi moitana, an gamoiwvia farTo masStabiani ngreva da restruqtureba erTi-ori istoriuli Senobis SenarCunebiT, rac aseve ZeglTa `maragis~ da istoriuli infrastruqturis ganadgurebis tolfasia. xelaRebiT naxmari termini `qalaqis ganaxleba,~ ZeglTadacviTi kuTxiT SeiZleba `Zeglis ganadgurebas~ aRniSnavdes. axla sabedni-erod, gamoxSirviT ganaxleba gamonakliss warmoadgens da bevr SemTxvevaSi qalaqis reabili-tacia sruldeba `saxl-saxl.~ saukeTeso SemTxvevebSi Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebuli qalaqis reabilitacia tardeba SekeTebis samuSaoebis ukve aRwerili principebis Tanaxmad, xolo aucilebeli modernizaciis samuSaoebi didi sifrTxiliT aris morgebuli istoriul qsovils. da bolos, ra Tqma unda, reabilitaciis warmateba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli istoriuli nagebobis Sesabamis gamoyenebaze.

gamoxSirviT ganaxlebam, rogorc Tanamedrove teqnologiis `miRwevebis~ yvelaze STam-beWdavma magaliTma daamtkica, rom reabilitacia, romelic orientirebulia Zeglis SenarCu-nebaze, moiTxovs samuSaoebis Zalze frTxil, ufro tradiciuli meTodebiT warmoebas. Ta-namedrove teqnologiebi sasurveli ar aris, Tu maTi ganxorcieleba moiTxovs procedurebs tabula rasa –s meTodis mixedviT, an Tu isini uamrav dazianebebs iwvevs: magaliTad, did ga-narRvevs qalaqis galavanSi (rac faqtiurad aris im Senobis naxevris ganadgureba, romelic `reabilitaciisaTvis~ aris gamiznuli), mxolod imitom, rom aRWurvilobiT `Tavi moiwono~ da imuSao `racionalurad.~ aqac umetes SemTxvevebSi ekonomikuradac ufro xelsayreli iqne-boda gvewarmoebina samuSaoebi Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebuli TvalsazrisiT. ra Tqma unda, ar unda Seilaxos namdvilad aucilebliT SemozRudvis principi da, aqedan gamomdinare, SekeTebis principi, rac aq kidev erTxel aris xazgasasmeli: namdvilad gacveTili istoriuli qsovilis (fanjrebis an sxva detalebis) Sesacvlelad, gamoyenebuli unda iyos SekeTebis is principi, romelic mimarTavs tradiciul masalasa da teqnologiebs.

rekonstruqcia

rekonstruqcia gulisxmobs im SenobaTa xelaxal agebas, romelTa ganadgureba gamowveu-li iyo ubeduri SemTxvevebiT, bunebrivi katastrofebiT (mag., miwisZvra), an saomari moqmede-bebiT; Zeglebisa da zogadad RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis mimarTebaSi igi gulisxmobs dakar-guli originalis xelaxal Seqmnas suraTis an werilobiTi aRwerilobis safuZvelze. asli an replika, rekonstruqciis sapirispirod, axdens jer kidev arsebuli originalis dublirebas. nawilobrivi rekonstruqcia, rogorc Zeglis SenarCunebis RonisZieba, ukve ganxiluli iyo im nawilSi, romelic exeboda Zeglis dakarguli nawilebis Sevsebasa da Canacvlebas.

rekonstruqcia, ra Tqma unda, ar aris akrZaluli veneciis qartiis mier, rogorc amas xSirad amtkiceben; paragraf ��-is is nawili, romelic exeba gansaxilvel sakiTxs _ yvela saxis

- �� -

rekonstruqciis samuSaoebi apriori gamoricxuli unda iyos. nebadarTuli aris mxolod an-astilozi, anu Zeglis aRdgena misi darCenili, magram dacalkavebuli nawilebisagan, _ exeba martooden arqeologiur gaTxrebs. amis sawinaaRmdegod, aTenis qartia ganixilavs anasti-lozis meTods, rogorc rekonstruqciis gansakuTrebul formas yvela saxis nangrevebTan mimarTebaSi: nangrevebis SemTxvevaSi... gadadgmuli unda iyos nabijebi, raTa aRvadginoT nebi-smieri originaluri fragmenti, romelsac SeiZleba davubrunoT Tadapirveli forma (anasti-lozi), sadac ki es SesaZlebelia (aTenis qartia, VI, konservaciis teqnologia). arqeologiur konservaciaSi mravali mizezi arsebobs, raTa anastilozs upiratesoba mieniWos, Tumca Tval-saCinoebisaTvis arqeologiuri Zeglebis SenarCunebis samuSaoebi xandaxan moicavs nawilobriv rekonstruqcias istoriuli konteqstis naTelsayofad. aris kidev erTi, kerZod istoriuli baRebis sfero, sadac rekonstruqcias sruliad aSkara mizezebis gamo (ix. florenciis qartia, `restavracia da rekonstruqcia,~ parag. ��, �7) gansakuTrebuli adgili aqvs. da mainc, zoga-dad Cven SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom veneciis qartiis avtorebi, Tundac iqidan gamomdinare, rogor mkacrad zRudavs qartia Canacvlebas (rac paragraf ��-is Tanaxmad unda gansxvavde-bodes originalisagan), sakmaod skeptikurad iyvnen ganwyobili rekonstruqciis samuSaoebis mimarT.

skepticizmi yvela formis rekonstruqciis mimarT, upirveles yovlisa, efuZneba imas, rom istoria Seuqcevadia: garkveul SemTxvevebSi fragmentuli mdgomareoba gvTavazobs erTad-erT Rirebul, arafalsificirebul mxatvrul saxes. marTlac, mTlianad dangreuli Zeglic ki warmoadgens istoriis sabuTs, im sabuTs, romelic daikargeboda rekonstruqciis Cat-arebis Sedegad iseve, rogorc mecxramete saukuneSi zogierTi cixe-simagris nangrevebi gaxda `Zvel stilSi aRdgenis~ msxverpli. iq, sadac istoriis amgvari kvalis konservacia unda mox-des, rekonstruqcia arc unda vaxsenoT. ufro metic, Zegli, romelsac SeiZleba Cautardes restavracia an ganaxleba, an kidev gamagrebis an SekeTebis samuSaoebi, ar unda iyos dan-greuli da axlad Seqmnili, rogorc rekonstruqcia, `ufro lamazad, vidre adre iyo.~ magram Cven mudamdRe zustad aseT midgomas gvTavazoben. amgvarad, rekonstruqciisadmi uaryofiTi midgoma efuZneba im realuri safrTxis gaazrebas, rac emuqreba dRemde SemorCenil isto-riul nagebobebs da ara ubralo antipaTias (rasac vxvdebiT ZeglTadacviT TeoriaSi) XIX saukunis `sarestavracio~ samuSaoebisa da im saSineli zianis mimarT, rac miayena Tavdapirvel istoriul qsovils (metadre Sua saukuneebis Zeglebs) ase Tu ise, viole-le-diukis yaidis `mecnierul~ hipoTezebze damyarebulma rekonstruqciis tendenciam.

rekonstruqcia, romelic araTu enacvleba dakargul Zegls, aramed amarTlebs da xels uwyobs arsebuli Zeglis ganadgurebas, momakvdinebel zians ayenebs dRemde SemorCenil isto-riul nagebobebs. rodesac saqme `xelovnebis nimuSebs~ exeba, erTsulovani sazogadoebrivi azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom rekonstruqcias ar SeuZlia Secvalos originali, magram didi ja-faa saWiro, raTa daarwmunoT igive sazogadoeba, rom iseTi gamosayenebli obieqtebi, rogori-caa skamebi barokos eklesiaSi, aseve ar SeiZleba Seicvalos maTi aslebiT; es xSirad naklebadaa gaazrebuli istoriuli Senobebis mimarTebaSic. amgvarad, nagebobebis gamoyenebis mogonili Tu realuri sirTuleebis gamo, saxlebs da, metadre, ki komerciul Senobebs emuqreba sruli ganaxleba, SekeTebis nacvlad, dangreva da `Zveli formiT rekonstruqcia~, Tanac sasurve-lia fundamentze, romelic arasodes arsebula, an am moucilebeli manqanebis sadgomebiT. am konteqstSi `rekonstruqciis~ cneba ZiriTadad mxolod eqsteriers exeba, maSin rodesac interierSi yvelafers asxvafereben da iatakis donec icvleba ise, rom `rekonstruirebuli~ fasadi unda `aiwios~, rom moergos damatebiT sarTuls. is, rac rCeba Zeglidan SeiZleba iyos nagebobis ramdenime elementi, `kompromisad~ Cayolebuli axal SenobaSi: gerbiani qva, TaRedi, da sxv.

rekonstruqcia arsebuli Zeglis adgilze, romelic moiTxovs originaluri Zeglis mo-Sorebas, gamoricxuli unda iyos rogorc misi dacvis zoma. am midgomis modifikacia _ demon-taJi da xelaxali aSeneba arsebuli masalebis gamoyenebiT _ aseve TiTqmis yovelTvis iwvevs se-riozul danakargebs, Tumca teqnikurad SesaZlebelia Senobis naTali qvis an xis elementebis gamoyenebiT, nalesobisa da SemavsebelTa ararsebobisas. Zeluri nagebobebi Cveulebriv aseT proceduras naklebi danakargebiT uZlebs, Tu samuSaoebi frTxilad da kvalificiurad tar-deba. naTali qviT nagebi Senobebis SemTxvevaSi ikargeba Senobis sxva komponentebTan bmebi da makavSireblebi; magram nebismier SemTxvevaSi, rodesac rekonstruqciisas gamoiyeneba arsebu-li elementebi, arsebobs konsteqstis dakargvis problema. Senobebi SemavseblebiT, mobaTqaSe-biT, naSenis konglomeratiT, masiuri qvis wyobiT da a.S., aseTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas Cveulebriv kargaven Tavisi istoriuli qsovilis umetes nawils. amgvarad, rekonstruqcia arsebuli masalis gamoyenebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom gulisxmobs demontaJsa da xelaxal

- �� -

agebas, warmatebuli SeiZleba iyos mxolod Zalian iSviaT SemTxvevebSi. winapirobebia Zeglis SenarCunebaze orientirebuli winaswari gamokvlevebi da arsebuli obieqtis dazianebis iseTi saSiSroeba, rasac sxvagvarad ver aicileb.

miuxedavad zemo xsenebuli safrTxeebisa, garkveul pirobebSi rekonstruqcia, iseve ro-gorc konservacia, restavracia da renovacia SeiZleba miviCnioT Zeglis SenarCunebis nebad-arTul meTodad. Zeglis SenarCunebis konteqstSi, rekonstruqcia Cveulebriv ukavSirdeba SenobisTvis ama Tu im mizeziT dakarguli mdgomareobis dabrunebas, saxviTi, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri wyaroebis moSveliebiT; is SeiZleba moicavdes elementTa gasrulebasa Tu nawilo-briv rekonstruqcias da srul rekonstruqciasac, arsebuli elementebis gamoyenebiTa Tu maT gamouyeneblad. renovaciis proeqtebis CarCoebSi moxatulobis Tavdapirveli sqemis rekon-struqcia _ magaliTad, oTaxis interieris dekoris aRdgena, an eqsterieris gadaRebva feris kvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad _ SesaZloa sikeTis momtani iyos Zeglis saerTo esTetikuri ieri-saTvis. Senobis istoriuli gamarTulobis rekonstruqcia, romelic mxolod kargad dasab-uTebul situaciisasaa marTebuli, aseve SeiZleba am konteqstSi ganvixiloT. da bolos, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom nagebobis istoriuli saxe SeiZleba rekonstruirebul iqnes naxazebis da modelebis saxiT, raTa SevqmnaT safuZveli konservaciis proeqtis koncepciis ganxilvi-saTvis sasargeblo masala, Tumca sxvadsxva mizezebis gamo konservacia SeiZleba arc iyos ganxorcielebuli.

nawilobrivi Tu mTliani rekonstruqciis dros aucilebeli pirobaa vrceli dokumen-turi informacia sarekonstruqcio mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; Tumca rekonstruqcia iSviaTad Tu Caivlis raime hipoTezis gareSe. erT-erTi kriteriumi, romelic waeyeneba kulturuli obi-eqtebs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad, konvenciis samoqmedo direqtivebis Tanaxmad aris is, rom rekonstruqcia SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is tardeba originalis sruli da detaluri dokumentaciis safuZvelze da araviTar SemTxvevaSi hipo-Tezebis da varaudebis mixedviT. amgvarad, am kriteriumis Tanaxmad, msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Setanisas rekonstruqcia gamoricxuli ar aris, magram igi moiTxovs sando mecnierul dasabuTebas. veneciis qartiis paragrafi �-is SeniSvnebi, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, aseve mniS-vnelovania konservaciisaTvis: restavracia Zalze SezRuduli procesia. igi... emyareba Tavda-pirveli masalis da avTenturi sabuTebis gaTvaliswinebas. igi unda Sewydes iq, sadac varaudi iwyeba... `

zemore msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom rekon-struqcia ar aris `akrZaluli~ da igi ar aris aucileblad miCneuli ZeglTadacviT `codvad~, yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxare Zalze guldasmiT unda iyos awon-dawonili. iseve rogorc arasakmaris Cvenebebze da sakamaTo hipoTezebze damyarebuli dakarguli nawilebis rekon-struqciiT Sevseba faqtiurad ayalbebs Zegls, aseve ar SeuZlia dauzustebel `SemoqmedebiT rekonstruqcias~ realurad aRadginos dakarguli Zegli _ formis mxrivac ki, rom araferi vTqvaT mis istoriul ganzomilebaze. garda amisa, xSiria gaugebroba dakarguli originalis masalis da teqnikis, xelobis da mxatvrul SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. garkveul pirobeb-Si, rekonstruqcia garda mkafio samecniero safuZvelisa, moiTxovs aRdgenas Tavdapirveli formebiT da masaliT, risTvisac aucilebelia Sesabamisi ostatoba da niWi; ra Tqma unda, yvela SemorCenili istoriuli qsovili maqsimalurad unda iyos gamoyenebuli. principialuri mosazrebebiT, rekonstruqcia, romelSic CarTulia is Tavdapirveli elementebi, romlebmac ar ganicades saxecvlileba, ufro gamarTlebulia, vidre is rekonstruqcia, romelic cdi-lobs axalad Seqmnas mxatvruli monacemebi, romelmac saukuneebis manZilze ganicada ganviTa-reba da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi `reproducireba~ naklebad SesaZlebelia.

gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi rekonstruqcia aseve SesaZlebelia im mizniT, rom aRudgi-nos garemocva fragmentirebul Zegls, SemorCenil gamarTulobasa da dekoratiuli elemene-tebs an Zeglis mniSvnelovan komponentebs. am konteqstSi rekonstruqciis samuSaoebisas qvis wyobis, kedlis, an sxva raime fragmentebis gadaxurva zogjer SeiZleba momgebianic ki iyos konservaciis TvalsazrisiT. aseTi midgomis nebis darTvisaTvis darwmunebuli unda viyoT, rom igi ar daazianebs arsebul istoriul qsovils, magaliTad Tavdapirveli ZiriTadi el-ementebis SecvliT, an gamagrebis RonisZiebebiT. da, bolos, rekonstruqcia SeiZleba gamar-Tlebuli iyos istoriuli kompleqsebis, an gansakuTrebiT erTiani ansamblebis SemTxvevebSi, rodesac dazianeba (ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu ram gamoiwvia igi) amcirebs, auaresebs an amax-injebs mTel ansambls. amis saukeTeso magaliTia veneciis san markos kampanilas ��0� wels Catarebuli rekonstruqcia, misi uecari Camongrevis Semdeg, radgan igi warmoadgenda am is-toriuli moednis ganuyofel elements.

am konteqstSi katastrofebisa da saomari movlenebis Semdeg xelaxali aSeneba aseve imsax-

- �� -

urebs yuradRebas. sruliad damoukideblad Zeglis SenarCunebis mosazrebebisagan, aseTi xe-laxali aSeneba iSviaTad yofila sruliad axlis Seqmnis procesi, TviT warsul saukuneebSi da aTaswleulebSic ki. ekonomiuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, xelmisawvdomi masalis zom-ieri gamoyenebaSi ikveTeba tendncia yovelive arsebulis gamoyeneba; faqtiurad, xandaxan es emsgavseboda midgomas, rasac SeiZleba `reconstruqcia~ vuwodoT. ai, mag., orleanis sakaT-edro taZari: hugenotebis mier dangreuli, igi XVII-XVIII ss-Si aRdgenil iqna guTur stilSi. xelaxla agebul Zegls iseTi ganzomilebebi aqvs, rac ubralo, egreT wodebuli mecnieruli safuZvelis mqone rekonstruqcias ar gaaCnia. mTlianad Tu nawilobriv dangreuli nagebo-bebis, kerZod ki, monumenturi Zeglebis xelaxali aSeneba, romlebic vizualurad ganasaxiere-ben qveynis Tu eris istorias, SeiZleba miCneuli iyos politikuri TviTdamkvidrebis aqtad. garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, es iseve sasicocxlod aucilebelia mosaxleobisaTvis, rogorc `sakuTari Weri gqondes.~ xelaxali aSenebis winapiroba, ra Tqma unda, aris im Taobis neba, romelic jer kidev ganicdis am danakargebs. xandaxan gaocebas iwvevs, Tu rogor aqarwyleben ganaxlebuli Zeglebi katastrofiT gamowveul danakliss da aRiqmebian, rogorc istoriuli sabuTebi maSin, rodesac aseTi samuSaoebi iwvevs istoriuli qsovilis aunazRaurebel dana-kargebs. es gansakuTrebiT exeba iseT Zeglebs, sadac gadarCenili gamarTulobis gamoyeneba kanoniers xdis maT xelaxal aSenebas. aseve gansacvifrebelia, Tu rogor SeiZleba xelaxla agebulma Zeglma ara marto Seasrulos misi Zveli funqciebi, aramed xelaxla daikavos adgili istoriaSi, miuxedavad sruliad ganaxlebuli samSeneblo qsovilisa. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT goeTes saxli frankfurtSi. SesaZlebelia Zveli fundamentis istoriul adgilze aSenebul nagebobaSi integrirebuli iyos katastrofas gadarCenili istoriuli Senobis nar-Cenebi iseve, rogorc SemorCenili gamarTuloba da dekoratiuli elementebi. garda amisa, xelaxla agebuli nageboba unda warmoadgendes istoriuli nagebobis im mdgomareobas, rac mas dangrevamde hqonda, im SemTxvevaSi Tu xelaxali mSeneblobis namdvili mizani aris amonar-Rvevis moSoreba da ara katastrofiT miyenebuli tradiciis wyvetilis warmoCena.

gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba iqmneba maSin, rodesac arqiteqturis istoriis kvlevis safuZvelze xdeba Senobis xelaxali ageba ise, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda igi adre da ara ise, Tu ra saxe hqonda mas dangrevamde. aseTi midgomis dros Zegli iwmindeba gviani periodebis cvlilebebisa da damatebebis `Secdomebisagan~ da TviT gadarCenili gamarTulobac ki ewireba axal proeqts im mizniT, rom kvlav warmoCindes arqiteqturis `Tavdapirveli ieri.~ procesi, romelic Zeglis adrindel mdgomareobaSi ukan dabrunebis msgavsia, problematuria Zeglis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT da gamarTlebulia mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi.

Senobis xelaxali agebis istoria evropaSi meore msoflio omis Semdeg _ SesaZlo varian-tebiT, Tanamedrove arqiteqturis kanonebis Tanaxmad sruliad axali mSeneblobis wamowyebi-dan, im SemTxvevebamde, sadac rekonstruqcia imeorebda nagebobebis im masalebsa da formebs, rac maT dangrevamde gaaCndaT _ ver iqneba aq aRwerili. gindac, rogorc ZeglTa damcvelebma viglovoT imaze, rac ukve dakargulia, Cven unda vaRiaroT axlidan aSenebis gansxvavebu-li midgomebi, romlebic warmoiSva omis Semdeg. da marTlac, Cven unda ganvixiloT axlidan aSenebis Sedegebi rogorc istoriuli sinamdvile da vaRiaroT, rom is nagebobebi, romle-bic ase Tu ise keTilsindisierad iyo rekonstruirebuli, droTa msvlelobaSi warmatebu-lad warmogvidga: mravali xelaxla aSenebuli nageboba axla Tavidanaa Sesuli Zeglebis siaSi, rogorc avTenturi istoriuli Senoba; miuxedavad imisa, rom isini verasodes Secvlian omis wina periodis nawilobriv, Tu mTlianad dakargul originalebs, axla isini warmoadgenen im periodis maCvenebels, rodesac Catarda maTi rekonstruqcia. dapirispireba nebismieri saxis rekonstruqciisadmi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mraval, nangrevebad qceul istoriul nagebobas, ewinaaRmdegeba ZvelisZvel grZnobas, survils aRadgino nacnobi garemo katastrofis Semdeg, kvlav erTad Sekribo gamosadegi masala _ anu Caataro rekonstruqcia. adamianebis amgvar wuxils ara mxolod omis Semdgomi xelaxali mSeneblobebisTvis hqonda Zala, aramed axlad aSenebis im proeqtebisTvisac, rac sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo mxolod aTwleulebis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli. amis magaliTia drezdenis RvTismSoblis eklesia. garda Zeglis mxolod SenarCunebis aspeqtebisa, gadamwyvetia is motivacia, rac aris xelaxali aSenebis survilis mamoZravebeli Zala _ danakargis gacnobiereba; aseT pirobebSi vadis dadgenis idea, rodesac rekonstruqcia `jer kidev~ dasaSvebia, an `ukve~ aRar aris gamarTlebuli _ rogorc amas xan-daxan gvTavazoben _ aRar aris mniSvnelovani.

rekonstruqciis obieqtisadmi faqizi mopyroba moiTxovs Zeglebis gagebas `maTi avTen-turobis sruli sisavsiT,~ ise rogorc naTqvamia veneciis qartiis preambulaSi. naras konfer-enciaze SeTanxmebuli avTenturobis sabuTis Tanaxmad, Zeglis Sesafaseblad arsebiTia ara marto araerTgzis sicocxles dabrunebuli istoriuli qsovili, aramed damatebiTi faqtore-

- �� -

bic, avTenturi formebidan _ avTentur ganwyobilebamde. namdvili nivTieri mdgomareobis moTayvaneT, romelTac Zegli `materialisturad~ esmiT, SeuZliaT mxolod avTenturi qsovi-lis mudmivi kargva, istoriis xedva rogorc zrda-ganviTarebis sworxazovani procesisa; mas ZaluZs aRsasrulis dRemde Zeglis saboloo saxis dakonserveba. magram ZeglTa damcvels, ro-gorc istoriuli memkvidreobis erTgvar advokats arnaxulad cvalebad samyaroSi, romelic cdilobs ramdenadme mainc SeinarCunos uwyvetoba istoriuli maCveneblebis gadarCeniT, unda esmodes Zeglis yvela avTenturi faseuloba, martooden esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT motivire-buli `warmoCenis~ faseulobis, an xSirad miviwyebuli `SegrZnebis~ faseulobis CaTvliT, rac midrekilia konkretuli formis Tu viTarebis rekonstruqciisaken. adamianis grZnobebTan erTad, romlebic warmoiSveba katastrofebis Semdeg xelaxali mSeneblobebis mimarT, isto-riul adgilebze yovelTvis Cndeba warsulis xelSexebadobix damatebiTi problema, problema, romelic metia, vidre SemorCenili da dakarguli istoriuli qsovili.

Zeglebis gadaadgileba

Zeglebis gadaadgileba rekonstruqciis cnebis nawils warmoadgens. iSviaT SemTxvevebSi gadaadgileba teqnikurad SeiZleba SesaZlebeli iyos demontaJisa da xelaxali agebis gareSe, magaliTad, mcire Senobebis SemTxvevebSi, rogoricaa baRis pavilioni, romelic SegviZlia gadavaadgiloT mis qveS ficris SedebiT. magram yoveli gadaadgilebisas ikargeba Zeglisa da misi garemocvisa da garemos mniSvnelovani kavSiri, mis mdebareobasTan dakavSirebuli TviT Zeglis istoriuli informaciuloba. am konteqstSi veneciis qartiis paragraf 7-Si aRniSnu-lia: `Zegli ganuyofelia im istoriisagan, romlis mematianec igi aris da im garemosagan, sa-dac igi gvxvdeba. mTeli Zeglis an misi nawilis gadaadgileba ar SeiZleba nebadarTuli iyos, Tu amas ar moiTxovs misi usafrTxoeba, an Tu es ar aris gamarTlebuli friad mniSvnelovani aucileblobis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso interesebiT”.

amgvarad, Zeglis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT, gadaadgileba dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu misi SenarCuneba Tavdapirveli mdebareobis adgilas veRar xerxdeba, Tu mas sxva gziT veRar davicavT, Tu mis ngrevas veraferi SeaCerebs. es viTareba dagvidgeba xolme ara marto iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac, mag., saWiroa istoriuli nagebobebis gadaadgileba maRaroebidan naxSiris mopovebis mizniT, an wyalsacavis aSenebisas soflis datborvisagan dacvis mizniT, aramed rodesac mis adgilze gadawydeba aigos axali Senoba, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu ratom gaica aseTi nebarTva. garda amisa, arsebobs imis safrTxec ki, rom Zeglis gadaadgilebis ubralo SesaZlebloba axlomdebared gaSenebuli Ria cis qveS muzeumSi, CaTvlili iqneba misi dangrevis gamarTlebad. gadaadgileba umetesad exeba soflis Senobebs da sasoflo-sameurneo nagebobebs, ara marto Ria cis qveS muzeumSi gadasatanad, aramed piradi interesebidan gamom-dinare. pirveli moTxovna aseT SemTxvevebSi aris garantia, rom istoriuli nageboba, miuxe-davad imisa, rom Sordeba Tavis Tavdapirvel garemos, xelaxla agebuli iqneba imdagvarive topografiul garemoSi da, SeZlebisdagvarad, pirvandelis msgavs midamoSi.

da bolos, gadaadgilebis umTavresi pirobaa is, rom istoriuli nageboba e.i. Tavdapir-veli qsovili (an yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponentebis umetesoba mainc) realurad SesaZlebe-lia iyos gadaadgilebuli. amgvarad, sufTa teqnikuri mizezebis gamo, WeSmariti gadaadgileba exeba xis nagebobebs, kerZod ki Senobebis tips, romlebic wina saukuneebSic gadahqondaT xolme. maTi konstruqciis buneba xels uwyobs Zeluri Senobebis demontaJs, transportire-bas da rekonstruqcias. garkveul pirobebSi Tlili qvis nagebobac SeiZleba gadaadgile-bul iqnes, magram yoveli qva cal-calke da wyobis yoveli horizontaluri rigi cal-calke. amis sapirispirod, masiuri Senobebis gadaadgileba Cveulebriv, azrs moklebulia, radgan mobaTqaSebuli duRabiani wyobis kedeli saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba xelaxla aSenebuli iyos Tavdapirveli masalis nawilobriv gamoyenebiT. igive principebi, rac miesadageba sxva istoriuli nagebobebis SekeTebas _ rac Seexeba avTenturi masalebis gamoyenebas, teqnolo-giebs, ostatobas da konservaciul mkurnalobas _ aseve mniSvnelovania SekeTebis da Sevsebis samuSaoebisaTvis, rac gardauvalad aucilebelia gadaadgilebuli nagebobisaTvis. nagebobis Tavdapirveli mdgomareobis mecnieruli dokumentacia da Canawerebi warmoadgens marTebuli demontaJisa da xelaxali aSenebis umTavres pirobas.

- �7 -

IV. arqeologiuri memkvidreobis, istoriuli raionebis (ansamblebis) da sxva kategoriis Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi

adgilebis SenarCunebis principebi

veneciis qartia exeba yvela saxis Zeglebs da RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs, rac, magaliTad, ��7� wlis msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciis � paragrafSi ganmartebulia rogorc kulturu-li memkvidreoba. am qartiis safuZvelze mogvianebiT SemuSavda sxva qartiebi da principebi Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis individualuri kategoriebisaTvis. veneciis qartiam mTeli paragrafi miuZRvna Zeglis mxolod erT klasikur kategorias, saxeldobr, arqeolo-giur memkvidreobas (paragrafi �� `gaTxrebis~ Sesaxeb), risTvisac ��0 wels ikomos-is gener-alurma asambleam lozanaSi mxari dauWira arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvis da menejmen-tis qartias. wyalqveSa arqeologiuri memkvidreobisaTvis es qartia Sevsebuli iyo wyalqveSa kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa da menejmentis qartiiT, romelic ratificirebuli iyo �� wels ikomos-is generaluri asambleis mier sofiaSi. SemdgomSi Cven aRar SevexebiT wy-alqveSa arqeologiis sakiTxebs, rac detaluradaa aRwerili im qartiaSi.

arqeologiuri Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi

arqeologiuri Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi warmoadgens Cveni kulturuli memkvi-dreobis im nawils, romelic Seiswavleba arqeologiuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT; umeteswilad miwis an wylis qveS damaluli, isini warmoadgens kacobriobis aTaswleulebis istoriis Seucv-lel wyaros. arqeologiuri memkvidreobis konservaciaSi aq igulisxmeba `sxvadasxva nakval-evis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa~ da ara `saganZurebis Txra.~ mkacri diferenciacia arqe-ologiur da arqiteqturul Zeglebs Soris yovelTvis marTebuli ar aris, radgan arqeologi-uri Zeglebi xSirad Sedgeba miwis qveS damaluli Senobis nawilebisagan: rogoricaa qvis an xis konstruqciebi, kedlis narCenebi, moxatuli iatakebi da sxv., iseve rogorc Zveli gamarTu-lobebisagan SemorCenili nawilebi. da marTlac, garkveul donemde arqeologiuri ganaTxari SeiZleba gadaiqces arqeologiur Zeglad da miiRos arqiteqturuli Zeglis saxe, magaliTad, Tu cixe-simagris kompleqsis SemadgenlobaSi gamovlindeba nangrevebis narCenebi, rac Semdgom Sesabamisad iqneba konservirebuli. meore mxriv, mravali arqiteqturuli nageboba da qalaqis raionebic ki imave dros warmoadgens arqeologiur zonebs, miwis qveS darCenili ufro win-amorbedi Senobebis gamo.

imis gamo, rom sxvadasxva epoqis arqeologiuri Zeglebi damalulia miwis an wylis qveS, SemuSavda winaswari kvlevis, gaTxrebis warmoebis da dokumentaciis Sedgenis specialuri meTodebi maTi aRnusxvis da Seswavlis mizniT. kvlevis meTodebi moicavs velis daTvalierebas da im masalis Segrovebas, rac saSualebas mogvcems moiniSnos arqeologiuri zonebi (topo-grafiuli arqeologiuri kvleva), aero fotografirebas da cota xnis win ganviTarebul geo-fizikur kvlevis meTodebs (magnetometria). winaswari kvlevis es meTodebi, romlebic aq ufro detalur aRweras ar saWiroebs, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli arqeologiuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis upirveles moTxovnasTan da principTan: im qveyanaSi, romelic mas mimarTavs am meTodebis gamoyenebiT arqeologiuri Zeglebis kvleva unda Sesruldes Zalze zustad da SeZlebisdagvarad farTod. rogorc Zeglis SenarCunebis yvela sferoSi, arsebuli masalis winaswari kvleva warmoadgens misi SenarCunebis winapirobas.

ra Tqma unda, veneciis qartiis ZiriTadi principebi Zalas arqeologiuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis kerZo pirobebisTvisac inarCunebs. arqeologiuri Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi unda SenarCunebuli iyos in situ da SeZlebisdagvarad xeluxleblad: isini unda iyos movlili, dakonservebuli da garkveul SemTxvevebSi restavrirebuli. veneciis qartiis para-grafi �� calke exeba arqeologias: gaTxrebi unda Catardes mecnieruli standartebis da 1956 wels iunesko-s mier miRebuli rekomendaciis Sesabamisad, romelic gansazRvravs arqeolo-giuri gaTxrebisaTvis aucilebel saerTaSoriso principebs. nangrevebi unda iyos SenarCu-nebuli da miRebuli unda iyos aucilebeli zomebi arqiteqturuli elementebis da aRmoCe-nili obieqtebis xangrZlivi konservaciisa da dacvisaTvis. ufro metic, yvela Zala unda iyos naxmari, rom xeli SevuwyoT Zeglis gagebas da gamovavlinoT igi, misi sazrisis damaxinjebis gareSe.

arqeologiuri gaTxrebisaTvis misadagebuli saerTaSoriso principebis Taobaze iunes-ko-s zemoxsenebuli rekomendaciis mixedviT, romelic gamosca generalurma konferenciam

- �� -

niu deliSi, �� wlis � dekembers, arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvis saukeTeso pirobebi moiTxovs gaTxrebis koordinacias da centralizebul dokumentacias TiToeuli qveynis Se-sabamisi oficialuri xelisuflebis mier, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gaTvalisiwnebiT; Tavidan unda iyos acilebuli unebarTvo gaTxrebi da maT Sedegad aRmoCenili obieqtebis eqs-porti. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ganaTxari masalis SenarCuneba da misi dacva centralur, Tu regionalur koleqciebsa da muzeumebSi gaTxrebis teritoriaze, an im koleqciebSi, rom-lebic uSualod dakavSirebulia gaTxrebis adgilebTan. da mainc, �� wlis rekomendacia mkafiod ar gansazRvravs, rom gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili masala, zustad iseve, rogorc SemTxveviTi aRmoCenebi, warmoadgens mxolod nawils Zeglisa, romelic mravalwaxnagovani istoriuli urTierTkavSirebis gansxeulebas warmoadgens; Zeglis SenarCunebis Tanamedrove praqtikis, rogorc `nakvalevebis usafrTxoebis yovelmxrivi uzrunvelyofis~ mizania Sevi-narCunoT es mTlianoba imdenad, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia. magram karga xnis moZvelebuli azri, rom arqeologia araferia, Tu ara ubralod `ganZis Txra~, TiTqosda jerac gamokrTis ZeglTa dacvis Tanamedrove kanonebis Sesabamis paragrafebSi.

�� wlis rekomendaciaSi gamotovebulia arqeologiuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis Ta-namedrove meTodis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani principi: gansxvaveba im gaTxrebs Soris, romle-bic tardeba sufTa mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT da gadaudebeli sagangebo an gadarCenis mizniT Catarebuli gaTxrebi, rac bevr qveynebSi wesad iqca, radgan arqeologiur Zeglebs sul ufro xSirad safrTxe iseT zomaze emuqreba, rac wina aTwleulebSi naklebad warmosadgeni iyo. aRmouCeneli arqeologiuri Zeglebis ganadgurebis mizezebi ara marto kerZo samSeneblo proeqtebia, aramed egreT wodebuli `miwis Sewuxeba~, gamowveuli sazogadoebrivi samuSaoe-biT, giganturi arqiteqturuli da samoqalaqo sainJinro proeqtebiT, axali satransporto saSualebebiT da gansakuTrebiT intensiuri sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebiT, rasac Tan sdevs niadagis erozia. sxva Tu araferi, istoriuli nagebobebis SenarCunebis proeqtebTan erTad mainc unda iyos miRebuli zomebi, raTa Tavidan aviciloT niadagSi intervencia; amis tipiur magaliTad gamodgeba religiuri nagebobis iatakis qveS “terra sancta” -s xeluxleblad datoveba _ niadagi, romelic TiTqmis yovelTvis warmoadgens arqeologiis interess, magram xSirad safrTxeSia Tanamedrove gaTbobis sistemebis gayvanis gamo.

yoveli mxridan damuqrebuli saSiSroebebis pirispir, rac mraval qveyanaSi moWarbebuli gadaudebeli gaTxrebis da gadarCenis RonisZiebebis gamomwvevi mizezi xdeba _ Tanac iseTi raodenobiT, rom SeuZlebelia maTi mkacri mecnieruli standartebis Tanaxmad Catareba, _ arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvisa da menejmentis qartia (lozanis qartia) pirvelad gansaz-Rvravs yovlismomcvelad arqeologiuri masalis SenarCunebis pirobebs, miznebsa da prin-cipebs. Zalmosileba konservaciis yvelaze mniSvnelovani principis _ Zeglebis SenarCuneba ramdenadac SesaZlebelia xeluxlenlad TavianT Tavdapirvel adgilebze _ arqeologiuri ZeglebisaTvisac xazgasmulia paragraf �-Si: arqeologiuri memkvidreobis menejmentis mTa-vari mizani unda iyos Zeglebis SenarCuneba TavianT adgilebze, maTTan dakavSirebuli yvela Canawerebis, koleqciebisa da sxvaTa xangrZlivi Sesabamisi konservaciisa da mkurnalobis CaTvliT. memkvidreobis nebismieri elementebis axal adgilze gadaadgileba, warmoadgens memkvidreobis SenarCunebis principis darRvevas. es principi yuradRebas amaxvilebs saTa-nado movlis, konservaciis da menejmentis saWiroebaze. deklarirebulia agreTve principi, romlis Tanaxmad arqeologiuri memkvidreoba ar unda iyos gaTxrebis Sedegad warmoCenili an maT Sedegad safaris gareSe mitovebuli, Tu gaTxrebis damTavrebis Semdeg ar aris garan-tirebuli maTi movla da menejmenti. es ukanaskneli principi namdvilad imsaxurebs yuradRe-bas, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT ra xalisiT _ saerTaSoriso doneze _ toveben gaSiSvlebul arqeologiur teritoriebs saTanado movlis, konservaciis da menejmentis gareSe, saimosod mxolod, rom maT Tavs turizmis gamanadgurebeli zemoqmedeba daatydes.

lozanis qartia mkafiod ganasxvavebs agreTve sxvadasxva saSiSroebebiT forsirebul aucilebel, saswrafo RonisZiebebsa da sufTa mecnieruli miznebiT Catarebul gaTxrebs; es ukanaskneli sxva miznebsac SeiZleba emsaxurebodes, mag., arqeologiuri teritoriis ukeT warmoCenas. paragraf �-is Tanaxmad, gaTxrebi unda Catardes im adgilebSi da im Zeglebze, romelTac emuqrebaTYganviTarebis, miwis sxvagvari gamoyenebis, Zarcvis an bunebrivi piro-bebis gauaresebis saSiSroeba. rodesac arqeologiuri teritoria dasaRupadaa ganwiruli, radgan verc erTma dacviTma RonisZiebam ver gaamarTla an ver iqna ganxorcielebuli, maSin, ra Tqma unda, gaTxrebi unda SeZlebisdagvarad didi gulisyuriT da farTod Catardes. amas-Tan SedarebiT, sufTa mecnieruli miznebiT Catarebuli gaTxrebi iseTi Zeglebisa, romelTac ar emuqreba raime saSiSroeba, detalurad unda iyos dasabuTebuli; lozanis qartiaSi es sru-liad mkafiodaa gansazRvruli rogorc gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi: gamonakliss SemTxvevebSi

- �� -

gaTxrebis Catareba SesaZlebelia im RirsSesaniSnav adgilebSi, romelTac ar emuqreba raime safrTxe, raTa Suqi mofino kvleviT problemebs, an moiZebnos maTi uketesi interpretacia, sazogadoebisTvis maTi wardgenis mizniT. aseT SemTxvevebSi gaTxrebs win unda uZRvodes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelobis Rrma mecnieruli Sefaseba. gaTxrebi nawilobrivi unda iyos, ise, rom meore nawili xeluxlebelad darCes momavali kvlevisaTvis. amgvarad, maqsimal-urad unda moveridoT intervencias im arqeologiur teritoriebze, romelTac ar emuqreba raime saSiSroeba, an SesaZlebelia am safrTxeebis Cven xelT arsebuli kanonieri saSualebebiT Tavidan acileba. gamonaklisia is SemTxvevebi, rodesac arqeologiuri teritoriis nawilis gaTxrebiT Seswavlas SeuZlia gadaWras specifikuri mecnieruli problemebi, an unda moxdes mnaxvelebisTvis gaTxrebis raionis samecniero da didaqtikuri miznebiT motivirebuli ward-gena. aseTi gansakuTrebuli gaTxrebis winapiroba yovelTvis unda iyos mnaxvelTaTvis warmo-Cenili gaTxrebis teritoriis konservireba da dacvis garantia. Tu am moTxovnebis Sesruleba ar xerxdeba, maSin arc aseTi `gamomzeureba~ SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli.

zemoTxsenebuli SezRudva, ise, rom Tu arqeologiuri teritoria, romelsac safrTxe ar emuqreba, mxolod imdenad unda gaiTxaros, ramdenadac misi usafrTxoeba araTu samec-niero, aramed ZeglTadacviTi TvasazrisiTacaa garantirebuli, SezRuduli resursebis rac SeiZleba gonivruli gamoyenebidan unda gamomdinareobdes: lozanis qartiis paragrafi �-is mixedviT xelmisawvdomi resursebis gardauvali SezRudulobis gamoisobiT, aqtiuri movla unda tardebodes SerCevis safuZvelze. ufro metic, ukiduresi TavSekavebis mTavari mizezi aris is, rom yoveli gaTxra, gulisxmobs ganadgurebas: imdenad ramdenadac gaTxrebi yov-elTvis gulisxmobs im masalis SerCevis aucileblobas, romelic dokumentirebuli da dac-uli unda iyos sxva informaciis dakargvis, an, zog SemTxvevebSi, mTeli Zeglis ganadgurebis xarjze, gaTxrebis Catarebis gadawyvetileba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxolod seriozuli gansjis Sedegad (paragrafi �). rac Seexeba gaTxrebs, romlebic motivirebulia sufTa mec-nieruli interesebiT, xandaxan SesaZlebelia intervenciis SezRudva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac Sedegs SegviZlia Cveulebrivi horizontalur-stratigrafiuli meTodis gamouyene-blad mivaRwioT, viwro zolis gaTxriT; magaliTad, wriuli kedlis erT seqtors SeuZlia mogvces mTeli saWiro informacia. aseTi midgomiT arqeologiuri Zegli umetes SemTxvevebSi xeluxlebeli rCeba da daculia in situ, rac saSualebas iZleva momavalSi Catardes kvleve-bi gaumjobesebuli mecnieruli meTodebis gamoyenebiT. iunesko-s �� wlis rekomendaciam ukve wamoayena Tavisi winadadeba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: yoveli wevri saxelmwifo mxars unda uWerdes sxvadasxva periodis garkveuli raodenobis arqeologiuri Zeglebis nawilo-briv Tu mTlianad xeluxleblad datovebas, im mizniT, rom maTi momavali gaTxrebi Catardes gaumjobesebuli teqnikiT da ukeTesi arqeologiuri codniT. yvela did gaTxrebze, romle-bic axla mimdinareobs, qveynis bunebis da kvalad, is raionebi, romlebic mkafio “mowmobad” gamodgeba, ramodenime adgilas gauTxrelad unda iyos datovebuli im mizniT, rom SesaZle-beli gaxdes gaTxrebis stratigrafiis da arqeologiuri struqturis saboloo verifikacia.

am konteqstSi lozanis qartiis paragrafi � exeba mniSvnelovan sabaziso princips, ro-melic unda gamoyenebuli iyos iseTi teritoriebis mimarT, romelTac saSiSroeba ar emuqre-ba; princips, romelic yvelaferTan erTad xels uwyobs aradamangreveli sacdeli meTodebis gamoyenebas farTomasStabiani gaTxrebis adgilebSi: yvelaze mniSvnelovani principi md-gomareobs imaSi, rom informaciis mopovebam arqeologiuri memkvidreobis Sesaxeb ar unda gaanadguros ufro meti arqeologiuri mowmoba, vidre amas moiTxovs dacviTi an samecmiero kvlevis miznebi. aqedan gamomdinare, yovelnairad xeli unda SevuwyoT aradamangrevel te-qnologiebs, midamos da niadagis Seswavlas da sacdel samuSaoebs yvelgan, sadac ki es Sesa-Zlebeli iqneba da ara farTomasStabian gaTxrebs.

principebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania Zeglis SenarCunebisaTvis zogadad, aseve miesadage-ba arqeologiuri gaTxrebsa da artefaqtebis SenarCunebasac. xSirad obieqtebis Zalze frag-mentuli mdgomareoba saSualebas gvaZlevs SemovifargloT konservaciiT, restavraciisa da renovaciis nacvlad; dasrulebis samuSaoebi tardeba an Zalze Zunwad, an sulac ara. SekeTebis da reabilitaciis sxva problemebi, romlebic warmoiSveba arqiteqturul ZeglebTan dakav-SirebiT, gansakuTrebiT istoriuli Senobis Tanamedrove miznebiT gamoyenebis dros, arqe-ologiuri memkvidreobis menejmentisas umetes SemTxvevebSi moklebulia raime mniSvnelobas. rodesac avTenturi fragmentis Sevseba marTebulad gveCveneba, SesaZlebeli unda iyos Ses-rulebuli samuSaos garCeva, magaliTad, dakavSirebis adgilis an fenis gamoyofiT, an aguris gansxvavebuli zomiT. magaliTad, qvis wyobis damatebiTi fenebi, Sesrulebuli im mizniT, rom xelaxla gamoCndes Sua saukuneebis eklesiis gegma, aseve SeiZleba emsaxurebodes gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili Tavdapirveli saZirkvelis SenarCunebas; oRond, maT ar unda Secvalon

- �0 -

originali. sinamdvileSi, zogierTi gaTxrili adgili, mitovebuli kedlebi, romelTa narCe-nebi TandaTan iSleba, bevrad ufro karg mdgomareobaSi iqneboda, axalad rom daifaros miwis damcveli feniT.

xSirad arqeologiur Zeglebs mnaxvelebs warudgenen, rogorc ̀ xilul istorias~, nawilo-brivi, Tu sruli rekonstruqciis daxmarebiT, rac marTebuli midgomaa manam, sanam istoria ar aris gayalbebuli da Tavdapirveli narCenebi _ faqtiuri Zegli _ ar aris gadaadgile-buli. da marTlac, zog SemTxvaSi rekonstruqcia, romelic yovelTvis unda amoicnobodes rogorc ram axali, SeiZleba agebuli iyos sxva adgilas, ise rom igi safrTxes ar uqmnides arsebul narCenebs. am konteqstSi lozanis qartiis paragrafi 7 acxadebs, rom rekonstruq-cia emsaxureba or ZiriTad funqcias: eqsperimentalur kvlevas da interpretacias. da mainc, igi Sesrulebuli unda iyos didi sifrTxiliT, ise rom aviridoT SemorCenili arqeologiuri mowmobaTa xelyofa, xolo avTenturobis misaRwevad ki gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos yvela wy-arodan mopovebuli mowmobani. Tu es SesaZlebeli da Sesaferisia, rekonstruqcia uSualod arqeologiur naSTebze ar unda daSendes da unda amoicnobodes rogorc aseTi.

rekonstruqciis gansakuTrebuli nairsaxeoba, anastilozi, klasikuri arqeologiis sfer-oSi ganviTarebuli meTodi, Tumca mogvianebiT aseve nawilobriv dangreuli ZeglebisTvis gamoyenebuli), ganxilulia veneciis qartiis paragraf ��-Si: rekonstruqciis yvelanairi samuSaoebi imTaviTve unda gamiricxos. mxolod anastilozi, anu arsebuli gancalkavebuli nawilebis xelaxali montaJi, SeiZleba iyos nebadarTuli. integraciisaTvis gamoyenebuli masala yovelTvis sacnobi unda iyos, xolo misi odenoba unda Seesamebodes im minimums, rac uzrunvelyofs Zeglis konservacias da misi formis aRdgenas. am meTodis Sesabamisad Tlili qvis nagebobis fragmentebi _ magaliTad, berZnuli taZari _ aRmoCenili miwaze, an mis qveS, Sei-Zleba kvlav SeerTebul iqnes; Tavdapirvel konfiguracias gansazRvravs adgili, namuSavebis kvali, xis samagrebis fosoebi da sxv. Tu saZirkveli kvlav arsebobs, is gamoiyeneba imave adgilas. aseTi aRdgena moiTxovs nagebobis Seswavlis winaswar samuSaoebs: nagebobis yvela SemorCenili komponentis inventarizacias, Semdeg maT gaanalizebas da zustad azomvas, rac aisaxeba rekonstruqciis naxazSi, romelsac mcireodeni xarvezi SeiZleba hqondes, ise rom an-astilozisas SesaZlebeli gaxdeba Secdomebis Tavis arideba. aseve unda SemuSavdes teqnikuri gegma xelaxali montaJis dros dazianebebis asacileblad da konservaciis yvela aspeqtis, maT Soris, gamoqarvis gaTvaliswinebiT. da bolos, ganxiluli unda iyos anastilozis didaqti-kuri gegma, sadac momavalSi turistebis mier obieqtis gamoyenebazec unda vizrunvoT.

imisTvis rom originaluri fragmentebi _ kapiteli, antablementis nawili, frontoni da a.S. _ maT Tavdapirvel adgilebze da Tavdapirvel konteqstSi vaCvenoT, rogorc anasti-lozis nawili, ra Tqma unda, saWiroa met-naklebad didi raodenobis droebiTi nagebobebi. fragmentebi anastilozisSi eqvemdebareba mxolod konservacias da miwodebuli unda iyos, rogorc originalebi; isini ar aris Sevsebuli, rogorc es xdeba rekonstruqciis dros, an CarTuli nawilobriv Tu mTlian rekonstruqciaSi. anastilozi SeuZlebeli xdeba, Tu origi-naluri fragmentebi metismetad mwirea da damxmare nagebobaze erTgvar `mosarTavadRa~ ga-moCndeboda. anastilozi, midgoma, romelic garkveul pirobebSi marTlac emsaxureba Tavda-pirveli masalis dacvas, aseve warmoaCens fragmentis gansakuTrebul rols arqeologiuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebisas.

da bolos, kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos arqeologiuri Zeglebis yovelmxrivi aRnusxvisa da inventarizaciis aucilebloba, rogorc arqeologiuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi moTxovna, rac ganxilulia lozanis qartiis paragraf �-Si: arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dac-va unda emyarebodes misi masStabebis da raobis SesaZlo yovelmxriv codnas. Sesabamisad, ar-qeologiuri simdidris zogadi Seswavla warmoadgens ZiriTad samuSao iaraRs arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvis strategiis SemuSavebisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, winaswari arqeologi-uri kvleva unda iyos mTavari valdebuleba arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvasa da menejmen-tisaTvis. paragraf �-is Tanaxmad, amaSi Sedis Sesabamisi angariSebi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb: angariSi Sedgenili miRebuli standartebis Tanaxmad xelmisawvdomi unda iyos samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis da Setanili Sesabamis reestrSi, gaTxrebis daskvnebis das-rulebidab gonivrul vadebSi _ sruliad gasagebi survili, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT samec-niero angariSebs, romlebic `gonivrul vadebSi~ ar mogvewodeba da romelTa lodini xSirad sakmaod did xans gviwevs. ufro metic, TiTqmis gardauvali mravalricxovani saswrafo da ga-darCenis mizniT Catarebuli gaTxrebis gamo, rasac Tan sdevs uamravi `sapublikacoi vali~ da artefaqsebis uricxvi maragi, naTeli unda iyos, rom axla, vidre odesme ufro mniSvnelovania davicvaT Carevisagan Cveni arqeologiuri Zeglebi. saboloo jamSi ki gaTxrebi Sesabamisi samec-niro publikaciebis da aRmoCenebis konservaciis gareSe sruliad usargebloa.

- �� -

kvlav da kvlav unda gaesvas xazi arqeologiuri memkvidreobis menejmentisas Catarebu-li yvela saxis samuSaos yovelmxrivi dokumentaciis da mecnieruli publikaciis mniSvnelo-bas. dokumentacia da publikacia sruliad aucilebelia, radgan yoveli warmoebuli gaTxra sinamdvileSi warmoadgens Seuqcevad Carevas, romelic nawilobriv, an mTlianad anadgurebs arqeologiur Zegls; marTlac, bevr SemTxvevaSi gaTxrebis dasrulebis Semdeg Zegli, ar-tefaqtebis gareSe, arsebobs mxolod mecnieruli aRwerilobebis da analizis formiT da ara rogorc dauzianebeli istoriuli qsovili. am mdgomareobidan gamomdinareobs principi: aranairi gaTxrebi mecnieruli dokumentaciis gareSe. garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, mecnieruli publikaciebi, romlebic aRweren muSaobis yovel etaps da amiT SesaZlebels xdian virtua-lurad aRvadginoT Zegli gadarCenil artefaqtebTan erTad, unda Seenacvlos originalur Zegls. gaTxrebis dokumentacia unda Seicavdes informacias sxvadsxva epoqebis erTmaneTze dadebuli fenebis da mSeneblobis sxvadasxva etapebis Sesaxeb; istoriis TiToeuli nakvalevi unda gaxdes seriozuli ganxilvis sagani. ar SeiZleba romelime fenis Rrma Seswavla, xolo meores uyuradRebod datoveba; magaliTad, klasikuri periodis arqeologma moufrTxile-blad ar unda moaSoros bizantiuri narCenebi, da arc preistoriul xanaSi momuSavem datovos uyuradRebod Sua saukuneebis narCenebi, rac mniSvnelovania am periodiT dainteresebuli arqeologisaTvis.

naTelia, rom yvela istoriuli epoqis ganaTxar artefaqtebs unda CautardeT konservacia. arqeologiuri aRmoCenebis konservacia _ keramikuli natexebis aRdgena, nestian miwaSi aR-moCenili xis nakeTobebis gadarCena, an Jangisagan praqtikulad Znelad sacnobi metalis arte-faqtebi, romlebic swrafad da mTlianad ganadgurdebian konservaciuli mkurnalobis gareSe _ aseve warmoadgens ganaTxari masalis marTebulad gamoqveynebis aucilebel winapirobas. SemdgomSi, mas Semdeg rac Catardeba maTi mecnieruli mkurnaloba, artefaqtebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli jgufebi ki ar unda gavacalkevoT da mimovfantoT sxvadasxva koleqciebSi, ar-amed unda movaTavsoT konkretuli raionis maxlobel muzeumSi ise, rom SenarCunebuli iyos mniSvnelovani kavSiri Zeglis Tavdapirveli mdebareobis adgilTan raRac zomamde mainc.

istoriuli raionebi (ansamblebi)

veneciis qartia gansazRvravs Zeglebsa da RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs farTo gagebiT da dawvrilebiT ganixilavs ara marto calkeul Zeglebs, aramed maT garemomcvel pirobebsac: paragraf �-Si naTqvamia, rom istoriuli Zeglis koncepcia gulisxmobs ara marto arqiteq-turul namuSevars, aramed qalaqis Tu soflis garemos..., rac paragraf �-Tan erTad (sadac ki arsebobs tradiciuli garemo, igi daculi unda iyos) SeiZleba gagebuli iyos, rogorc miTiTeba ansamblis dacvaze. veneciis qartiaSi ansamblebis dacva jer ar TamaSobs gadamwyvet rols, rac miRebulia ��7� wlis evropuli memkvidreobis konservacia/SenarCunebis TeoriaSi. ufro metic, paragrafi �� `istoriuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis~ Sesaxeb miuTiTebs, rom rodesac saqme exeba konservaciasa da restavracias, veneciis qartiis igive paragrafebi exeba calkeul Zeglebs: Zeglebis garemo unda iyos gansakuTrebuli movlis sagani im mizniT, rom uzrunvelvyoT misi mTlianobis usafrTxoeba da davrwmundeT, rom es garemo dasufTavebu-lia da lamazad gamoiyureba. aseT adgilebSi Catarebuli sakonservacio da sarestavracio samuSaoebi motivirebuli unda iyos im principebiT, romlebic formulirebulia wina para-grafebSi. aq `Zeglis midamoebSi~ igulisxmeba ara marto arqeologiuri teritoriebi, aramed Senobebis jgufebi, ansamblebi, didi Tu patara istoriuli raionebi, istoriuli soflebi da qalaqebi. imaze, rom veneciis qartiis avtorebs kargad esmodaT istoriuli centrebis prob-lemebi, miuTiTebs �� wels istoriuli Zeglebis arqiteqtorebisa da teqnikuri muSakebis imave saerTaSoriso kongresis mier gancxadebuli `moZraoba istoriuli centrebis dacvisa da reabilitaciisaTvis.~ da mainc, Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis mniSvnelovani kat-egoriis mimarT qartiaSi gakeTebuli iSviaTi miTiTebebis SuqSi, istoriuli qalaqebis da qalaquri raionebis konservaciis qartia (vaSingtonis ��7 wlis qartia), miRebuli ikomosi-s generaluri asambleis mier vaSingtonSi, warmoadgenda mniSvnelovan aucilebel nabijs, ga-dadgmuls aseTi qalaqebis da raionebis dacvis, konservaciisa da restavraciisaTvis, iseve rogorc maTi ganviTarebisa da harmoniuli adaptaciisaTvis Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi. garda sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebisa, am dokuments win uZRvoda iunesko-s rekomendacia isto-riuli raionebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa da Tanamedrove rolis Sesaxeb (varSava-nai-robi, ��7�).

- �� -

Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis sxva kategoriebi

kidev erTi aucilebeli damateba, rac gulisxmobs Zeglebis im kategoriebs, romelnic ar aris saTanadod aRniSnuli veneciis qaetiaSi, ganxilulia �� wlis florenciis qartiaSi da exeba istoriuli baRebis SenarCunebas: rogorc Zegli, istoriuli baRi unda SenarCunebuli iyos veneciis qartiis suliskveTebis Tanaxmad. Tumca, radgan igi warmoadgens cocxal Zegls, misi movla-patronoba unda tardebodes gansakuTrebuli wesebis mixedviT, rac warmoadgens mocemuli qartiis ganxilvis Temas (florenciis qartia, paragrafi �). soflis nagebi memkvi-dreobis qartia, ratificirebuli ikomos-is generaluri asambleis mier mexikoSi, �� wels, aseve miCneuli unda iyos veneciis qartiis damatebad. ufro metic, axlo momavalSi unda movelodeT, rom ikomos-i da misi saerTaSoriso samecniero komitetebi miiReben qartiebs, romlebic Seexeba kulturul landSaftebs da kulturul marSrutebs da, albaT, aseve àxali memkvidreobis~ mimdinare sakiTxebs, XX saukunis memkvidreobas, risi dokumentacia da Senar-Cuneba sruliad aucilebelia.

V. Seqcevadobis arCevani

termini Seqcevadoba, romelic veneciis qartiamde aravis uxsenebia, droTa ganmavlobaSi sruliad Cveulebrivi gaxda yvela saxis konservaciis, restavraciis da ganaxlebis sakiTxebT-an da konservaciisa da Zeglis SenarCunebis yvela im RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT, rac wina TavebSia ganxiluli. faqtia, rom Cveni Zeglebi, mTeli maTi cvlilebebiT da damatebebiT, rom-lebic istoriuli Senobis nawiladaa aRiarebuli, warmoadgens istoriis Seuqcevadi procesis Sedegs. maTi àsakobrivi faseuloba~ aseve warmoadgens daZvelebis met-naklebad Seuqcevadi procesis Sedegs. gana SeiZleba sakamaTo iyos daZvelebis `bunebrivi~ procesis (sakavnZo si-tyva ̀ patina~) Seqcevadoba, an Zeglis gaaxalgazrdaveba, misTvis ̀ Tavdapirveli brwyinvalebis~ dabruneba, rac aseTi siyvaruliT aris xolme aRniSnuli restavraciis Semdeg. aq SeiZleba vilaparoT mxolod mdgomareobis àrabunebrivi~ gauaresebis SeCerebaze (magaliTad, garemo daWuWyianebis zegavlenis), an safrTxeebis Tavidan aridebaze, da ubralod yvelafris gakeTe-baze imisTvis, rom nebismieri intervencia, gamowveuli iqneba es konkretuli saWiro mizeze-biT, Tu gardauvali aucileblobiT, Catardes ise, rom igi ramdenadac SesaZlebelia `Seqceva-di~ iyos. ̀ Seqcevadoba~ Zeglis SenarCunebis saqmeSi, rogorc pirvandeli mdgomareobis aRdge-nis SesaZleblobis arCevani, niSnavs miiRo `naklebi zianis momtani~ (xandaxan ubralod ufro gonieri) gadawyvetileba da Tavi aarido Seuqcevad intervencias, romelic xSirad mTavrdeba Zeglis, rogorc istoriuli sabuTis dakargviT.

am TvalsazrisiT Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoT Seqcevadobis arCevanze Zeglis SenarCunebis ramdenime Tanamedrove principis konteqstSi, rac Camoyalibebulia veneciis qartiaSi. Zeg-lis movlasTan mimarTebaSi arsebobs RonisZiebebi, romlebic uwyvetad unda tardebodes, da, amgvarad, garkveul donemde isini Seqcevadia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garkveuli donis Seqceva-doba agreTve garantirebulia SekeTebis samuSaoebis drosac, Tu SekeTebis mniSvnelovani principebi, rac gulisxmobs tradiciuli masalebis da teqnologiebis gamoyenebas gaTval-iswinebulia. magaliTad, im SekeTebebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic momavalSi kvlav saWiro xdeba, an gamowveulia gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebiT, SekeTebis samuSao, romelic Sez-Rudulia mxolod aucilebeliT, ufro SesaZlebelia iyos Seqcevadi, vidre iqneboda yvela komponentebis ganaxleba axali masalebis da teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. salaparakoc ar aris, rom `Tavidan fexebamde~ reabilitirebuli istoriuli nageboba, sadac SekeTebis yvela prin-cipia ugulebelyofili, kargavs istoriuli mowmobis mniSvnelobas, Tundac ar moxdes misi dangreva. imdenad ramdenadac tradiciuli SekeTebis samuSaoebi ifargleba gacveTili Zveli masalebis axliT SecvliT mxolod namdvilad dazianebul adgilebSi, Seqcevadobis arCev-ani ZiriTadad exeba `SekeTebis SesaZleblobis~ (ganmeorebadi `SekeTebuloba~) SenarCunebas. am TvalsazrisiT sakaTedro taZris qvebis Secvla, romelic ganixileba, rogorc ùwyveti SekeTebis samuSaoebi~ SesaZlebelia miviCnioT `Seqcevad~ RonisZiebad (Tu igi orientirebu-lia arsebul formebze, masalebze da ostatobaze), Tumca bunebrivia, rom Tavdapirveli masa-lis ganuwyveteli kargva TavisTavad Seuqcevadi procesia.

reversiulobis principi aseve iqneba Zalze sasargeblo sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis

- �� -

Sefasebisas. magaliTad, tixari, aucilebeli Senobis gamoyenebisaTvis, SeiZleba `Seqcevadad~ iyos CarTuli, rogorc msubuqi konstruqcia kedelsa da WerSi seriozuli intervenciis gar-eSe, da, amgvarad, momavali cvlilebebis dros SeiZleba siZneleebis gareSe iyos moSorebuli. igive SeiZleba iTqvas interieris zogierT saWiro aRWurvilobaze istoriul sivrceSi (magal-iTad, konstruqciis sanitaruli elementebi), rac msgavsad àvejisa~ SesaZlebelia Seqcevadi iyos. am TvalsazrisiT Zeglis SenarCunebis momxreebma yovelTvis unda dasvan kritikuli kiTxva: ratom unda gadakeTdes gadaxurvis struqtura betonis `kubos msgavs saxuravad,~ romelic tvirTad awevs nagebobis mTel konstruqciul sistemas, ratom unda iyos eklesiis mTeli fundamenti Seuqcevadad Secvlili betoniT? aucilebelia istoriul qsovilSi Tavi-dan bolomde Careva Senobis SenarCunebisaTvis? gana ar arsebobs sakiTxis gadawyvetis ufro martivi, nakleb radikaluri da, albaT, ufro gonieri gza? ufro farTo perspeqtivaSi, axali nageboba, romelic moergeba Zveli qalaqis garemos, romelsac sareabilitacio samuSaoebi utardeba _ zomieri gadawyvetileba, dayvanili aucilebel minimumamde _ ufro Seqcevadad gamoiyureba, vidre iseTi konstruqcia, rogoric aris manqanebis sadgomi, an mravalsarTu-liani saxli, romelic samudamod angrevs qalaqur struqturas da iseT dazianebebs iwvevs, rac Zeglis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT veRarasdros gamoswordeba.

Seqcevadobis principi aseve gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos usafrTxoebis axali teqnol-ogiebis sferoSic (teqnologiebi, romelic konservaciis miznebisaTvis aucilebelia masa-lebisa da SenobaTa SenarCunebisaTvis), rodesac intervencia, rogoricaa samagri detalebi, lursmnebi, statikuri damxmare konstruqciebi da sxva xSirad ùxilavi~, magram miuxedavad amisa, mainc Zalze mniSvnelovani; magaliTad, damxmare konstruqcia, romlis moxsna momavalSi SesaZlebelia da romelic gamoaCens eqsterieris qvis kedlis istoriul wyobas an gadaxurvis struqturas. met-naklebi Seqcevadobis Sedegi mniSvnelovan rols Seasrulebs TiTqosda xe-losnuri SekeTebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sefasebisas, rogorc usafrTxo axali teqnologiebis sapirwone, ganurCevlad misi fasisa, efeqtiurobis xangZlivobisa da a.S. mag-aliTad, qviSaqvis figuris gamagreba kaJmiwa mJavas rTul eTerSi Cawobis gziT, an akrilis fisiT sruli gaJRenTviT ubralod gardauvali imitom, rom sxva alternativa ar arsebobs, an iqneb met-naklebad hipoTetur `Seqcevadobas~ mivdioT da umjobesia ganvixiloT `SeTavseba-dobis~ sxvadasxva xarisxebi? SeTavsebadi (e.i. romelic Tavisi bunebiT Seefereba Tavdapirvel masalas), àradamazianebeli~ masaliT Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, rac konservaciis da restavraciis samuSaoebis dros emsaxureba Zeglis gamagrebas da Sevsebas, dasaSvebia misi, rogorc `Seqcev-adi~ masalis gamoyeneba.

xelovnebis nawarmoebze Catarebuli yvela saxis sakonservacio samuSaoebis dros _ pan-oebze mxatvrobis fenebis gamagreba, daWianebuli xis qandakebis mkurnaloba da sxva _ gamoy-enebuli masala aucileblad unda Semowmdes Seqcevadobis TvalsazrisiT; xandaxan upirate-soba eniWeba frTxili intervenciiT `sicocxlis SenarCunebas,~ rac, rogorc wesi, naklebad xangrZlivia, magram garkveul donemde Seqcevadia. es damokidebulia im masalebis gamoyeneba-zec, romlisTvisac mudam xelTaa Seqcevadobis procedurad raime saxis `SxamsawinaaRmdego~ saSualeba. amgvarad, Tu Zeglis zedapirze vlindeba araerTi daSavebuli adgili, unda gves-modes, rom ufro Zveli daSavebuli adgilis `xelaxali gamomzeureba~ niSnavs _ Seuqcevadad _ ufro axali, Tumca aseve ìstoriuli~ daSavebuli adgilis moSorebas; rom faqtiurad, xe-laxali gamomzeureba ar unda iyos winaswar miRebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed gamarTlebuli iqneba yovelmxrivi analizis Semdeg, rac mxars miscems mas, rogorc `didi istoriuli, arqe-ologiuri da esTetikuri Rirebulebis~ mqones, rogorc es naTqvamia veneciis qartiaSi. is-eTma ùvnebelma~ RonisZiebamac ki, rogoricaa lakis gayviTlebuli fenis moSoreba, romelic ciklur ganaxlebiT samuSaoebTa TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa `Seqcevadad~ mogveCvenos, SeiZleba gamoiwvios mxatvrobis fenis Seuqcevadi dazianebebi. Seqcevadobis moTxovna kidev ufro mniS-vnelovani xdeba, rodesac saqme restavraciul damatebebs exeba. axalsa da istoriul qsovils Soris warmoCenili ̀ naiarevis~ saTanado da frTxili mkurnalobiT Cven SevZlebT vilaparakoT TiTqmis srul Seqcevadobaze, magaliTad, mxatvrobis dazianebuli adgilis wylis saRebavebiT dafarva, risi moSorebac SemdgomSi advilad iqneba SesaZlebeli. zustad iseve, rogorc Cven vlaparakobT Seqcevadobaze im TvalsazrisiT, rom `gqondes xelaxali SekeTebis saSualeba~, aqac Cveni sazrunavia xelaxali konservaciisa da restavraciis SesaZlebloba avirCioT, maqsi-malurad mcire danakargebiT.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom `Seqcevadobis debatebi~ inicirebuli iyo ZiriTadad ferweris restavraciis literaturaSi: savaraudoa, rom ferweris restavratorebs yovelTvis aRiz-ianebdaT Tavisi kolegebi maTTvis daSvebuli Seuqcevadi intervenciiT, rogorc axlo, ise Soreul warsulSic. magram Tundac restavraciis istoria bevr SemTxvevebSi warmoadgendes

- �� -

gauaresebis sagangaSo process, man mainc ar unda misces TavisTavs ufleba iyos Seqcevadi ̀ de-restavraciis~ TvalsazrisiT. imedi unda gvqondes, rom restavratori frTxilad moekideba axlad dadebul saRebavis fenas an raime damatebebs, rac ukve gaxda ìstoriuli qsovilis~ nawili, TiTqos es adre iyo gakeTebuli da ise `Seqcevadad~, rogorc dRes Cven moviTxovT msgavsi samuSaoebisagan _ samuSaoebisagan, romlebic Riad unda iyos datovebuli, rom Cvenma momavalma kolegebma SesZlon Secdomebis gamosworeba, radgan isini aRWurvilni iqnebian uke-Tesi teqnologiebiT da albaT, ukeTesi codniT. garda sakonservacio da sarestavracio sa-muSaoebis mimarTebaSi SemoTavazebuli Seqcevadobis arCevanisa, es midgoma aseve sasargeblo iqneba aRdgeniTi samuSaoebisasac. zedapiris aRdgena, albaT, aris erTaderTi saSualeba, rom ara marto SevinarCunoT Zeglis arqiteqturuli garegnoba, aramed axali `damcveli safaris~ qveS davicvaT SemorCenili istoriuli qsovili ise, rogorc igi adre iyo _ im pirobiT Tu es damcveli safari (magaliTad, saRebavis axali fenis datana istoriuli wyaroebis Sesabamisad) Seqcevadia; e.i. originalis ganaxlebadi xelaxali warmoCena iqneba iseve SesaZlebeli, rogorc ganaxlebadi aRdgena (kvlav arsebobdes xelaxali aRdgenis saSualeba).

maSinac ki, rodesac Seqcevadobis principi kanonierad Sedis ZalaSi, igi gulisxmobs ara mTlian Seqcevadobas, aramed met-naklebad WeSmariti Seqcevadobis variantebs, Tu samuSao ar aris sruliad Seuqcevadi da xasiaTdeba, rogorc Seqcevadi `garkveul donemde.~ amgvarad, arsebobs mkafio gansxvaveba Teoriulad damajerebel da praqtikulad ganxorcielebad Se-qcevadobas Soris. am konteqstSi Zeglis SenarCunebis praqtikaSi Zalze sasargeblo mizani SeiZleba iyos SesaZlebloba ganmeorebiT Catardes garkveuli RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa ukve zemod xsenebuli xelaxali SekeTebis, xelaxali konservaciis, xelaxali restavraciis, xelax-ali aRdgenis da xelaxali damatebebis SesaZlebloba: Zegli, romelic unda gadarCes sauku-neebis manZilze, miuxedavad misi àsakobrivi faseulobis~ zrdisa, verasdros iqneba mxolod èrTxel da samudamod~ SekeTebuli da restavrirebuli, rogorc SeiZleba vinme SiSobdes, gamomdinare Cveni drois `veluri~ perfeqcionizmidan, rasac, bunebrivia araferi aqvs saerTo Zeglis SenarCunebis sferosTan.

da bolos, iseve, rogorc Zeglis SenarCunebis sxva xerxebi, Seqcevadobis Sedegi bune-brivia, daqvemdebrebuli unda iyos konservaciis princips, rogorc umTavres dogmas; sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Zeglis SenarCunebaSi aseve unda arsebobdes winaswar ganzraxuli an gardauvali Seuqcevadoba, Seuqcevadi intervencia, rogorc Zeglis SenarCunebis erTaderTi saSualeba. da mainc, gadawyvetilebis miRebas Seqcevadobis Tu Seuqcevadobis Taobaze win unda uZRvodes winaswari kvleviTi samuSaoebi; kvleva, romelic moicavs sarestavracio aR-moCenebs, iseve rogorc nagebobis Seswavlas, romlis `xelovnebas~ unda ZaluZdes mcire ufaq-izesi intervenciebiT gavides fons. ufro metic, kvleviTi samuSaoebi momavalSi kvlav da kvlav unda meordebodes, raTa vakontroloT Sedegebi da mudmivad SevitanoT Sesworebebi.

VI. Zeglis SenarCunebis pluralistuli midgoma veneciis qartiis miRebidan 40 wlis Semdeg

veneciis qartiis miRebidan ocdaaTi wlis Semdeg ikomos-ma gamoaqveyna samecniero Ju-rnali (The Venice Charter/ La Charte de Venise 1964-1994). Jurnali, sxva masalasTan erTad Seicavs ikomos-is me-� generalur asambleasTan dakavSirebul lozanis saerTaSoriso sim-poziumis Semajamebel moxsenebas. simpoziumis ganxilvis Tema iyo veneciis qartiis aqtua-loba. moxseneba xazs usvavs saWiroebas Seiqmnas samuSao jgufi, romelic ganixilavs veneciis qartiis doqtrinas, Teorias da komentarebs da askvnis: Cven vadasturebT, rom veneciis qar-tia warmoadgens istoriul Zegls, romelic unda davicvaT da SevinarCunoT. igi ar saWiroebs arc restavraciasa da aRdgenas da arc rekonstruqcias. rac Seexeba momavals, arsebobs azri, rom unda gakeTdes komentarebi, an Sedges paraleluri teqsti raTa warmovadginoT inter-disciplinaruli regionaluri da erovnuli perspeqtivebi, risi mizanic unda iyos momavali Taobebis da momavali saukunis saWiroebaTa ukeTesi gadawyveta. qartia unda ganixilebodes filosofiur da Ria perspeqtivaSi da ara rogorc viwro specializaciis an teqnikuri mniS-vnelobis mqone dokumenti. igive publikacia aseve Seicavs veneciis qartiis mimoxilvas, ro-melic dawerilia kevat erderis mier ��77 wels: cota xnis winandeli reaqcia... gviCvenebs,

- �� -

rom veneciis qartia srulad ver pasuxobs Tanamedrove sazogadoebis moTxovnebs. qartiis momxreebi da kritikosebi SeiZleba davajgufoT sam ZiriTad damoukidebel banakad. erTi banaki savsebiT iziarebs veneciis qartiis Tvalsazriss. amave banakSi Sedian isinic, vinc mx-ars uWers veneciis qartias im pirobiT, Tu arsebul dokuments danarTebis saxiT daemateba regionaluri qartiebi. meore banaki ayenebs winadadebas Seicvalos is paragrafebi, romlebic ver pasuxobs dRevandel moTxovnebs da maTi adgili Seivsos axali paragrafebiT. mesame ki daJinebiT moiTxovs veneciis qartiis axali qartiiT Secvlas.

veneciis qartia axla, �0 wlis Semdeg rom daweriliyo, aseT kritikas ar gamoiwvevda. es SeiZleba imasTan iyos dakavSirebuli, rom es dokumenti, am droisaTvis bevr enaze Targmnili, cnobili da dafasebuli mTel msoflioSi, miCneulia istoriul dokumentad, romelic araf-riT SeiZleba Sesworebuli iyos. termini `Zeglis~ miseuli farTo gansazRvrebis wyalobiT, qartia advilad SeiZleba integrirebuli iyos konservacia/SenarCunebis saerTaSoriso Teor-iisa da praqtikis samyaroSi miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT kulturuli memkvidreobis gansazRvrebebi Sors gascda �0 wlis winandels. ufro metic, miznebi da SesaZleblobebi, rom-lebic eTanadeba iseT sakvanZo sityvebs, rogoricaa `SekeTeba,~ `reabilitacia,~ `rekonstruq-cia~ da `Seqcevadoba~ qmnian Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis usafrTxoebis dacvis axal perspeqtivebs da movaleobebis axal sferoebs im kategoriebis Zeglebis SenarCunebisaT-vis, romlebic veneciis qartiaSi an gakvriT arian miTiTebuli, an sulac araa naxsenebi.

“kulturuli mravalferovnebis da memkvidreobiTi mravalferovnebis~ Sesabamisad, rac naras dokumentSi mkafiodaa xazgasmuli, didad misasalmebelia dacvisa da konservaciis re-gionaluri principebi, ris magaliTs warmoadgens ��7� wlis buras dokumenti (kulturuli mniSvnelobis mqone adgilebis avstraliis ikomos-is qartia), romelic ukve araerTxel aris Sesworebuli. rogorc Cans, am pirobebSi imisTvis rom mTel msoflioSi SevinarCunoT Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi `maTi avTenturobis mTeli sisavsiT,~ rogorc es naTqvamia vene-ciis qartiaSi, pluralistuli midgoma, romelic mxedvelobaSi miiRebs Zeglis SenarCunebis regionalur tradiciebs, friad saWirboroto xdeba. yoveli mxridan momavali saSiSroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac Cven kulturul memkvidreobas emuqreba, kamaTi, aucilebeli yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, araa saWiro principebze `dogmatur brZolad~ gadaiqces. nacvlad amisa, mniSvnelovania gadavarCinoT is, risi gadarCenac Segvi-Zlia Cveni SesaZleblobebis farglebSi. ra Tqma unda, winapirobebi xSirad didad gansxvavebu-lia da damokidebulia ZeglTa dacvis arsebul Tu ar arsebul kanonebze da efeqtur menej-mentze, iseve rogorc yvela monawile mxaris SemarTebasa da konservaciis profesionalizmis xarisxze.

konservaciis aucilebeli pluralistuli midgomis CarCoebSi veneciis qartia, ikomos-is fundamenturi dokumenti, momavalSic iqneba Cveni muSaobis Teoriisa da praqtikis erT-erTi yvelaze avtoritetuli saxelmZRvanelo. magram swored amitom, Cven ar unda uarvyoT, rom dRevandeli gadasaxedidan veneciis qartia, rogorc istoriuli dokumenti dakavSirebulia konkretul periodTan: garkveuli TvalsazrisiT veneciis qartia warmoadgens Tavisi drois amsaxvel sabuTs da, aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroebs ara marto damatebebs garkveul sakiTxeb-Si _ damatebebs, romlebic bevr sferoSi ukve ganxorcielebulia, aramed aseve periodul ganmartebas. misi SemuSavebis istoriis saTave parizis ��7 wlis arqiteqtorebisa da isto-riuli nagebobebis mkvlevarebis pirveli saerTaSoriso kongresi da istoriuli nagebobebis dacvis specialistebis im Sexvedris Sedegebia, romelic organizebuli iyo muzeumebis saer-TaSoriso sammarTvelos mier aTenis konferenciaze, anu aTenis qartia, romelic ukve ramden-jerme iyo naxsenebi. garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, veneciis qartiis zogierTi mosazreba viTarde-boda ��0-�0-ian wlebSi àxali moZraobis~ mier gamoTqmul dakvirvebaTa paralelurad, ix., magaliTad, �� wlis siam-is (Congres Internationaux d’Archirecture Moderne, dafuZnebuli �� wels) cnobili aTenis qartia. im dros siam-ma Camoayaliba axali qalaquri gegmarebis wesebi, raSic le korbuziesac miuZRvis garkveuli wvlili.

veneciis qartiis SemTxvevaSic konservaciis Teoria da praqtika, ise rogorc isini gan-viTarda XIX saukunidan moyolebuli, unda ganixilebodes mWidro kavSirSi Sesabamis àxal~ arqiteqturasTan. XIX saukunis konservaciis praqtika evropaSi, `romantizmis pirmSo”, ro-melic warmoiSva safrangeTis revoluciis da sekularizaciis pirveli umowyalo damangrev-eli talRis sapirispirod, unda ganixilebodes `restavraciasa~ da àxlis Seqmnas~ Soris ra-Rac gardamavalad, rac imiT ganisazRvreba, rom istorizmis arqiteqturis wyalobiT ìsto-riuli stilebis~ arsenali iolad xelmisawvdomi gaxda. amgvarad, XIX saukuneSi, miuxedavad iseTi pirovnebebis gafrTxilebisa, rogorebic iyvnen jon raskini da uiliam morisi, ZeglTa dacvis arqiteqtorebs Soris umravlesoba savsebiT uWerda mxars òriginaluri~ formisa

- �� -

da Canafiqris fiqcias, da `sufTa stilis~ da `stilis erTianobis~ ideebs da yvela mog-viano gadakeTebas ugulvelyofda. am gayalbebas maT Seswires ara marto drois nakvalevi, aramed istoriuli fenebic, romelTac evolucia ganicades saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, zus-tad restavraciis viole-le-diukis cnobili formulirebis Tanaxmad: `Restaurer un èdifice, ce n’est pas l’entretenir, le réparer ou le refaire, c’est le rétablir dans un état complet qui peut n’avoir jamais existé à un moment donne” (Zeglis restavrireba ar niSnavs mis SenarCunebas, SekeTebas an xelaxal agebas; es aris misi aRdgena im srulyofili mdgomareobis saxiT, romelic SesaZloa arc rodis arsebula). XX saukunis `klasikuri~ konservaciis praqtika, saukunis damdegs, XIX s-is `restavraciis gamocdilebis gadaWriT ukugdebis kvalad, koncentrirebuli iyo mxat-vruli da istoriuli Rirebulebis mqone Zeglebis sufTa konservaciaze. amave dros, axalma moZraobam uaryo yvela saxis ̀ istoriuli balasti,~ mxari dauWira ra ̀ wminda~, yvelaze martiv ornaments moklebul formas, rogorc axali Sesabamisi funqciis gamoxatvas (`forma Seesab-ameba funqcias~), winaaRmdeg ZvelTagan, ìstoriis sabuTad~ gadmonarCunebuli formisa. aseT pirobebSi `sufTa~ arqiteqtura da `sufTa~ konservacia erTmaneTis kontrastad Tu iarse-bebda, oRond orTav `patiosnebiTa~ da `masalisadmi samarTlianobiT~ xelmZRvanelobda, _ es gaxldaT kidec àxali moZraobis~ sakvanZo sityvebi, romlebic dResac SeiZleba gavigoT konservaciis samuSaoebze kamaTis dros, Tumca isini naklebad miesadageba istoriuli arqite-qturis movla-patronobas.

yvelafer amis gaTvaliswinebiT, veneciis qartiis zogierT paragrafs atyvia misi daweris droisaTvis tipuri damokidebuleba, isini asaxavs im periods, romelic ara marto Zalze kri-tikulad iyo ganwyobili istorizmis xanis restavraciis, aramed zogadad misi arqiteqturis mimarTac. TviT TvalsaCino ZeglTa dacvis specialistebmac ki an gawmindes arqiteqturul mowmobaTa umravlesoba, an mTlianad gaanadgures isini _ nagebobebi, romlebic droTa ganma-vlobaSi TviTon miaRwevdnen Zeglis statuss. georg deios (igi ��00 w-is axlos aRmocenebuli ZeglTa `klasikuri~ konservaciis erT-erTi damfuZnebelTagania) cnobili devizis `daicavi, nu aRadgen~ gaTvaliswinebiT gasagebi xdeba veneciis qartiis sifrTxile restavraciis mimarT, romelic mxolod gamonakliss unda warmoadgendes (paragrafi �), iseve rogorc `ganaxlebis~ uaryofa, misi sakmaod `farisevluri~ damokidebuleba Canacvlebisadmi (paragrafi ��) da ufro metic, rekonstruqciis mimarT (paragrafi ��). am mxriv modernistuli TvalsazrisiT Zalze macdunebeli iyo veneciis qartiis garkveuli paragrafebiT manipulireba sakuTari ar-qiteqturuli kanonebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, paragrafi ��, rogorc nebismieri saxis rekon-struqciis viTomcda akrZalva, an paragrafi �, romelic viTomc brZanebs, yvela Zegls upovo misi funqcia, Tundac es axali funqcia iwvevdes mniSvnelovan danakargebs.

amgvarad, Cven unda ganvixiloT veneciis qartia, rogorc istoriuli dokumenti, romelic XIX-XX ss-is mijnaze ìstorizmis~ sarestavracio praqtikis sapirispirod ganviTarebuli ZeglTa `klasikuri~ konservaciis Tanaxmieria. SeiniSneba aseve garkveuli kavSiri àxal moZ-raobasTan~, romelic ��0-iani wlebisaTvis dagaizarda `saerTaSoriso stilSi~ da gadalaxa yvela politikuri sazRvari da socialuri sistema. aqedan gamomdinare, ��70-ian wlebSi axali arqiteqturis kriziss, rac gamoixata egreT wodebuli post-modernizmis warmoSobiT, aseve unda gavlena moexdina istoriul arqiteqturasTan mopyrobis praqtikaze. bolo aTwleulebis arqiteqturis mravalma mimarTulebam marTlac Seqmna axali perspeqtivebi istoriuli garemos mimarT sxvadasxvagvari midgomis SesaZlebobis CaTvliT, rac gulisxmobs ara marto formisa da masalis ubralo kontrasts, aramed STagonebis wyarod istoriuli arqiteqturis gamoyene-basac ki. am konteqstSi Seiqmna istoriuli arqiteqturis SenarCunebis axali SesaZleblobebi. ufro metic, urTierTmimarTeba istoriul arqiteqturasTan ganixileba, rogorc erTgvari `Senebis skola~, rogorc SekeTebis mdgradi ganviTarebis SesaZleboba, rac specialisteb-ma unda gamoiyenon rogorc pluralistuli midgoma, yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis sxvadsxva kategoriebze morgebuli, regionaluri tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

aseTi pluralistuli midgomisas Zeglis yvela Rirebuleba mxedvelobaSi unda iyos ise miRebuli, rogorc es �00 wlis win SemogvTavaza Tavis wignSi `ZeglTa Tanamedrove kulti~ (��0�w.) alois riglma, Camoayaliba ra sistema `memorialuri~ da `sadReiso~ Rirebulebebisa, axlac sargo da ufro marjve, vidre materialur/aramaterialur, Tu xelSesaxeb/xelSeuxebad Rirebulebebis sakiTxebi. maSin, rodesac veneciis qartiam ver SeZlo bolomde ganTavisufle-buliyo istoriuli nivTieri Sedgenilobis ramdenadme calmxrivi kultisgan _ e.i. avTenturi masalis rolis xazgasmisagan _ naras dokumentma bevrad ufro mravalmxrivad aRwera avTen-turi Rirebulebebi, Zeglebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis avTentur sulierebasTan erTad, vidre xelSesaxebi da xelSeuxebadi Rirebulebebis Soris Zalze martivi gansxvavebis Taobaze

- �7 -

kamaTisas xdeba. avTentur sulierebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba gavixsenoT valter beniami-nis mier xelovnebis nawarmoebze naTqvami _ is saubrobs sulier gzavnilze, rac gamoxatulia yoveli Zeglis da yoveli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis `nakvalevsa~ da àuraSi.~ aq nakvalevi gu-lisxmobs nagebobis istorias, rac gamoxatulia wlebiT damCneuli kvaliT, `drois naiareve-biT.~ aura gulisxmobs ara marto saxelganTqmul qmnilebaTa auras, aramed ufro mokrZa-lebuli istoriuli Zeglis aurasac, auras, romelic arsebobs ìn situ,” im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac Zegli ukve ganadgurebulia, an Znelad Sesacnobia, rogorc ìstoriuli qsovili.~ amgvarad, Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis WeSmariti da avTenturi suliereba Tavis gamoxatulebas povebs mxolod konkretul adgilebTan erTad, im sivrceSi, romelic gars ertymis konkretul midamos, an Cveni ganmartebiT, kulturul landSafts, an kulturul marSruts. aseT sivrcesTan erTad SesaZlebelia CavwvdeT dros, rogorc istoriis ganzo-milebas: dro, romelmac am adgilas gaiara, procesi, romelmac bevri kvali datova obieqtis Seqmnidan moyolebuli, romelic gaxda Zegli, samaxsovro sagani mxolod saukuneebis Semdeg, Zegli romauli ganmartebis mniSvnelobiT, rac zemod iyo damowmebuli; dro, romelic arse-bobs “Zeitgeist”-is formiTac, rasac Zegli ganasaxierebs. es aris Znelad saTargmneli german-uli sityva, rac gulisxmobs drois suliskveTebas, romelic asaxavs konkretuli periodisa, Tu epoqis cxovrebis wessa da `stils~. sivrce da dro SeiZleba SeerTdes Zeglis sulier gza-vnilSi, _ namdvilad paradoqsuli, magram sruliad xelSesaxebi Tanayofna warsulisa.

momavalSi mWidro TanamSromloba Cveni bunebrivi da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvi-sa da SenarCunebis saqmeSi msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciis (��7�w.) moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, aucileblad gavlenas iqoniebs konservaciis principebis Semdgom ganviTarebaze da Sorsac gascdeba veneciis qartias, romelic mxolooden Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnav adgilebad-warmodgenil kulturul memkvidreobas gulisxmobs. is, rom garemos dacva da Zeglis dacva erT mTlianobas warmoadgens, rom Zeglis SenarCunebis dRevandeli praqtika dafuZnebulia zogadad garemos dacvis moZraobaze, warmoadgens aspeqts, romelic ar SeiZleba yuradRebis gareSe davtovoT, miuxedavad imisa, rom aqamde am kavSiris SesaZlo Sedegebs TviT Zegl-Ta damcvelni sakmaod uxalisod Tu aRiareben. magram garemos uzarmazari masStabis mTeli msoflios momcveli da mzardi ganadgurebisas ZeglTa dacvasac da menejments aseve sZens WeS-marit moralur ganzomilebas, rac TiTqmis ar iyo ganxiluli veneciis qartiasTan mimarTe-baSi. moraluri kiTxva, mimarTuli Zeglis damcvelisadmi, mWidro kavSirSia konservaciasa da SenarCunebasTan, rogorc umTavres principTan. da mainc, `Zeglis kultis~ dRevandel CarCoebSi, mcdelobas SevimuSavoT istoriuli memkvidreobisadmi mopyrobis zogadi moral-uri wesebi, SesaZloa sakvanZo cnebad imdenad àvTenturoba~ ki ara, ùwyvetoba~ waadges. istoriuli uwyvetobis koncepcia _ uwyvetoba, romelic mxardaWeras saWiroebs da rac, ra Tqma unda, ara marto Cven ZeglebSia gansaxierebuli _ mniSvnelovania aseve, rogorc Zeglis dacvis moraluri gamarTleba: istoriuli mexsiereba, aucilebeli adamianisaTvis, rogorc is-toriis qmnilebisaTvis, ar unda gawydes. aqedan gamomdinare, Zeglebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adg-ilebi unda SenarCunebuli iyos; isini dasaRupavad miatovo, interesebis awon-dawonis ki ara, moraluri sakiTxia. figuraluri TvalsazrisiT, es exeba ara marto ZeglebiT damSvenebul kulturul landSaftebs, aramed Cven bunebriv garemosac, radgan Cveni bunebis istoriis uwyvetoba, romelic milionobiT wels iTvlis (`bunebis ZeglebiT~ gansaxierebuli) dRes, ro-gorc Cans, kiTxvis niSnis qveS aris.

imedia, rom axla ukve �0 wlis veneciis qartia da ikomos-is yvela sxva qartiebi da principebi daiunjeben moralur Zalas, rac dagvexmareba Cven yoveli mxridan damuqrebuli gamanadgurebeli Zalebis saSiSroebebis winaaRmdeg YyoveldRiur brZolaSi.

qalaqis istoriuli ansamblebis usafrTxoebis dacva

cvlilebebis periodSi

marTvis saxelmZRvaneloSemdgeneli: herb stoveli

msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebisadmi miZRvnilisaerTaSoriso simpoziumi

kvebeki, kanada, 1991

HERB STOVEl

SAFEgUARDINg HISTORIC URBAN ENSEMBlES IN A TIME OF CHANgE

A MANAgEMENT guIDE

International Symposium on World Heritage Towns

Quebec, 1991

- �0 -

winasityvaoba

saerTo problemebi

qalaqis xelmZRvaneloba dgas axali cxovrebis realobis winaSe. igi ibrZvis im (xandaxan yuradsaRebi) zewolis winaaRmdeg, rac xorcieldeba qalaqis Zvel ubnebze; zedmetad bevri macxovrebeli, lpobis zRvarze misuli infrastruqtura, turistebis uzomo raodenoba, uZ-ravi qonebiT spekulacia da transportis moZraoba aris mxolod nawili im winaaRmdegobebisa, rac xels uSlis istoriuli kvartlebis SenarCunebis politikis efeqtiur ganxorcielebas. mdgomareoba yvela kontinentze erTmaneTis msgavsia.

es winaaRmdegobebi warmoadgens bunebrivi Zalebis Sedegs, rac xandaxan gansacvifrebeli siswrafiT gardauvalad cvlis sazogadoebebs. cvlilebebis Sedegad bevrma maTganma TiTqmis sruliad dakarga Zveli tradiciebi, rac aisaxa maT qalaqebze, im qalaqebze, sadac mosaxleo-bis umetesoba iyris Tavs, xolo eris kultura ki Tavis gamoxatulebas povebs. siaxle yvelaze met zians qalaqebs ayenebs; amitom, Cven vTvliT, rom swored qalaqis xelmZRvanelobis valde-bulebaa marTon is cvlilebebi, romlis winaSec isini dganan.

rodesac amas isic emateba, rom cvlilebebis marTva unda warmoebdes msoflio memkvidre-obis siaSi Setanili qalaqebis dacvis politikis konteqstSi, warmoiSveba axali problemebi, saerTo yvela aseTi qalaqisaTvis, rac samuSaos SesrulebaSi win eRobeba maT, visac es evale-ba. imis gamo, rom Zveli qalaqebi Tanac cdiloben ar gaigudon Tavis Zvel kedlebSi da Tanac winaaRmdegobas uweven siaxleebis ZirgamomTxrel Zalebs, maT unda marTavdnen ganaTlebuli da niWieri adamianebi. msgavsad kapitanisa, romelic valdebulia yvela amindSi usafrTxod ataros gemi, esenic unda eyrdnobodnen aRiarebuli meTodebis mkacrad Sesrulebas da marT-vis saSualebebis zust da efeqtiur gamoyenebas.

es saxelmZRvanelo gamiznulia imisTvis, rom xeli Seuwyos gamocdilebis mudmiv gaziare-bas maT Soris, vinc CarTulia qalaquri cxovrebis yoveldRiuri mwvave sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi istoriul qalaqebSi, rodesac isini cdiloben daicvan Tavisi gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebebi da Tvisebebi. movuwodebT maT, vinc pasuxs agebs msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebsa da isto-riul raionebze, Seasrulos Tavisi saqme maqsimaluri energiiT da SemarTebiT im moqalaqeebis sakeTildReod, romlebic iq cxovroben da moRvaweoben.

kvebekis kolokviumis programis komiteti

dokumentis momzadeba

saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavebulia profesor herb stovelis mier, OAA, MRAIC, kvebekis kolokviumis programis komitetisaTvis, marTvis saxelmZRvanelos qvekomitetis zedamxed-velobiT, romelSic Sediodnen serJ vio, miSel boneti, robert karoni, medelain gobeil triudo da meri kuleni.

batonma stovelma calkeuli sakiTxebis Seswavlisa da ganviTarebis pasuxismgebloba gaiz-iara serJ viosTan da sxva specialistebTan, romelTac Tavisi wvlili Seitanes konkretuli sakiTxebis kvlevaSi.

- �� -

a) marTvis saxelmZRvanelo

1. saxelmZRvanelos Sedgena

qalaqma kvebekma, kvebekisa da kanadis mTavrobasTan erTad, iunesko-s finansuri daxmare-biT, miipatiJa msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebis politikuri Tavkacebi da mrCevelebi kon-servaciis teqnikur sakiTxebSi kolokviumze, romelic Catarda qalaq kvebekSi, �� wlis �0 ivnisidan � ivlisamde.

kolokviumis `qalaqebis istoriuli ansamblebis usafrTxoebis dacva cvlilebebis xanaSi~ mizani iyo Seeqmna SesaZlebloba am sakiTxebze pasuxismgebel oficialur pirTaTvis, Seejere-binaT erTmaneTis gamocdileba da SeemuSavebinaT marTvis midgoma, romelSic integrirebuli iqneboda memkvidreobis da ganviTarebis miznebi. es iyo cda rCeuli samecniero moxsenebebis wardgeniT da maT garSemo kamaTis saSualebiT napovni yofiliyo praqtikuli saSualebebi cocxali istoriuli qalaqebis mravalgvari saWiroebebisa da problemebis mosagvareblad. kolokviums Tan sdevda marTvis saxelmZRvanelos pirveli gamocema, gamiznuli maTTvis, vinc uSualod CarTulia istoriuli qalaqebis marTvaSi da informaciis gacvlis qselis parale-luri ganviTarebisaTvis, rac iZleva codnis, ideebisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebis saSuale-bas.

qalaqebis dacvis saerTaSoriso saSualebebis ganviTarebis istoriuli mimoxilvis gaT-valiswinebiT, marTvis saxelmZRvanelo cdilobs daexmaros Tanamedrove specialistebs moq-medebis modelebis SeTavazebiT, romelnic faseuli iqneba maTi problemebis gadasaWrelad.

marTvis saxelmZRvanelos gamocemas win uZRoda ��0 wlis noemberSi `gaazrebis CarCos~ gamoqveyneba, sadac aRniSnuli iyo sakamaTo sakiTxebis da Temebis farTo speqtri, romelTa mimarT kolokviumze unda yofiliyo gaRvivebuli da fokusirebuli gulisyuri. saxelmZR-vanelo principebi qmnis safuZvels mimdinare da momavali kvlevis masalebis TavmoyrisTvis, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos maTi mimocvla msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebs Soris.

2. saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba

saxelmZRvanelo principebi Sedgenilia rogorc wigni, sadac moyvanilia praqtikuli mag-aliTebi da ganxilulia konkretuli kvleviTi masala, raTa mkiTxvels mieces SesaZlebloba aq aRniSnuli mosazrebebis praqtikuli gamoyenebisa.

Sesavali b) TavSi warmodgenili sakiTxebisa win uZRvis g) da d) TavebSi warmodgenili rigi konkretuli SemTxvevebis ganxilvas. es ukanaskneli exeba istoriuli qalaqebis gegmarebis problemebs, rasac vawydebiT yvela Zvel qalaqSi, mTeli msoflioSi. g) da d) TavebSi ki deta-luradaa ganxiluli sxvadasxva sakonservacio programebi.

saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili masala miznad ar isaxavs formulis msgavsi pasuxebi gasces konservaciasTan dakavSirebul yvela problemur kiTxvas. misi mizania, axsnas kavSiri swori midgomis arCevasa da misi konteqstis gamoyenebad maxasiaTeblebs Soris. konkretuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis mizania vaCvenoT, Tu rogor dagvexmareba analitikuri procesis mkacri dacva pativi vceT mravalferovani kulturuli Rirebulebis, sirTulis da struqturis qa-laqebis istoriul mTlianobas.

3. saxelmZRvanelos Semdgom

saxelmZRvanelos mizania xeli Seuwyos diskusiebs kolokviumamde, kolokviumis msvl-elobisas da mis Semdgom. kolokviumis Semdgom saxelmZRvanelo ganaxldeba, masSi Seva axali mosazrebebi, monapovarni da rekomendaciebi, romlebic sxvadasxva Sekrebebis dros daibadeba.

- �� -

kolokviumis monawileebs sTavazoben warmoadginon ZiriTadi monacemebi da ilustraciebi sxva nimuSebis Sesaswavlad.

imedia, rom kolokviumis dros damyarebuli axali urTierTobebi da gamocdilebis gazi-areba xels Seuwyobs mudmivi kavSiris Seqmnas maT Soris, vinc CarTulia am qalaqebis politi-kuri xelmZRvanelobisa da teqnikuri daxmarebis saqmeSi. aseve vimedovnebT, rom am kolokvi-ums mohyveba sxva kolokviumebi, romlebic ganagrZoben im saWirboroto sakiTxebis gamorkve-vas, rac saerToa msoflio memkvidreobis yvela qalaqisaTvis.

b) msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebis marTva

1. istoriuli qalaqebis raoba

mTel msoflioSi patara da didi qalaqebi erTgvaradaa organizebuli maTi macxovre-blebis moTxovnilebaTa Sesabamisad. yvelaferi funqcionirebs qalaqis administraciis Tanad-gomiT, romelsac evaleba yoveldRiuri sakiTxebis mogvareba, rac gavlenas axdens cxovrebis umetes sferoebze _ transportze, gadazidvebze, manqanebis sadgomebze, sacxovrebel saxle-bze, kulturaze, wyliT momaragebasa da binZur wylebze, energomomaragebaze, ganviTarebaze da a.S. xSirad am mxriv qalaqis SesaZlebobebs mxarSi udganan regionaluri Tu erovnuli mTav-robebi, romelTac ZaluZT pirdapiri Tu iribi daxmarebis gaweva.

meoce saukunis ganmavlobaSi msoflios umetes regionebSi qalaqis gamgeobebi TandaTan sul ufro met rameSi gaerivnen da ikisres pasuxismgebloba mudmivad mzardi raodenobis sakiTxebze. aqeTken maT ubiZga momsaxureba-Semweobis ufro maRali donis sayovelTao survil-mac da mzaobamac axleburi keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad ufro maRali donis gadasaxadebis gaRebisa.

Tavis efeqtur saqmianobaSi mTavrobebi met-naklebad angariSvaldebuli arian maTi mo-qalaqeebis winaSe. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT airCion Tavisi interesebis damcveli oficialuri warmomadgenlebi da miuTiTon xelmZRvanelebs imoqmedon maTTvis saWiro mimarTulebiT; maT agreTve ZaluZT aamoqmedon Tanaqmedebis da zegavlenis sxva saSualebebi.

yvela qalaqi da qalaqis tipis centri iRwvis, raTa daakmayofilos Tavisi moqalaqee-bis ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi: Sesaferisi sacxovreblebi, transporti, samuSao adgilebi da Rirseuli cxovrebis xarisxi. istoriuli qalaquri centrebi gvTavazoben gansakuTrebuli SesaZleblobebis garemos, rac amdidrebis aseTi adgilebis macxovrebelTa cxovrebas. amgvar centrebSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba konservaciis meTodi, raTa garantirebuli iyos maTi Senar-Cuneba, gonieri gamoyeneba da maT RirsebaTa gaumjobeseba.

Tu sazoogadoebis mTavari mizania uzrunvelyofa normaluri sakvebiT, sacxovrebeliT da janmrTelobis dacviT, mTeli energisa da drois memkvidreobis dacvisadmi miZRvna SeiZle-ba zedmet fufunebadac ki gamoiyurebodes. aseve calmxrivi midgomaa, marto im SesaZleblo-bebis ganviTarebas gamoedevno, rac xels Seuwyobs adgilobrivi ekonomikis garkveuli donis SenarCunebas, radgan aman SeiZleba daCrdilos memkvidreobis gadaudebeli saWiroebebi.

istoriuli qalaqebis movlis aTwleulebis gamocdilebam gvaCvena, rom memkvidreobis dacvis miznebi yvelaze kargad miiRweva maSin, rodesac isini ganixileba mosaxleTa sxva in-teresebTan erTad. aseTi mcdelobisas, is sazogadoebebi, romelnic cdiloben gaataron kon-servaciis gonieri politika mraval problemas awydebian. ganviTarebuli qveynebis did qa-laqebSi, moqalaqeebi xSirad toveben qalaqis centrebs da gadadian ufro wynar gareubnebSi sacxovreblad. bevr ganviTarebad regionebSi zustad sapirispiro xdeba: istoriul nawilebSi provinciebidan Camosuli mosaxleebis an ucxoelebis mozRvaveba xdeba. mdgomareobis aseTi mkveTri cvlilebebis dros kulturuli Taviseburebebis dacva orkec mniSvnelovani xdeba, moiTxovs axal midgomebs da Sida kulturuli mimocvlisadmi axalebur mgrZnobierebas.

XX saukuneSi avtomanqanebis mozRvavebam daangria gamoyenebisa da Senebis tradiciuli wesi, gazarda atmosferuli dabinZureba da warmoqmna qalaqis nagebobebisaTvis Zalze saxi-faTo vibraciis done. zogan ekonomikam sazogadoebis xarjze piradi mogeba wamowia win; zogan Zeglebis dacvas transportis da sacxovrebeli saxlebis interesebi arCies.

CamonaTvali kidev SeiZleba gagrZeldes, magram jamSi es winaaRmdegobebi meryeobs ada-

- �� -

mianuridan teqnikursa da finansuramde, xolo garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, yvela gamoxatavs sam ZiriTad problemas: yvela sazogadoebrivi resursis xelmisawvdomoba saerTo saWiroebis yvela da yovelgvari programebis mxardasaWerad; prioritetebi memkvidreobis dacvis gaT-valiswinebiT; Tanamedrove moTxovnilebebTan istoriuli struqturebis morgebis ganxor-cielebadoba.

yoveli sazogadoeba unda cdilobdes daamyaros balansi moqalaqeebis piradi uflebebis _ daicvas sakuTari interesebi da ibrZolos Tavisi miswrafebebis misaRwevad _ da sazoga-doebriv interesebs Soris ufro farTo gagebiT, rogoricaa mag., memkvidreobis konservacia. konservaciis SemTxvevaSi aman SeiZleba kompensaciis saxec miiRos: memkvidreobiTi qonebis mflobelebi, rodesac maT Tavisuflad ar SeuZliaT gamoiyenon Tavisi qoneba, Tvlian, rom kompensaciisaTvis mTavrobas unda mimarTon, radgan Zeglis dacvis SezRudvebi amcirebs maTi sakuTrebis sabazro Rirebulebas. zogierTisTvis sakiTxi mdgomareobs sazogadoebis mzady-ofnaSi arad Caagdos piradi danakargebi, oRond ganxorcielebuli iyos is, rac saerTo in-teresebisaTvis ufro xelsayrelia; sxvebisTvis problema mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu rogor mi-iRos konservaciis sikeTidan ekonomikuri sargebeli.

qveynis moqmed konstitucias SeuZlia gaanawilos memkvidreobis konservaciis damatebiTi valdebulebebi mTavrobis sxvadasxva doneze. da miuxedavad imisa, rom praqtikulad yvela donis qmedeba urTierTgadajaWvulia, sxvadasxva donis mmarTvelobis mandati SeiZleba erT-maneTTan uTanxmoebis da misi mimdevari dapirispirebis mizezad iqces.

istoriul qalaqebSi mniSvnelovania, rom ufro maRali donis mTavrobis warmomadgen-lebma seriozuli yuradReba miaqcion adgilobrivi xelmZRvanelebis saWiroebebsa da mosaz-rebebs, radgan maT ufro kargad SeuZliaT Seafason memkvidreobis Rirebulebani, rac dagvex-mareba ganvsazRvroT aseTi samosaxleobis ragvaroba da mniSvneloba.

2. gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva: msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebi

qalaqebi, romlebic Sesulia msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi, mdebareobs yvela kontinentze da asaxavs samyaros sxvadasxva kulturis miRwevaTa mniSvnelovan mxares. zogierTi warmoad-gens adgilobrivi kulturis mcdelobebs; sxvebi asaxavs axal samyaroSi garedan Semotanili an kolonialuri xanis moRvaweobis Zlier gavlenas. yvela maTganSi SemoqmedebiTad Serwymulia mravalferovani gavlenebi, rac qmnis unikalur formasa da gamoyenebis wess.

siaSi Sesuli qalaqebis formismieri damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis analizi avlens calkeu-li samSeneblo formebis, sxvadasxva masalis, faqturis da arqiteqturuli gamomsaxvelobis gansazRvris, maTi siis moTxovnebis Sesabamisobis dadgenis sirTules. veneciis dafleTili da danestianebuli oqris mobaTqaSeba verafers exmianeba mtkice da praqtikuli xis ZeliT naSen norvegiis samTo-samrewvelo qalaq rorosSi. sanas qviT da aguriT naSen koSkisebr saxlebs iemenSi araferi aqvT saerTo baTis georgeanuli stilis daxvewil arqireqturasTan. kolon-iuri xanis Ppuerto-rikos quCebis qseli naklebad waagavs Sua saukuneebis rodosis viwro, mixveul-moxveul quCebs. da mainc, yvela maTgani Sesulia siaSi; ufro metic, eWvgareSea, rom momavalSi es sia gamdidrdeba kidev ufro metad gansxvavebuli qalaqebis CamonaTvaliT.

arc asaki gansazRvravs qalaqebis siaSi Setanas. �0 welze cotaTi ufro didi xnis bra-ziliam daimsaxura adgili am siaSi iseve, rogorc alepom an damaskom, romlebic, SesaZloa, Tavisi uwyveti arsebobis �,000 wels uaxlovdebian. arc arqiteqturis gansxvavebuloba, did-mniSvnelovani istoriuli aluziebi, sagulisxmo simboluri asociaciebi an qalaqis quCebis gansakuTrebuli xedebi aniWeben avtomaturad am qalaqebs mniSvnelovnebas, Tumca, saboloo ganxilvisas, TiToeul am aspeqts Tavisi wili aqvs.

msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciis samoqmedo wesebi aRwers kriteriumebs, rac gvaZlevs im RirsSesaniSnavi qalaqebis Seswavlis da Sedarebis saSualebas, romelTac aqvT siaSi Sesvlis potenciali.

konvencia, yvela kulturuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Rrma pativiscemiT, siaSi Sesatanad iTvaliswinebs `gansakuTrebuli universaluri Rorebulebis~ mqone Zeglebs, RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs an arqiteqturul ansamblebs. dasaxelebuli Zegli unda pasuxobdes kulturuli maxasiaTeblis eqvsidan erTerT kriteriums mainc, unda Seesabamebodes `avTenturobis tests~ da unda Candes, rom igi saTanadod aris daculi.

aq aris im eqvsi kriteriumis CamonaTvali, romelic gamoiyeneba kulturuli nominaciebi-saTvis.

- �� -

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi unda:

�) warmoadgendes unikalur mxatvrul miRwevas, SemoqmedebiTi geniis nayofs; an

�) droTa ganmavlobaSi da msoflios kulturul sferoSi didi gavlena moexdina arq-iteqturis, monumenturi xelovnebis, qalaqgegmarebis, an landSafturi arqiteqtu-ris ganviTarebaze; an

�) warmoadgendes unikalurs Tu ara, iSviaT mowmobas civilizaviis, romelic aRar ar-sebobs; an

�) warmoadgendes nagebobis an arqiteqturuli ansamblis garkveuli tipis RirsSesaviS-nav magaliTs, romelic asaxavs istoriis mniSvnelovan etaps; an

�) warmoadgens adamianebis tradiciuli dasaxlebis RirsSesaniSnav magaliTs, sadac aisaxeba maTi kultura da romlebic Seuqcevadi cvlilebebis Zlieri gavlenis Sede-gad aRmoCnda daucveli; an

�) garkveulad dakavSirebuli iyo RirsSesaniSnavi universaluri mniSvnelobis movle-nebTan, an ideebTan, an rwmenebTan.

kulturuli kriteriumebi warmoadgens mudmivi ganxilvis sagans da SeiZleba modificire-buli iyos momavalSi, im Seusabamobis pasuxad, rac misi gamoyenebis dros SeiZleba aRmoCndes. magaliTad, axla mimdinareobs im kriteriumis Camoyalibeba, romelic miesadageba RirsSesan-iSnav adgilebs, romlebsac gaaCniaT didi mniSvnelobis rogorc bunebrivi, ise kulturuli maxasiaTeblebi.

kulturuli nominantebi aseve unda pasuxobdes `avTenturobis tests,~ romelic gamoiy-eneba Canafiqris, masalis, ostatobis da garemos mimarT. aseve unda Candes, rom RirsSesaniSna-vi adgilebi uzrunvelyofili arian saTanado movliT da Sesabamisi menejmentis meqanizmebiT, raTa garantirebuli iyos maTi dacva.

Semdgom, operatiul wesebSi aRniSnulia, rom qalaquri nagebobebis jgufebis gansazRvra iyofa sam ZiriTad kategoriad:

�) qalaqebi, romlebic aRar arian dasaxlebuli, magram sadac arsebobs warsulis saxe-Seucvleli arqeologiuri mowmobani; isini Cveulebriv akmayofileben avTenturobis kriteriums da maTi konservaciis mdgomareoba SedarebiT ufro advilad kontroli-rebadia;

�) istoriuli qalaqebi, romlebic jerac dasaxlebulia da maTi raobidan gamomdinare ganviTardnen da momavalSi kvlavac ganagrZoben ganviTarebas, socialur-ekonomi-kuri da kulturuli cvlilebebis zegavleniT. aseTi viTareba arTulebs maTi avTen-turobis dadgenas da sakonservacio politikac ufro problematuri xdeba.

�) meoce saukunis axali qalaqebi, romelTac, ramdenadac paradoqsuli unda iyos, bevri aqvT saerTo zemoxsenebul kategoriebTan: miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi originaluri qalaquri organizacia advilad gasagebia da maTi avTenturoba udavoa, maTi moma-vali mainc bundovania imitom, rom maTi ganviTareba didwilad ukontroloa.

amasTan dakavSirebiT ganmartaven, rom `siaSi Sesatanad qalaqebma unda moipovon aRiareba Tavisi saintereso arqiteqturiT . . [da ara ubralod] maTi, rogorc istoriuli simbolos Ri-rebulebiT~ (rogorc aRniSnulia me-� kriteriumSi). Tvisebebis dazustebisas, rac axasiaTebs aseT saintereso arqiteqturas, wesebi miuTiTebs, rom nagebobaTa jgufis `sivrcobrivi orga-nizacia, struqtura, masalebi, formebi da . . . funqciebi unda ZiriTadad asaxavdes civili-zacias an civilizaciebis cvlas,~ romlebsac qalaqi warmogvidgens. amis kvalad, miTiTebulia istoriuli urbanuli raionebis oTxi kategoria:

�. qalaqebi, tipiuri garkveuli periodis an kulturisaTvis, romlebic TiTqmis mTli-anad SemorCenilia da momdevno ganviTarebas maTze didi gavlena ar mouxdenia. maSin siaSi Sesatani obieqti mTeli qalaqia, Tavisi SemogareniT, romelic aseve unda iyos daculi;

�. qalaqebi, romlebic Taviseburi mimarTulebiT ganviTarda da SeinarCuna, xandax-

- �� -

an gamorCeuli bunebrivi garemos SuagulSi, sivrcobrivi organizacia da Senobebi, tipiuri maTi istoriis ramdenime etapisaTvis. aq mkafiod mosazRvrul istoriul nawils upiratesoba eniWeba Tanamedrove garemosTan SedarebiT;

�. “istoriuli centrebi,~ romelTac ukaviaT zustad igive teritoria, rac Zvel qa-laqs eWira da axla garSemortymulia axali ganaSenianebiT. aq aucilebelia ganisaz-Rvros obieqtis rac SeiZleba farTod moxazuli sazRvrebi da gaTvaliswinebuli iyos garkveuli dacviTi zomebi mimdebare ubnebTan mimarTebaSi;

�. seqtorebi, raionebi da izolirebuli erTeulebi, dRemde Tundac narCenebad moR-weuli, sadac SeimCneva ukve gamqrali istoriuli qalaqebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. aseT SemTxvevebSi SemorCenili raionebi da Senobebi sakmarisad unda warmoaCendes odindel mTlianobas.

urbanuli ansamblebis moqmed kriteriumebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ama Tu im formis fizikur damaxasiaTebel niSnebze. gasakviri ar aris, radgan es aris RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis RirebulebaTa xelSesaxebi gamoxatuleba. amave dros, istoriuli qalaqebi warmoadgens din-amikur sistemebs da maTi garegnuli formebi ar aris nakleb statikuri, vidre cvlilebebis gamomwvevi uxilavi Zalebi, rac maT miRmaa. konservaciis dagegmvisas funqciuri maxasiaTe-blebis da maTi makavSirebeli rgolebis dadgena iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc Rirebuli formebis dadgena da dacva rogorc aseTi. magaliTad, tradiciul bazris teritoriaze ar-sebuli Senobis fasadze zrunva SeiZleba ar gamoixatebodes TviT am bazris dacvaSi, Tu Tanadroulad ar warmoebs mcdeloba, romelic mimarTulia misi cxovrebisunarianobis da socialuri da ekonomikuri stabilizaciisaken.

naTelia, rom gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis matarebel qalaqebs gansakuTrebuli prob-lemebic aqvT: daZvelebuli infrastruqtura, arqeologiuri narCenebi, ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos metros gayvanas da adgilobrivi sazogadoebrivi transportis gaumjobesebas, da bolos TviT am qalaqebis gansakuTrebuli xibli, ramac SeiZleba miizidos mnaxvelTa gauT-valiswinebeli raodenoba.

msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebis gansakuTrebulma Tvisebebma SeiZleba saWiro gaxados iseTi movla-patronoba, rac daakninebs maT sicocxlisunarianobas da Rirebulebas, rogorc ganviTarebadi kulturis gamovlinebaTa cocxal gansxeulebas. cduneba, Semoartya aseT adgi-lebs buferuli zonebi, akrZalo `SeuTavsebeli~ saqmianoba, iqidan mosaxleobis nawilic ki gaasaxlo da marTo aseTi `istoriuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgili~, TiTqmis rom dauZlevelia. da mainc, muzeumi, ra donisac unda iyos igi, mainc muzeumia, sadac evoluciuri procesebi SeCerebulia, ganviTarebadi elementebi gayinulia evoluciuri kontiniumis erT adgilze da misi unari, uzrunvelyos sakuTari arseboba, iTxovs finansur da adamianur daxmarebas, ro-melic scdeba winaT arsebuli saWiroebebis farglebs.

istoriuli qalaqebis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis gasaRebi iseTi zomebis Cautareblad, rac SemdgomSi ar gamoiwvevs am Tvisebebis Selaxvas, mdgomareobs konservaciuli midgomis aRiarebaSi.

3. istoriuli qalaqebis konservacia

konservaciis raoba

konservacia axali saqmianoba ar gaxlavT. memkvidreobis elementebis gamovlenis, gamo-calkevebis da dacvis Segnebuli mcdeloba saTaves romis imperiis xanamde iRebs. Cveni mem-kvidreobis umetesma nawilma dRemde Tu moaRwia, amas im mzrunvel adamianebis midgomas unda vumadlodeT, romlebic gardasul droSi cxovrobdnen da tradiciuli Cvevebis, ostatobis da garemos gonieri marTviT aracnobierad ise warmarTavdnen gaumjobesebisa da cvlilebebis Sematebas, rom mofrTxilebodnen mTelis simrTeles.

miuxedavad xangrZlivi istoriisa, dResac konservaciis miznebze kamaTisas konsensusis miRweva Zalze Znelia. erTi sirTule sakonservacio saqmianobis gafarTovebaSi mdgomareobs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, pasuxobs memkvidreobis ufro farTo gansazRvrebebs. memkvidreo-

- �� -

bis dacvis moculoba gaizarda, moicva xalxuri, risame damaxasiaTebeli da tipiuri, aseve ufro farToa memkvidreobis sazrisis gagebac. Tu erT dros konservaciis mTavari mizani iyo nivTebisa da Senobebis aRdgena da Tavdapirveli saxis dabruneba, dRevandel dRes Cven ufro met sifrTxiles viCenT. raskinis da morisis gauTavebeli CaCiCinebiT, Cven mzad varT vaRiaroT istoriul adgilebSi mcxovreb adamianTa mier Setanili wvlili da cvlilebebi, ma-gram didad ar gvwadia (saamiso, CvenTvisac da momavali TaobebisaTvisac damajerebeli sabu-Tianobis gareSec) romelime maTgani sxvas SevwiroT.

Tanamedrove kulturul forumebis umetesobaze aRiarebuli aris konservaciis is Teo-ria, romlis gamavrcelebeli ser bernard feldenia: `konservaciis mizania kulturuli obi-eqtis sicocxlis gaxangrZliveba da Tu SesaZlebelia, misi istoriuli da mxatvruli gzavni-lis naTelyofa ise, rom amas ar Seewiros misi avTenturoba.~ am Sexedulebis gaziarebas mTeli rigi Semdgomi daskvnac mosdevs.

konsrevacia gaxlavT . . .

�. konservacia dafuZnebulia Rirebulebebze, rodesac teqnologiebisa da midgomebis Sesabamisoba gansazRvrulia calkeuli obieqtis konkretuli RirebulebiT;

�. Sesabamisad, konservacia subieqtur ambebsac moicavs; igi iyenebs mecnierul meTo-debs maqsimalurad obieqturi gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. garkveuli Tvalsaz-risiT es xelovnebacaa, misi saukeTeso kvleviTi procesia mecniereba xelovnebis samsaxurSi.

�. konservaciis midgoma yovelTvis iTvaliswinebs calkeuli SemTxvevebis specifikas, rac moiTxovs adaptacias ama Tu im gasawirisa da Rirebulebisadmi; Tavad konserva-ciis principebi upirobo araa, isini unda Seesabamebodnen obieqtis RirebulebaTa da garemoebaTa konteqsts.

�. konservaciis warmateba ganpirobebulia Rrma da xarisxianad Catarebuli kvleviTi midgomiT, rac gansazRvravs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Rirebulebas da misi SekeTebis saWiroebas, da aseve minimumamde dayavs subieqturoba da saTuoba.

�. konservaciis aucilebeli pirobaa mis struqturaSi minimaluri Careva, romlis miza-nia funqcionaluri saWiroebebis SeTanxmeba minimalur mavne zegavlenasTan (an mniS-vnelovan dadebiT zegavlenasTan) im Rirebulebebze, rac ganmartebulia rogorc: `umjobesia mouaro, vidre SeakeTo, umjobesia SeakeTo, vidre aRadgino da umjobe-sia aRadgino, vidre axliT Secvalo.”

mokled rom vTqvaT, konservaciis sazrunavi RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sazrisis SenarCu-nebaa, rac, marTlac, SeiZleba moiTxovdes yvela mniSvnelovani elementis fizikur gadarCe-nas. aqedan gamomdinare, sakonservacio saqmianoba SeiZleba ukumzirali iyos (daicva is, rac SemorCenilia), an win iyurebodes (gaamagro da ganagrZo Seneba SemorCenil elementebze), Tuki mcdeloba erTi Tu meore mimarTulebiT RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sazrisismqmnel Rirebule-bebs efuZneba maTi ufarToesi socialuri da istoriuli konteqstiT.

urbanuli dacvis principebi

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ZeglTa dacvis axali era ori, TiTqmis Tanadrouli movleniT iwye-ba. ikomos-is (Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis saerTaSoriso sabWo) SeqmniT da vene-ciis qartiiT, orive istoriuli Zeglebis arqiteqtorTa da specialistTa me-� saerTaSoriso kongress moyva, romelic veneciaSi �� wlis maisSi Catarda.

am movlenebidan �7 wlis ganmavlobaSi yuradReba, rac istoriuli centrebis dacvis zomeb-sa da maTSi axali sicocxlis STabervas eqceva, mkveTrad gaizarda. mas Semdeg, rac veneciis qartiam moridebiT aRiara aucilebloba ̀ movicvaT . . . qalaqis is garemo, sadac aRmoCenilia ama Tu im civilizaciis mowmobani~, interesma am sakiTxis mimarT farTo masStabi miiRo.

im droidan moyolebuli ikomos-i da iunesko cdiloben Tavi mouyaron urbanuli dacvis eqspertebis gamocdilebas sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso qartiebSi, konvenciebSi da rekomendaciebSi.

pirveli nayofi am mcdelobam gamoiRo iunesko-s msoflio kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvi-dreobis dacvis konvenciaSi (��7�w.), romelmac RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis `msoflio memkvidreo-bis siaSi~ SetaniT kulturuli memkvidreobis gansazRvrebaSi `nagebobaTa jgufebic~ moaqcia.

- �7 -

Tavis mxriv, konvenciebis samoqmedo wesebma gazarda es gansazRvreba ùrbanuli nage-bobebis jgufebiT,~ da aRiara ùrbanuli struqturebis simyife~ Tanamedrove urbanizaciis `Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafis~ winaSe. amiT maT yuradReba miapyres aucileblobas, vipovoT iseTi sakonservacio gadawyveta, rac moergeba da gauZlebs urbanuli cxovrebis dinamikur Zalebs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ mxars uWers mxolod im qalaqebis da qalaquri raionebis siaSi Setanas, romelTac gansakuTrebuli Rirsebebic aqvs da, ufro metic, ukve uzrunvelyofilia saTanado sakanonmdeblo da finansuri mxardaWeriT, maTi mniS-vneloba iqidan Cans, rom ��0 wlisaTvis msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi nominirebuli �� RirsSesaniSnavi adgilidan 7� warmoadgens qalaqur ansamblebs maTi kulturuli da bunebrivi mniSvnelovnebis gamo.

naklebad cnobili, vidre msoflio memkvidreobis konvencia, magram iunesko-s mier imave dRes ratificirebuli, kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvidreobis erovnul doneze dacvis rekomendacia yuradRebas amaxvilebs dialogze memkvidreobis ganviTarebis garSemo. masSi aRniSnulia, rom memkvidreoba ùnda ganixilebodes ara rogorc dabrkoleba erovnuli gan-viTarebisaTvis, aramed rogorc aseTi ganviTarebis ganmsazRvreli faqtori.~ metic, aq nax-senebia RonisZiebebi sakonservacio samuSaoebisTvis samosaxloTa cxovrebaSi adgilis mi-saCenad da aRniSnulia mTeli sazogadoebis am saqmianobaSi CarTvis aucilebloba.

am ucabedma mcdelobam ufro didi wona SeiZina, rodesac iunesko-s generalurma konfer-enciam ��7� wlis nairobis Sexvedraze miiRo rekomendacia istoriuli raionebis usafrTxoe-bis dacvisa da Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi maTi rolis Sesaxeb. zogadad, es dokumenti yuradRe-bas amaxvilebda gegmarebis procesis gamoyenebze, yvela Tanmdevi samarTlebrivi, ekonomikuri, finansuri da socialuri RonisZiebebiTurT, ganviTarebisas konkretuli urbanuli garemos xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebis uzrunvelsayofad.

nairobis rekomendacia detalur rCevas awvdis erovnul, regionalur da adgilobriv mTavrobebs istoriuli urbanuli raionebis ùsafrTxoebis dacvisTvis~ aucilebel samarT-lebriv, administraciul, teqnikur, ekonomikur da socialur RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT. ùsafrTxoebis dacva~ aq farTo cnebaa da gulisxmobs aseTi raionebis ìdentifikacias, dac-vas, konservacias, restavracias, renovacias, teqnikur momsaxurebas da revitalizacias.~ reko-mendaciaSi aseve pirveladaa aRniSnuli `kvleviTi samuSaoebis, ganaTlebis da informirebis~ mxardaWeris aucilebloba konservaciisaTvis xelsayreli ganwyobilebis Sesaqmnelad. aqve aRniSnulia wevri saxelmwifoebis erTmaneTTan `saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis~ didi mniSvn-eloba. Tumca rekomendaciis Rirseba imaSia, rom igi iZleva specifikur da detalur rCevebs saTanado RonisZiebebis formasa da SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, swored am misma specifiurobam gamoiwvia uTanxmoeba adgilebze misi gamoyenebadobis Taobaze da didi xniT daakargvina rw-mena am dokumentisadmi da Seaferxa misi gamoyeneba.

ikomos-is moskovis ��7� wlis generalur asambleaze veneciis qartiis gadaxedvisas scades daezustebinaT urbanuli konservaciis principebi. asambleis gadawyvetilebam _ qartia isto-riul dokumentad CaiTvalos _ warmoSva mini-qartiebis wyeba iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa kulturuli turizmi, istoriuli baRebi, xalxuri Semoqmedeba da istoriuli qalaqebi.

ikomos-is istoriuli qalaqebis komitetis xelmZRvanelobiT ��0- �� wlebSi moxda mTeli rigi teqstebis momzadeba da maTi testireba. am saqmianobis Sedegi _ istoriuli qa-laqebis da urbanuli tipis dasaxlebebis dacvis qartia, mowonebuli ikomos-is vaSingtonis ��7 wlis generaluri asambleis mier, maSinve gaxda urbanuli dacvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani instrumenti. qartia gansazRvravs istoriuli urbanuli raionebis mniSvnelovan Tvisebebs, aRwers saTanado midgomis (TanamSromloba, windaxeduloba, dagegmva) yvelaze aRsaniSnav maxa-siaTeblebs da iZleva menejmentis mTel rig specifikur direqtivebs transportis moZraobis, stiqiuri movlenebis, wvrTnisa da sxv. Sesaxeb.

erTxel SemuSavebul konservaciis principebs xSirad ise uyureben, TiTqos maT upirobod unda miyve. Tumca isini xelT gvaqvs calkeuli kulturisa da konkretuli situaciis gaTval-iswinebiT, arcTu iSviaTad, saWiro xdeba maTi morgeba im moTxovnilebebze, romelsac ama Tu im regionis specifika karnaxobs. zogierTi Tavis debulebebi, magaliTad transportis moZ-raobis menejmentis Sesaxeb, ufro miesadageba ganviTarebuli qveynebis gamocdilebas.

istoriuli qalaqebis qartiis Sedgenaze xangrZlivma muSaobam xeli Seuwyo mis adapta-cias mTeli rigi raionebis konkretul pirobebTan. zogierTma erovnulma qartiam, mag., ��7 wlis ikomos-is braziliuri komitetis “Carta de Petropolis”-ma daadastura fundamenturi prin-cipebi, morgebuli adgilobriv viTarebaze, magaliTad, imis saWiroeba, rom ùrbanuli obi-eqtis socialuri Rirebuleba. . . unda aRematebodes mis sabazro Rirebulebas.~ adaptaciis sxva cdebi jer ar dasrulebula, maT Soris ikomos-is erovnuli komitetis Zalisxmeva aSS-Si,

- �� -

raTa miusadagos amerikis specifikas istoriuli qalaqebis qartiis principebi. saerTaSoriso da erovnul doneebze ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi gaweulma Zalisxme-

vam, dadgeniliyo da ganaxlebuliyo urbanuli konservaciis yvelaze Sesaferisi principebi, gamokveTa calkeuli sakvanZo momentebi da cxadyo saWiroeba, ganisazRvros gansxvaveba prin-cipebis, standartebis da rekomendebuli qmedebebis gamoyenebas Soris.

am arev-darevis gamo brali nawilobriv arsebul dokumentebsac miuZRvis, radgan maTSi calkeuli terminebi Tanamimdevrulad ar aris naxmari. zogadad, konservatorTa Soris asxvave-ben principebs (masStabiT sayovelTao ganmazogadebul idealebs, romelTac muSaobisas unda misdio), standartebs (lokalur-regionuli garemoebebisa Tu mouwesrigeblobis Sesabamisi, gazomvadi sakontrolo samizneebi, romlebic iZleva im sazoms, romlisadmi Sesatyvisoba ad-vilad gasazomia) da rekomendebuli qmedeba (sasurveli moqmedebebi, moRvaweoba, Cveulebriv adgilobrivi masStabis, gamoyenebuli principebisa da standartebis Sesabamisad) Soris.

uaxlesi dokumentebis wakiTxva dagarwmunebT, rom urbanuli konservaciis rva sakvanZo principis Taobaze konsensusia miRweuli.

konservaciis rva sakvanZo principi

�. im gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis identifikaciis aucilebloba, rac mniSvnelovnebas aniWebs urbanuli tipis istoriul dasaxlebebs da uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom misi dacvisa da mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis saTanado saSualebebi am Tvisebebis gaTval-iswinebiT SemuSavdeba;

�. inventarizaciis, kvlevis da Sefasebis sistematuri procesis aucilebloba, raTa darwmunebuli viyoT, rom calkeuli urbanuli tipis dasaxlebebi Sefasebulia zog-adi standartebis Sesabamisad;

�. urbanuli tipis dasaxlebis Sefasebis Sedegebis konservaciis gegmaSi gamoyenebis aucilebloba, rac gansazRvravs ama Tu im RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisaTvis saWiro dac-vis dones;

�. konservaciis dagegmvis aucilebloba, raTa memkvidreobis miznebi integrirebuli iyos sxva socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kanonier miznebTan;

�. konservaciis dagegmvaSi mosaxleobis Tavidanve CarTvis aucilebloba, maTTvis kon-servaciis samuSaoebis ganmartebis da wvrTnis Catarebis gziT; aseve sazogadoebis gaazrebuli Tanadgoma arCevanis gakeTebisas;

�. aucilebloba finansurad Sefasdes ganviTarebis alternativebi, romlebic zemoq-medebas moaxdens istoriul urbanul dasaxlebebze, saTanado socilauri da memkvi-dreobismieri Rirebulebebis CaTvliT;

7. aucilebloba wavubiZgoT erovnul da regionalur mTavrobebs, gamoiyenon maT xelT arsebuli samarTlebrivi da finansuri saSualebebi, raTa xeli Seuwyon adgilobriv doneze konservaciisTvis xelsayreli ganwyobilebebis Seqmnasa da saTanado adminis-traciuli da finansuri RonisZiebebis gatarebas;

�. aucilebloba konservaciis TiToeuli problema unikalurad miviCnioT, ama Tu im RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sagangebo Rirebuleba – viTarebebis Sesatyvisad gadasaWre-lad.

rodesac es principebi cnobili gaxdeba specialistebis wreSi, isini SeiZleba gamoyeneb-uli iqnes kriteriumebad, romelTa Sesabamisad SemuSavdeba rekomendebuli qmedebebis Sesaf-erisi adgilobrivi standartebi da samoqmedo gegmebi. imisTvis, rom es idealizebuli gza-vnili yvelasTvis gasagebi da misaRebi iyos, uaRres mniSvnelobas iZens sagangebo gulisyuri sazogadoebrivi da profesiuli saganmanaTleblo programebisadmi.

- �� -

4. istoriuli qalaqebis saTanado ganviTareba

istoriuli qalaqebis `mdgradi ganviTarebis” midgoma

ekonomikuri ganviTareba da memkvidreobismieri xasiaTis dacva xSirad SeuTavseblad miiCneva. sinamdvileSi, rogorc es bolo TavSi iyo aRniSnuli, konservaciis midgomam SesaZlebelia orive SeiTavsos, Tu ganviTarebis meTodebi xels Seuwyobs da asaxavs memkvidreobiTi RirsSesaniSavi adgilebis ZiriTad Rirebulebebs. maTi ganviTarebisa da konservaciis SesaZlo urTierTkavSiris sawvdomad SeiZleba bunebrivi garemos dacvis moZraobaze dakvirveba wagveSvelos.

am dargSi, qalbatoni bruntlendis gezismimcemma naSromma Cveni saerTo momavali: msoflio komisiis moxseneba garemosa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, axlaxan Camoayaliba mdgradi ganviTarebis yvelasTvis misaRebi da gasagebi koncefcia. am, axla ukve yvelasTvis cnobil-ma sityvaTa SeTanxmebam Seqmna safuZveli ori aSkarad urTierTsawinaaRmdego mizanswrafvis Sesarigeblad: ekonomiuri ganviTarebis interesebisa, erTi, da garemos dacvis inetersebisa, meore mxriv.

am moxsenebaSi orive midgoma kanonierad aris miCneuli, orive ganxilulia, rogorc ada-mianTa sazogadoebis arsebuli saxiT gadarCenisTvis aucilebeli. saTanado ganviTarebis ga-reSe Cven ver SevZlebT davakmayofiloT mTeli msoflios adamianebis miswrafebebi hqondeT normaluri sacxovrebeli, sakvebi da gadaadgilebis saSualebebi. zustad aseve, garemos Ses-abamisi dacvis gareSe Cven SeiZleba windauxedavad davxarjoT is resursebi, romelic kvebavs TviT ganviTarebas da qmnis fizikuri da gonebrivi janmrTelobisaTvis saTanado sacxovrebel pirobebs.

Cveni saerTo momavali-s gamoqveynebamde, Canda ise, rom gza progresisaken gulisxmob-da arCevans am or urTierTsawinaaRmdego xedvas Soris. erTi TiTqos iseT mwvave sakiTxebs wyvetda, rogoricaa samuSao adgilebi, ekonomikuri danaxarjebis da mTliani nacionaluri produqciis urTierTmimarTeba; meore upiratesobas cxovrebis xarisxs aniWebda. erTs `didi politikis~ warmmarTvelni misdevdnen, rogorc cxovrebiseul sibrZnes, meore _ disidentebis utopiur alternativaTagani iyo. Canda ise, rom erTi realur sargebelTan iyo dakavSire-buli, xolo meore ki efemerul TeoriebTan.

mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciam gvaCvena, rom es araa Savsa da TeTrs Soris arCevani. Cven ufro wagvadgeba, Tu amovicnobT da mxars davuWerT ganviTarebis im formebs, romelTac ZaluZT xangrZlivi drois mnZilze daicvan Cveni sicocxle da Cveni resursebi. ra Tqma unda, ganviTareba, magram konservaciis midgomiT gamSvenebuli.

gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis, visac axleburi sibrZnis sxva sferoTaTvis, mag., isto-riuli qalaqebis ganviTarebisaTvis, moSvelieba surda, es kidev or damaxasiaTebel risame miRebas niSnavda:

• marTuli zrdis aucilebloba;

• holisturi midgomis aucilebloba.

kulturuli memkvidreobis samyaro bevr da sruliad aSkara paralelebs gvTavazobs. Tu gaerTianebuli erebis komisias jerac ar dauwyia am sakiTxTa analizi, iseTi jgufebi, rogorc iunesko-s kulturuli memkvidreobis ganyofileba, ikomos-i da evropis sabWo ukve ramdenime aTeuli welia amaxvilebs sazogadoebis yuradRebas msgavs konfliqtebze da perspeqtivebze. magaliTad, evropaSi, evropis sabWos mxardaWeriT, ukve �� welze metia, rac `integrirebuli konservaciis~ koncefcia amgvari midgomis yvelasaTvis cnobili metafora gaxda. iq fizi-kuri konservacia dafuZnebulia gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic imavdroulad akmayofilebs ekonomikur da socialur miznebs. evropis gareT am cnebas jerac ar moupovebia sayovelTao aRiareba. magram, ra enazec unda vilaparakoT, aseTi midgomebis aRsawerad, realuri sirTule isaa, erTad movuyaroT Tavi konservaciis sxvadasxva etapebis (amocnoba, Sefaseba, dacva, ga-magreba) monawileebsa da saqalaqo cxovrebis sxva miznebis moamageebs, raTa samosaxlos mene-jmentis strategiaSi aisaxos problemebis saerTo suraTi.

rogorc bunebis, ise kulturis samyaroSi sasargebloa dafiqreba mdgradi ganviTarebis evoluciur nabijebze. zogadad SesaZlebelia sami etapis gamoyofa: gamoqomageba, integrireba da mdgradoba.

mdgradi ganviTarebis midgoma:

- �0 -

�. gamoqomageba: konservaciis Tvalsazrisis mkafiod Camoyalibeba da maTi sxva intere-sebTan dabalansebis mcdeloba;

�. integrireba: xelSewyoba konservaciis mosazrebebis Serwymisa ganviTarebis sxva val-debulebebTan; amisTvis saWiro teqnikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

�. mdgradoba: marTvis organoebSi konservaciis efeqtiurobis monitoringi; am sfero-Si teqnikuri SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis gagrZeleba.

gamoqomagebis etapis mizania, sakvanZo Rirebulebebis rac SeiZleba mravalTa mier gac-nobiereba da aRiareba. rodesac informirebuloba zrdas daiwyebs, is, rac daiwyo rogorc moZraoba, miiRebs instituciur xasiaTs da TandaTan CaerTveba ganviTarebisa da strategiuli ganxorcielebis politikis mTavar mimdinareobaSi.

integraciis etapze mdgradi ganviTareba gulisxmobs konservaciis midgomis Serwymas sazogadeobis im valdebulebebTan, romlebis adre mtrulad iyvnen misadmi ganwyobili an ugulebelyodnen mas. rogorc ki saamiso instituciuri SesaZleblobebi ganviTardeba da daixveweba, kvlevis da ganviTarebis yuradRebis centrSi moeqceva ara sityva `ratom,~ aramed `rogor.”

am etapze gamoqomageba kargavs mniSvnelobas da mis adgils ikavebs Zalisxmeva, teqnikuri daxmareba gaewioT maT, vinc am sferoSia dakavebuli.

mdgradi ganviTarebis bolo etapze, romelic aq ganmartebulia rogorc mdgradoba, kon-servaciis uwyebebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba ganaviTaron, Seamowmon da daxvewon is saSualebebi, rac saWiroa maTTvis davalebuli axali samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad. paralelurad, proeqti-sa Tu politikis warumeteblobebis monitoringiT.

bunebisa da kulturis samyaroTaTvis es, ra Tqma unda, metismeti gamartivebaa. movlenebi yovelTvis ar misdevs erTimeores, etapidan etapamde; sxvadasxva saxis samuSaoebi SeiZleba erTdroulad Sesasrulebeli aRmoCndes. da mainc, rodesac saqme gvaqvs istoriul qalaqebTan an urbanul raionebTan, Zalian sasargebloa amosavali wertilidan Tavisi saqmeebis ukeTesad samarTavad, imis gacnobiereba, rogoria amJamad mosaxleTa SesaZleblobebi gamoZebnon, ganax-orcielon da xangZlivad SeinarCunon Sesabamisi miznebi.

- �� -

samuSao furceli #1

mosaxleTa erTobis ganviTarebis analizi

memkvidreobis konservaciisaTvis

gansazRvreT memkvidreobis konservaciis simwifis etapi Tqven istoriul qalaqsa Tu urbanul raionSi. ra aris misi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi?

gamoqomagebis etapze myofi mosaxleTa erTobis mier albad aRniSnuli iqneba:• sazogadoebis SezRuduli interesi konservaciis miznebis mimarT- konservaciis popularizaciis dabali done im specialistebis mxridan, romlebic

moRvaweoben erovnul da regionalur doneebze• konservaciis susti politikuri gageba da mxardaWera- urTierTdapirispireba kamaTsa Tu konservaciis sakiTxebze; • mcire an aranairi valdebulebani oficialuri pirebis mxridan- mcire resursebis gamoyofa konservaciis miznebisaTvis- problemaTa gadasaWrelad SesaZleblobebis simwire

integraciis etapze myofi mosaxleTa erTobis mier albaT aRniSnuli iqneba:• sazogadoebis zomieri interesi konservaciis miznebis mimarT- sazogadoebas zomierad esmis da afasebs qalaqis istoriuli memkvidreobis Rireb-

ulebas da im elementebs, rac mas gansazRvravs- didi interesi yvela donis specialistebs Soris daadginon sazogadoebis memkvi-

dreobis marTvis standartebi• konservaciis gzavnilis zomieri politikuri mxardaWera- naklebi urTierTdapirispireba konservaciis sakiTxebis gamo• mTavrobis oficialuri warmomadgenlebis sistematuri Tanadgoma konservaciis

saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad- qalaqis mTavrobidan konservaciaze pasuxismgebeli piris daniSvna- konservaciis programebisTvis saWiro resursebisa da saSualebebis xelmisawvdomoba

mxardaWeris etapze myofi mosaxleTa erTobis mier albaT aRniSnuli iqneba:• konservaciis miznebisadmi sazogadoebis cxoveli interesi- sazogadoebis mxridan konservaciis miznebisTvis iseTive didi mniSvnelobis miniWeba,

rac `janmrTelobas~ da `mSvidobas~ eniWeba- konservaciis Rirebulebasa da raobaSi Caxeduli specialistebis didi interesi da

ganviTarebis unari; axali profesiuli disciplines gaCena• konservaciis gzavnilis gaTaviseba mmarTvelobiTi struqturebis yvela waxnagze - normebis SeTanxmeba konservaciis Sedegebis menejmentSi• mTavrobis mxridan maRalganviTarebuli teqnikuri saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa kon-

servaciis saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad- konservaciis meTvalyures roli miznebis ganxorcielebisaken mimarTuli progresis

monitoringSi- ganviTarebuli programebis sistema da saSualebebi, romlebic advilad moergeba

calkeul situaciebs.

romel etapze imyofeba Tqveni istoriuli qalaqi mosaxleTa erTobis ganviTarebis mxriv konservaciasTan mimarTebaSi?

�. gamoqomagebis?--------------------------------; imitom rom--------------------------

�. integrirebis?---------------------------------; imitom rom -------------------------

�. simdgradiss?----------------------------------; imitom rom -------------------------

dasviT es kiTxvebi erTi wlis SualediT, rom mixvdeT, Tu ra donis cvlilebebi moxda Tqvens mosaxleTa cxovrebaSi.

- �� -

marTvis strategiebi

sanam konservaciis specialistebi xelaxla amuSaveben da xvewen urbanuli konservaciis principebs, istoriuli urbanuli centrebi izrdeba, viTardeba da icvleba. vinc am saqmi-anobaSia CarTuli, did praqtikul gamocdilebas iZens, rodesac mravlismomTxovn Tu rTul garemoebebSi maT uxdebaT konservaciis principebis realurad gamoyeneba; es gakveTilebi ex-mareba maT Seafason marTvis gansxvavebuli meTodebis SedarebiTi efeqtiuroba.

istoriuli qalaqebis ganxorcielebadi marTvis meTodebis sakvanZo damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia:

1. qalaqebis dinamikuri xasiaTis gaTvaliswineba.imdenad, ramdenadac mniSvnelovani urbanuli centrebis mniSvnelovnebis Rirebuleba did

wilad asaxavs iq mcxovreb adamianTa Tvisebebs da interesebs, RonisZiebaTa kargad mofiqre-buli strategia mimarTuli unda iyos sasurveli sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebisaken da ara ubralod garemos fizikuri formis dasacvelad. yuradRebis gamaxvileba qalaqisa Tu istoriuli midamos sistemur maxasiaTeblebze (misi saqmianoba, funqciebi da maTi urTierT-kavSiri) dagvexmareba swori mimarTulebiT warvmarToT grZelvadiani strategia.

2. sazogadoebis monawileobis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswineba.naTelia, rom konservaciis meTodebis grZelvadiani warmateba didwilad imazea damokide-

buli, ra zomiTaa SesaZlebeli CavabaT samosaxlos moqalaqeni sakuTari memkvidreobis gansa-kuTrebuli Tvisebebis dadgenasa da dacvaSi. bevr qalaqSi konservaciis profesionalebi, rom-lebic urbanuli menejmentis efeqtiuri meTodebis ganviTarebis uSualo monawileni iyvnen, axla eZeben praqtikul gzebs, rom moqalaqeebTan, rogorc SuamavlebTan erTad, imuSaon, raTa maT daadginon da daicvan Tavisi sakuTari memkvidreoba.

3. integracia damatebiTi miznebiT.menejmentis warmatebuli meTodebi sazogadoebis da kerZo seqtoris saqmianobis sxva mar-

Tebul miznebTanacaa integrirebuli.urbanuli konservaciis bevr programaSi, mag., sacxovrebeli saxlebis reabilitaciis xar-

jebi maT mobinadreebzea dakisrebuli. rodesac kerZo pirebs ar ZaluZT aseTi xarjebis gaw-eva, maT xSirad asaxleben ganaxlebuli ubnebidan. es movlena axla cnobilia ̀ jentrifikaciis~ saxelwodebiT.

memkvidreobis konservaciis kritikisas mis elitarul xasiaTs aRniSnaven xolme an ambo-ben, rom is ausicocxloebs erT dros sicocxliT savse urbanul ubnebs, TiTqos `aqvavebs~. Cveulebriv, aseT Sedegs viRebT maSin, rodesac nebas aZleven konservaciuli samuSaoebi sxva miznebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe Catardes.

amis sapirispirod, xSirad memkvidreobis dacvis saqmes ziani adgeba, rodesac TvalTaxed-vidan eparebaT misi unari gadawyvitos sxva problemebi, radgan mas ZaluZs, magaliTad, mogvces sasurveli farTi zomier qirad, an mianiWos sasurveli ieri romelime sawarmoo dawesebule-bas. konservaciis programebma SeiZleba pozitiuri ekonomikuri zegavlena iqonion mis mimde-bare raionebzec ki. magaliTad, reabilitaciis yoveli proeqti warmoSobs samuSao adgilebs samSeneblo industriaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, zrdis moTxovnilebas sakvebze, sacxovrebelze da sayofacxovrebo momsaxureobaze.

praqtikul doneze, am saxis integracia SeiZleba dawyebul iqnes ganviTarebis winadade-bebis ganxilviT `saTanado ganviTarebis~ perspeqtividan. aseTi midgoma moiTxovs sxvadasxva interesebis warmomadgenlebis SeTanxmebas imaze, Tu ras unda emsaxurebodes es ganviTareba _ mogebis miRebas? esTetikur mimzidvelobas? xelmisawvdomobas? memkvidreobis xasiaTis pa-tiviscemas? _ da ra gavlena unda hqondes TiToeul maTgans. am midgomas bevri dadebiTi mxare aqvs: igi xels uwyobs winaswari SeTanxmebis miRwevas sakiTxebze, romlis TvalSisacemma detalebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi reaqcia (da aqedan gamomdinare, az-rTa polarizacia); igi warmoSobs mosazrebebs sasurveli Sedegebis misaRebad da qmnis gonier safuZvels swori arCevanis gakeTebisaTvis.

4. winaaRmdegobrivi menejmentisadmi dadebiTi midgoma.integrirebuli midgomis Tanmdevi aris dadebiTi midgomebis gaziareba winaaRmdegobrivi

gadawyvetilebebis mimarT.istoriul samosaxloebSi SeiZleba warmoiSvas ori mravlismomcveli tipis winaaRmdegoba:

konfliqti memkvidreobis dacvis interesebsa da samosaxlos ganviTarebas Soris da konfliq-

- �� -

ti samoqalaqo administraciaSi konkurirebad interesebs Soris.cxovrebiseul situaciebSi konfliqtebis mogvareba SesaZlebelia mxolod or mxares So-

ris saerTo interesebis dadgenis gziT. saamisod Cveulebriv saWiroa msjelobis done mizneb-sa da ZiriTad saTqmelze fokusamde amaRldes. calkeuli pirebi, romlebic xSirad kamaTis sakiTxis erT mxares imyofebian, ver Tanxmdebian miznis miRwevis meTodebze, an kidev gzadagza Sematebuli amocanebis Taobaze. magram isini iSviaTad kamaToben dasaxuli miznis Tvisebe-bze. dapirispirebisas, ganxilvis donis amaRlebisas memkvidreobis qomagebi da ganviTarebis momxreebi midian im daskvnamde, rom orive mxare dainteresebulia dadebiTi wvlili SesZinon samosaxlos. am aRmoCeniT isini erT mxares – sul cota, erT donze, _ xvdebian da bevrad ad-vili xdeba SeuTanxmebel detalebTan mibruneba. dapirispirebis dacxroba Rirebuli teqnikaa, magram sasurveli Sedegis misaRebad igi Cveulebriv moiTxovs profesionalebis daxmarebas.

5. kulturuli adaptaciis unari.warmatebulma strategiam unda agvaridos Tavidan kulturuli tendenciebis importirebac.

sakamaTo ar aris, rom konservacia `holistur~ damokidebulebas unda gulisxmobdes; da mainc, msoflio kultura imdenad gansxvavebulia Tavisi miswrafebebiT, organizaciebiT da Rirebule-bebiT, rom holistur midgomas, an konservaciis romelime sxva princips sxvadasxva samyaroSi sruliad gansxvavebuli interpretacia SeiZleba mieces. dasavleT samyaros ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro aRmoCnda partnioroba mTavrobis mastabilizirebel Zalebsa (vinc zrunavs sazogadoebis keTildReobaze konkretul sferoSi) da kerZo seqtoris mewarmeebs Soris, romlebic `riska-ven~ Tavis kapitals piradi (da sazogadoebrivi) miznebis misaRwevad; socialisturma samyarom mTeli pasuxismgebloba saxelmwifos xelSi moaqcia; ganviTarebadma samyarom ki miiRo sargebeli orive wyarodan, eris politikuri orientaciis Sesabamisad. gansakuTrebuli kulturuli prob-lema mdgomareobs cvlilebis tempSi, romelic cdilobs Caatios ganviTarebis saukuneebi aTeul wlebSi iseT qveynebSi, sadac ar arsebobs modernizaciis tradicia. aseT qveynebSi ZeglTa dacvis sferoSi momuSave adamianebs moeTxovebaT uari Tqvan cocxal tradiciebze, imisTvis rom Semdgom ukeTesad daicvan isini da mouwodon sazogadoebas aseve moiqces. bevri `ganviTarebadi qveyana~ axla cdilobs gadaWras es Tavsatexi da yuradRebas _ konservaciis saxeliT, _ tradiciuli cxovrebis gzis sicocxlis SenarCunebas uTmobs, Tanac gaucnobiereblad.

g. dagegmvis sakiTxebi istoriul qalaqebSi: konkretuli SemTxvevebis analizi

Sesavali

istoriul qalaqebsa da urbanul raionebSi Sesabamisi sakonservacio samuSaoebis da pro-gramebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa moiTxovs gansjis unars, Tu ramdenad efeqtiurad miaRw-evs SemoTavazeba sazogadoebisaTvis sasurvel Sedegebs. Cveulebriv, am Sedegebis gansazRvra dagegmvis procesis gamoyenebiT xdeba.

es procesi martivi da racionaluria; misi warmateba moiTxovs xuTi erTmaneTis momdevno nabijis gadadgmas:

dagegmvis procesi

�. arsebuli viTarebis analizi;

�. sasurveli viTarebis analizi (xedva);

�. sasurveli Sedegebis gansazRvra (rac aucilebelia xedvis misaRwevad);

�. Sesaferisi saSualebebis arCevani sasurveli Sedegebis misaRwevad;

�. monitoringi: strategiis mimoxilva da dazusteba.

umetesi qalaqebi, didi Tu patara, istoriuli Tu axali, maTi strategiis da programebis SesamuSaveblad dagegmvis process iyenebs. Tu konservacia kargad iqneba procesSi Serwymuli,

- �� -

xedvis ganacxadSi (nabiji meore) konservaciis miznebic Seva. istoriul qalaqebSi mesame nabi-jis gadadgma wrmoSobs Sedegebs, rac Sors cdeba binaTmowyobis da transportis moZraobis regulirebis miznebs da moicavs istoriuli elementebis fizikur Tvisebebs, romlebic saer-To strategiis xelSewyobas saWiroebs.

Sedegebis oficialuri angariSi, sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia memkvidreobis Tvisebe-bze, daakonkretebs im faqtorebs, romlebic identificirebuli iyo maSin, rodesac RirsSesan-iSnavi adgili Sevida msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi. Tu isini Camoyalibda, es iZleva safuZv-els, romlis mixedviT Semowmdeba meoTxe etapze SerCeuli konservaciis potenciuri strate-giis zemoqmedeba.

imisTvis, rom dagegmvis procesma Zalmosileba da kanoniereba moipovos, unda Catardes maqsimalurad farTo speqtris samuSaoebi, sanam uSualod memkvidreobaze (Tu razec gnebavT sxvaze) daviwyebdeT zrunvas. pirveli nabijis dros saSualeba unda mogveces davadginoT qa-laqis yvela susti da Zlieri mxare: infrastruqturis mdgomareoba, samuSao adgilebis arse-boba, kulturuli ganviTareba, garemo pirobebi. nabiji meore, imis mixedviT Tu ra viTareba daxvdaT da dafuZnebuli imis xedvaze, Tu ra aris `sasurveli~, gvaZlevs saSualebas davadgi-noT nebismieri, nabij pirvelisas moniSnuli mxaris sasurveli mdgomareoba (infrastruqtu-ris mdgomareoba, samuSao adgilebis arseboba, kulturuli ganviTareba, garemo pirobebi) .

mesame safexuri calkeul amocanebs usaxavs programebsa da saqmianobas da adgens yovel zemoganxilul sferoSi sasurvel Sedegs da saqmianobas _ `arissa~ da `sanatrels~ Soris amo-savseb Sualeds.

nabiji meoTxe SesaZleblobas iZleva gavaanalizoT xelmisawvdomi saSualebebi (mag., ga-dasaxadebis amoReba, momsaxureobis Semcireba, ganaTleba, axali proeqtebi da programebi, Zveli programebis restruqturizacia), romelTac ZaluZT migviyvanon nabij mesameSi dasaxul miznebamde. da bolos, nabiji mexuTe iZleva imis saSualebas, rom gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT miznebi iyos zustad Sexmatkbilebuli, xolo programebi ki dazustebuli arsebuli gamoc-dilebis Sesabamisad.

dagegmvis procesis pirveli da meore nabijebi daadgens qalaqis mraval sazrunavs, rac prioritetulia qalaqisaTvis. erT-erTi maTgani SesaZloa iyos misi konservaciis mdgomareo-ba. aRsaniSnavia, rom kvleva am etapze gamokveTavs konservaciis prioritets sxva sferoebTan (transporti, sabinao mSenebloba) SedarebiT.

mas Semdeg, rac dagegmva mkafio prioritetebis dadgenaSi dagvexmareba, procesi SeiZle-ba miusadagoT TiToeul maTgans TanamimdevrobiT, im mizniT, rom SevimuSavoT `moqmedebis gegma,~ rac gamowvlilavs yoveli prioritetuli sazrunavis SigniT gamokveTili amocanebis misaRwevad saWiro programebsa da saqmianobas.

Tu dagegmvis Sedegad gairkveva, rom konservacia mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, procesi daad-gens damatebiT Tvisebebs, magaliTad, rogoricaa qvis wyobis avTenturoba Sua saukuneebis qalaqSi. amis Semdeg igi daadgens aseTi qvis wyobis bunebas, mdgomareobas da warmoSobas, Ses-rulebis ostatobis da Canafiqris sayuradRebo aspeqtebs da SemorCenili qvis wyobis sasurvel mdgomareobas. saTanado RonisZiebebis SerCeva unda moicavdes sakiTxebsa Tu SesaZleblobas inventarizaciis Catarebis, SekeTebis, wardgenis, monitoringis da kontrolirebul midgomas yvela saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad. zemod dasmul sakiTxebTan da arsebul resursebTan da SezRudvebTan dakavSirebiT, procesma unda warmoaCinos Sesaferisi programis elementebi imisTvis, rom davicvaT da gavaumjobesoT qalaqis Sua saukuneebis qvis wyobis avTenturoba.

rodesac sxva Tvisebebs eniWebaT upirvelesi mniSvneloba _ vTqvaT, tradiciuli kon-struqciis meTodebis SenarCuneba aliziT nageb qalaqSi _ gasagebia, rom programas sxva mimar-Tuleba eZleva da yuradReba maxvildeba ara imdenad memkvidreobis xelSesaxeb mowmobebze, aramed ufro adamianur aspeqtebze: Cvevebze, maT gadacemaze, ganaTlebaze da sxva.

maSin, rodesac dagegmvis procesis logika sruliad sworxazovania, praqtikaSi igi xSirad ugulibeliyofa im programebis sasargeblod, romlebic garegnulad momxibvlelia, an poli-tikur mogebas gvTavazobs. magram, rac unda iyos mizezi, es yovelTvis zians ayenebs sazoga-doebis memkvidreobas da mis grZelvadian ganviTarebas.

sistematurma dagegmvam SesaZloa bevri sargebeli moitanos:

• yvelasgan mowonebuli samosaxlos momavlis xedva, Tu gamoiyofa Sesaferisi dro da monacemebis demonstrireba, romlebic dakvirvebas da analizs eTmoba;

• sasurveli Sedegebis mkafio Camoyalibeba da albaToba imisa, rom arCeuli meqanizmebi aseT Sedegebs gamoiRebs;

• ganviTarebis uwyvetoba da programebis da strategiis dazusteba.

- �� -

samuSao furceli #2

dagegmvis procesis ZiriTadi qmedebebi

1. arsebuli viTarebis analizi:

• qveynis susti da Zlieri mxareebis farTo gansazRvra: aq Sedis memkvidreobis is maxasiaTebelni, romlebic aniWeben mas individualobas da isinic, romlebis mas aknineben;

• zogi qveynebi analizis Casatareblad irCeven daxvewil analitikur formebs, magali-Tad, SWOT analizs (Zlieri mxareebs, susti mxareebis, SesaZleblobebisa da safrTxeebis Sefaseba); sxvebi kmayofildebian dadebiTisa da uaryofiTis SejamebiT;

• ra meTodic unda avirCioT, dakvirveba gvmarTebs iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa transporti, sacxovrebeli, saxovneba, aRdgena, arqiteqturuli integracia, industriuli safuZveli da sxv.

2. sasurveli viTarebis analizi:

• dadgindes, rogoria sazogadoebis xdeva misTvis sasurveli mdgomareobisa; am SemTx-vevaSi, analizi moicavs konsultaciebs sazogadoebis yvelaze dainteresebul jgufebTan, raTa konsensusi miRweul iqnes sasurveli grZelvadiani imedebis safuZvelze;

• sasurvelia es xedva Camoyalibdes iseT kategoriebSi, rogoricaa sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSenebloba, transporti, garemos dacva da sxv.

3. sasurveli Sedegebis gansazRvra:

• formaluri dagegmvis metyvelebaSi am nabijs, Cveulebriv, uwodeben `gaTvladi miznebis dasaxvas,~ rodesac ganisazrvreba amocanebi, romliTac SeiZleba gaizomos pro-gresi;

• praqtikaSi igi moiTxovs arsebuli da sasurveli viTarebis yvela komponentis gaana-lizebas, maT Soris gansxvavebis dasadgenad; swored gansxvavebaa is, rac gansazRvravs Sede-gebs, riskenac mimarTuli iqneba Cven mier SerCeuli samuSaoebi;

• Sedegebi SeiZleba gamoixatos rogorc raodenobrivad, ise xarisxobrivad: ekonomi-kuri bazis gadaadgileba erTi seqtoridan meoreSi; arqiteqturis damaxasiaTebeli Tvise-bebis dacva an gaumjobeseba, rac gansazRvravs adgilis xasiaTs; sabinao fondis da sxva standartebis zrda.

4. Sesaferisi RonisZiebebis analizi da arCevani:

• rodesac Sedegebi mkafiod iqneba dadgenili, SesaZlebeli gaxdeba xelmisawvdomi strategiis mosalodneli efeqtiurobis gansazRvra;

• imisaTvis, rom davrwmundeT arCevanis SesabamisobaSi, am etapze aucilebelia gan-isazRvros damatebiTi kriteriumebi, rasac unda pasuxobdes SerCeuli meTodi (xelmis-awvdomi resursebi, marTvis SezRudvebi, qveynis standartebi) da SemuSavdes da Semowmdes SeZlebisdagvarad didi raodenobis gansxvavebuli variantebi;

• bevr qveyanaSi es aris dagegmvis procesis marcxis etapi, rodesac dauzustebel varaudebs eyrdnobian, an rodesac garkveuli meTodebis winmswrebi popularoba CaSlis gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process.

5. mimoxilva da dazusteba

• SerCeuli amocanebis Sesabamisobis monitoringi realisturi da sasargebli krite-riumebiT uzrunvelyofiT, romelTa Tanaxmad ganisazRvreba adgilze meTodebis efeqti-uroba;

• gamoyenebuli RonisZiebebis efeqtiurobis monitoringi; iq, sadac isini ar gaamar-Tleben, maTi Senacvleba an Secvla miRebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze.

- �� -

1. integrirebuli konservacia dagegmvis procesSi

Sesavali

Cveni istoriuli qalaqebis istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Rirebulebebi mxolod maSin iqneba saTanadod dafasebuli da daculi, rodesac konservaciis miznebi gaxdeba qalaqis mTav-robis yoveli Semadgeneli erTeulis fiqris da zrunvis sagani. manam, sanam mag., is samsaxuri, romelic transportis sakiTxebiTaa dakavebuli, Tavis miznebs konservaciis kriteriumebis gareSe ganaxorcielebs, qalaqis istoriul da arqiteqturul simdidres safrTxe emuqreba.

dagegmvis procesSi konservaciis saWiroebaTa Semoyvana gadawyvetilebis miRebis si-brtyeze, Cveulebriv mTel rig paraleluri an logikurad momdevno iniciativebisac moiTxovs:

• aucilebelia sazogadoebis mxridan daxmarebis waxaliseba da Cveneba imisa, rom mem-kvidreobis sakiTxebi sazogadoebis yofis mniSvnelovani nawilia;

• qalaqis samoqmedo gengegmisa da Tanmdevi, meoradi gegmebis damuSaveba unda iTval-iswinebdes memkvidreobis konservaciis amocanebs da maTi miznebs;

• istoriuli qalaqebis administraciulma struqturebma ara marto unda SeiTavson konservaciis funqcia Tavis saqmianobaSi, aramed unda uzrunvelyon misi mxardaWera; yoveli sfero an ganyofileba valdebulia scnos konservacia, rogorc misi pasux-ismgeblobis nawili;

• konservaciis politikis gezis ganviTareba unda exebodes ara marto `istoriul nawils,~ aramed man unda moicvas mTeli qalaqi da misi Semogareni;

• istoriuli qalaqi mzad unda iyos dauxvdes gabatonebul sabazro Zalebs, raTa sa-Tanadod daicvas konservaciis da sxva cxovrebis xarisxis sxva miznebi; aseT SemTx-vevaSi `saTanado ganviTareba~ da ara ubralod `ganviTareba~ xdeba mTavari mizani. yovel samosaxloSi sajiro ganxilvis gziT unda gamaxvildes yuradReba im kriteri-umebze, romliTac ganisazRvreba, Tu ra aris `Sesaferisi~ am mocemul konteqstSi.

1.1. konservaciis mxardaWeris ganviTareba

konservaciis efeqtiuri politika moiTxovs farTo sazogadoebriv mxardaWeras. da ms-gavsad sxva ideebisa Tu sarfisa, aseTi politikis sikeTe aSkara ar gaxlavT yvela sazogadoe-brivi jgufisaTvis, Tu mis gasaTvalsaCinoeblad raime ar gakeTda.

konservaciis qomagebma, romlTac surT, rom maTma gzavnilma moipovos maqsimaluri mx-ardaWera, SeiZleba didi sargebeli naxon im analizidan, rasac awarmoeben muSaobisas market-ingis specialistebi: mosacveli bazris mkafio gansazRvra da Sesabamisi gzavnilis gamokveTa.

rogoric unda iyos Cveni damokidebuleba RirebulebaTa `gayidvis~ marketinguli te-qnologiebis mimarT, aSkaraa, rom am sferos specialistebma SeimuSaves mTeli wyeba anali-tikuri meTodebisa da mastimulirebeli meqanizmebisa, rac exmareba maT dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi. am meTodebs SeuZliaT didi daxmarebis gaweva memkvidreobis gzavnilisaTvis xelSe-mwyobi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad.

konservaciis muSakTa jgufebi, kerZod, dasavlur samyaroSi, yovelTvis ver axerxeben sa-Tanado xibli SesZinon Tavis keTilSobilur saqmes. maSin, rodesac garemos dacvis saqme sax-alisod `mwvanedaa~ Semosili, memkvidreobis dacva jerac aRiqmeba, rogorc sasxvaTaSoriso saqmianoba. msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebma daiwyes Tavisi saerTo saqmis gayidva market-ingis saRi meTodebis Tanaxmad, rogorc saerTo dovlaTisa da amiT am Seusabamobas brZola gamoucxades.

1.2. integrirebuli administraciuli struqturebi

Cveulebriv, qalaqis xelmZRvanelebi qmnian Sida struqturebs, romlebic kisrulo-ben momsaxurebis calkeul sferoebs. sxvadasxva samsaxurebze pasuxismgebeli ganyofilebis gamgeebi erTmaneTs ejibrebian, raTa miiRon saWiro saxsrebi maTze dakisrebuli davalebis

- �7 -

Sesasruleblad. mas Semdeg, rac qalaqis administracia aRiarebs memkvidreobis dacvas misi saqmianobis mniSvnelovan sferod, am sakiTxze pasuxismgebeli pirebi gadadian qalaqgegmarebis ganyofilebaSi, radgan swored dagegmvis meqanizmis meSveobiT erTveba qalaqi konservaciis saqmeSi.

manam, sanam memkvidreobis dacva miCneuli iqneba `momsaxurebad,~ misi SesaZleblobani damokidebuli iqneba im calkeuli xmebis Tu samsaxurebis Zalaze, romlebic sazogadoebrivi ganxilvis dros icaven mis Rirsebas. ZeglTa dacvis departamentSi TanamSromelTa raode-nobis gazrda ar warmoadgens erTaderT saSualebas konservaciis ideebis dasamkvidreblad; arc specialuri erTeulis Seqmna, romelic koordinacias gauwevs konservaciis samuSaoebs da miznebs sxvadasxva ganyofilebebs Soris, uSvelis saqmes. Tu, bolos da bolos, vaRiarebT kon-servacias sruluflebian samoqalaqo amocanad, imgvari ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad, sadac sakon-servacio saqmianoba yiveldRiuri Cveva gaxdeba, ufro sasargeblo iqneba saTanado `midgomis~ gaRviveba sxva departamentebSi.

konkretuli SemTxvevebis analizi

g. 1. 2. integrirebuli administraciuli struqturebi

edinburgi, Sotlandia

edinburgis axali qalaqis konservaciis komitetis Seqmna

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaedinburgi Sua sakuneebis qalaqia. Tavdapirveli qalaqi, ganlagebuli vulkanuri Txemis

orive mxares da mdinare fortis SesarTavidan qveynis Suagulisken, misi strategiuli mniSvn-elobis gamo iqna dasaxlebuli. mWidrod ganaSenianebul kldis ferds, romlis wverze aRmar-Tulia edinburgis cixe-simagre, xolo ZirSi holirudis sasaxle dgas, uWiravs roial mila _ grZeli quCa, xSirad gasaocari simaRlis XVI da XVII saukuneebis SenobebiT da gasaqiravebeli mrvalbiniani saxlebiT. maTi cxovelxatuli konturebi XVII saukunis graviorebis sayvareli obieqti iyo.

XVIII saukunis Sua xanamde misi mniSvnelovani zrda ar momxdara, maSin ki qalaqi gascda mis Sua saukuneebis sazRvrebs mTis qedamde, noris tbis miRma, rac SesaZlebeli gaxda tbis daS-robis da im adgilas xidis aSenebis Sedegad. georgianuli stilis axali qalaqi, romlis amo-savali jeims kreigis �7�7 wlis gegmaa, rasac Semdgomi samocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mravali ram daemata, warmoadgens georgianuli stilis qalaqgegmarebis da arqiteqturis unikalur harmoniul magaliTs.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciaedinburgi ar yofila dasaxelebuli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad.

3. kontaqtebi 1

Desmond Hodges (OBE)DirectorEdinburgh New TownConservation Commettee13 A Dundas StreetEdinburgh,Scotland EH3 6QGTel. 031. 557. 5222

1 konkretuli SemTxvevebis analizisas miTiTebuli sakontaqto misamarTebi mowodebulia ise, rogorc es mocemulia wignis �� wlis gamocemaSi (redaqtori).

- �� -

b. amocanebi

• erTi saagentos farglebSi erTiani centris Seqmna yvela saxis samuSaosTan daka-vSirebiT, rogoricaa edinburgis axali qalaqis kvleva, jandacva, konservacia da ganviTareba;

• Seiqmnas xelmisawvdomi arxi am raionis mosaxleobis kiTxvebis da interesebis daak-mayofilebs.

g. konteqsti��0-iani wlebis bolos edinburgis da, kerZod, georgianuli stilis axali qalaqis gadar-

CenisaTvis zrunvam ufro farTo xasiaTi miiRo. yuradReba gamaxvilda am raionis Senobebis mdgomareobaze, romelTac saukune-naxevars arcTu saukeTesod gauZles. gansakuTrebiT Zli-er dazianebuliyo kvamlsadenebi, karnizebi, moajiris rikulebi, qvis wyobis sartylebi, fan-jris arqitravebi, frontonebi, anu yvela dekoratiuli elementi, xSirad nakveTi ufro rbil qvaSi, vidre kedlebisTvis gamoyenebuli kregleiTis qva. cementiT Sesrulebulma SekeTebam gaamartiva ornamentis konturebi da daaCqara daSlis tempi. sazrunavi Seiqmna agreTve is safrTxec, rac emuqreboda georgianuli stilis ansamblebis TvalnaTlobasa da harmoniulo-bas. sacalo vaWrobis zrdam xeli Seuwyo erTsarTuliani maRaziebis gaCenas klasikuri fasa-debis win mTavar savaWro quCebze. transportis moZraobis zrdiT gamowveulma vibraciam da daWuWyianebam ki safrTxe Seuqmna nagebobebs, amasTan maT mimarT ufro ugulisyuro gaxda sazogadoebac, romelic moiTxovda manqanebis met sadgomebs.

am mravalgvar saSiSroebaTa winaSe, rac safrTxes uqmnida odesme SeqmnilTagan erT-erTi yvelaze mSvenieri arqiteqturuli ansamblis Semdgom arsebobas, sxvadasxva dawesebulebaTa da interesTa warmomedgenlebma ��70 wels moiwvies konferencia georgianuli edinburgis konservaciis Taobaze.

konferenciam daadastura edinburgis saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba da xeli Seuwyo edin-burgis axali qalaqis konservaciis komitetis Seqmnas.

d. midgomaedinburgis axali qalaqis konservaciis komitetma muSaoba ��7� wels daiwyo. Tavdapir-

velad igi daarsda adgilobrivi da erovnuli mTavrobebis finansuri mxardaWeriT im mizniT, rom mas exelmZRvanela da gamoeyenebina grantiT miRebuli daxmareba axal qalaqis farglebSi calkeuli obieqtebisaTvis.

Zalian male naTeli gaxda, rom grantis Sesabamisi gamoyenebisaTvis gadawyvetilebis mis-aRebad aucilebeli iyo safuZvliani momzadeba, kerZod, axali qalaqis samSeneblo meTodebis da masalebis codna. am mizniT SemuSavda da daiwera ZeglTa movla-patronobis saxelmZRvanelo saxelwodebiT _ ̀ georgianuli Senobebis movla da konservacia,~ axla ukve mexuTejer gadamuSave-buli, romelic male gaxda modeli imisa, Tu mosaxleT ra praqtikuli saxis informacia unda hqondeT Sesaferisi saremonto samuSaoebis CatarebisaTvis swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

saqmianobis daaxlovebiT oci wlis ganmavlobaSi, komitetma, romelic moqmedebda danba-sis quCis �� nomerSi `maRaziis vitrinaSi~ ganTavsebuli ofisidan, gankarga grantebis saxiT miRebuli 7.� milion funtze meti da SeZlo SeekeTebina am raionis Senobebis mesamedze meti. es qmedebebi imdenad warmatebuli gamodga, rom �� Seiqmna msgavsi wamowyeba, romelsac dae-kisra edinburgis Zveli qalaqis konservaciis Tanxebis gankargva da gaZRola.

komiteti uzrunvelyofs raionis mosaxleobas mTeli rigi sayofacxovrebo momsaxureo-bebiT. igi moqmedebs arqiteqturis gadarCenis programis Sesabamisad da edinburgis olqis farglebSi xelaxla iyenebs iseT detalebs, rogoricaa aivnebi, karebi, moajirebi da bux-rebi. komiteti agreTve gvTavazobs teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis inspeqciis yovelwliur samsax-urs, rac savaldebuloa, Tu obieqtma mniSvnelovani SekeTeba ganicada. garda amisa, komiteti gvTavazobs zafxulis TveebSi Zvel qalaqSi organizebuli TiTo kviris gatarebas da gamos-cems Sesabamis megzurebs. wignebi, rukebi da foto masala iyideba komitetis ofisSi; amas garda, Seqmnilia Sesatyvisi biblioTeka da cvalebadi gamofena.

SeniSvna:masala momzadda edinburgis axali qalaqis konservaciis komitetis xelmZRvanelis, des-

mond hojis daxmarebiT da komitetis 1989-90 wlebis yovelwliuri angariSis safuZvelze.

- �� -

g. 1. 2. integrirebuli administraciuli struqturebi

romi, italia

istoriuli centrebis marTvis ofisi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaromi daarsebuli iyo Zv. welTaRricxvis VIII saukuneSi. igi iyo romis imperiis dedaqalaqi

Cveni welTaRricxviT I saukunidan V saukunemde, mas aqeT ki qristianuli samyaros dedaqa-laqi da papis samyofelia. ��70 wels igi gaxda italiis gaerTianebuli samefos dedaqalaqi, xolo ��0 wels msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqad iqna dasaxelebul. romi axlac miCneulia gansakuTrebuli religiuri da politikuri mniSvnelobis qalaqad. cota qalaqs Tu moepoveba aseT SezRudul farTobze am raodenobis mxatvruli qmnileba, romlebic uzarmazar gavlenas axdenen msoflios xelovnebasa da arqiteqturaze.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciapirveli SeTavazeba, romelic waredgina msoflio memkvidreobis komitets gansaxilve-

lad, exeboda mxolod avreliusis xanis galavanSi arsebul antikuri xanis mTavar Zeglebs. aq ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli safortifikacio nagebobebi, Sua saukuneebis urbanuli qsovili, an aRorZinebis xanis religiuri da samoqalaqo Senobebi. ufro metic, kedlebs miRma mdebare, ma-gram masTan dakavSirebuli raionebi, iseTi rogorc via apia antika, ponte milvo, konstantines periodis didebuli bazilikebi da qalaqi vatikani, aseve ar iyo CarTuli Tavdapirvel nomina-ciaSi. romis siaSi Setanidan aTi wlis Semdeg sazRvrebi gafarTovda da moicva urban VIII-is XVII saukunis galavani da papis kuTvnili gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis zRudis gareTa obieqtebi.

romi nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad I, II, III da VI kriteriumebis Tanaxmad.

3. kontaqtebiFrancesco Giovanetti,Uffico specialeper gli interventi sulCentro Storico,Piazzale Victor Hugo,1, 00197 Rome,Tel. 39.6.844.2787844.282.

b. amocanebi

• municipalur mTavrobaSi Seiqmnas centri yvela saxis saqmianobis sakoordinaciod, rac zegavlenas iqoniebs istoriuli centrebis konservaciaze;

• moxdes konservaciis saSualebebis da gamocdilebis koncentracia, romelic Sesa-Zlebels gaxdis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis marTvis, dokumentaciis Sedgenisa da dacvisadmi uaRresad daxvewili da farTo midgomis ganviTarebas da testirebas.

g. konteqstiXIX saukunidan moyolebuli romi axleburi gegmarebis da ganviTarebis zegavlenis obi-

eqti gaxda, Tumca cvlilebebi nela momdinareobda. romSi mSeneblobis or mniSvnelovani pe-riodi gamoiyofa: pirveli _ ��70-dan �� wlamde, rodesac, magaliTad, aSenda bevri dRevan-deli saministro da lungoteveres gzebi. meore periodi dadga meore msoflio omis Semdeg; am dros qalaqi Zalian swrafad gaizarda; sacxovrebelma funqciebma nawilobriv gadainacvla istoriuli qalaqis centridan da am raionebSi moxda administraciuli, biznesis da mom-saxureobis sferos koncentracia, rasac Sesabamisad mohyva kerZo transportis raodenobis zrda. mosaxleoba sacxovreblad periferiaSi gadavida; istoriuli centris SigniT mosaxleo-bis raodenobam iklo ��0,000 mosaxlidan �� wels, ��0,000-mde ��7� wels.

- 70 -

�� wels daamtkices romis axali gengegma, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo qalaqis ga-lavnis SigniT mdebare teritoriis gansakuTrebuli dacva. magram am procesebis samarTavad ar yofila miRebuli winaswari zomebi, ratomac ukontrolo cvlilebebma da Senobebis dan-grevam didi ziani miayena istoriul qsovils da safrTxe Seuqmna mis momaval arsebobas. amis gamo SeSfoTebis da zrunvis niSnad da rogorc ��7� wels evropul memkvidreobaSi Setanil wvlili, `italia nostram~, kerZo pirTagan Semdgarma organizaciam, moawyo samecniero kvleva da gamofena, romelic exeboda istoriuli qsovilisa da romSi Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis arsebul mdgomareobas. am gamokvlevam yuradReba gaamaxvila im saSiSroebis xas-iaTze, rac istoriul centrs emuqreboda.

es adgilobrivi sazrunavi daemTxva italiaSi istoriuli qalaqebis konservaciis axali progresuli politikis SemuSavebas, rasac Tan mohyva misi mxardamWeri kanonebis miReba. ��7� wels, cvlilebebs adgilobriv administraciaSi moyva xelovnebaTmcodne profesor julio karlo arganis qalaqis merad dasaxeleba. mokle xanSi, Seiqmna qalaqis istoriuli centris konservaciis samuSaoebis koordinaciis da dagegmvis axali ofisi: “Uffico speciale per gli inter-venti sul Centro Storico.”

d. midgomaaxali “Uffico speciale per gli interventi sul Centro Storico”-s mizani iyo yofiliyo sakoordina-

cio erTeuli qalaqis istoriuli raionis sxvadasxva saxis dagegmviT samuSaoebSi, misi kon-servaciis sakeTildReod. am dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneloba daevala profesor vitoria kal-colari-gios, romelsac ukve hqonda miRebuli monawileoba italia nostras zemoxsenebul samecniero kvlevaSi da romlis movaleobaSi Sedioda im masalis gamovlena da Segroveba, ro-melic manamde momzadebuli iyo sxvadasxva akademiur da sxva saxis dawesebulebebSi. ��-�� wlebSi es saqmianoba gagrZelda profesor karlo aimononos xelmZRvanelobiT; xolo amJamad pasuxismgebeli eqspert-konsultanti aris batoni paolo baticuzi. batoni bruno kusino aris dawesebulebis axlandeli teqnikuri direqtori.

dawesebulebis amocanebi iyo:

• istoriul centrSi sacxovrebeli funqciebis SenarCuneba, gaumjobeseba da Seqmna;

• istoriuli centris mniSvnelobis da misi saTanado gamoyenebis xelaxali Sefaseba, mis kulturul, urbanul da politikur RirebulebebTan mimarTebiT;

• istoriuli qalaqis, misi mniSvnelovani istoriuli niSnebis, (arqeologiuri nakrZa-lebis da `urbanuli peizaJebis~ CaTvliT) garemosmieri rekvalifikaciis momzadeba.

ganxorcielebul iqna mTeli rigi proeqtebisa. isini gulisxmobda gansakuTrebul guli-syurs municipalur mflobelobaSi myofi sacxovrebeli saxlebis reabilitaciisadmi. ��7�-��0 wlebSi cxra obieqtze mimdinareobda samuSaoebi, rac moicavda ��0 sacxovrebel binas, ��00 oTaxs (Sesabamisi socialuri momsaxureobebiTurT), aseve 7� adgilobriv maRazias da xelosanTa saxelosnos. garda amisa, samuSaoebi dawyebuli iyo mTel rig sazogadoebriv Seno-bebSi. es ricxvebi, SesaZloa mokrZalebulad gamoiyurebodes, magram es iyo qalaqis mier mcxovrebTa sargeblobisaTvis restavrirebuli pirveli sacxovrebeli saxlebi. yuradReba pirvelad daeTmo xeibrebis da sxva umciresobebis daxmarebas.

erTerTi mTavari problema, romelic warmoiSva am samuSaoebisas, amosavali informaciis na-kleboba iyo. aseve Zneli gamodga mudmivad imis Setyoba, Tu ra moqmedeba ganaxorcieles munici-palitetisa Tu saxelmwifos sxva dawesebulebebma da departamentebma. gaumjobesebuli koor-dinaciis da zedamxedvelobis Sedegad SeCerebuli da sasamarTlos gadacemuli iqna mTeli rigi ukanonod warmoebuli ganaxlebis da `restavraciis~ samuSaoebi. umetesad aseT samuSaoebSi Se-dioda istoriuli Senobis mTliani gardasaxva da/an Senobaze damatebiTi sarTulis daSeneba.

garda municipalitetis sxva ganyofilebebTan mudmivi TanamSromlobisa calkeul in-tervenciebisa da sareabilitacio proeqtebis gamo, rac Catarda istoriuli qalaqis yvela nawilSi, dawesebulebam Tavisi yuradReba gaamaxvila im dokumentebis ganaxlebaze, romlebic exeboda istoriuli qalaqis rogorc warsul, ise axlandel mgomareobas. amJamad es gulisx-mobs monacemTa kompiuteruli bazis Seqmnas. aseve Seswavlil iqna istoriuli nagebobebis mSeneblobis teqnologia, ris Sedegad gamovlinda saintereso meTodi, romelic saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas II manuale del recupero (saxelmZRvanelo reabilitaciisaTvis).

bolo wlebSi warmoCenili mTavari problema mdgomareobs municipalitetis sxva gan-

- 7� -

yofilebebTan da saxelmwifo moxeleebTan TanamSromlobis mudmiv siZneleebSi. sirTuleebi gvxvdeba agreTve kerZo moqalaqeebTan urTierTobisas. bevr SemTxvevaSi municipalitetis TanamSromeli ver yofnis urbanuli garemo pirobebis gaumjobesebis efeqtiuri gegmis je-rovnad warmoeCenas. am dawesebulebis arsebobis dadebiTi mxare ki mdgomareobs imaSi, rom man Seitana mniSvnelovani cvlileba istoriuli qsovilis da misi mdgomareobis gacnobierebaSi, iseve rogorc masTan mopyrobis axali midgomis winwamowevaSi.

Italia Nostra, Roma sbagliata le consequenze sul centro storico. Contributo della sezione romano di Italia Nostra all’anno europeo del partimonio architettonico, Bulzoni, Roma 1976.

Vittoria Calzulari, “La mise en valeur du centre historique, interventions et programmes 1976-1981,” Paris projet Amenagement, Urbanisime, Avenir, No 23.24, 1983, pp 125ff. Vittoria Calzolari, “Roma, il recupero del centro storico durante la prima Giunta di Sinista, 1976-1981,” Riuso urbano? Programmi, Progetti, Interventi Publici. Editor P.I. Paolillo, PEG Editrice, Edizione. Milano 1982. pp 113ff.

SeniSvna:am madaliTis masala SerCeuli iyo ori pirovnebis daxmarebiT _ Jukka Jokiletto of ICCROM

da Francesco Giovanetti of the “Ufficio speciale per gli interventi sul Centro Storico.”

1.3. gengegmebi

qalaqebis umetesoba iyenebs gengegmebs, rom SemogvTavazos zrdisa da ganviTarebis mimar-Tulebis saukeTeso gza drois gansazRvruli periodisaTvis da SeimuSavon ganviTarebis pro-cesTa SezRudvis Tu xelSewyobis sistema, romelic SesabamisobaSi iqneba saerTo xedvasTan. amas xSirad emateba meoradi gegmebi, sadac yoveli seqtori detalurad aris warmodgenili.

magram bevri qalaqi, gengegmebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, ugulvelyofen maT. gengegmebs, romlis Tanaxmad yoveli SemoTavazebuli agresiuli ganviTareba uaryofilia, naklebi real-uri Rirebuleba aqvT maTTvis, visac gadawyvetilebebis miReba evaleba.

istoriuli qalaqebi, sadac srulad da sasikeTodaa gamoyenebuli gengegmebis unari warm-arTos gadawyvetilebis miReba, amgvar gegmebs Semdeg sakiTxebsac daurTaven xolme:

• qalaqis sxvadasxva interesebis gaTvaliswineba gengegmis SemuSavebis dros;

• gengegmis miTiTebebis zusti da Tanamimdevruli dacva, ganviTarebis kvalad misi gadaxedvisa;

• gengegmaSi konservaciis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli gegmebis CarTva, im zonebis miTiTe-biT, romlebic gansakuTrebul movlas saWiroebs da am movlis raobac.


g. 1. 3. gengegmebi

baTi, gaerTianebuli samefo

landSaftebis koncepciis SemuSaveba

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaTanamedrove baTi ganlagebulia romis periodis akva sulis naqalaqarze, romelic aSenda

axali welTaRricxviT �0 wels im wyaroebis adgilas, sadac axlac moipoveben milion litrze met cxel wyals dReSi. romaul qalaqSi cxovreba ar Sewyvetila, Sua saukuneebSi qalaqi iq warmoebuli Saleulobis, revmatizmiT daavadebulTaTvis saavadmyofosa da religiuri gav-leniT gamoirCa.

da mainc, qalaqis mniSvnelovneba ganpirobebulia XVIII saukuneSi misi xelaxali dabadebiT

- 7� -

jon vudis (umcrosi da ufrosi), ralf alenisa da riCard `kopwia~ (“Beau”) neSis TaosnobiT, romleTac Tavisi arqiteqturuli moRvaweobiT surdaT eqciaT baTi mineraluri wylebis mo-dur kurortadac da evropaSi erTerT yvelaze lamaz qalaqadac, sadac arqiteqtura da land-Safti harmoniulad iqneboda Serwymuli da siamovnebas mianiWebda samkurnalod CasulT. maT qalaqs SesZines klasikuri ganlageba. jon vudi ufrosis �7�� wlis dedoflis moedani (Queen Square) da misive �7�� wlis mefeebis moedani (Kings Circus) warmoadgenen paladiuri orderis nimuSs. misi Svilis jon vud umcrosis moedani `samefo naxevarmTvare~ (�7�7-�77�) asaxavs ufro romantiul neo-klasikur stils, romelmac Semdgomi ganviTareba hpova �77� wlis same-jliso darbazebSi da tomas bolduinis �7�� wlis wylis tumboebis darbazSi.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciabaTi nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad gaerTianebuli samefos

mier, �� wlis dekemberSi, xolo damtkicebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis komitetis mier ��7 wlis dekemberSi.

nominacia eyrdnoboda IV kriteriumis punqts arqiteqturuli ansamblis gansakuTrebuli nimuSis Taobaze, sadac asaxulia istoriis mniSvnelovani etapi.

nominaciaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo qalaqis marTvis �� wlis daumtkicebeli gegmis siaSi Setanili ��00 Senobis dacvis aucileblobaze da im mniSvnelovani ansamblebis dacvaze, romlebic ganlagebuli iyo qalaqis centris moSorebiT (mag., praior parki). baTis adgilobrivi gegma miRebuli iyo ��0 wels, rogorc qalaqisaTvis kanonis Zalis mqone doku-menti.

3. dakavSirebaMr. Colin Fudge,Director ofEnvironmental Services,Bath City Council,Abbey Chambers, Bath,United Kingdom BAI INT,Tel.: 0225-46111,Fax: 0225-448536.

b. amocanebi

• qalaqis Rirebulebis aRiareba, rogorc mTelisa, sadac landSaftisa da arqiteqturis movla saukeTeso Sedegs gamoiRebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi integrirebul yaidaze iqneba warmoebuli;

• landSaftis rolis ukeT gacnobiereba qalaqis xasiaTis gansazRvrisas;

• dagegmvis procesis gamoyeneba raionis problemebis, moqmedebis arCevanis da maTTan dakavSirebuli dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis cxadsayofad.

g. konteqstimunicipaluri sabWos adgilobrivi gegmis konteqstSi, qalaq baTma axlaxan warmoadgina ba-

Tis landSaftis strategiis principebis monaxazi sazogadoebrivi ganxilvisaTvis. strategia wamoyenebuli iyo qalaqis dasaxmareblad gamklaveboda cvlilebebis im Zalebs, rac safrTxes uqmnida arsebul landSafts. am ZalebSi igulisxmeba bunebrivi zrda, metoqeoba biologiur saxeobebs Soris, xrwna da daavadeba, da adamianis saqmianoba. landSaftis gansazRvrebaSi Se-dis qalaqis Ria cis qveS mdebare yvela uSeni mwvane zona _ semogarenTa sivceebi, karmidamoTa Ria sivrceebi, parkebi da rekreaciuli zonebi, baRebi, sabostne miwis nakveTebi, gzis damreci kideebi, xeebi, tyeebi da yvela saxis wyalsacavebi. landSaftis koncefciis miswrafebaa da-icvas da gazardos is, rac sasargebloa, xolo naklebad kargi - gaaumjobesos; misi zrunvis sagania rogorc rigiTi da banaluri, ise iSviaTi da uCveulo obieqtebi.

startegia sam zonaSi viTardeba. zogierTi Zveli landSafti, romelTac miaRwies ganvi-Tarebis bolo etaps da daiwyes degradacia; isini saswrafo aRdgenasa da ganaxlebas moiTxovs. meore zonaSi Sedis is teritoriebi, romlebic ganicdian axali ganviTarebiT gamowveul ze-wolas, rac safrTxes uqmnis qalaqis mraval mwvane da Ria sivrces, anadgurebs xeebs, tyis masivebs da sxlteebs, iWreba bunebis cxovrebaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi dangrevisa da axliT Secv-

- 7� -

lis nacvlad, upratesoba eniWeba arsebuli landSaftis ganaxlebas da gaumjobesebas. mesame zonaSi igulisxmeba ararealizebuli potenciali: ganuviTarebeli landSaftebi qalaqis ga-reubnebSi da industriul centrSi, risi gamosworebac daakmayofilebda adgilobrivi mo-saxleobis moTxovnebs.

d. midgomaSemoTavazebuli koncepciis mizania `im samuSaoebis wamowyeba da gadaxedva, rac uzrun-

velyofs qalaqis landSaftis saTanado dacvas da movlas, ise rom misi xarisxi kidev ufro gaumjobesdes baTis macxovrebelTa da stumrebis sasikeTod.”

dokumentSi aRwerilia rva specifiuri meTodi, risi daxmarebiTac aris SesaZlebeli am miznebis miRweva.

sazogadoebrivi Ria sivrcis teritoriebis marTva:landSaftebis gaumjobesebis usafrTxoebisa da parkebis da rekreaciuli zonebis menej-

mentis grZelvadiani gegmebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, aseve meti xeebis dargviT quCebi-sa da trotuarebis gaswvriv.

sacxovrebeli masivebis landSaftebis gaumjobeseba:ise, rom maTac srulad Seitanon Tavisi SesaZleblobaTa wvlili qalaqis saerTo gareg-

nobaSi da iqac iyos momxibvleli sacxovrebeli garemo, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba garToba da dasveneba.

ganviTarebis samuSaoebis Catareba:gegmarebiT winadadebaSi landSaftebTan dakavSirebuli problemis drouli gaTvaliswine-

ba da proeqtis maRali standartis xelSewyoba; landSaftis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis danergva da menejmenti, sadac axali raionebis gaSenebis dros daviwyebuli ar iqneba arsebuli landSaftebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, arc sqemebis Semzadeba-miRebisas da arc Senebisas.

xeebze, sxlteebze da tyis masivebze zrunva:saRi xeebis, miwis masivebis da sxlteebis dacvis politikis xelaxali dadastureba, maTi

sococxlis xangrZlivobis gazrdis mizniT da maTi axliT Secvlis gegmis SemuSaveba. qalaqis tyis masivebis dacvis gegmis xelSewyoba, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba komunaluri gamoy-eneba, cocxali bunebis da metyeveobis saWiroebani.

kerZo seqtorTan da sxva sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis ganviTareba:regularuli kontaqtis damyareba mTavar miwaTmflobelebTan landSaftis efeqtiuri

dacvis mizniT, maTi miwebis menejmenti da mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba; amasTanave, menejmen-tis SeTanxmebis da grantis saxiT miRebuli daxmarebis gamoyeneba, sadac amis saWiroeba iqneba; parkebis, baRebis, eklesiis ezoebis da sasaflaoebis istoriuli mniSvnelobis dadgena da maTi konservaciis da restavraciis samuSaoebis xelSewyoba; kavSiris damyareba moxaliseebis jgufebTan da komerciul organizaciebTan landSaftis dacvis samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad; informaciis da rCevebis momzadeba individualur miwaTmflobelTaTvis; qalaqis landSaftis forumis daarseba landSaftis sakiTxebze msjelobebis sawarmoeblad da iseTi sakiTxebis wamoWra da finansuri mxardaWera, sadac yuradReba gamaxvildeba industriul centrze, qa-laqis misadgomebze da mdinaris gasavalze.

baTis samiwismoqmedo teritoriebis marTva:uwyveti sasikeTo wvlilis Setanis uzrunvelyofa qalaqis landSaftis mdgomareobaSi,

sadac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva qalaqis SigniT gamocalkevebuli sasoflo-sameur-neo miwebis momavals da sabWos mflobelobaSi myof sameurneo nakveTebs.

cocxali bunebis dacva:qalaqis cocxali bunebis ukeTesad gagebis da codnis xelSewyoba, raTa davicvaT igi gan-

viTarebis uaryofiTi Sedegebisagan da miwis da mdinareebis marTvis gaumjobeseba cocxali bunebis sakeTildReod da axali sacxovrisebis gaCenis mizniT.

- 7� -

mosaxleobasTan muSaoba:qalaqis sabWo samsaxurSi iyvans landSaftis kavSiris TanamSromels, visi movaleoba iqneba

am saqmeSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis CarTva, maTi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa gadawyvetile-bebis miRebaSi da aqtiuri rolis Sesruleba axlo-maxlo mdebare landSaftebis konservaciisa da gaumjobesebis praqtikuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas.

Tanmdevi msjelobebisas TiToeuli Tema, Tu meTodi igive wesiT ganixileba. saTanado sakiTxisadmi wamZRvanebul Sesavals mosdevs SemoTavazebuli ZiriTadi qmedebis dawvrilebiT garCeva (miznis warmoeCena, ise, rogorc zeviT) da xelSemwyobi Tanmdevi qmedebebis wyeba.

SeniSvna:gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT baton kristofer paunds, direqtoris moadgiles

politikis, konservaciis da landSaftis dacvis dargSi, misi ZalisxmevisaTvis gadaexeda da Seesworebina am sakiTxze Cvens mier momzadebuli masala.

g. 1. 3. gengegmebiferara, italia

1975 wlis gengegma

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaferara, �00,000 macxovrebliT dasaxlebuli qalaqi, romelic mdebareobs CrdiloeT it-

aliaSi, boloniisagan daaxlovebiT �0 kilometris moSorebiT, dasavleT evropaSi pirveli winaswar Sedgenili gegmiT aSenebuli qalaqi iyo. mosaxleobis daaxlovebiT naxevari cxov-robs istoriuli galavniT Semovlebul qalaqSi. ferara daarsebuli iyo rogorc komerciuli savaWro qalaqi Sua saukuneebSi, xolo XIV da XV saukuneebSi igi gadaiqca aRorZinebis qalaq-cixesimagred. �� wels warmoebulma mSeneblobam TiTqmis samjer gazarda misi teritoria, qalaqSi gaCnda baRebi, arxebis sistema da brwyinvale sasaxle. qalaqs didi mniSvneloba aqvs italiisa da evropisaTvis misi urbanuli gegmarebis gamo, fortifikaciuli sainJinro xe-lovnebis, aRorZinebis periodis arqiteqturis da baRebis, iseve rogorc ferwerasa da lit-eraturaSi mis mier Setanili wvlilis gamo. XVI saukunidan moyolebuli qalaqis ganviTareba SeCerebuli iyo papis administraciis mier da mxolod XX saukuneSi ganaxlda misi zrda.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciaferara ar yofila nominirebuli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad.

3. dakavSirebaCarlo CesariUfficio Centro Storico,Assessorato all’urbanistica,Comune di Ferrara,Palazzo Communale,44100 Ferrara, Italy.Tel.: 39-532-35001, 41936Fax: 39-532-740559

b. amocanebi

• gengegmis SemuSaveba, romelic daadgens prioritetebs yvela doneze gadawyvetilebis misaRebad;

• gengegmis SemuSaveba, sadac qalaqis sasurveli formis da zrdis SesaZleblobebis saer-To xedvis farglebSi; gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela interesebi;

• iseTi gengegmis SemuSaveba, romliTac vixelmZRvanelebT gegmarebis dros ise, rom mas-Si saWiro an misaRebi ar iyos xSiri `gamonaklisi~ daSveba.

- 7� -

g. konteqstimeore msoflio omis dros qalaqs garkveuli ziani miadga; omis Semdgomi gegmarebis mizani

iyo urbanuli struqturis zogadi ganaxleba. ��70-ian wlebSi qalaqSi daarsda gengegmis Se-muSavebis ofisi, romelmac gegmarebas axali orientacia misca, rac arsebuli realobis Rrma codnas efuZneboda.

��7� wlis gengegmis miznebi iyo:

�. istoriuli qalaqis dacva komerciuli xasiaTis aramizanmimarTuli cvlilebebisa-gan;

�. kulturul-istoriuli memkvidreobis, rogorc mniSvnelovani elementis integri-reba regionis socialur da ekonomikur konteqstSi;

�. istoriul struqturasTan SeuTavsebeli yvela funqciis gadatana sxva adgilas;

�. istoriuli raionis uzrunvelyofa yvela standartiTa da momsaxurebiT, rac aucile-belia misi axlandeli da momavali arsebobisaTvis;

�. komunikaciebis da transportis moZraobis problemebis iseTi gadawyvetilebis pov-na, rac Seesabameba yoveli raionis moTxovnilebas.

d. midgomagengegmaSi miTiTebulia, Tu ra saxis Carevaa SesaZlebeli yovel calkeul SenobaSi, misi

struqturis, SesaZlo gamoyenebis da konservaciis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.aseTi samuSaos Sesasruleblad, gegma iyenebs integrirebuli konservaciis principebs,

warmodgenils ��7� wlis evropis sabWos amsterdamis gancxadebaSi.gegmis mizania SeinarCunos istoriuli centris arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis fizikuri

da socialur-ekonomikuri simrTele da saqalaqo teritoria.gegmis amocanebi xorcieldeba `fizikuri konservaciis programis~ da `momsaxureobis

programis~ meSveobiT.fizikuri konservaciis programa Seicavs rukas, sadac miTiTebulia istoriuli Senobebis

da Ria sivrceebis struqturuli damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.ruka akonkretebs intervenciis kategoriebs, rac mosalodnelia Senobebis konservaciis

mdgomareobidan gamomdinare da maT Tavsebadobas istoriul qsovilTan, iseve rogorc aseTi samuSaoebisTvis saWiro teqnikur standartebs.

momsaxureobis programa iyenebs zemoxsenebuli struqturuli damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis rukas, romelSic miTiTebulia saproeqto standartebi da sasurveli keTilmowyoba (isto-riuli centris sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelsayofad), iseve rogorc standartebi, rac gansazRvravs, Tu rogori gamoyenebaa nebadarTuli da ra funqciebia SemoTavazebuli, ro-gorc naSeni memkvidreobisaTvis, ise mTeli qalaqisaTvis.

aqedan gamomdinare, ��7� wlidan moyolebuli feraraSi aRar aris nebadarTuli istori-uli Senobebis ngreva. nawilobrivi ngrevac ki _ anu mxolod fasadis SenarCuneba _ akrZalu-lia. akrZalulia Tavisufal teritoriebze axali nangebobebis aSeneba, SesaZlebelia mxolod dabali xarisxis arqiteqturis uaxlesi SenobebiT Canacvleba.

yoveli Senobis gamoyeneba, imis miuxedavad istoriulia Tu ara, gamomdinare misi tipolo-giidan, garkveulad SezRudulia. misi gamoSigvnis an danawevrebis Tavidan asacileblad, Sez-Rudvebi exeba mTel Senobas da ara mxolod eqsterieris mxatvrul elementebs.

Canacvlebis SemTxvevaSi Zveli elementebis imitacia nebadarTuli ar aris. SesaZlebelia mxolod Senobis ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis da misi urbanul konteqstSi da quCis xedSi poziciis SenarCuneba.

intervencia istoriul centrSi xorcieldeba an pirdapiri saproeqto regulaciebis meTodiT, an ki prevenciuli urbanuli gegmebis saSualebiT, romelTac ganviTarebis detal-uri gegmebi ewodeba.

gegmis specifikur rukaze miTiTebulia is raionebi, sadac unda gamoyenebuli iyos in-tervenciis esa Tu is saxeoba. raionebi, sadac gamoyenebuli unda iyos prevenciis urbanuli gegmebi, aris zonebi, sadac unda Catardes reabilitaciis samuSaoebi maTi sacxovrebel adg-ilebad gadasaqcevad, zonebi moniSnuli urbanuli reorganizaciisaTvis da istoriuli kom-pleqsebi, romelTac dakarges Tavisi mTlianobiToba, erTiani organuli proeqtis Tanaxmad unda aRdges.

- 7� -

sacxovrebel adgilad gamiznul zonebSi, aucilebelia daZvelebuli da Camongreuli is-toriuli qsovilis modernizacia; zonebi, romlebic urbanul reorganizacias eqvemdebareba, warmoadgens raionebs, romelTac dakarges istoriuli mniSvneloba da unda mieniWoT axle-buri koherentuloba, sadac yuradReba gamaxvildeba istoriuli urbanuli standartebis da-brunebaze.

prevenciuli urbanuli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli intervenciebis SemTxvevaSi, es midgoma gulisxmobs sazogadoebrivi, Tu kerZo gegmis SemuSavebas im zonebisaTvis, sadac unda Cat-ardes reabilitaciis samuSaoebi da SemuSavdes detaluri oficialuri gegma urbanuli reor-ganizaciis raionebisaTvis da samSeneblo kompleqsebisaTvis.

aseT zonebSi intervenciebis dasaCqareblad, SesaZlebelia pirdapiri moqmedeba, oficial-uri dadgenilebis gareSec ki, specialuri SeTanxmebis gziT, Tu muSaobis wesebi erTgvarovani iqneba da is TavsebaTia gegmis orientaciasTan.

pirdapiri intervenciis dros aucilebelia qalaqisagan moviTxovoT Tanxmoba, nebarTva, dasturi qveynis da regionis kanonebis jerovani pativmigebiT.

proeqtma unda moicvas Semdegi:

• Senobis istoriuli kvleva;

• tipologiuri analizi;

• winaswari kvleva TandarTuli fotomasalebiT;

• SesaZlo kritikuli Sefaseba;

amis Semdeg, proeqtma unda gviCvenos:

• Senobis tipi gegmis rukis Sesabamisad;

• intervenciis kategoria, dadgenili rogorc SemzRudavi zRvari, kvlav Sesabamis ru-kasTan SesatyvisobaSi;

• Sesrulebis teqnikuri standarti, rac exeba an potenciur gamoyenebas, an samuSaos saxeobas.

istoriuli centris gegmis gansaxorcieleblad, qalaqma Seqmna qalaqis gegmarebis ofisTan specialuri teqnikuri momsaxureoba, romelic moqmedebs ori mimarTulebiT:

�) igi Seiswavlis yvela moTxovnas istoriul centrSi sazogadoebrivi Tu kerZo sa-muSaoebis Casatareblad; iZleva informacias Sesabamisi standartebis Taobaze; awar-moebs inspeqcias; konsultacias uwevs teqnikur muSakebs da klientebs gegmisa da Sesaferisi meTodologiis Taobaze.

�) adgens sazogadoebrivi reabilitaciis gegmebs, detalur da modernizaciis gegmebs Taosnobis xelSewyobisa da misTvis swori mimarTulebis micemis mizniT; kontrols da TanamSromlobas uwevs kerZo sareabilitacio gegmebs; amowmebs da ganaaxlebs gegmas, ganxorcielebis da kanonmdeblobis TvalsazrisiT; gegmavs da akontrolebs quCebis mowyobilobas da moZraobis infrastruqturas; gegmavs da akontrolebs muS-aobas sazogadoebrivi parkebis teritoriaze.

gaiTvaliswina ra qalaqis mflobelobaSi myofi naSeni memkvidreobis mniSvneloba, ad-ministraciam sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebis ofisSi Seqmna specialuri teqnikuri momsaxureoba memkvidreobis konservaciisa da gamagrebisaTvis saWiro yvelanairi samuSaos Sesasruleblad.

gengegma, istoriuli centris CaTvliT, miRebul iqna ��7� wels da damtkicebuli ��77 wels. igi ganaaxles �� wels, xolo axla mimdinareobs misi mTliani gadamuSaveba.

rac unda moxdes, axali urbanuli gegma daefuZneba istoriuli centrisadmi arsebul mid-gomas, Tundac im mniSvnelobis gamo, rac mas regionaluri kanonebisTvis aqvs _ feraris gegma maTTvis amosavalia. am mimarTebiT, kidev erTi orientiri iyo qalaqis galavnis restavraciis proeqti, romelic aRiarebulia urbanuli modernizaciis aucilebel elementad, rogorc is-toriuli centrisaTvis, ise qalaqis gareubnebisaTvis.

SeniSvna:es masala Sekrebil iqna iuka iokiletosa da karlo cezaris daxmarebiT.

- 77 -

g. 1. 3. gengegmebi

havana, kuba

Zveli havanas gadarCena da aRorZineba

a. winapirobebi

1. istoria�� wels espanel kolonizator diego velaskesis mier daarsebuli havana erT-erTi umS-

venieresi bunebrivi navsadguris patronia. garkveul dros igi iyo dasavleT naxevarsferos udidesi porti _ espanuri gemTmSeneblobis mTavar centri da savaldebulo Sesayvanebeli porti xangrZlivi mogzaurobisas Zvelsa da axal samyaros Soris. aq ganviTarda gansakuTreb-uli, sinTezuri kultura, sadac erTmaneTs Seerwya adgilobriv mcxovrebi indielebis, af-rikelebis, espanelebis da metisebis inteleqtualuri damokidebuleba da mxatvruli gamox-atvis formebi. am kulturis amsaxveli Zeglebi jerac arsebobs kolonialuri periodis arq-iteqturis saxiT, rac moicavs xalxur sacxovreblebs da komerciul kvartalebs, eklesiebs, monastrebs, sasaxleebsa da feodaluri karmidamoebs.

qalaqis difuzuri urbanuli aRnagoba, mcire zomis moednebis jaWviT, ZiriTadad ganpiro-bebulia misi navsadguris mdebareobiT da misi gamagrebis aucileblobiT. oTx saukuneze meti xnis win aSenebuli bazris moednebi da cixesimagreebi garkveulad migvaniSnebs, Tu ra cvli-lebebs ganicdida qalaqi samxedro, religiuri, administraciuli, komerciuli da kulturu-li TvalsazrisiT. erT-erTi moedani, viexas moedani, kuburi SenobebiT, romelTac emCneva barokos, neo klasikuri da art nuvos xelovnebis gavlena, yvelaze seriozuli sarestavracio samuSaoebis obieqts warmoadgens. mravalricxovan samxedro nagebobebs Soris yvelaze Zvelia kastilo de la fuerza, agebuli ��-�� wlebSi; faqtiurad, es aris yvelaze Zveli koloniuri samxedro nageboba rogorc CrdiloeT, ise samxreT amerikaSi. kidev erTi, kastilo del moro, cnobilia Tavisi SuquriT, romelic axla qalaqis simbolos warmoadgens.

XX saukuneSi havanam SemoierTa mezobeli gareubnebi da sakmaod moSorebuli raionebic urbanul birTvs SeuerTda. gaSenda farTo gamzirebi da aRimarTa didi Tanamedrove Senobebi. miuxedavad garSemo mimdinare modernizaciisa da industrializaciisa, Zveli havana ZiriTa-dad Seucvleli darCa.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciahavana Seitanes msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi �� wlis dekemberSi. ikomos-ma mxari dau-

Wira mis siaSi CarTvas IV da V kriteriumebis safuZvelze.

3. dakavSirebaEusebio Leal SpenglerHistoriador de la Ciudadde la HabanaTacón No 1, c/Obispo yO’ReillyHabana ViejaCiudad de la HabanaCubaTel.: 62-2258

b. amocanebi

• gengegmis, rogorc istoriuli raionis konservaciis safuZvlis, SemuSaveba;

• istoriuli raionis garSemo arsebuli buferuli zonis menejmentis gegmis SemuSaveba;

• konservaciis samuSaoebis mokle, saSualo da grZelvadiani amocanebis dadgena;

• sawvrTneli centris daarseba teqnikuri personalisaTvis, romelsac evaleba awarmoos kubis erovnuli memkvidreobis dacva.

- 7� -

g. konteqsti��7� wels kubis mTavrobam mTeli Zveli havana erovnul Zeglad gamoacxada. mTliani

restavraciis gegmaSi prioriteti mieniWa plaza viexas (sabazro moedani) restavracias. kubis xelisuflebis moTxovniT ��0 wels moewyo saerTaSoriso kampania sabazro moednis Zeglebis gadasarCenad. Sedga moqmedebis winaswari gegma, xolo �� wels, UNDP/UNESCO-s xelSewyo-biT Seiqmna kubis erovnuli memkvidreobis dacvisaTvis saWiro teqnikuri personalis konser-vaciaSi, restavraciasa da muzeologiaSi wrTvnis centri. �� wels Zveli havana, sadac Sedis plaza viexac, Setanil iqna msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi.

d. midgoma�� wlis agvistoSi, damatebiTi informaciis moTxovnis pasuxad ikomos-ma miiRo Infor-

mación Complementaria, Zveli havanas da misi fortifikaciuli nagebobebis dacvis SemoTavaze-bul meTodebTan dakavSirebiT. es dokumenti, romelSic bevrad ufro meti iqna moTxovili, vidre Tavdapirvelad, SemdgomSi swored is iqna rekomendebuli modelad maTTvis, vinc siaSi Sesatanad unda gaiTvaliswinos msgavsi rTuli kulturuli obieqtebis sazRvrebi da moeki-dos mas ise, rogorc ekideba amgvar obieqtebs masze pasuxismgemeli mTavroba da adgilobrivi specialistebi.

dokumenti Seicavs kulturuli obieqtis aRweras da inventarizacias da misi dacvis da konservaciis istorias. gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia msjeloba im meTodebis Taobaze, romelTa Tanaxmad konservacia SeiZleba moxdes sxvadasxva doneebze:

a) erovnuli kanonmdebloba

b) obieqtis sagangebo dacva

g) masTan dakavSirebuli proeqtebi da kvlevebi

d) Semdgomi RonisZiebebis an sademonstracio programebi

e) gansakuTrebuli wesebi

v) qalaqis gengegma

gengegma Seicavs im raions, sadac unda Catardes konservacia da mimdebare teritoriebs, sadac pirdapiri menejmenti dadebiT Sedegs gamoiRebs. qalaqis ori zona dadgenil iqna buf-eruli zonebad, sadac kanoniTaa moTxovnili mSeneblobis kontroli da arsebuli xasiaTis SenarCuneba.

dadginda mokle, saSualo da grZelvadiani amocanebi. yvelaze saswrafo amocanaa Sew-ydes �� ha istoriuli centris ganadgureba, sadac cxovrobs 7�0 000 meti adamiani da sadac jerac SemorCenilia quCebis Tavdapirveli gegmareba da �00 meti istoriuli Senoba. stimuli-rebulia axali funqciebi, transportis moZraoba Semcirebulia, Senobebi aRdgenilia, xolo sacxovreblebi reabilitirebuli.

grZelvadiani amocanis ganxorcielebisas, navsadguris bevri funqcia sxvagan gadain-acvlebs da Semova axali socialuri da kulturuli funqciebi. havanas yure dasufTavdeba. restavraciis gegma grZeldeba �000 wlamde da misi biujeti weliwadSi Seadgena eqvs milion pesos (US $ 7,800,000), orjer ufro mets, vidre �� wlamde iyo. Zveli havanas restavracias xelmZRvanelobs eusebio leal spengleri.

restavraciis gegmis Tavi da Tavi Zveli havanas xuTi moedania. plaza viexaSi yvelaze mka-fiod Cans Zveli havanas restavraciis siZneleebi da SesaZleblobebi. es aris rogorc social-uri, ise arqiteqturuli problema: sxvadasxva socialuri da kulturuli samsaxurebis Seqmnam da Zveli binebis SekeTebam da axlis aSenebam gamoiwvia iq mcxovrebi ojaxebis cxovrebis wesis Secvla. saxelmwifo moxeleebi darwmunebuli arian, rom mosaxleoba imedis TvaliT uyurebs sareabilitacio samuSaoebs.

`mikrobrigadebi,~ romlebic monawileni iyvnen ��70-iani wlebis masobrivi urbanuli zr-disa, Zvel havanaSi ��7 da �� wlebSi Semoiyvanes. istoriuli centris Tavisufal teri-toriebze maT aaSenes mravali saxli da dawesebuleba. am da sxva axali Senobebis arqiteqtu-rulma proeqtebma gamoiwvia daZabuli kamaTi Zvel garemoSi axali Senobebis agebis Taobaze. �� wlidan ��0 wlamde midgoma Seicvala da meti yuradReba daeTmo calkeuli, erTeuli nagebobebis restavracias, teritoriebis da raionebisadmi integrirebul midgomas.

- 7� -

g. 1. 3. gengegmebi

kito, ekvadori

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaqalaqi san francisko de kito daarsebuli iyo bevrad ufro Zveli naqalaqaris, inkebis

uzarmazari imperiis, tahuantisuius yofil Crdilo dedaqalaqis nangrevebze. privinciuli dedaqalaqi da saepiskoposo centri, kito �� wels gadaiqca samefo karis rezidenciad, romelic awarmoebda politikur kontrols mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof sxva qalaqebsa da so-flebze. XVI saukunis bolos, qalaqi, romelic mdebareobda sxvadasxva mxatvruli gavlenebis gadasayarze, kitos mxatvruli skolis centrad gadaiqca. kitom ��0� wels, samxreT amerikis sxva koloniebze ufro adre gamoacxada Tavisi damoukidebloba; daaxlovebiT rva wlis gan-mavlobaSi, ��0 wlamde, igi iyo gran kolumbiis konfederaciis samxreT regionis dedaqalaqi. konfederacia Sedgeboda ekvadoris, kolumbiisa da venesuelasgan.

XVI saukuneSi daarsebuli qalaqis kitos gegma SenarCunebulia, Tumca XIX saukuneSi qa-laqis Tavisi masStabebiT Sors gascda koloniuri periodis birTvs. istoriuli raioni zomiT Seadgens �� ha. qalaqgegmarebis avtorebma andebis zegavleniT rTul geografiul reliefze `indebis kanonTa~ Sesabamisad uzarmazari meseri daaSenes. yoveli ganayofi mxare Seadgens �� metrs, xolo centraluri moedani ganlagebulia qalaqis SuagulSi. arsebobs imave struqtu-ris mqone meorexarisxovani moednebic.

gegmis regularoba xazs usvams kontrasts monumentalur da sacxovrebel arqiteqturas Soris. centralur moedans esazRvreba samTavrobo da municipaluri nagebobebi, episkoposis rezidencia da sakaTedro taZari. qalaqSi mravali religiuri daniSnulebis nagebobaa, rom-lebic XVI-XVIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba. umetesad aliziT naSen da patioebis garSemo ganlage-bul koloniuri periodis saxlebs, Cveulebriv, TeTri fasadebi amSvenebs. swored mWidrod gaSenebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebis arqiteqtura dominirebs Zvel qalaqSi, aniWebs kitos mis ganumeorebel xasiaTs.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciakitos istoriuli centri Setanil iqna msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi ��7� wels. iko-

mos-ma mxari dauWira mis siaSi Setanas II da IV kriteriumebis safuZvelze. XVI saukunidan moyolebuli, kitos arqiteqtura warmoadgens mkveTrad gamoxatul, originalur barokul xe-lovnebas, romelic xasiaTdeba dasavleTevropuli (espanur-arabuli, guTuri, manieristuli da sxv.) gavlenebiT, romelTac saxe icvales adgilobriv tradiciebTan Serwymis Sedegad. am xelovnebis SeqmnaSi umTavresi wili franciskanelebma Setanes. XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi kitos barokos xelovnebam Zlieri gavlena iqonia laTinuri amerikis sxva qveynebis xelovnebis ganvi-Tarebaze. kitos urbanuli ansambli warmoadgens XVI saukunis espanuri kolonialuri qalaqis Cinebul magaliTs.

3. kontaqtiSylvio MutalChief Technical Advisorand Regional CoordinatorRegional Project for CulturalHeritage and DevelopmentUNDP/UNESCOP.O.Box 4480Lima 100 PeruTel.: 51-14-402401/422060Telex: 25391 PEFax: (51-14) 402484

b. amocanebi

• istoriuli ubnis gengegmis SemuSaveba, romelic iqneba sakmaod elastiuri da moicavs

- �0 -

istoriuli centris yvela aspeqts, urbanuli, socialur-ekonomikuri da arqiteq-turis interesebis CaTvliT;

• iseTi strategiis SemuSaveba, romelic SeZlebs sakuTari memkvidreobis aRdgenaSi am raionis mosaxleobis CarTvas;

g. konteqstibolo ramdenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi da gansakuTrebiT ��7 wlis miwisZvridan

moyolebuli, kitos istoriuli qalaqi seriozuli fizikuri, kulturuli, socialuri da ekonomikuri cvlilebebis mowme gaxda. swored amis kvalad, qveynisa da adgilobrivma xelisu-flebebma wamoayenes yovelmxrivi sarestavracio programa.

�� wlis ��-�� seqtembers kitoSi Catarda seminari, romlis mizani iyo daxmareboda qalaqs istoriuli centris globaluri sakonservacio strategiis SemuSavebaSi; Seeqmna te-qnikuri da/an finansuri daxmarebis programa; mieRwia saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisTvis restavraciis programaSi; Seeswavla kitos gengegma da gaeanalizebina samuSaoebis dafinan-sebis SesaZleblobebi. seminaris msvlelobaSi ganixileboda Semdegi sakiTxebi:

• kitos istoriuli centris gengegma. igi ar unda iyos erTmniSvnelovani da xisti miTiTeba, aramed elastiuri da dinamikuri.

• istoriuli centris gengegmis CarTva qalaqis gengegmaSi. orive harmoniulad unda Seerwyas erTmaneTs da Seqmnas erTi mTlianoba.

• El Fondo de Salvamento del Patrimonio Cultural (FONSAL), organizacia, romelsac evaleba kitos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva.

• programis finansuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT gansazRvra.

specialistebma urCies, SeeqmnaT oTxi nawilisagan Semdgari, erToblivi saerTaSoriso teqnikuri programa:

�. istoriul centrSi istoriuli Zeglebis restavracia.

�. municipaluri gegmarebis procesis menejmentis gaZliereba.

�. centrSi turizmis industriis ganviTareba.

�. istoriuli centris urbanuli reabilitacia.

d. midgomaproeqtis strategias safuZvlad aqvs qalaqis centris istoriuli da kulturuli memkvi-

dreobis aRdgena iq mcxovrebi mosaxleobis mier. yvelaze mniSvnelovani Zeglebis konservaci-is, restavraciis da SenarCunebis samuSaoebs atarebs erovnuli memkvidreobis instituti da municipaluri mTavroba. magram municipalur sabWos ar surs SeizRudos mxolod istoriuli Zeglebis restavraciiT; misi mizania istoriuli centris yvela aspeqtis reabilitacia. amis Sesasruleblad mas gaaCnia ori mTavari saSualeba:

• istoriuli centris gengegma;

• sakonservacio fondi (FONSAL).

municipaluri sabWos mier dasaxuli amocanebi Seexeba integrirebul urbanul ganviTare-bas; kulturuli memkvidreobis konservacias; garemo pirobebis gaumjobesebas; sasmel wyals; transports; turizms; komercias; sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobas; kulturis da gana-Tlebis danergvas; da adgilobrivi sazogadoebis ganviTarebas.

�� wlis agvistoSi Seqmnili gengegma iTvaliswinebs or weliwads da misi biujeti Sead-gens $�00,000. igi Sedgeba sami fazisagan:

1. winaswari Sefaseba (unda dasruldes 1990 wlis ianvris TvisaTvis)

monacemTa bazis Seqmna; monawileTa gamovlena; turizmis resursebis aRricxva; `ZiriTadi urbanuli maCveneblebis~ dadgena; daskvnebis da rekomendaciebis Camoyalibeba gegmis Semdegi ori fazis gaTvaliswinebiT; saswrafo samuSaoebis dadgena, risTvisac saWiroa mimarTes kon-

- �� -

servaciis fonds (FONSAL).

2. Sefaseba (dasrulebuli unda iyos 1990 wlis oqtombris TvisaTvis)

urbanuli, socialur-ekonomikuri, istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Sefaseba; komisiis da istoriuli centris direqtoratis Sefaseba; samarTlebrivi da administraciuli aspeqtebi; Sefasebis da daskvnebis sinTezi; prioritetebis dadgena da gadaudebeli proeqtebis ganxor-cielebadobis analizi; biujetis proeqti, mimarTva SemoTavazebis Semotanaze da kontraqtebis gacema gadaudebeli proeqtebisaTvis.

3. ganacxadi (dasrulebuli unda iyos 1991 wlis agvistos TvisaTvis)

gegmis miznebis da amocanebis dadgena; gegmis zogadi ganacxadi; istoriuli centris roli da funqcia centraluri raionis da dedaqalaqis olqis konteqstSi; programebis Se-muSaveba (intervenciis, socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis, municipaluri regulirebis, in-frastruqturis da transportis moZraobis, sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobis, socialuri organizaciis da mosaxleTa monawileobis, garemos dacvis, miwisZvrebis, da sxv.); gegmis koor-dinacia.

istoriuli centris gengegma CarTuli unda iyos dedaqalaqis olqis gengegmaSi. �� wlis saseminaro moxsenebaSi _ “Seminario/Debate sobre la Rehabilitación del Centro Histórico de Qui-to, Informe Final” (Proyecto Regional de Patrimonio Cultural y Desarrollo PNUD UNESCO) – rekomende-buli iyo gengegmis perioduli gadaxedva da modificireba, pirobebis cvlilebaTa kvalad. Sesabamisad, igi sakmaod elastiuri unda iyos. ufro metic, gengegmareba uwyveti procesia da rogorc aseTi, unda gagrZeldes pirvelad dadgenili orwliani vadis gasvlis Semdegac.

g. 1. 3. gengegmebi

salamanka, espaneTi

sauniversiteto seqtoris da istoriuli zonisaTvis SemuSavebuligansakuTrebuli dacvis da ganviTarebis gegma

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriasalamankas Zveli qalaqi ukve �000 wlis istoriis mowamea. dRemde SemorCenilia istoriis

mravali maniSni, maT Soris romauli xidi, XII saukunis sakaTedro da san markos taZarebi, XVI saukunis salinasa da montereis sasaxleebi da plaza (mTavari sabazro moedani) (�7��-�7��), mxatvrulad yvelaze dasrulebuli espanuri barokos moednebs Soris. universitetis da misi guTuri, aRorZinebis xanis da barokos stilis nagebobebis wyalobiT, es qalaqi, qristianul samyaroSi oqsfordisa da kembrijis msgavsad, sauniversiteto qalaqis erTi upirveles nimuS-Tagania.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacianominacias ikomos-ma mxari I kriteriumis safuZvelze dauWira (mTavari sabazro moed-

nis, plazas gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic warmoadgens erTerT yvelaze mniSvnelovan urbanul ansambls XVIII saukunis evropaSi); aseve II kriteriumis (rogorc “churrigueresque” stilis gan-viTarebis da gavrcelebis centrs, rac mniSvnelovania rogorc iberiis naxevarkunZulis, ise samxreT amerikisaTvis); da IV kriteriumis (erTianoba da xarisxi Senobebisa, sadac univer-sitetia ganlagebuli da universitetis mravalgvari funqciebi qristianul samyaroSi) safuZ-velze.

salamanka msoflio memkvidreobis sias �� wels Seemata.

- �� -

3. kontaqtiDon Alberto Lopez AsenjoMunicipal architectAyuntamientode SalamancaSalamanca, SpainTel.: 26 31 61

b. amocanebi

• gegmarebis da kontrolis saxelmwifo programis Seqmna, rac erT mTlianobaSi moaqcevs yvela ekonomikur, socialur, urbanul da memkvidreobis monacems.

• dacvisa da reabilitaciis iseTi standartebis damuSaveba, romelnic sakmarisad deta-luri iqneba am ubnebis, metadre maTi sacxovrebeli arqiteqturis namdvili xasiaTis sarestavraciod;

g. konteqstisalamankam gaiara mZime Jami, rodesac istoriuli raioni yvelasgan mitovebuli iyo. ar

arsebobda ganviTarebis saxelmwifo gegma; macxovreblebi jguf-jgufad tovebdnen Zvel qa-laqs, nadgurdeboda fasdaudebeli ansamblebi.

��7� wels, axali municipaluri administraciis gadmosvlasTan erTad daiwyo gengegmis SemuSaveab. Seiqmna mravaldisciplinaruli jgufebi, ganawilda fondebi da sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebis departamentTan TanamSromlobiT, �� wlis �� ivniss damtkicda Plan Especial de Proteccióny Reforma Interior del Recinto Universitario y Zona Histórico-Artistica. es gegma gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo principi istoriul raionsa da universitetis seqtorSi yvela saxis intervenciisas. amJamad mimdinareobs misi gadamuSaveba.

d. midgomagegma globaluria, Sesabamisad igi exeba gegmarebis yvela aspeqts _ socialurs, eko-

nomikurs, transportis moZraobis, infrastruqturis _ da isaxavs mTel rig raodenobriv da xarisxobriv amocanebs.

gegma, amasTanave, integrirebulia. am TvalsazrisiT misi sawyisi wertili zogadi poli-tikaa, romelsac misdevs moqmedebis detalizebuli gegmebi da programebi, sadac yuradReba maxvildeba rogorc monumenturi, ise sacxovrebeli arqiteqturis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis gansazRvraze.

da, bolos, gegma samoqmedoa, aqedan gamomdinare, igi gvTavazobs qmedebaTa gegmebs, mka-fiod ayalibebs standartebs da uzrunvelgvyofs saWiro fondebs.

mkiTxvelma SeiZleba mimarTos meore nawilis meaTe Tavs, romelic exeba konstruqciebis da formebis tipologiur klasifikacias da Seicavs mravalricxovan ilustraciebs; mesame nawilis meoTxe Tavs, sadac ganxilulia `katalogi,~ romelic Seicavs istoriuli nagebobebis da axali integrirebuli Senobebis konservaciis da gamagrebis yvela standarts; da gegmis sarCevs, romelic qvemod aris dajamebuli.

katalogi gvTavazobs or klasifikacias: Sesasrulebeli samuSao, da Senobebis dacvis done. igi akavSirebs am or klasifikacias, raTa gansazRvros samuSaoebis specifika yovel doneze. maTi urTierT kavSiri cxriladaa Sejamebuli:

wyaro:

Plan Espacial de Protecciony Reforma interior del Recinto Unicersitario y Zona Historico-Artistica, Instituto del Ater-ritorio y Urbanismo. MOPU. Ayuntamiento de Salamanca, 1984, ill., 254 pages plus plans.

Plan especial de Proteccion y Reforma Interior del Recinto Universitario y Zona Historico-Artistica

- �� -

samuSaos saxeobebi

dacvis pirobebi

gama

greb

a

kons

erva

cia

res

tav

rac

ia

rea

bil

itac

ia

saxu

rav

ebis

da

fas

adeb

is

res

tr

uqt

ur

izac

ia

res

tr

uqt

ur

izac

ia

do

neeb

is d

amat

eba

axal

i ko

nst

ru

qcie

bi

elem

ent

ebis

ko

nser

vac

iiT

done �: monumenturi xasiaTi kategoria a (�) kategoria (b) * * *

done �: integrirebuli * * (2)

done �: struqturuli * * * * *

done �: garemo pirobebi kategoria a kategoria bkategoria g kategoria d

***

***

***

***

**

***

**

bunebrivi da urbanuli elementebi

(�) exeba saxviTi nxelovnebis direqtorats (�) SezRuduli reabilitacia

sarCevizogadi struqturanawili pirveli: gegmis SemuSavebis procesi

�- gegmis moniSvna�- dagegmvis pirobebi�- TariRebis mimaTiTebeli�- urbanuli struqtura�- monacemebi�- konstruqcia7- winadadebis Sedgena�- standartebis dadgena�- Tanxebis moZiebis politika�0- urbanuli menejmenti��- sazogadoebis mozidva

meore nawili: gegmis aRwera�- gegmis sazRvari da qalaqi salamanka�- istoriuli pirobebi�- gegmarebiTi memkvidreoba�- mosaxleoba�- binaTmowyoba�- damxmare nagebobebi da Ria sivrce7- dawesebulebebis saqmianoba�- warmoebiTi saqmianoba�- transporti�0- konstruqcia��- urbanuli sivrceebi��- sivrcobrivi struqtura��- winadadebebi��- ekonomikuri da finansuri analizi��- winaswaruli qmedebani

mesame nawili: urbanuli standartebi saTauri I:- �� zogadi kriteriumebisaTauri II:- zogadi standartebi

- �� -

saTauri III:- specifikuri standartebisaTauri IV:- katalogisaTauri V:- urbanuli iniciativebisaTauri VI:- CUBHA-s konsorciumisaTauri VII:- danergvis pirobebi

meoTxe nawili: nominaciuri gegmebi

1.4. xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba

qalaqebi Tavis funqciebs izolirebulad rodi asruleben. maT momuSave mosaxleobas yoveldRiurad garedan Semosulnic exidebian. transporti, sacxovrebeli saxlebi, samuSao adgilebi _ yvelaferi integrirebuli unda iyos adgilobriv, regionalur da erovnul safuZ-velze, raTa TiToeuli am sferos saTanado momarageba iyos uzrunvelyofili. Tavisi miznebis misaRwevad sxvebze aranakleb saWiroebs integrirebul midgomas konservaciis politikac.

didi Tu patara qalaqebi Cveulebriv ufrTxian Tavis sazRvrebSi `gareSe~ xelisuflebis moqmedebas. didad moswonT ra saerTo salarodan miRebuli sikeTe, maT sulac ar surT Ta-visi avtonomiis nawilis daTmoba. patara qalaqebis istoriuli raionebis, an didi qalaqebis istoriuli centrebis keTildReoba mWidrodaa gadajaWvuli yvela saxelisuflebo donis politikasTan, romelsac SeuZlia rogorc Seaferxos, ise xeli Seuwyos memkvidreobis kon-servaciis miznebs.

memkvidreobis konservaciis integrirebuli da rasme dapirispirebuli miznebis aucile-blobis magaliTs warmoadgens programebi, romelnic gvibiZgeben SenobaTa fondis zogierTi aspeqti gavaumjobesoT. magaliTad, bevri erovnuli mTavroba cdilobs sacxovrebeli piro-bebis modernizacias SeRavaTiani saprocento sesxis SeTavazebiT, an pirdapiri subsidiebiT. xSirad es exeba yvelaze Zvel Senobebs, romlebic SeiZleba CaiTvalos memkvidreobad da romelTa mdgomareoba yvelaze naklebad Seesabameba keTildReobis da usafrTxoebis stand-artebs; integrirebuli midgomis gareSe Zalze rTuli iqneba erTi an orive miznis miRweva.

mTavrobis politikas, romelic mxars uWers urbanuli memkvidreobis konservacias, Sem-degi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs xolme:

• miwis gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebisadmi yovelmxrivi midgoma, rodesac dabalansebu-lia, erTi mxriv, moTxovnilebebi soflis meurneobisaTvis vargisi miwebis SenarCu-nebisa da zrdis uzrunvelyofisa im adgilebSi, sadac mcirea axali infrastruqtur-isaTvis danaxarjebi, da meore mxriv, centraluri qalaqebis sicxovlisa da arsebuli Senobebsa da infrastrquturaSi `Cayrili~ investiciebis Rirebulebis SenarCunebis saWiroebani.

• gadawyvetilebis miRebisadmi integrirebuli midgoma, raTa mcdeloba erT romelime sferoSi miznis miRwevisa ar xdebodes sxva sferoTa sazianod;

• efeqtiuri, mosaxerxebeli da iafi gadaadgilebis saSualebaTa uzrunvelyofa, rac ganapirobebs mosamsaxureTa da momxmarebelTa dinebas daniSnulebis adgilisaken, ise rom minimaluri ziani miadges qalaqis memkvidreoismier Rirebulebebs.

1.5 Sesaferisi ganviTarebis Sefaseba

Sesaferisi ganviTarebis Sefasebis saSualebebi damproeqteblebisaTvis axali ram rodia. istoriuli qalaqebis mimarT miRebul kriteriumebs unda daematos mxolod memkvidreobis-mieri xasiaTis gaTvalisiwneba, rogorc ganviTarebis variantTa Sefasebis sakvanZo faqtori. misaRebi variantis gansazRvrisas unda fasdebodes misi SesaZleblobani upasuxos SerCeul

- �� -

kriteriumebs da ukanasknelTagan yovelis fardobiTi wona.

analizis dros damgegmavebma SeiZleba Semdegi kriteriumebiT ixelmZRvanelon: mudmivi samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, investiciebis mozidva, zegavlena haeris xarisxze, infrastruqtu-ris xarjebi, gamovlenili sabazro moTxovnebi da a.S. qalaqi, romelsac misTvis Sesaferis gan-viTarebas memkvidreobis perspeqtiviT xedavs, unda zrunavdes, rom analizisas konservaciis kriteriums saTanado adgili qondes miniWebuli.

savarjiSo furceli #3

Sesaferisi ganviTarebis analizi

�. ganvsazRvroT is interesebi, romlebic SeiZleba safrTxes uqmnides ganviTarebas.�. jgufis SigniT konsensusis miRweva. kriteriumebis arasruli sia SeiZleba Seicavdes Semdegs:

• zegavlena samuSao adgilebze (mTliani ganakveTi/naxevari ganakveTi)

• wvrTnis moTxovnilebani

• momgebianoba

• mflobeloba (adgilobrivi an moSorebuli)

• momsaxurebis/infrastruqturis xarjebi

• zegavlena qonebis gadasaxadze

• zegavlena momijnave saqmianobaze

• zegavlena garemoze

• zegavlena memkvidreobis xasiaTze

• liderobis potenciali (SeuZlia ganviTarebas viTarebais Semotrialeba?)

• cxovrebis xarisxi

1. SevafasoT kriteriumebis SedarebiTi mniSvneloba

yvela Tanabaria? romelia yvelaze mniSvnelovani? SesaZlebelia gamohyo `uTuo~ da `sasurveli~ kriteriumebi?

2. mivuweroT TiToeul kriteriums wilobrivi odenoba3. SevafasoT variantebi

martiv SemTxvevebSi, kriteriumebi SesaZloa Tanabari iyos. Tu asea, isini SeiZleba kiTxvebad warmovadginoT da `diax~ Tu `ara~ pasuxebi gansazRvravs variantis Sefasebas. ufro rTuli Sefasebisas, pasuxis misaRebad SeiZleba SemoTavazebul iqnas garkveuli gansazRvrebebi (mag., cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi), Semdeg ki unda moxdes kriteriumis fardobiT ricxvze gadamravleba. umaRlesi ricxvi mogvcems ganviTarebis yvelaze Sesaf-eris variants.

kriteriumebi mniSvneloba

- �� -


g. 1. 5. Sesaferisi ganviTarebis Sefaseba

budapeSti, ungreTi

meore urbanuli centris ganviTareba

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriamdinare dunai qalaqis ori gansxvavebuli warmoSobis nawils yofs: marjvniv budaa, mTis

qanobze, dasavleT napirze ganlagebuli, marcxniv peSti, dablobze, aRmosavleT napirze gan-lagebuli. xalxi orivegan jer kidev paleoliTis xanidan saxlobs. Sewyvilebuli samosaxlo, cnobili romaelTaTvis rogorc akvinkumi da kontra akvinkumi, TariRdeba romaelebis mier akvinkumis daarsebiT, romelic Cveni welTaRricxviT II saukuneSi romis imperiis qvemo pan-omiis provinciis dedaqalaqi iyo. Sua saukuneebSi, kerZod IX saukuneSi qalaqi xelmeored daarsda peStis teritoriaze, magram ��-�� wlebis monRolTa Semosevam igi miwasTan gaaswo-ra. ramdenime wlis Semdeg marjvena napirze, mTis ferdze aSenda budas cixesimagre, romelmac Seifara peStis macxovreblebi.

budas iRbali emTxveva ungreTis monarqiisas, romelic yvaoda anJus dinastiis (��0�-��) xanaSi da xelmeored matias I korvinusis mefobisas (��-��0), rodesac qalaqi aRorZinebis xelovnebis erT-erT mTavar centrad iqca. qalaqis daknineba XVI saukunidan daiwyo da XVIII saukunemde grZeldeboda. am dros, dedofali maria terezia da misi vaJiSvili da Tanam-marTveli, iosefi, mxars uWeren barokos stilis arqiteqturas. XIX saukunem Tanamedrove qa-laqs daumata ori mniSvnelovani simbolo: u. t. klarkis Camokidebuli xidi (�� w.), romelmac daakavSira buda da peSti da parlamentis ��-��0� wlebis neoguTuri Senobebi.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciabudapeSti dasaxelebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wels, II da IV

kriteriumebis Tanaxmad.

3. dakavSirebaGabor AczelChief ArchitectVaroshaz U. 9-111840 Budapest V.HungaryTel.: and fax: 11-75-255

b. amocanebi• momZafebuli ganviTarebis zewolis xelaxla ara-istoriuli seqtorisaken mimarTva.• qalaqSi mizidulebis axali centris Seqmna.• istoriuli raionebis gadametebuli eqsploataciisgan Tavis arideba.

g. konteqstiaRmosavleT evropaSi mimdinare politikuri da ekonomikuri cvlilebebi aiZuleben damp-

roeqteblebs da gadawyvetilebaze pasuxismgebelT, axlad gaiazron didi urbanuli centrebis roli. isini axla sxvagvarad izidaven Tavissa Tu ucxoel investorebs, ris gamoc, safiqre-belia axleburi ganviTareba ZiriTadad qalaqTa istoriul birTvze moaxdens zemoqmedebas, metadre rac turizmTan dakavSirebul saqmianobas Seexeba (axali sastumroebis, maRaziebis, restornebis gaCena).

budapeStis aqtiuri centri or nawiladaa gayofili da mdinare dunais gaRma-gamoRmaa ganlagebuli. budas cixesimagris raioni, agebuli mTis Sverilze da zRudiT garSemortymu-li, warmoadgens msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnav adgils da aris rogorc instituci-uri, ise sacxovrebeli centri. iq mxolod ramdenime komerciuli da turistuli dawesebule-baa, ZiriTadad ki es lamazi da harmoniulad Serwymuli, kargad restavrirebuli da kargad

- �7 -

daculi Senobebis erTobliobaa. peSti, ganlagebuli mdinaris meore mxares, ufro aqtiuri saqmiani centria bevri ofisiTa

da sastumroTi.msoflio memkvidreobis siaSia Sesuli mdinare dunais napirebic. sanapiroebis gaswvris

zedmetad didi Senobebis, ZiriTadad ki sastumroebis agebam Secvala istoriuli garemos saxe, romelic erTerTi ulamazesi iyo mTel msoflioSi.

uzomod didma Senobebma, romlebic sruliad SeuTavsebelia qalaqis arqiteqturul qso-vils da cudad eTviseba mis quCebs, saxe ucvala mdinare dunais sanapiroebs da galavnad aRimarTa peStis Zveli kvartalebis win.

d. midgomaaxali ganviTarebisaTvis yvelaze momxibvleli adgili, ra Tqma unda, dunais napirebia.

axali ekonomikuri ZalebisaTvis sadaveebis Cabarebam, SesaZloa, gamousworebeli ziani miay-enos istoriul landSafts.

upirveles yovlisa, budas Zvel teritorias, romelic aucileblad daculi unda iyos misi Tavdapirveli funqciiT, rogorc sacxovrebeli raioni, ar ZaluZs daitios komerciuli Tu farTo masStabiani proeqtebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq sastumro hiltonis integracia warmatebuli aRmoCnda, sxva msgavsi adgili faqtiurad ar moipoveba. sul bevri, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes, aris patara maRaziebis ganTavseba zogierTi Senobebis pirvel sarTulze. mTis qa-nobze mozRuduli ubnis mimdebare ganaSenianebamac ki unda SeinarCunos Tavisi funqciebi da ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. am mxriv mosaxleoba did sifrTxiles iCens.

miuxedavad imisa, rom peStis Zvel centrs da mdinaris napirs meti potenciali gaaC-niaT, radgan maT ukve aqvT aqtiuri savaWro funqcia, aqac ganxorcielda dagegmarebis cda, rac miznad isaxavs mis gamococxlebas, Tumca, amave dros, gaTvaliswinebulia Zveli xasiaTis SenarCuneba. ukve Catarda lamazi Senobebis da SesaniSnavi moednebis restavracia. kargad dagegmili safexmavlo zona ukve gaxda qalaqis aqtiuri cxovrebis centri. qalaqis am nawils didi potenciali aqvs, magram aucilebelia mkacri kontroli.

municipaluri xelmZRvaneloba ganixilavs meore centris Seqmnis sakiTxs kunZul cepel-ze, dunaize, samxreTiT erTi kilometris moSorebiT. ukve arsebobs ofisebis da sastumroebis aSenebis mwvave aucilebloba. misi adgilmdebareobis da silamazis gaTvaliswinebiT, safiqre-belia, rom qalaqi budapeSti gaxdeba popularuli turistuli centri rogorc saqmiani, ise kulturuli saqmianobisTvis. dagegmilia ��,000-ze meti sastumros nomris damateba.

axali centri erTianad daigegmeba da reklamis specialistTa yuradRebis misapyrobad, �� wels, venasTan Tanadroulad, igi iqneba msoflio gamofenis Catarebis adgili. vime-dovnebT, rom msgavsad defansis raionisa parizSi, es axali centric Seamcirebs zewolas Zvel raionebSi, riTic win aRudgeba zedmetad radikalur cvlilebebs.

g. 1. 5. Sesaferisi ganviTarebis Sefaseba

salamanka, espaneTi

mniSvnelovani sauniversiteto funqciis arseboba

a. winapirobebi

4. istoriasalamankas Zveli qalaqi ukve �000 wlis istoriis mowamea. dRemde SemorCenilia istoriis

mravali maniSni, maT Soris romauli xidi, XII saukunis sakaTedro da san markos taZarebi, XVI saukunis salina da montereis sasaxleebi da plaza (mTavari sabazro moedani) (�7��-�7��), mxatvrulad yvelaze dasrulebuli espanuri barokos moednebs Soris. universitetis da misi guTuri, aRorZinebis xanis da barokos stilis nagebobebis wyalobiT, es qalaqi, qristianul samyaroSi oqsfordisa da kembrijis msgavsad, sauniversiteto qalaqis erTi upirveles nimuS-Tagania.

- �� -

5. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacianominacias ikomos-ma mxari I kriteriumi safuZvelze dauWira (mTavari sabazro moednis,

plazas gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic warmoadgens erTerT yvelaze mniSvnelovan urbanul ansam-bls XVIII saukunis evropaSi); aseve II kriteriumis (rogorc “churrigueresque” stilis ganviTarebis da gavrcelebis centrs, rac mniSvnelovania rogorc iberiis naxevarkunZulis, ise samxreT amerikisaTvis); da IV kriteriumis erTianoba da xarisxi Senobebisa, sadac universitetia gan-lagebuli da universitetis mravalgvari funqciebi qristianul samyaroSi) safuZvelze.

salamanka msoflio memkvidreobis sias �� wels Seemata.

6. kontaqtiDon Alberto Lopez AsenjoMunicipal architectAyuntamientode SalamancaSalamanca, SpainTel.: 26 31 61

b. amocanebiinstituciuri funqciis TvalsazrisiT, istoriuli raionis gengegma isaxavs Semdeg amo-

canebs:

• qalaqis SuagulSi warmomadgenlobiTi dawesebulebebis SenarCuneba;

• sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis ganviTareba da gafarToeba;

• Zalze mniSvnelovani Senobebis reabilitacia gamoyenebul iqnas maTSi instituciebis gansaTavseblad;

• instituciuri memkvidreobis movla-patronobis uzrunvelyofa funqciaTa gaTiS-visa da revitalizaciis potencialis SezRudvis Tavidan aridebiT;

• nakveTis SigniT instituciuri Senobebis gafarTovebis nebis darTva, Tu ZiriTadi funqcia axal nagebobaze gadadis;

• instituciur gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli binebis mowyobis xelSewyoba.

g. konteqstiuniversitetis daarseba da misi mniSvneloba

qalaq salamankasaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena, misi saerTaSoriso popularobis da Zeglebis simravlis TvalsazrisiT, iyo �� wels leonis mefe alfonso IX mier eskuelas salamantinas (Escuelas Salamantinas - zogadi swavleba) daarseba. ramdenime wlis Semdeg al-fonso X-is mier igi universitetad iqna gadakeTebuli. universiteti dResac funqcionirebs. igi aris espaneTis uZvelesi da yvelaze prestiJuli universiteti da evropaSic erTi uZve-lesTagania. dRevandlamde salamankas istoria, ganviTareba da qalaquri aqtivoba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli universitetis cxovrebasTan. universitetis yvelaze warmatebuli periodebi emTxveva qalaqis ayvavebis xanas, da piriqiT. garda Zveli romis drois nagebobebisa, swored aseT periodebSia iyo agebuli qalaqis yvelaze cnobili Zeglebi. universitetis arsebobas unda vumadlodeT imasac, rom salamankam moipova saerTaSoriso popularoba, rogorc sagan-manaTleblo keram.

salamankas oqros xana

universitetis oqros xana XV saukunis bolodan XVII saukunis dasawyisamde grZeldeboda. im dros salamanka iyo erTerTi yvelaze sasaxelo saganmanaTleblo kera evropaSi da umTavre-si espaneTis uzarmazar imperiaSi. amerikis pirveli universitetebis daarsebisasas maTTvis sanimuSo salamankas universiteti iyo da maT daxmarebac gauwia, riTac alma materis saxeli moipova. salamankas universitetis moRvaweobis intensivoba dResac gakvirvebas iwvevs. mag-aliTad, ��-��7 akademiur wlebSi weliwadSi miRebul studentTa raodenoba udrida �,7��, qalaqis mTeli mosaxleoba ki Seadgenda �0,000 adamians, romelTa umetesobam wera-kiTxva ar

- �� -

icoda. salamanka ganaTlebis pirvelxarisxovani kera iyo. universiteti urbanuli ganviTarebis matebis fexdafex izrdeboda. im xanaSi bevri Senoba

aRimarTa da Tumca bevri maTgani ganadgurda kidec, zogi dResac dgas. maT Siorisaa univer-siteti; eskuelas menoresis patio (Sida ezo); axali sakaTedro taZari; san estebani; montereis, salinas da orelanas sasaxleebi; eskuela maiori, mag., kolegio de fonseka; kasa de las konxas; kasa de las muertes; agreTve las ursulas da las duenas monastrebi.

universitetis daknineba

XVII saukuneSi universitetis da urbanuli ganviTarebis dakninebas daaxlovebiT XVIII sau-kunis Sua xanaSi universitetis aRorZineba moyva. aman arqiteqturis ganaxlebac moitana da mTeli rigi Senobebis agebac. maT Soris yvelaze RirsSesaniSnavia plaza maiori, kasa de anaia, kalatravas koleji da vera kruzis eklesia. XVIII saukunis bolos mTeli es ansambli araCveu-lebrivi sanaxavi unda yofiliyo.

omma damoukideblobisaTvis, an rogorc mas ingliselebi uwodeben, pireneis naxevarkun-Zulis omma didad daazarala qalaqi salamanka _ is im gzaze Zevs, romliTac frangebi mieSure-bodnen portugaliis dasapyroblad. amis Sedegad gaimarTa salamankas brZola, an los ara-piles brZola salamankas maxloblad, sadac frangebi damarcxdnen da dakarges kontroli mdinare dueros xeobaze. ukan daxevamde maT daikaves qalaqi da Tavdacvis gasamagreblad daangries Zeglebi da aqedan aRebuli saSeni masala moixmares. zogi sxvaZeglic Zlier dazi-anda da Semdgom uyuradRebobis gamo ganadgurda. am ubedurebas daemata eklesiis qonebis gaufasureba, ris gamoc mitovebul iqna bevri monasteri da saeklesio gaerTianeba. zogi sxva miznebiT iyo gamoyenebuli, rac kidev ufro metad auaresebda maT mdgomareobas, zogic ki mitovebuli iyo. yvela am faqtorma erTad salamankas monumentur ansambls aunazRaurebeli danakargebi moutana. ufro metic, universitetis xangrZliv istoriaSi es iyo yvelaze mZime periodi, rodesac igi TiTqmis ganadgurda. ��-��7 wlebSi studentTa raodenoba ��-mde daeca, xolo qalaqis mosaxleoba ar aRemateboda ��,��7 adamians.

universiteti da urbanuli ganaxleba

XX saukunem axali sicocxle universitets STabera da, amasTan erTad, urbanuli ga-naxlebac gamoiwvia. studentTa raodenobam universitetSi ��,000-s miaRwia, xolo qalaqis mosaxleoba daaxlovebiT �70,000 adamians Seadgenda. gamococxleba ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli iyo iseTi profesorebis (aq es Zalian prestiJuli wodebaa) CamosvliT, rogoric iyvnen do-rado montero da gansakuTrebiT, migel de unamuno. sxva faqtorebi iyo ��0 wels sala-mankas papis universitetis daarseba da espanur sazogadoebaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis mimarT moTxovnilebis zrda. amis kvalad, mudmiv farTovdeboda universitetis funqciebi, rac aisaxa rogorc gazrdil ekonomikur aqtivobaSi, ise mosaxleobis momatebaSi, romlis ricxvma gadaaWarba mezobeli provinciebis im mTavari qalaqebsas, sadac ar aqvT universiteti. naTe-lia, rom universitetis gareSe salamankas mosaxleoba iqneboda imis naxevari, rac exla aris.

d. midgomaurbanul struqturaSi ori universitetis arseboba, udavod, arsebiTia qalaqis cxovrebi-

saTvis. isini udides zegavlenas axdenen qalaqis organizaciaze. maTi arseboba yvelaferSi igrZnoba. quCaSi mosiarule xalxi, maRaziebSi gaCaRebuli vaWroba, kulturis movlenebi, mdi-dari uzeumebis, didi biblioTekebi da sxva asaxavs universitetis cxovrebis gansakuTrebul maxasiaTeblebs. es sxvagvari urbanuli garemoa, romlis atmosfero iseve dasacavia, rogorc sxva did sauniversiteto qalaqebisa mag., ielis, oqsfordis, kembrijis, berklis da a.S..

XIX saukuneSi universitetis qmediTobis daqveiTebis Sedegad salamanka didi gaWirevebaSi Cavarda. axla is cdilobs ar dauSvas xelmeore daknineba da amitom prioritets am funqciis gaZlierebas aniWebs. Tu maT gadarCena uweriaT, es dawesebulebebi metad da axleburad aris aRsaWurvi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom yovelgvari saqmianoba mxolod istoriuli raioniT ver Semoisaz-Rvreba, yvela piroba arsebobs saimisod, raTa is ufarToesad gaiSalos: sportuli darbazebi, axali samecniero fakultetebi da sxva.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva sacxovreblebs. universitetis garSemo studentebisa da profesorebisaTvis araerTi saxli aSenda. binebze moTxovnilebis zrdam qalaqs misca sa-Sualeba is sacxovrebeli seqtorebi aRedgina, romlebic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi SeukeTebeli

- �0 -

iyo. garda amisa, salamankas papis universitetSi sacxovreblad gamoyenebulia iseTi daweseb-ulebis Senobebi, rogoricaa kolegio maior gvadelupe.

aseTi midgomisas SesaZlebeli gaxdeba universitetis funqciebis kvlav ganviTareba, rac ase mniSvnelovania salamankas urbanuli sicocxlisunarianobisaTvis. amave dros, daculi iqneba qalaqis fasdaudebeli memkvidreobac.

funqcia, romelsac ganviTarebis unari aqvs, cocxali funqciaa. qalaqi muzeumi ar aris.

wyaroebi:teqsti gadmoRebulia Salamanca Monumental, Patrimonio de la Humanidad, Ayuntamiento de Sala-manca.

Plan Especial de Protección y Reforma Interior del Recinto Universitario y Zona Histórico-Artistíca, Instituto del Ter-ritorio y Urbanismo. MOPU. Ayuntamiento de Salamanca, 1984, p. 103.

2. sazogadoebrivi amocanebis ganxorcieleba

Sesavali

samosaxlos erTobas moqalaqeni mTel rig mniSvnelovan movaleobebs akisreben, romleb-mac SeiZleba moicvas transportis, higienis, dabinavebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis sfer-oebi. samosaxlo erTobas SeuZlia waaxalisos imgvari ganviTareba, rac daexmareba saTanado finansuri bazis Seqmnas sasurveli moRvaweobisa da dasaqmebis Sesaferisi donis arsebobisaT-vis. gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis istoriul qalaqebSi samosaxlos memkvidreobis dacva ar unda xdebodes am sferoebis miznebis xarjze. magram isic unda vTqvaT, rom aucilebeli ar aris am miznebs hqondeT upiratesi mniSvneloba, vidre konservaciis amocanebs.

miiRo `konservaciis integrirebuli midgoma~ niSnavs imTaviTve aRiaro, Tu ra fargleb-Sia SesaZlebeli konservaciis da sazogadoebis sxva socialuri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri miznebi exmarebodnen erTmaneTs. es agreTve gulisxmobs im xarisxs, romliTac SeuZliaT kon-servaciisa da sxva saxis programebs gamoiyenon maCveneblebi, sadac ikveTeba socialuri, kul-turuli da ekonomikuri sferos farTo speqtri, Tu maTi efeqtiuroba mTlianad gazomil da gaumjobul unda iqnes.

miuxedavad imisa, rom kulturuli da socialuri sargeblianoba Znelad Tu daiyvaneba raodenobamde da verc im sizustiT, rogorc finansuri aspeqtebi, mainc Zalze mniSvnelova-nia am raodenobrivi erTeulebis SeZlebisdagvarad guldasmiT aRwera. bolo wlebSi ekono-mistebma daiwyes memkvidreobis konservaciidan miRebuli mogebis raodenobrivi daangariSe-ba, iseve rogorc es keTdeba sxva socialuri programebis SemTxvevaSi. mxolod axla iwyeba maTi gamocdilebis da calkeuli SemTxvevebis analizis safuZvelze sasargeblo Sesadarebeli strategiebis etalonebis SemuSaveba.

msgavsadve, SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros konservaciis programisaTvis interesTa finans-uri maCveneblebis didi raodenoba, maT Soris sacxovrebeli da komerciuli miznebiT gasaqi-ravebeli farTis fasebi, qonebis reabilitaciaze da SekeTebaze wliuri danaxarji da munici-paluri sagadasaxado baza.

urbanul centrebSi, mosaxleobis arastabiluroba, yavlgasuli industria, moSlili mu-nicipaluri infrastruqtura, survili, manqanebi yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes (ZiriTa-dad fexiT mosiaruleebis xarjze), Zveli sacxovrebeli da komerciuli raionebis jentri-fikacia da turizmis ukontrolo zrda mxolod nawila im damabrkolebeli tendenciebisa, romelTa pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes konservaciis politika.

2. 1. binaTmowyoba/sacxovrisi

istoriul qalaqebSi sacxovrebeli saxlebi warmoadgens gansakuTrebul problemas. es saxlebi xSirad ar Seesabamebian sivrcis, usafrTxoebis, simyaris, an sanitariuli normebis Ta-namedrove standartebs, xolo maTma SekeTebam, advilad SesaZlebelia, gamoiwvios istoriuli Tvisebebis ganadgureba. Tu mosaxleobas ar SeuZlia dafaros modernizaciis samuSaoebisaTvis

- �� -

saWiro xarjebi, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios maTi gasaxleba, rac, Tavis mxriv, xdeba raionis so-cialuri struqturis rRvevis mizezi. es movlena, cnobili `jentrifikaciis~ saxelwodebiT, iseve SeiZleba dasanani iyos, rogorc fizikuri formebisa da detalebis ganadgureba, an mis aRsadgenad axali masalebis da sistemebis Semotana.

am umTavresi problemebis sapasuxod istoriul qalaqebSi araerTi warmatebuli midgoma iqna SemuSavebuli:

• teqnologiurma winsvlam SesaZlebeli gaxada danestianebis da sxva arajamrTeli md-gomareobis gakontroleba; magaliTad, danestianebuli kedlebi SeiZleba movaSoroT niadagSi sisvelis wyaros wyalgaumtari Sris CayolebiT; patara binebi gaerTianda ufro didi da keTilmowyobili erTeulebis Sesaqmnelad ise, rom eqsteriers raime ziani ar misdgomia;

• subsidiebma Tanamdebobis pirTagan SesaZlebeli gaxada sabinao mSeneblobis damate-biTi xarjebi sazogadoebriv xazinas daefara;

• moqalaqeebs SeTavazes CamoeyalibebinaT kooperativebi (amxanagobebi) da gamxdariyvnen Tavisi sakuTari qonebis mflobelebi, sesxis SeRavaTiani procentiT da amogebis vadiT.


g. 2. 1. binaTmowyoba

stambuli, TurqeTi

otomanTa periodis Zveli xis saxlebisaRdgena suleimanis da zerekis raionebSi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriastambuli, gaSenebuli ori kontinentis gzajvaredinze, jer iyo aRmosavleT romis impe-

riis, Semdeg bizantiis imperiis da, bolos, otomanTa imperiis dedaqalaqi. XX saukunemde igi mudam evropisa da aziis umTavres politikur, religiur da xelovnebis istoriis movlenebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciaikomos-is mkacri xasiaTidan gamomdinare, nominacia Semoifargla oTxi gansakuTrebiT

saintereso zoniT, sadac aSkaraa urbanuli qsovilis bolo dros gauaresebuli mdgomareobac da safrTxec, romelic mas samomavlod emuqreba. nominaciaSi Sevida naxevarkunZulis zeda nawilSi ��/�� wlebSi daarsebuli arqeologiuri parki, suleimanis kvartali, zeirekis kvar-tali da bastionis zona. SerCeuli raionebi asaxavs qalaqis istoriis ZiriTad fazebs:

• Zveli qalaqi da aRmosavleT romis imperiis dedaqalaqi (konstantinopoli) warmodge-nilia konstantines ipodromiT (Cv.w. ��), valentis akvedukebiT (Cv.w. �7�) da bas-tioniT, romlis mSenebloba Cv.w. �� wels daiwyo.

• bizantiis imperiis dedaqalaqi warmoCenilia wm. sofias da wm. irines eklesiebiT, rom-lebic aSenda iustinianes mmarTvelobis xanaSi (Cv.w. ��7-��), ioane II komnenosis mmarTvelobis periodSi daarsebuli pantokratoris monastriT da macxovris ekle-siiT qoraSi (kaxrie jami), XIV da XV saukuneebis mozaikebiT.

• otomanebis imperiis dedaqalaqs warmoadgens topkapi sarai da cisferi meCeTi, Se-hzades da suleimanis meCeTi, iseve rogorc mimdebare raionis xalxuri mSeneblobis SemorCenili kvali, romelic Seicavs �� siaSi Setanil xis saxls.

stambuli nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wels, I, II, III da IV kriteriumebis safuZvelze.

- �� -

3.kontaqtiMr. Biltin TokerAdvisor to the MayorGreater Istanbul MunicipalitySarachane, Istanbul TurkeyTel.: 528-2657Fax: 522-1755

b. amocanebi• am raionebSi sacxovrebeli pirobebis zogadi gaumjobeseba;• ubanSi darCenili mosaxleobis adgilze SenarCuneba;• im Zveli tipiuri da unikaluri Senobebis restavracia da aRdgena, romelTa gamo es

raionebi Sevida msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi.

g. konteqstizeirekis raionSi SemorCenilia otomanebis xanis daaxlovebiT �� xis saxli, romlebic

Sesulia siaSi da daculi.es xalxuri yaidis saxlebi warmoadgens otomanebis civilizaciis unikalur mowmes erT

dros Zalze mosawon ubanSi. dRes es saxlebi, Tumca jerac dasaxlebuli, warmoadgenen praq-tikulad gadauWrel sakonservacio da sarestavracio problemas:

• konstruqciuli problemebi

• gamofituli masala

• xis kedlebi, romelTa aRdgena SeuZlebelia

• adaptaciis, Tanamedrove keTilmowyobis ganTavsebis probleba

• iqauri macxovreblebis gasaxleba

d. midgomaraime gadawyvetilebis SemoTavazebaze ufro metad, am konkretuli SemTxvevis Seswavlis

mizania naTeli mohfinos saerTaSoriso qartiebis mier wamoyenebul konservaciis princi-pebTan dakavSirebul mTel rig siZneleebs.

• yvela saxli siaSi Setanilia da daculia; isini warmoadgenen mniSvnelovan da uni-kalur msoflio memkvidreobas;

• iq daaxlovebiT �� saxlia; SesaZlebeli iqneba yvela maTganis SenarCuneba da kon-servacia? ratom ar SevarCioT yvelaze tipiuri nimuSebi? ramdenia aseTi?

• iq mcxovrebi mosaxleoba ukeTes sabinao pirobebs imsaxurebs.

• Tu zogierTi maTgani daingreva, ra aSendeba maT adgilas? maTi zusti gameoreba Tu Tavisufali stilis Senobebi, rogorc es moxda wm. sofios bazilikis ukan mdebare turistul quCaze?

• am konkretul SemTxvevaSi Znelia gamoiyeno yovlismomcveli restavraciis Cveu-lebrivi meTodebi. saWiro gaxdeba restavracia da xelaxali aSeneba, rac gamoiwvevs avTenturobis dakargvas, Tundac SesaZlebeli iyos zogadi xasiaTis SenarCuneba. SeuZlebelia �� muzeumis Seqmna.

wm. sofios bazilikis ukan mdebare quCa mTlianad ganaxlda. otomanebis periodis umete-si saxlebi sastumroebad da restornebad gadakeTda. arqiteqturis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi kopirebuli iyo, magram gamoyenebuli iyo sruliad axali mosapirkeTebeli masala. miuxedavad uzarmazari komerciuli da turistuli warmatebisa, kritika gamoiTqva proeqtis misamarTiT, romlis mTavari argumenti iyo turizmis amocanebis mimarT gamoCenili zedmeti Semwynare-bloba da Zalze did daTmobebze wasvla.

- �� -

g. 2. 1. binaTmowyoba

tunisis medina, tunisi

hafnias kvartalis ganaxlebisadmi integrirebuli midgoma

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriatunisis medina (tradiciuli islamuri qalaqi) aris erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani daax-

lovebiT �� msgavs olqsa Tu qalaqs Soris, romlebic nominirebulia msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad. mimosavleli sivrceebis gamokveTili da rTuli qseli da arqiteqturuli formebi warmoadgens am konkretul adgilze �000 welze meti drois manZilze mimdinare evo-luciuri procesis Sedegs.

XIX saukunis bolos kolonialuri periodis dadgomam da qalaqis organizaciis evro-puli modelebis gacnobam Secvala ganviTarebis istoriuli struqtura; rodesac qalaqis funqciurma centrma sxva raionSi gadainacvla, medina mitovebuli aRmoCnda da daiwyo misi dakninebis neli procesi. misi sivrceebis da moZraobis tradiciuli ierarqiis Rirseba did-wilad ver iqna amocnobili. medinas teritoriaze mdebareobs �� klasificirebuli Zegli (da kidev 700 imsaxurebs klasifikacias). da mainc, ansamblis WeSmariti faseuloba misi urbanuli qsovilis da urTierTdakavSirebuli sivrceebis integrirebulobaSi Zevs.

ukve XX saukunis dasawyisSi, �� wlidan moyolebuli, medinas degradaciis socialuri da ganviTarebismieri mizezebi oficialurad iyo aRiarebuli da mis problemebs araerTi kon-ferencia mieZRvna.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacia��7� wels tunisis medina Setanili iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi niSnad madlierebi-

sa, rogorc misi gansakuTrebuli TvisebebisaTvis, aseve mis dasacavad adgilobrivi Zalebis mtkice ZalisxmevisaTvis.

3. dakavSirebaThe Association for theConservation of the Medina33, rue Tourbet El Bey1008 Tunis, TunisiaTel.: 216.1.563.618; 216.1.560.896

b. amocanebi

• seriozulad dazianebuli urbanuli kvartalis reabilitacia, konservaciisa da so-cialur-ekonomikuri sicocxlisunarianobis miznebis erTiani ganxorcielebiT;

• proeqtis Sedgenisadmi integrirebuli konservaciis midgoma, sazogadoebis da kerZo pirebis, yvela donis mTavrobis, finansuri wreebis da moqalaqeebis mozidviT.

g. konteqsties kvartali, erT dros qalaqis ebraeli mosaxleobiT dasaxlebuli, ��0-ian wlebidan mi-

tovebulia. raionis adgilobrivi mosaxleoba gadavida ufro janmrTel binebSi qalaqis evro-pul nawilSi, adgilze ki Raribebi da soflidan Camosaxlebulni darCnen. �� wels es midamo sacxovreblad uvargisad gamocxadda; im dros bevrs CamoerTva Tavisi sakuTreba, Catarda dasufTavebis samuSaoebi. bevri Senoba sacxovreblad saxifaTo gaxda, bevric daingra.

proeqtis mizani iyo SeeCerebina mzardi degradacia kvartalis fizikuri da fsiqolo-giuri cxovrebis reabilitaciis gziT. gamiznuli iyo, rom cvlilebebi Setanili urbanuli cxovrebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad, Tanabrad Seexeboda istoriul urbanul qsels da gan-sakuTrebul morfologias, rasac aniWebda mas mosaxleoba, romelmac igi datova.

degradaciis xarisxi, rac am kvartalma ganicada, SesaZloa msoflios romelime regionSi gamx-dariyo ̀ urbanuli ganaxlebis~ mizezi. maSin, rodesac dacarielebul adgilebze xelaxali mSeneblobis aucilebloba aSkara iyo, sasurveli gaxda iseTi midgomis ganxorcieleba, romelic gaiTvalsiwnebda medinis arsebriv xasiaTs da axlis SemuSavebas Zvel formebsa da maT Sefardebebs daemyareboda..

- �� -

d. midgoma��7�-7� wlebSi warmoebulma aRdgenis da mSeneblobis pirvelma fazam kvartals didi

sikeTe moutana. �� wels igi gaxda konservaciisa da restruqturizaciis proeqtis obieqti, romelSic gaerTianebuli iyo fizikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebi.

pirvelad erTmaneTs Sexvdnen wamyvani sazogadoebrivi da kerZo partniorebi da gansaz-Rvres yoveli maTganis SesaZleblobebis Sesaferisi rolebi. partniorebs Soris iyvnen ur-banuli reabilitaciisa da ganaxlebis saagento, romelic uZRveboda proeqts, Tavad munici-paliteti, sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebis saministro, adgilobrivi banki da medinas konserva-ciis asociacia. saxelmwifos pirdapiri CarTva uflebas iZleoda uSualo monawileoba mieRoT dangrevisa da dasufTavebis samuSaoebSi; sabanko sistemis TanamSromloba municipalitetTan saSualebas iZleoda gaecaT sesxebi da sagadasaxado SeRavaTi.

finansuri msardaWeris Sedegad, daisaxa reabilitaciis da ganviTarebis mTeli rigi sakvanZo proeqtebis ganxorcieleba. aRdgenil iqna � sacxovrebeli kvartali da erTi patara komerciuli centri. aman gaaRviva ndoba, SesaZlebeli gaxda adgilze myofTa droebiTi ga-dasaxadebi, gaaumjobesa kvartalis keTilmowyoba da uzrunvelyo naRdi fulis dineba pro-eqtis specialur angariSze.

mravali samuSao Sesrulda msoflio bankis daxmarebiT da tunisis mTavrobis pirdapiri subsidiebiT.

muSaobis dros warmoqmnil dabrkolebebs Soris qiris gadasaxadi da macxovreblebis uflebebi sakuTrebis gankargvisa. es winaaRmdegobebi zRudavda proeqtis elastiurobas da Tanxebs saWiris, raTa mflobelebs mxari daeWiraT sasurveli samuSaoebisaTvis.

da mainc, kvartalis da misi fizikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri garemos reabilitacia miRweuli iyo. aRdgenili iyo ��00 kv.m. meti sacxovrebeli farTi; aSenda �00 meti bina.

dasaxuli iyo mTeli rigi kulturuli amocanebisa:

• raionis Zeglebis dakavSireba socialur-kulturul saqmianobasTan

• urbanuli formebis, sivrceebis da maTi urTierTkavSiris dacva

• SeZlebisdagvarad tradiciuli tipologiis da detalebis xelaxali interpretacia

zemoT aRwerili socialur-kulturuli amocanebidan, samma Seqmna sirTuleebi _ ga-dasaxlebuli ojaxebidan mxolod ��% dabrunda Tavis Zvel binebSi; reabilitacia Seexo sa-binao fondis mxolod mcire nawils (sakuTar binebs da municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi myof binebs); mcdeloba, SeemcirebinaT siviwrove da TiToeul ojaxisaTvis minimum �0 kv.m. gadacema umetesad warumatebeli aRmoCnda, xelmisawvdomi `sakuTrebis erTeulebis~ simciris gamo. aseve warumatebeli gamodga mcdeloba gaezardaT qira aRdgenil binebze.

garda raionis Zeglebis adaptaciisa, yvela kulturuli amocana ganxorcielebuli iyo.mTlianobaSi proeqti Zalze warmatebuli iyo, gansakuTrebiT Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis

uaRresad efeqtiur sabiujeto ganxorcielebas.proeqtidan gamotanili gakveTili isaa, rom umjobesia ufro mcire masStabis samuSaoebis

dagegmva _ aTi mcire proeqti bevrad ufro warmatebuli iqneboda, vidre erTi da Zalze didi. gadasaxadebis gazrdis sakiTxi dResac dabrkolebas warmoadgens da saWiroebs samarTlebriv gadawyvetas. yvelaze warmatebuli iyo a.s.m.-gan (A.S.M. – Association Sauvegarde de la Medina) miRebuli fasdaudebeli gamocdileba aseTi sirTulis proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi.

SeniSvna:emyareba baton iaihe akroutis mier, 1991 wels Sedgenil kiTxvars, nawilobriv ki masalas,

romelsac Seicavda the Association Sauvegarde de la Medina’s “Prijects et Realisations. 1980-1990. Pour la promotion de la Medina.”

�� wlis proeqtma daisaxa mTeli rigi socialur-ekonomikuri amocanebisa:

• raionSi janmrTelobis xarisxis gaumjobeseba

• mxolod iseTi Senobebis dangreva, romelTa aRdgena SeuZlebelia

• arsebuli saxcovrebeli binebis modernizireba, mxolod mas Semdeg rac Semcirdeba ub-nebis mosaxleobis simWidrove, ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos higienisaTvis aucilebeli keTilmowyobis ganTavseba

- �� -

• ubnebSi didi raodenobiT dangreul SenobaTa manamdel mobinadreTa Casaxleba

• qiris daangariSebuli da kontrolirebadi momatebis nebis darTva

• sazogadoebrivi infrastruqturis modernizireba

• Sesaferisi komerciuli da kustaruli saqmianobis stimulireba

2. 2. municipaluri samsaxurebi

msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Setanili zogierTi qalaqis arqeologiuri naSTebi gviCvenebs, rom zruva sasmel wyalsa da Camdinare wylebze adreul xanebSi dawyebula, Tumca aseTi SemTxvevebi xSiri ar Cans.

mxolod XIX saukunis Sua periodSi, kavSiris aRmoCenam daavadebebsa da janmrTelobi-saTvis mavne qalaqur saziaro binebs Soris, ubiZga istoriul qalaqebs ekisrebinaT mudmivi pasuxismgebloba sazogadoebis sanitaruli pirobebis gaumjobesebaze.

umetesi am adreuli sistemebidan sruliad moZvelebulia da maT aRar ZaluZT radikal-uri ganaxlebis gareSe daakmayofilon maT zemo ganlegebuli qalaqebis mzardi moTxovnebi.

samwuxarod, Rrma Txrilebis gakeTeba, rac aucilebelia am sistemebis SekeTeba-modern-izaciisTvis, istoriul qalaqebSi sul ufro metad iwvevs miwisqveSa arqeologiuri obieqtebis ganadgurebas. arqeologiuri masalis `gadarCenis~ naxevarzomebi iZleva mxolod safrTxis qveS mdgomi nawilebis Svelis saSualebas; amasTan, umetesi gaTxrebi tardeba saTanado arqe-ologiuri zedamxedvelobis gareSe. Tanabrad amisa, sazogadoebrivi gadazidvebis gaumjobe-sebis survili miwisqveSa gvirabebis saSualebiT, an istoriuli raionis garegnuli mxaris gaumjobeseba sakabelo komunikaciebis miwaSi CaflobiT da avtomobilebis miwisqveSa sadgome-biT, safrTxes uqmnis arqeologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani qveda fenis simrTeles.

midgoma municipaluri samsaxurebis Senaxva-modernizaciis Tanamedrove standartebis Se-sabamisad gaumjobesebisa, rac ar Seuqmnis safrTxes konservaciis miznebs, yuradRebas gaamax-vilebs Semdegze:

• grZelvadiani xarisxis mqone mSenebloba da Senobebis qveS niadagis wylebis da Cam-dinare wylebis sistemebis Seqmna;

• aRiarebuli WeSmaritebebis gadaxedva (mag., Sexeduleba, rom eleqtro momsaxureba an manqanis sadgomebi umjobesia miwaSi iyos Camaluli).

• arqeologiuri potencialis Seswavla, rac saSualebas mogvcems SevafasoT yoveli SemoTavazebuli miwisqveSa Carevis riski.

2. 3. transportis moZraobis menejmenti

Cveulebriv, transportis moZraoba miCneulia safrTxed istoriuli qalaqebis simrTel-isaTvis. quCebis sistema da zomebi, romlebic bevrad ufro adre iyo Seqmnili, vidre avtomo-bilebs gamoigonebdnen, yovelTvis araa ise moxerxebuli da savalad ioli, rasac dRevandeli mZRolebi an avtomobilebis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi isurvebdnen.

amave dros, quCebis sistemis unaris gaumjobeseba, raTa mosamsaxure advilad mivides Tavis samsaxurSi, an saqoneli Tavis daniSnulebis adgilas, an kidev myvidveli bazris terito-riaze, Cveulebriv miCneulia gadamwyvet sakiTxad qalaqis ekonomikuri funqcionirebisaTvis.

istoriuli qalaqebi eZieben transportis moZraobis menejmentis iseT sistemebs, rom-lebic ar miayeneben zians istoriul memkvidreobas. amitom, gaumjobesebis variantebis ana-lizi unda eyrdnobodes Seumowmebeli varaudebisagan Tavisufal kriteriumebs. magaliTad, rodesac saqme exeba misadgomis sakiTxs, kriteriumi unda iyos, Tu rogor mivides garkveuli odenobis xalxi garkveul adgilas da garkveul dros, da ara is, Tu rogor miudges am adgils avtomobilebi; momsaxurebis SemTxvevaSi, kriteriumi unda mimarTuli iyos, Tu rogor uzrun-velyon maRaziebi saTanado momsaxurebiT Sesaferisi saaTebSi, da ara is, rom Seqmnan Tavisuf-ali adgilebi manqanebis gasaCereblad; avto parkingebis problemebis SemTxvevaSi, kriteriumma unda gaiTvaliswinos qalaqis raionebis macxovrebelTa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba, da ara ubralod gazardos parkingebis raodenoba; xolo rodesac saqme exeba mniSvnelovani adg-ilebis win CaWedili saturisto avtobusebis sakiTxis mogvarebas, upiratesoba unda mieniWos

- �� -

mosaxerxebeli gaCerebebiT uzrunvelyofas, vidre ubralod gasaCerebeli sivrcis gazrdas. am gziT, variantebis analizi migviyvans iseT gadawyvetilebebamde, romlebic Seamcireben

zewolas istoriul qsovilze, raime funqciis dauzaraleblad. amgvari analizis farglebSi SemoTavazebul RonisZiebebSi SeiZleba Sediodes:

• transportis moZraobis `dawynareba:~ RonisZiebebi, romlebic sazRvravs mZRolebis qmedebebs, maT ricxvSi Sedis asfaltis qimi, romelic SeaCerebs moZraobis siCqares; gzis gadakveTebis siviwrove da samanqano gzis da trotuaris erT doneze ganTavse-ba;

• `avtomobili _ avtobusis~ sqema: RonisZiebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyoben sazogadoe-brivi transportis karg moZraobas qalaqis centris mimarTulebiT;

• mcire zomis sawyobebi, romlebic aadvileben sacalo vaWrobis wertebSi saqonlis urikebiT gadazidvas.


g. 2. 3. transportis moZraobis menejmenti


transportis moZraoba da garemo pirobebis analizi

a. winapirobebi



da mainc, qalaqis mniSvnelovneba ganpirobebulia XVIII saukuneSi misi xelaxali dabadebiT jon vudis (umcrosi da ufrosi), ralf alenisa da riCard `kopwia~ (“Beau”) neSis TaosnobiT, romleTac Tavisi arqiteqturuli moRvaweobiT surdaT eqciaT baTi mineraluri wylebis mo-dur kurortadac da evropaSi erTerT yvelaze lamaz qalaqadac, sadac arqiteqtura da land-Safti harmoniulad iqneboda Serwymuli da siamovnebas mianiWebda samkurnalod CasulT. maT qalaqs SesZines klasikuri ganlageba. jon vudi ufrosis �7�� wlis dedoflis moedani (Queen Square) da misive �7�� wlis mefeebis moedani (Kings Circus) warmoadgenen paladiuri orderis nimuSs. misi Svilis jon vud umcrosis moedani `samefo naxevarmTvare~ (�7�7-�77�) asaxavs ufro romantiul neo-klasikur stils, romelmac Semdgomi ganviTareba hpova �77� wlis same-jliso darmazebSi da tomas bolduinis �7�� wlis wylis tumboebis darbazSi.



nominacia eyrdnoboda kriteriumis IV punqts arqiteqturuli ansamblis gansakuTrebuli nimuSis Taobaze, sadac asaxulia istoriis mniSvnelovani etapi.

nominaciaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo qalaqis marTvis �� wlis daumtkicebeli gegmis siaSi Setanili ��00 Senobis dacvis aucileblobaze da im mniSvnelovani ansamblebis dacvaze, romlebic ganlagebuli iyo qalaqis centris moSorebiT (mag., praior parki). baTis adgilobrivi gegma miRebuli iyo ��0 wels, rogorc qalaqisaTvis kanonis Zalis mqone dokumenti.

- �7 -

3. kontaqtiMr. Colin Fudge,Director ofEnvironmental Services,Bath City Council,Abbey Chambers, Bath,United Kingdom BAI INT,Tel.: 0225-46111,Fax: 0225-448536.

b. amocanebi

• transportis moZraobis analizis da menejmentis integrirebuli midgoma, sadac Se-fasebuli iqneba variantebis zegavlena sxvadasxva sferoebze (maT Soris garemos dacvis mdgomareoba, keTilmowyoba, biznesi, janmrTelobis dacva da sxv.);

• gaerTianebuli samefos sxva qalaqebSi da evropis qalaqebSi Catarebuli transpor-tis moZraobis kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba.

g. konteqstitransportis moZraobis konkretuli sakiTxis (bartonis quCidan dedoflis moedanze

marcxniv gaxveva akrZalulia) Taobaze msjelobam ubiZga garemos dacvis komitets erCia avo-nis sabWosTvis ufro farTod Seeswavla transportis moZraobis sakiTxebi da problemebi, radgan, rogorc gairkva, bolo msgavsi analizis Semdeg aTeuli wlebi iyo gasuli.

qalaqis sabWos adgilobrivi gegmis konteqstSi, sakonsultacio jgufs daevala am kvlevis Sesruleba. aRiarebul iqna, rom Tanmimdevruli politika, gamoxatuli gaumjobesebis saTa-nado sqemebis SerCevisas mkafio amocanebis mixedviT unda did wilad abalansebdes macxovre-belTa, fexiT mosiaruleTa, avtomobilebis mZRolebis da centralur raionSi ganTavsebuli komerciuli dawesebulebebis interesebs. am balansis miRwevis mcdeloba asaxulia Semdgomi amocanebis dasaxviT:

�. centralur raionSi im transportis Sesvlis SezRudvis SesaZlebobebis ganxilva, romelic emsaxureba maRaziebs da sxva biznes centrebs, kerZod rac Seexeba mTavari magistraliT tvirTebis gadazidvebs;

�. meorexarisxovani transportis mier centraluri raionis gamoyenebis Semdgomi Sem-cirebis gzebis gamorkveva;

�. sqemebis migneba, romlebic upiratesobas mianiWebs fexiT mosiaruleebs da SezRu-davs transportis moZraobas qalaqis centralur quCebze;

�. savaWro centrebis, turistuli da komerciuli raionebis konkurentunarianobis xelSewyoba da gaumjobeseba advilad misadgomobis maRali standartis uzrunve-lyofiT da momxmareblisaTvis sasiamovno garemos SeqmniT;

�. savaWro raionebSi transportis advilad misvlis uzrunvelyofa.

d. midgomakonsultantebis mier SerCeuli midgoma gansxvavdeboda transportis moZraobis menejmen-

tis analizis adrindeli, ufro tradiciuli midgomebisagan, radgan aq Sedioda, rasac bri-tanelebi uwodeben, `aRqmis analizi~ _ individualuri gamokiTxvebi da diskusiebi miznobriv jgufebTan, sxvadasxva problemebis bunebis da xarisxis dasadgenad. es kvleva gansakuTrebiT mimarTuli iyo specifikuri jgufebis (axalgazrda bavSviani qalebi, badSi momuSave special-istebi, umuSevrebi, qalaqis sxvadasxva biznesis mflobelebi da menejerebi, profesionali mZRolebi da turistebi) SexedulebaTa gamosavlenad, aseve problemebis xarisxisa Tu maTi gadawyvetis SesaZlo daxmarebis wyaroebis naTelsayofad.

specialistebma gamoiyenes agreTve Cveulebrivi statistikuri maCveneblebi maTi saqmiano-bisaTvis: transportis moZraobis daangariSeba, sanomro niSnebis inspeqtireba, gadazidva-gadmo-zidvebis inspeqtireba, ̀ avtomobili-avtobusis~ inspeqtireba, fexiT mosiaruleTa daangariSeba, fexiT mosiaruleTa Seferxebis inspeqtireba, samoqalaqo transportis sadgomis inspeqtireba.

Semdeg gamokvleul iqna, ra odenobis da ramdegvari gadawyveta moipoveba sxvadasxva

- �� -

sferos problemebis gadasaWrelad (momsaxureba da daniSnulebis adgilas mitana, sakuTari avtomanqanebis misawvdomoba, raionSi transportis moZraobis `damSvideba~, avtomobili-av-tobusis momsaxureba, samoqalaqo transporti, fexmavalni da velosipedistebi, distribuciis qseli), raTa mere isini gamoyenebuli yofiliyo qalaqis sxvadasxva raionebSi.

qalaqmSeneblobis proeqtirebis Semdgomma analizma gamoavlina XVIII saukunis baTis logi-kuri Tanazomierebis aRorZineba _ maSin misi mokirwyluli quCebi mTlianad integrirebuli iyo qalaqis georgianuli stilis terasebTana da morkalul quCebTan. (Tanazomiereba daikarga or msoflio oms Sua manqanebis moZraobis gasaadvileblad Setanili cvlilebebiT). am SemTxvevaSi rekomendaciebis safuZveli iyo Tavdapirveli, an Tavdapirvelis msgavsi masalebis kvleva.

amis Semdeg, konsultantebma Seajames Tavisi daskvnebi rva sferoSi, raTa moqalaqeebs hqonodaT maTi ganxilvis SesaZlebloba. sami am sferoebidan geografiuli xasiaTisaa (exeba qalaqis specifikur raionebs); danarCeni xuTi zogadia da swored maTze iqna SemoTavazebuli rekomendaciebi (moZraobis Semcirebis sfero, quCebSi manqanebis gaCerebebis moSla, yvela saxlTan manqanis misadgomebis SezRudva, mokirwyluli quCebi, quCebis dgam-mowyobilobani, manisnebi, avtomobil-avtobusis damxmare nagebobebis momateba).

SeniSvna:gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT baton qristofer paunds, strategiis, konservaciis da

landSaftis arqiteqturis direqtoris moadgiles, romelmac Seamowma da Seaswora Cvens mier momzadebuli masalebi.

g. 2. 3. transportis moZraobis menejmenti

tunisis medina, tunisi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriatunisis medina (tradiciuli islamuri qalaqi) aris erTerTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani daax-

lovebiT �� msgavs olqsa Tu qalaqs Soris, romlebic nominirebulia msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad. mimosavleli sivrceebis gamokveTili da rTuli qseli da arqiteqturuli formebi warmoadgens am konkretul adgilze �000 welze meti drois manZilze mimdinare evo-luciuri procesis Sedegs.

XIX saukunis bolos kolonialuri periodis dadgomam da organizaciis evropuli mod-elebis gacnobam Secvala ganviTarebis istoriuli struqtura; rodesac qalaqis funqciurma centrma sxva raionSi gadainacvla, medina mitovebuli aRmoCnda da daiwyo misi dakninebis neli procesi. misi sivrceebis da moZraobis tradiciuli ierarqiis Rirseba umetes wilad didwilad ver iqna amocnobili. medinas teritoriaze mdebareobs �� klasificirebuli Zegli (da kidev 700 imsaxurebs klasifikacias). da mainc, ansamblis WeSmariti faseuloba misi ur-banuli qsovilis da urTierTdakavSirebuli sivrceebis integrirebulobaSi Zevs.

ukve XX saukunis dasawyisSi, moyolebuli �� wlidan, medinas degradaciis socialuri da ganviTarebismieri mizezebi oficialurad iyo aRiarebuli da mis problemebs araerTi kon-ferencia mieZRvna.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacia��7� wels tunisis medina Setanili iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi niSnad madlierebisa,

rogorc misi gansakuTrebuli TvisebebisaTvis, aseve adgilobrivi Zalebis mtkice Zalisxmevi-saTvis daecvaT igi.

3. kontaqtiThe Association for theConservation of the Medina33, rue Tourbet El Bey1008 Tunis, TunisiaTel.: 216.1.563.618; 216.1.560.896

- �� -

b. amocanebi• transportis moZraobis menejmentis filosofiis gamokveTa, `misadgomebis~ gaumjobe-

sebis, tradiciuli sivrceebisa da gadaadgilebis sqemis dacvis konfliqtis mosagvareblad. • ansamblis, kerZod misi sivrcobrivi organizaciis gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebebis

gamokveTa.

g. konteqstierT-erTi problema, rac yvelaze did safrTxes uqmnida tunisis medinas da sxva arabul

qalaqebs, iyo am qalaqebSi transportis Tanamedrove formebis Semosvla. axalma quCebma da XX saukunis satransporto saSualebebma, romlebic ara marto fizikurad SeiWrnen moZraobis da Senebis arsebul formebSi, aramed Seqmnes mozidulebis axali centrebi, ramac Secvala xalxisa da saqonlis dinebis tradiciuli mimarTulebebi.

tradiciuli medinas teritoriaze, erT dros, mTavari xalxmravali quCa akavSirebda cen-tralur sivrces (meCeTis an sxva religiuri dawesebulebis da mimdebare bazrebis garSemo) mis momzRudav galavanSi datanil karibWeebTan. sacxovrebeli areali ZiriTadi sazogadoebrivi gzebiTa da galavniT iyo mofargluli. mTavari quCidan kerZo saxlebamde midgoma SesaZle-beli iyo Suamavali gzebiT, romelTac Tavisi datvirTva hqondaT: meorexarisxovani quCebiT, romlebic mTavarT ganetoteboda da sadac ganTavsebuli iyo arsebrivi samezoblo funqcie-bi: puris maRaziebi, wisqvilebi, sazogadoebrivi abanoebi. arsebobda agreTve mesame xarisxis gzebi, romelTac mivyavdiT uSualod sacxovrisTan, xSirad Cixebi, romelTac umetesad mx-olod iqauri macxovreblebi iyenebdnen. TviT sacxovrebeli saxlebi fasadiT SigniTken iyvnen mimarTuli da organizebuli iyvnen Sida ezos garSemo, saidanac saxlSi Semodioda sinaTle da haeri da iqmneboda sivrce ojaxis mosasveneblad.

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi `kolonialuri~ epoqis dadgomam da amiT gamowveulma qa-laqis ekonomikurma, socialurma da kulturulma cvlilebebma gamoiwvia tradiciuli wes-rigis Secvlac. gaqra Zveli qalaqis unikaluri polaruloba, romelic warmmarTavda mTavari quCebi erT wertilSi Tavmoyras. axali qalaqis daarsebam quCebis sworkuTxa badiT Zvelis gverdiT da axali transportis gasaCereblebis gamoCenam (kerZod, rkinigzis sadgurebma) Se-qmna sxvadasxva mimarTulebis mqone satransporto qseli. axali qselebis Seqmnam gamoiwvia ko-merciuli aqtivobis gadaadgileba centraluri sivrceebis da karibWeebis mimdebare sabazro teritoriebis miRma, motorizebuli transportisTvis ufro advilad misadgom adgilebSi.

medinas arsebuli qseli sakmaod elastiuri aRmoCnda da Seigua es cvlilebebi, xelic Seuwyo aqtivobis axal formebsa da dones. magram axla, rogorc Cans, elastiurobis limiti ukve iwureba.

dRevandeloba moiTxovs Seiqmnas saSualebebi manqanebis nakadis ise warmarTvisaTvis, ro-gorc es xelsayreli iqneba momavali momxmareblebisa da mTeli qalaqisaTvis, Tanac medinas jer kidev xeluxlebeli ganaSenianebis qsovilisa da samoZrao sivrceebisaTvis zianis miuy-eneblad.

d. midgomaerTi midgoma transportis moZraobis problemebs da saWiroebebisadmi, romelsac qa-

laqic uWers mxars, damokidebulebis Secvlas gulisxmobs – uaris Tqmas TiTqosda uTuo mosazrebaze, viTomc misvlis gaadvileba mudam yvelaze sasurveli ram iyos.

avtomobilTan mimarTebiT, misvlis gaadvileba moiTxovs quCebis, gzajvaredinebisa da mis-asvlelebis gaganierebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, did zegavlenas moaxdens urbanuli cxovrebis ise-dac Seryeul wonasworobaze. ufro metic, gazrdili efeqturoba xels Seuwyobs ganviTarebis axal formebs, rac Tavis Tavad, kvlav qalaqs daawveba da kidev ufro gazrdis moTxovnilebas met momxmarebelze, met momsaxurebaze da met avtomobilze.

ufro Sesaferisi Tanafardobisa misaRwevad upriania agresiuli da rTuli moTxovnile-bebis periferiaze gadatana da fexmavalTa sistemasTan Sesayarze manqanebis sadgomebis mowy-oba. amasTanave, es midgoma arCevanis SemTxvevaSi upiratesobas fexmavalT mianiWebda.

SeniSvna:masala momzadebulia qalbatoni jamila binousis (tunisi) ikomos-is istoriuli qa-

laqebis komitetis krebaze wardgenili moxsenebis safuZvelze.

- �00 -

2. 4. safexmavalT sivrceebis Seqmnis gamocdileba

bevr istoriul qalaqSi avtomobilebis moZraobis gaumjobesebis mcdeloba safrTxes uqmnis fexmavalTa garemos. bolo ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi imis gaazrebam, raoden Ri-rebulia qalaqebisaTvis fexmavalTa ubnebis mier motanili sikeTis SenarCuneba, XX saukunis pirveli aTwleulebis sapirispiro gezi agvarCevina.

TiTqmis yvela Zvelma evropulma qalaqma gamoyo fexiT sasiarulo zonebi, romlebic ZiriTadad mTavari savaWro quCebis gayolebazea ganlagebuli. transportiT midgoma Cveu-lebriv SezRudulia momsaxurebis manqanebiT, isic dRis SedarebiT wynar periodebSi. bevr SemTxvevaSi, es raionebi Zalian kargad muSaobs sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT:

• moqalaqeebisaTvis Seqmnilia SedarebiTi simSvidis oazisebi ZiriTadi satransporto arteriebis xmaurisa da dabinZurebisagan;

• Zveli raionebi daculia msubuqi da satvirTo manqanebiT gamowveuli fizikuri gacveTisagan;

• sadarbaislo da vizualuri wesrigis SegrZnebis SenarCuneba manqanebisagan for-madaukargav raionebSi, sadac mag., SerCenilia tradiciuli wesiTa da masaliT mokir-wyluli quCebi;

• es ubnebi magnitisebr mimzidvelia adgilobrivi macxovreblebisa Tu CamosulTaT-vis, rac mastimulirebelia ekonomikis gasacxovleblad.

msoflios sxva nawilebSi, sadac Suris TvaliT uyureben evropis Zvel, ufro humanur garemos, romelic agrerigad farTod iguebs fexmavalTa areebs, xSirad cdilan gadmoeRoT es ideebi. Sedegebi yovelTvis erTnairi ar iyo. magaliTad, CrdiloeT afrikaSi msgavsma mcd-elobebma warmateba ar moitana. Tumca SesaZlebeli iyo evropuli fexiT sasiarulo quCebis saamo garemo pirobebis gadmoReba, magram am mcdelobebs yovelTvis Tan ar sdevda ekonomi-kuri modernizeba. Crdilo amerikaSi, gamomdinare ufro didi manZilebidan saxlsa da sam-saxurs Soris, gamomdinare iqidan, rom iqauri macxovreblebi ufro metad arian kerZo manqa-nebze damokidebuli da Tavisufal drosac sxvagvarad uyureben, am gamocdilebis gadmoRebam gamoiwvia biznesis da aqtivobis daqveiTeba umetes fexiT sasiarulo zonebSi.

fexiT sasiarulo zonebis Seqmna warmatebuli iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi daeyrdnoba faqtorebis farTo speqtris analizs, sadac gegmarebisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba rogorc socialuri, ise ekonomikuri Cvevebi.

2. 5. turizmi

bevri istoriuli qalaqi, romelic ebrZvis ekonomikur dakninebas an daZvelebas, Tavis Tavs miiCnevs im qonebad, romlis eqspluataciam SesaZloa ekonomikuri sargebeli moitanos.

Tu ar moxdeba misi saTanado marTva, turizmisaTvis saintereso am qonebam SeiZleba im-denive problema moitanos, ramdensac gadaWris: radgan mzardi turizmi gamoiwvevs istoriu-li Senobebis mdgomareobis gauaresebas, xolo adgilobrivi macxovreblebi zurgs Seaqceven rogorc stumrebs, ise im mSvenier adgilebs, romlis sanaxavadac isini modian. garda amisa, ekonomikuri mogeba, romelic TiTqosda samosaxlos unda moxmardes, xSir SemTxvevaSi sruli-ad sxva xalxis anda turizmis cxra mTas iqiT myof saagentoebis xelSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes.

bevri qalaqi, romelTac didi ziani miadgaT uTavbolo turizmisagan, axla cdilobs Sei-muSavos ufro farTo midgoma, romelsac `memkvidreobis turizmi,~ an `kulturuli turizmi~ ewodeba. es midgomac ganixilavs turizms, rogorc ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas da istoriul kvartalebs, rogorc mTavar qonebas, magram igi gulisxmobs ufro farTo miznebs imiT, rom Tavazobs turistebs ara ubralod daniSnulebis adgilebze miyvanas, aramed garkveul STabe-Wdilebebsac. es midgoma zrdis kavSirs stumarsa da maspinZels Soris, xels uwyobs mcire masStabis adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebas (mag., Ramis gasaTevebeli adgilebi dilis sauzmesTan erTad), aRviZebs `maspinZlobis~ siamayes, sTavazobs turistebs sxvadasxva saxis qmedebebs da sxvadasxva adgilebze gadanawilebas da Semosavlis met nawils adgilobrivebis xelSi tovebs.

- �0� -

d. konservaciis programebis marTva istoriuli qalaqebis teritoriaze: konkretuli magaliTebis analizi

Sesavali

Tu msoflio memkvidreobis konvencia konservaciis SedarebiT axali instrumentia, sakon-servacio samuSaoebi, gaazrebulad Tu gauazreblad, Cven istoriul qalaqebsa da urbanuli raionebSi mTeli maTi arsebobis manZilze tardeboda. es ase rom ar yofiliyo, es centrebi aRar iarsebebda.

adamianebma, romlebic amgvari qalaqebis arsebobis manZilze maT marTvaSi monawil-eobdnen, Tavisi memkvidreobismieri niSnebis dasacavad Seqmnes saSualebebisa da meqanizmebis farTo speqtri. zogi mimarTavs maregulirebel kontrolsa da masSi CarTvas; zogi mosaxleo-bis monawileobas da mxardaWeras. menejmenti agreTve SeiZleba Seicavdes qonebis CamorTmevas, maregulirebel kontrols, materialur stimulirebas (sadac Sedis gadasaxadebis dabruneba, grantebi, dabalprocentiani sesxebi, uflebebis gadacema) proeqtis ganxilvas, proeqtis Ziri-Tad principebs da sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebas. TiToeuli maTganis saTanado gamoyeneba damokidebulia am ansamblebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis kulturuli Rirebulebis marTe-bulad Sefasebaze.

yvelaze Sesaferisi saSualebebis SerCeva aucilebels gaxdis sxvadasxva monaTesave faq-torebis Sefasebas: samosaxlos resursebis da SesaZlebobebis, arsebuli safrTxeebis bunebis, im gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis, romelTa dacva an gaumjobesebaa sasurveli; imisa, arsebobs Tu ara memkvidreobis konservaciis mxardaWeris ganwyobileba; sazogadoebis sxva marTebuli moTxovnebis zegavlenisa da vadebis, romelSic sasurvelia Sedegebis miReba.

samosaxloebis resursebi Zalze gansxvavebulia da, Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva SesaZlebobe-bic Tavisi memkvidreobis dasacavad. es resursebi SeiZleba iyos finansuri, materialuri, an adamianuri. Tu adamianTa jgufebi an kerZo pirebi ver acnobiereben im sargebels, rac kon-servacias moaqvs sazogadoebisaTvis, SeiZleba saWiro aRmoCndes qalaqebis prioritetebis ise dazusteba, rom sazogadoebrivi resursebi ufro gonivrulad gadanawildes, maTve sakeTil-dReod. gadasaxadebis dabruneba, finansuri stimulireba, myisieri grantebi _ is finansuri meqanizmebia, rac emsaxureba sazogadoebis TvalSi memkvidreobis konservaciis mimzidvelobis gazrdas.

samosaxloebi agreTve simwifisa da ganviTarebis gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSi imyofebian, memkvidreobaze zrunvis da misi marTebulad gansazRvris TvalsazrisiT. iq, sadac dabali TviTSegnebaa, SesaZlebelia saWiro aRmoCndes moklevadiani RonisZiebebi memkvidreobis im elementebis dasacavad, romelTac uSualo safrTxe emuqreba. Tu sazogadoebrivi interesi memkvidreobis mimarT sakmaod maRalia da risame dakargvis SesaZlebloba aRSfoTebas iwvevs, maSin yvelaze Sesaferisi meqanizmebi grZelvadiani warmatebis misaRwevad sazogadoebaSi mem-kvidreobisadmi interesis da mis winaSe valdebulebis grZnobis gaRviveba iqneba.

Sesaferisi meqanizmebis SerCevisas mTavari principi unda iyos, Tu ra zomamde daicavs romelime maTgani ansamblis memkvidreobismier xasiaTs. regulaciis meqanizmebma, romlebic uzrunvelyofen ganviTarebis mkacr kontrols, SeiZleba arabunebrivi erTgvarovneba SesZi-nos istoriul raionebs, romelTac mravalferovani gamomsaxveloba axasiaTebT. aseve xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sesaferisi meqanizmebis SerCevaze gavlenas axdens isic, ra xarisxiT apireben daakmayofilon mokle Tu grZelvadiani saWiroebani.

TiToeul SemTxvevaSi unda daisvas ori saboloo kiTxva: ra maxasiaTeblebi unda daicvas arCeulma meqanizmebma? ra maxasiaTeblebs SeiZleba waadges es Tu is gansaxilveli meqanizmi?

1. saorganizacio strategia

efeqtiuri saorganizacio strategiis SemuSaveba konservaciis programebis an saqmiano-bis monawileTaTvis, moiTxovs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas, sul cota sam doneze: sakonservacio gundis Seqmna; konservaciis procesis gaZRola da konservaciis gegmebis marTebulad aRqma da ganxorcieleba.

konservaciis gundma unda moicvas sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenelTa mier gaRebuli wvlili. konservaciis procesi unda xels uwyobdes maT TanamSromlobas qalaqis memkvidreobismieri xasiaTis da misi Semamtkicebeli elementebis gansazRvraSi, aseve im

- �0� -

saqmianobaSi, rac daicavs am xasiaTs. xolo konservaciis gegma unda asaxavdes procesis Tanadroulad Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad dasaxul konkretul miznebs.

1. 1. konservaciis gundi

im istoriuli qalaqebis gegmarebis departamentebSi, romelnic zrunaven memkvidreobis konservaciaze, memkvidreobis programebis ganxorcieleba, Cveulebriv, damgegmareblebs ekis-rebaT. programaSi CarTul specialistTa raodenobis zrdasTan erTad, sasargeblo iqneba davrwmundeT, rom jgufis Semadgenloba asaxavs marTlac kargi sakonservacio samuSaoebis mravaldisciplinarulobas.

qalaqis gamgeobaSi arsebuli warmatebul sakonservacio ganyofilebebs, Cveulebriv, Sem-degi axasiaTebs:

• sxvadasxva sferos kvleviTi da samecniero dargebis warmomadgenlebis erToblivi muSaoba;

• gadawyvetilebis miRebisadmi gunduri midgoma da sxvadasxva dargebis warmomadgen-lis Tanabari wvlili mimarTulebis arCevaSi.

1. 2. konservaciis procesi

konservacia Rirebulebebs efuZneba. konkretuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis, nagebobis an ansamblis SemTxvevaSi, konservaciis procesisas pirvel rigSi unda ganisazRvros masSi Cade-buli memkvidreobismieri Rirebulebani. rodesac Rirebulebani naTelyofilia, konservaciis procesi gvaZlevs SesaZlo variantebis Sefasebisa da imis amorCevis saSualebas, rac yvelaze nakleb zians miayenebs gamovlenil Rirebulebebs.

istoriul qalaqebSi konservaciis procesisadmi seriozuli midgoma konservaciis jgu-fis yvela wevrisgan mis nabij-nabij miyolas iTxovs. dokumentaciis Sedgena, Rirebulebis dadgena da inventarizacia saSualebas iZleva ganisazRvros mosafrTxilebeli Rirebulebani; ganviTarebis variantebi Semdgom swored maTTan mimarTebaSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros.

konservaciis procesi iZleva minimaluri Carevis midgomis garantias, radgan yuradRebas amaxvilebs Rirebulebebze minimaluri uaryofiTi gavlenis moxdenaze. procesis warmatebuli ganxorcieleba aseve iTxovs funqciur saWiroebaTa Sefasebas da sxva kriteriumebis moniSvna-sac, romelTac arCeuli variantebi unda akmayofilebdes.

1. 3. konservaciis gegma

maSinac ki, rodesac konservaciis meTodis arCevani gegmarebis procesis guldasmiT midevnebas miyveba, maSinac ki, rodesac moxmarebuli saSualeba holisturad integrirebuli amocanebis gadasaWrelad aris moxmobili, misi adgilze gamoyenebisas SesaZlebelia mxedvelo-bidan gamogvrCes misi kavSiri ufro farTo amocanebTan.

mniSvnelovania yovelTvis mxedvelobaSi viqonioT SerCevis mizniT Catarebuli yvela ana-lizis Sedegi, raTa movaxdinoT saWiro koreqtivebi mTlianad strategiisa da ara mxolod romelime calkeuli elementis.

albaT, yvelaze xelsayreli saSualeba aseTi mimarTulebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis iqneba samosaxlos strategiuli arCevanis CarTva im dokumentSi, romelSic Sesulia miRebuli arCev-anis dasabuTeba, miTiTebulia samarTavad gansazRvruli Rirebulebani da aRwerilia miznebi an Sefasebis kriteriumebi, rac warmatebis SemTxvevaSi iqneba miRweuli. aseT meqanizms, Cveu-lebriv konservaciis gegmas uwodeben.

zogierT istoriul raionSi gegmarebis zemoaRwerili analizis Sedegebi samoqmedo zinebad aris warmodgenili, romelic rukebzec SeiZleba daitano _ mag., `didi faseulobaa _ xeli ar axloT,~ `mokrZalwebuli faseulobaa _ frTxilad moekideT~, `ar warmoadgens raime faseulobas _ saWiroebis mixedviT, ginda moaSoreT, ginda CaanacvleT.~ memkvidreobis zonebad amgvarma dayofam, Tugind amgvari dokumentis moxmarebaSi gamocdil pirTa xelSi, SeiZleba samosaxlos memkvidreobis marTva metismetad gaubraloebulad mogvaCvenos:

- �0� -

• zonebs Soris miniSnebebiT Seqmnili gansxvaveba SeiZleba droTa ganmavlobaSi kidev ufro gaZlierdes, rac Tavis mxriv kidev ufro gazrdis dacilebas `savaldebuloa”-sa da `arasavaldebulo”-s Soris;

• aman SeiZleba xelovnurad Seanelos ekonomika istoriul raionSi imiT, rom mimar-Tavs ganviTarebis investiciebs im zonebisaken, sadac naklebi winaaRmdegobaa mosa-lodneli (maSin, rodesac mniSvnelovani Zeglebi sul ufro uyuradRebod mitove-buli aRmoCndeba);

• mosazreba, romlis safuZvelzea Semotanili sxvaobani, SesaZloa male miaviwydeT da, aqedan gamomdinare, gegma kargavs unars moqnilad moergos axal viTarebebs;

• gegmam SeiZleba misces Semdgom mgegmareblebs agresiuli ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, ar ki daavaldebulos isini moaxdinon Tavisi mcdelobis sxva amocanebTan integracia;

saukeTeso sakonservacio gegma aris is, romelic arasdros dagvaviwyebs sityvas `ratom~, sadac qmedebani gansazRvrul problemebTan da RirebulebebTanaa dakavSirebuli da sadac advili gansaWvretia is zegavlena, rac SeiZleba ganicados cvlilebebisas integrirebuli programebis da saSualebebis mTlianma sistemam.

2. dokumentaciis Sedgena da Sefaseba

ama Tu im ubnis konseravaciis efeqtiuri programa saWiroebs mniSvnelovani adgilebis, nagebobebis, sivrceebis, marSrutebis, xedebis da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis da maTi xasiaTis ganmsazRvreli atributebis dawvrilebiT aRwerilobas (inventarizacias). dokumentirebuli unda iyos dinamikuri faqtorebic: gamoyeneba da saqmianoba, sxvadasxva erTeulebs, ekonomi-kur da socialur Rirebulebebs Soris kavSirebis da urTierTobebis simtkice. ase Sedgenil aRwerilobaSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba sakvanZo Rirsebebze, prioritetul saWiroebebze, md-gomareobis gamosworebis potencialze da agreTve saSualebas mogvcems Sefasdes ganviTa-rebis SemoTavazebuli variantiT gamowveuli zegavlena. konservaciis monacemTa bazis sarge-blianoba kvlevis xarisxidan da sisrulidan gamomdinareobs, aseve iqidan, rom is xelmisawv-domia maTTvis, vinc misi gamoyenebiT sargebloba unda naxos.

yvela saxis aRweriloba (inventarizacia) iwyeba kvleviT, romelic Sesaswavlis yovel erTeulzea mimarTuli. bevr disciplinas ZaluZs Tavisi wvlili Seitanos RirsSesaniSnavi ad-gilis konservaciis kvlevis procesSi, magram, Cveulebriv, aq Sedis istoria, arqeologia da arqiteqtura.

dokumentaciis Sedgenis programis efeqtiuroba damokidebulia Catarebuli kvlevis xarisxze. Tavis mxriv, efeqtiuri kvlevis piroba mkafio mizandasaxulebaaa. da marTlac, mra-valdisciplinaruli gundis wevrTa mcdelobiT efeqturi da integrirebuli Sedegebi rom miviRoT, proeqtirebis dasawyisSi gundis xelmZRvanelma mkafiod unda Camoayalibos kvlevis mizani da masStabi, amis gareSe kvleviT samuSaoebs ar eqneba mimarTuleba, maTi Sedegebi, albaT, didwilad gadafravs erTmaneTs, mxolod xelmisawvdomi monacemebis ucabed nakrebs mogvcems da Semowmebisas, albaT, mniSvnelovan kiTxvebs verc upasuxebs.

2. 1. memkvidreobis aRnusxva

nebismier sakonservacio proeqtSi samuSaoebis dawyebisas erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nabijia imis aRnusxva, rac adgilze dagvxvda. Cveulebriv, es arqiteqtorebis sakeTebelia, romlebic inJinrebTan an sainJinero-arqiteqturul teqnologebTan muSaoben.

ra ukuRmarTobac unda daatexos Tavs RirsSesanisnav adgils droTa svlam, memkvidreo-bis guldasmiT Sesrulebuli aRnusxva saSualebas mogvcems samudamod SevinarCunoT am adgi-lis sazrisi, sxva Tu ara, erT doneze mainc. meore msoflio omamde, iseTma samuSaoebma, rac Cautarda varSavis Zveli qalaqis Senobebs, SesaZlebeli gaxada omis Semdgom periodSi isto-riuli centris nagebobebis rekonstruqciisas maTi sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelovnebis xelaxali samganzomilebiani warmoCena.

xSirad memkvidreobis aRnusxva ufro prozaul, Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovan amocanebs emsaxureba. mas SeuZlia Segvamowmebinos Senobis saproeqto naxazebis sizuste; is gviqmnis

- �0� -

safuZvels SekeTebis proeqtebis dasamuSaveblad; igi iZleva ara marto naxazisTvis saWiro informacias, aramed avlens Senobis deformaciebs da cvlilebebs; xolo detaluri aRnusxvis procesi TavisTavad warmoadgens RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis Sida urTierTkavSirebis da Ta-viseburebaTa uSualo moazrebis brwyinvale saSualebas.

memkvidreobis aRnusxva SeiZleba detalizebis da informaciulobis mraval doneze Cat-ardes da teqnologiebis farTo speqtri gamoiyenos. saTanado doneebis da meTodologiebis gansazRvra saWiroebs imis mkafio codnas, Tu ra miznebisaTvis atarebs aRnusxvas Sesabamisi dawesebuleba Tu samuSaos xelmZRvaneli piri.

miuxedavad imisa, rom axla arsebobs aRnusxvis axali teqnologiebis da meTodebis didi raodenoba, dawyebuli distanciuri gamzomi xelsawyoebidan, kompiuteruli cifrobrivi sqe-mis Sedgenasa da stereo-fotografirebamde, aucilebelia gvaxsovdes, rom yvelaze ganvi-Tarebuli teqnologiebi gamoyenebuli unda iyos mxolod saWiro da mkafiod gansazRvruli miznis misaRwevad.

bevr SemTxvevaSi, tradiciuli sawoniani Sveuli, carci, saxazavi da planSeti sruliad sakmarisia, raTa miviRoT sasurveli sizustisa da sisrulis Sedegi.

rogorc kvlevis sxva saSualebebis SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom pirvelad calkeu-li RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis aRnusxva xdeba, mniSvnelovania gamoinaxos yvela Sedegis gaer-Tianebis gza. quCis xedis naxazebs, samganzomilebian orTogonalur proeqciebs an masStabian modelebs didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT istoriuli qalaqebis rTuli morfologiis swo-rad gasagebad.


d. 2. 1. memkvidreobis aRnusxva

berni, Sveicaria

saxuravebis zedxedis / sardafebis aRnusxvis programa

a. winapiropbebi

1. istoriaberni Sua saukuneebSi aRmocenebuli qalaqia, romelic dRemde periodulad ganaxlebas

ganicdis. �� wels hercog berxtold V zaringenelis mier daarsebulma qalaqma ayvavebas XIV

saukuneSi miaRwia. im droindeli qalaqi mniSvnelovnad gaamdidrda XVI saukuneSi agebulma Sadrevnebma, koSkebma, kedlebma, XVII saukunis aristokratTa sasaxleebma da XIX s-is bolo aSenebulma mravalma sazogadoebrivi daniSnulebis Senobam, rogoricaa bundeshausi, saxviTi xelovnebis muzeumi, saistorio muzeumi, universiteti da municipaluri Teatri.

quCebis da SenobaTa nakveTebis dagegmareba da zogierTi ubnis TaRedebiani fexiT sasia-rulo quCebi dRemde didwilad inarCunebs Suasaukuneebriv xasiaTs. Sua saukunovani fizi-kuri qsovili XVIII da XIX saukuneebSi ganaaxles da kvlav didwilad aaSenes kidec simWidrovis gasazrdelad da saxlebis modernizaciisaTvis.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciaberni SeirCa msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wels III kriteriumis safuZ-

velze, rogorc ̀ im civilizaciis mowame, romelic ukve aRar arsebobs,~ rac mis Suasaukunovan warmoSobas gulisxmobs. nominacias Tan sdevda garkveuli SeniSvnebi, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom Sua saukuneebis Semdgomi periodis transformaciebis gamo qalaqi aRar warmoadgens Sua saukuneebis urbanizmis tipiur magaliTs da rom dacvis kanonmdebloba bolo dromde mxolod fasadebs iTvaliswinebda da ara mTlian Senobebs.

- �0� -

3. dakavSirebaMr. Bernhard Furrer, Arch.Dipl. EPP/SIA/SWB,Erlacherhof, Junkengasse47, Case Postale 636,CH-3000 Bern 8,SwitzerlandTel.: 031.68.60.90Fax: 031.68.60.10

a. amocanebi

• memkvidreobis aRnusxvisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis inventarizaciisadmi iseTi midgomis SemuSaveba, romelic pirdapir kavSirSia im fizikur niSnebTan, rac gansaz-Rvravs qalaqis xasiaTs.

• memkvidreobis aRnusxvis Sedegebis, rogorc nagebobebSi cvlilebis Setanis wina-dadebaTa Semowmebis safuZvlad gamoyeneba.

g. konteqstibernis mnaxvelebze did STabeWdilebas axdens misi saxuravebi. xedebi sakaTerdo taZ-

ridan da mdinare aares mimdgomi gorakebidan xels uwyobs im araCveulebrivi sanaxaobis aR-qmas, rasac adgilobrivi konservaciis ofisi mexuTe fasads uwodebs. bernis konservaciis specialistebi mixvdnen, rom aucilebelia qalaqis xasiaTis am umniSvnelovanesi komponentis simrTelis dacva da aRricxvis iseTi programis SemuSaveba, romelic martooden mas moicavs, yvela wvrilmaniTurT.

qalaqis sardafebi rogorc mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elementi naklebadaa aRiarebuli. isini didad Rirebuli arqeologiuri resursia qalaqis mimdinare evoluciis gasagebad. amave dros, radgan rogorc qalaqis warsulis mowame, isini Tvals naklebad xvdeba, isini cvlile-baTa mimarT ufro daucvelia. qalaqSi miwis fasebis mkveTrma zrdam xeli Seuwyo sardafis sivrceebis gazrdil komerciul gamoyenebas. miwisqveSa infrastruqturis modernizaciam Ses-aZloa safrTxe Seuqmnas iq SemorCenil istoriul nakvalevs, xolo mSeneblobis Tanamedrove standartebi moiTxovs arsebuli masalebis Canacvlebas, raTa uzrunvelyos zeda sarTulebis stabiluroba. garda amisa, sardafebis axlandeli gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia zomebis miReba nestis da tenianobis winaaRmdeg.

d. midgomasaxuravebis zedxediprocesi Seicnobs da cdilobs cxrilebis saxiT daafiqsiros sxvadasxva faqtori,

romelTac SeuZlia SeeSvelos saxuravebis zedxedebis dacvas: fizikuri formebi da masa-lebi, konstruqciebi, erTimeoreze ganlagebuli nawilebi (samercxlulebi, milebi, antenebi, sakvamurebi, cecxlamridebi, terasebi, SuSis gadaxurvebi), da interieris sivrcis gamoyeneba da mdgomareoba.

inventarizacia exeba yvela obieqts da afiqsirebs rogorc interieris, aseve eqsterieris mdgomareobas. es iZleva saSualebas qalaqis saxuravebis zedxedi ganixilebodes rogorc in-dividualur erTeulebad, aseve erT ganuyofel mTlianobad.

aRnusxvis procesi moicavs distanciur agegmilebas stereo-fotogrametruli aparatis saSualebiT, samganzomilebiani sqemis misaRebad da xeliT aRnusxvas, sadac dokumentirebuli iqneba detalebi, sxvadasxva masala da mdgomareoba.

es procesi imdenad Rirebuli ramaa, rom gamoqveynda sazogadoebisTvis gasacnobad. Bern-er Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heinmatkunde, Heft 1, 48, Jahrgang, 1986. - publikacia eZRvnevboda bernis kantonis istoriis da folkloris sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.

��7� wlis qalaqis dacvis ganwesebis Tanaxmad aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis ganacxadSi saWiroa saxuravebis formebis arsebuli siluetis gaTvaliswineba da SenarCuneba. unda aRiniSnos, rom es ar aris pirveli ganweseba bernSi saxuravebis formis Taobaze. ��0� wlis xanZris Semdeg, romelic mTel qalaqs moedo, mSeneblebs agulianebdnen xis saxuravis yavari SeecvalaT Tixis kramitebiT; mogvianebiT, XVIII saukuneSi, municipaluri ganwesebis Tanaxmad, ganisazRvreboda saxuravebis quCisken Sveriloba, gadaxurvaTa gancalkaveba da qanobi.

- �0� -

sardafebi�� wels samnaviani savaWro darbazis TaRovani sardafis samwuxaro dangrevis Semdeg,

Catarda sacdeli kvleviTi samuSaoebi am, umeteswilad dafaruli resursebis gamosakvlevad da maTi dokumentaciis Sesadgenad. kvleva �� weli gagrZelda (��-��7�) da warmoqmna rwmena, rom aucilebelia mTeli istoriuli qalaqis sardafebis aRnusxva da maTi rukebis Sedgena.

sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, ��,000 saaTis muSaobis Sedegi iyo �,�00 sardafis aRnusxva, romle-bic mdebareoba 7�0 saxlis qveS. rogorc qalaqis saxuravebis SemTxvevaSi iyo, aqac aRnusxvis Sedegad gakeTda rogorc anazomebi (masStabiT � : �00), aseve aRweriloba, sadac miTiTebuli iyo iseTi detalebi, rogoricaa kedlebis da iatakis masala, Senebis teqnikuri xerxebi, TaRebi da sxv. yvela saxis axali informacia Tavmoyrilia erT Sefasebis uwyisSi, sadac miTiTebulia tipologia, konstruqcia, asaki, forma, masala, gviani cvlilebebi da mdgomareobis gaumjobe-sebis variantebi.

wyaro:Berner Zeitschrift fürGeschichte undHeimatkunde,Heft 1, 44, Jahrgang, 1982.

2. 2. istoriuli da arqiteqturuli kvleva

kvlevis procesis dasawyebad, Cveulebriv iwveven istorikoss. mkvlevari cdilobs muS-aoba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis agebisa da masze cxovrebis werilobiTi mowmobebis interpreta-ciis mcdelobiT daiwyos, rac ar azianebs Tavad obieqts (es ar iTqmis, mag., arqeologiaze). amitomac, sxva samecniero disciplinebis warmomadgenlebi elodebian sabuTebis Seswavlis dasrulebas da mere Ra iwyeben Tavis saqmianobas. maTi kvleva (asea saerTod kvleviT saqmiano-baSi) yvelaze ufro nayofieria maSin, rodesac mkafiod Camoyalibul sakiTxebsa da saWiroe-bebs pasuxobs.

kvlevis farglebSi istorikosis mcdeloba safuZvels unda amzadebdes mis gasagrZele-blad: ra kiTxvebi darCa upasuxod? ra hipoTezebi saWiroebs Semdgom Semowmebas? istor-ikosebis daxmareba, SesaZloa, drodadro SemdgomSic iyos saWiro, Tu axali informacia _ an aseTis ar arseboba _ mkvlevarTa gulisyurs sxva mxriv mimarTavs.

istorikosis naSromi SesaZloa arqiteqturis istorikosebis kvlevam Seavsos, romelTa ZiriTadi sazrunavi SenobaTa stiluri gamomsaxvelobis da teqnologiuri donis ufro vrcel konteqstSi `dabinavebaa~. maTi analizi adgens im elementebs, romlebic TamaSobs sakvanZo rols RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis memkvidreobismieri xasiaTis gansazRvraSi. aseve mniSvnelova-nia arqiteqturis adgilze SemswavlelTa saqmianoba, romelTa daskvnebs `miwiszeda arqeolo-giis warmoebisas~ SeuZlia Seavsos da daasabuTos dokumenturi masala.

da mainc, adgilze arqiteqturuli kvlevis umTavresi mimarTuleba gulisxmobs Senobis fizikuri `janmrTelobis~ da stabilurobis dadgenas inspeqtirebis, testirebis da analize-bis Catarebis gziT. aseTma dakvirvebebma SesaZloa gadamwyveti wvlili Seitanos SekeTebis prioritetebis da strategiis gansazRvrisas.

aqac, rogorc kvlevis procesis sxva mimarTulebebSi, Tuki mniSvnelovania ansamblis calkeuli erTeulebis gageba davasafuZvloT, aseve arsebiTia davrwmundeT, rom yvela dak-virveba Sejerebulia, xolo gamoyenebis xasiaTi, saqmianoba da cvlilebebi mTlianad gamokv-leuli.

2. 3. arqeologiuri kvleva

arqeologia kulturis gagebas miwis qveS mdebare kulturuli masalis analizis Sedegad moipovebs. vinaidan igi anadgurebs masalas, romelsac Seiswavlis (gaTxrebis dros) da, aqedan gamomdinare, istorikosis Sromisagan gansxvavebiT, igi aRar SeiZleba Seswordes, arqeologebi Tavis samuSaoebs gansakuTrebuli profesiuli sifrTxiliT awarmoeben. maT Tandayolil sifrTx-iles kidev ufro aZlierebs napovnis sabunebismetyvelo analizis swrafi winsvla. iman, rasac aTi wlis win ubralod moisvridnen, axla SeiZleba didZali informacia mogvces. daskvna aSkaraa: rac ufro did xans rCeba masala miwis qveS, miT ufro ukeTesad gasagebi gaxdeba igi momavalSi.

- �07 -

kargad Sedgenili kvlevis gegma, guldasmiT Catarebuli istoriuli analizi da arqeolo-giuri potencialis saTanado Sefaseba saSualebas aZlevs arqeologs Semoifarglos gaTxrebi umciresi Sesamowmebeli monakveTiT, romelic Seesatyviseba upasuxod darCenil sakvlev kiTx-vebs.

gadarCenis samuSaoebi (magaliTad, saZirkvlis SekeTebisas saWiro xdeba mimdebare niada-gis moSoreba) Cveulebriv moiTxovs dazianebis zonidan arqeologiuri masalis mocilebas.

arqeologiuri kvleva ar aris iafi saqme. kvlevis biujetSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos napovnis analizi da konservacia. arqeologebis profesiuli valdebulebaa aRnusxon da gaaanalizon yoveli napovnis buneba da warmoSoba, uzrunvelyon velze artefaqsebis rac SeiZleba kargi konservacia da xangZlivad Senaxvis stabiluri da xelmisawvdomi pirobebi. amas SeiZleba dasWirdes �-�-jer meti dro da biujeti, rac TviT gaTxrebis warmoebas sWirdeba.

bolo aTwleulSi, arqeologiis SesaZleblobam uSualod daainteresos urbanuli sazoga-doeba maTi warsulis nivTieri SedgenilobiTa da `saTqmeliT~, miipyro ZeglTa damcvelebis adgilobrivi jgufebisa da saagentoebis yuradReba. mravalma qalaqma wamoiwyo didi gaqanebis proeqtebi im angariSiT, rom SerCeuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi ganviTardeba da miiReben mogebas, erTi mxriv, menaSenes unarze daafinansos kvleva obieqtis ganviTarebis xarjebis farglebSi da, meore mxriv, sazogadoebis wadils nebayoflobiT daexmaros gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCino da safrTxis qveS myofi obieqtebis gaTxrebs.

ganviTarebis moTxovnaze am lamisaa ucabedma gamoxmaurebam msoflio memkvidreobis bevr RirsSesaniSnav adgilebSi STaagona sazogadoebrivi arqeologiuri programebi grZelvadiani kvlevis strategiebze gaemaxvilebina yuradReba.

im adgilebis ganxilvisas, romlebic SesaZloa imsaxurebdnen Seswavlas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos arqeologebis profesiuli valdebulebebi. maTi valia ara potenciurad saintereso adgilis aucilebelad gaTxra, aramed, sworedac piriqiT, awarmoon minimaluri gaTxrebi, kv-levis mniSvnelovan kiTxebze pasuxis gasacemad.


d. 2. 3. arqeologiuri kvleva

kvebeki, kanada

wardgena da inrepretacia

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriakvebeki daarsebuli iyo samuel de Samples mier ��0� wels, axal samyaroSi franguli

koloniuri eqspansiis dasawyisSive. igi mdebareobs mdinare wm. lourenss gadmomyure damreci qanobis zemo da qvemo nawilebSi. kvebekis topografiam da funqciebma erTad gansazRvres iseTi urbanuli forma, rac axlacaa asaxuli gamagrebul zeda qalaqsa da qveda, saporto nawilSic.

�7�� wlamde, frangebis mmarTvelobisas, gansazRvruli iyo qalaqis ori zonis ZiriTadi xasiaTi _ qalaqis qveda, portis mimdebare nawili asrulebda qalaqis komerciul funqciebs, xolo zeda qalaqs ekisreboda administraciuli da religiuri funqciebi.

Tuki XVII da XVIII saukuneebSi gansazRvruli zogadi mimarTebebi dRemde SenarCunebulia, dRevandlamde im periodis nagebobebis mxolod mcire raodenobam _ ZiriTadad zeda qalaqis religiurma Zeglebma _ moaRwia. axlandeli garegnuli saxe qalaqma umeteswilad XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi SeiZina. swored am periodiT TariRdeba istoriuli ubnebis Senobebis TiTq-mis naxevari.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciakvebeki msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wlis damlevs iqna wardgenili iko-

mos-is mimoxilvaSi miTiTebuli ori kriteriumis safuZvelze. ikomos-ma moiyvana kriteriumi IV da miuTiTa qalaqis istoriul raionze, rogorc `harmoniul urbanul ansamblze. . . ro-melic Seicavs citadels, bastionis kedlebiT dacul zeda qalaqs, da qveda qalaqs, misi

- �0� -

navsadguriT da Zveli ubnebiT. igi warmoadgens gamagrebuli koloniuri qalaqis SesaniSnav nimuSs. . . CrdiloeT amerikaSi yvelaze srulad SerCenils.~ VI kriteriumi aseve miesadageba kvebeks, radgan `axali safrangeTis yofili dedaqalaqia. . . romelic asaxavs mosaxleobis da amerikis zrdis mTavar etapebs axal da Tanamedrove periodSi.~

3. kontaqtiMr. Serge Viau,Ville de Québec,2, rue des Jardins,Case postale 700,Québec, Québec,Canada GIR 4S9Tel.: (418) 691-6866Fax: (418) 691-2346.

b. amocanebi• sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba, bunebisa da arqeologiuri memkvidreobis simdidris

dafasebis SegrZnebis gaRrmaveba;• arqeologiuri kvlevis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Semdgomi ganviTarebis sazogadoe-

bisaTvis ganmarteba gaTxrebis warmoebis dros da maT Semdgom; • arqeologiuri kvlevis integrireba qalaqis urbanuli ganviTarebis programaSi.

g. konteqstiqalaqi kvebeki kanadis erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari da mravalferovani arqeologiuri ad-

gilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalaqis arsebobis �00 wlis manZilze misi roli xSirad icvle-boda, igi yovelTvis regionis ganviTarebis mTavari centri yofila. radgan is jer axali safrangeTis, Semdgom gaerTianebuli kanadebis qveda kanadis da bolos ki kvebekis provin-ciis mTavari qalaqi iyo, misma politikurma dawesebulebebma arsebiTi memkvidreoba datova, xolo vinaidan saporto qalaqia _ erT dros amerikaSi sididiT me-� _ navsadgurisa da misi Tanmxelbi Senobebis saxelcvlilebebmac. raki is gamagrebuli qalaqia, istoriulad didad informaciulia misi TavdacviTi nagebobani (maTgan uadresi – �� wlisaa). is saeklesio centricaa, garda amisa, misi xasiaTis erTi ganmsazRvreli winaTac da axlac mudam ganviTare-baTi, saganmanaTleblo da jandacvis centrebia. da bolos, araCveulebrivad mravalferovani da mdidari aRnusxuli masala dagvitoves macxovreblebma, romlebic mxarSi edgnen qalaqis institucionalur da komerciul saqmianobas.

interesi am arqeologiuri simdidris mimarT aSkarad gamovlinda bolo �� wlis ganmav-lobaSi. am periodis ganmavlobaSi midgomac Seicvala _ axla marto gansakuTrebuli mniSvn-elobis obieqtebi ki aRaraa yuradRebis sagani (rogorc, mag., ��70-ian wlebSi), aramed gamoi-kveTa gaerTianebuli samecniero, korporaciul da samTavrobo interesebi mTeli istoriuli nawilis obieqtTa gamovlenisa da damuSavebis mimarT. amgvar TanamSromlobiT midgomas da mraval, xSirad dapirispirebuli interesis koordinaciis xelmZRvaneloba iTava da gauwia qalaqma, romelmac �� wels moaxerxa pirvelad kanadaSi Seeqmna arqeologis saStato er-Teuli.

d. midgomakvebekis provinciaSi kulturis departamentisa da kulturuli obieqtebis aqtis strate-

gia gansazRvravs dacvis iseT dones da xasiaTs, rac SeiZleba arqeologiis interesebsac miesadagos. da mainc, konservaciis sferoSi bolo aTwleulis strategiis mizanmimarTulebis gaTvaliswinebiT _ moxdes adgilobrivi da regionaluri mTavrobebisaTvis specifikuri pro-gramebis SemuSavebisa da valdebulebis delegireba _ arqeologiuri wamowyebebis danergva didwilad mWidro kavSirSia qalaqTan. ��7� wlidan moyolebuli mTelma rigma “ententes sur la mise en valeur des biens culturels” provinciasa da qalaqs Soris, SesaZleboba misca kvebeks moesazRvra qalaqis areebi, sadac unda SeezRudaT urbanuli ganviTarebis proeqtebi da gan-eviTarebinaT is monakveTebi, romelTa interpretacia potenciurad RirsSesaniSnavia sazoga-doebisaTvis.

axlandeli SeTanxmebis pirobebis Tanaxmad, kvebeki daTanxmda daecva da gamoevlina arqe-ologiuri mniSvnelobis elementebi municipalur sakuTrebaSi myod farTobebze. Tumca cdac ar yofila, gaekontrolebina kerZo sakuTrebaSi myofi obieqtebic (damatebiTi kanonebiT ker-

- �0� -

Zo pirTa kuTvnili RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis gamofena-dacvis Taobaze). igi mainc koordi-nacias uwevda urbanuli ganviTarebis yvela proeqts, rac SeTanxmebis farglebSi tardeboda. kvebeki afinansebs aseTi proeqtebis Rirebulebis �0%, xolo provincia ki darCenil 70%.

garda amisa, qalaqma miiRo urbanuli ganviTarebis gegma (�� w.) da kulturuli ganvi-Tarebis strategia (�� w.), romlebic asaxavs bolo SeTanxmebiT gansazRvrul mimarTulebas da romelic xels uwyobs kvlevas, konservaciis stimulirebas, ganviTarebas da arqeologiuri obieqtebis interpretacias.

SeTanxmebis Sedegad mopovebuli sakvlevi Tanxebi gadaeca lavalis universitets inten-dantis sasaxlis midamosTvis �� wels wamowyebuli savele saswavlo da sakvlevi proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad, aseve aRmoCenili artefaqsebis laboratoriuli konservaciisaTvis.

pales midamo gansakuTrebiT mdidaria, TviT kvebekisaTvisac ki; misi samas welze meti xnis industriuli da institucionaluri istoria Seicavs xuT ZiriTad etaps, �� wels ludsax-arSis daarsebiT iwyeba, da ��70 wels meore ludsaxarSis dangreviT dasrulda (am SualedSi aq yofila intendantis sasaxle da samefo sawyobebi (��7� - �7�� ww-Si), sxvadasxva tipis nagebo-bebi, maT Soris yazarmebic, sacxovrebeli saxlebic da pursacxobic (�7�0- ��0 ww-Si). qalaqma aq arqeologiuri interpretaciis centric gamarTa da �� wlis seqtemberSi is gaxsna kidec – asawyobi konstruqciiT gadaxuruli ��00 m�.

qalaqi yovelTvis cdilobs sazogadoebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxados arqeologiuri kv-leva, risTvisac xdeba mimdinare gaTxrebis interpretacia. amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tundac diferenis terasaze Sato sen-luis naSTTa warmoCenis cda.

interpretaciis programa, romelic am midamos istoriis sxvadasxva etapebs exeba arqe-ologiur samuSaoebSi mravali gansxvavebuli monawilis wvlilzea gaTvlili. RirsSesanisnavi adgili, romelic Riaa mnaxvelTaTvis weliwadSi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, adgens programebs turistebisa da adgilobrivi skolis mowafeebisaTvis. qalaqis memkvidreobis interpretaciis sxva dawesebulebebsac aqvT Setanili Tavis programebSi arqeologiuri masala. magaliTad, civilizaciis muzeumSi gamofenilia mSeneblobis dros aRmoCenili ialqniani gemi. istoriuli raionis teritoriaze gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis naadgilevebi, rogoricaa Samplenis namo-saxlari (��w.), sagangebo mokirwvliTaa moniSnuli.

mopovebuli informacia sazogadoebas sxva saSualebebiTac miewodeba. “Quebec: La Ville sous la Ville” warmoadgens istoriuli qalaqis arqeologiis saukeTeso popularul gamocemebs, rac odesme gamoqveynebula.

sabavSvo wignis gamocema, romelic asaxavs �7�7 wlis qalaqs, arqeologiurad zust monace-mebs efuZneba. sakoleje kursic, romelic aucilebelad unda gaiaron turistebis gamyolebma, uaxlesi proeqtebiT Seqmnil dawvrilebiT arqeologiur suraTs moicavs.

qalaqis proeqtebSi arqeologiuri kvleva kargadaa integrirebuli memkvidreobis geg-marebis procesis sxva etapebTan; proeqtis menejmentisadmi midgoma TanamSromlobiTi xasi-aTisaa, da yvela monawile yevla mxaris interesebs iTvalsiwnebs da aTanxmebs. kvleviT samuS-aoebs Tan interpretaciac sdevs, mSeneblobac da sazogadoebis mxardaWerac, romelic yoveli axali wamowyebisas ufro farTo xdeba.

gegmareba da kvleva koordinirebulia sakoordinacio komitetis saqmianobiT, sadac Se-dian qalaqis, provinciis kulturis departamentis da lavalis universitetis warmomadgen-lebi. SemoTavazebuli modeli, rac uzrunvelyofs proeqtebis da sxvadasxva valdebulebebis da uflebamosilebis mqone organizaciebis saqmianobis SeTavsebadobas da SeTanxmebulobas, Zalze mniSvnelovania iseT qalaqSi, sadac mTavari istoriuli adgilebis (navsadguri, si-magreebi) funqciis cvlilebebs Cveulebriv RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mflobelebis daqsaqsva moaqvs.

�� wels dadgenili istoriuli raionis teritoriaze (romlis sazRvrebi Seesabameba msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnav adgils) menejmentis mTavari iaraRia kulturuli obieqtebis Seswavla, romelic �� wels dasrulda. igi warmoadgens cnobili da savaraudo RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis Sesaxeb yvela monacemis erTobliobas; kvelevis Sedegebi dawvr-ilebiTaa gadmocemuli popularul gamocemaSi, romelsac Tan axlda gegma masStabiT �: �000. arqeologiuri potencialis kvleva kidev ufro gafarTovda da moicva mTeli rigi integrire-buli kvlevebisa, maT Soris qalaqis yvela saxis obieqtis istoriuli, arqiteqturuli da ar-qeologiuri analizi; gansakuTrebis saintereso midamos ori sanimuSo kvleva dasrulebulia da datovebulia saCvenebeli Txrilebi napovnis naTelsayofad.

qalaqSi arqeologiuri koleqciebis menejmentic TanamSromlobiTi midgomiT xorcield-eba. lavalis universiteti atarebs artefaqsebis laboratoriul konservacias; damuSavebuli koleqciebi qalaqis arqivebSia daculi; daumuSavebeli koleqciebi ki inaxeba kulturis de-

- ��0 -

partamentis arqeologiur sarezervo fondebSi. qalaqma SeimuSava midgoma, rogorc did, ise mcire proeqtebis garkveul kalapotSi mo-

saqcevad. gzis samuSaoebi istoriuli raionis SigniT gegmiurad mowmdeba qalaqis arqeolo-gebis mier, raTa saWiroebisamebr uzrunvelyon dacva, gadarCena an monitoringi. aseve, ar-qeologi yovelive sayuradRebo municipalur mSeneblobasac zedamxedvelobs. kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom warmatebuli saqmianoba am doneze saWiroebs municipaluri gegmarebis da sainJinro departamentis mWidro TanamSromlobas.

SeniSvna:avtori did madlierebas gamoxatavs uiliam mosisadmi, masalis momzadebisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis.

2.4. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis da ansamblis Sefaseba

rodesac kvleviTi samuSaoebi, ragind intensiobisa Tu gamowvlilviTobis, dasruldeba, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis ukeTesi wvdoma saSualebas mogvcems saTanadod SevafasoT misi mniS-vneloba.

rasakvirvelia, mniSvnelovneba sul sxvadasxva rigisa SeiZleba iyos, arqiteqturul gadawyvetaSic da ama YTu im RirsSesaniSnav adgilTan dakavSirebul istoriul asociacebsa anda mis konteqstualur mimarTebaSi. kvlevas da Sefasebas saukeTesod saamisod gawvrTnili adamianebi Caatareben. magram Sefaseba efeqturi rom iyos, Cveulebriv saWiroa adgilobrivi mosaxleobis erTsulovneba mocemuli Rirebulebis mimarT. konservaciis procesSi konsensu-sis miRweva iZleva sazogadoebis mxridan Sedegebis dadebiTi Sefasebis saukeTeso garantias da qmedebis grZelvadian albaTobas.

istoriul qalaqebsa da urbanul ubnebSi calke aRebuli romelime RirsSesaniSnavi ad-gilis mniSvneloba SesaZloa gaizardos, an, piriqiT, Semcirdes jgufTan misi kavSiris ragva-robidan gamomdinare. Tavis mxriv, ansamblis Rirebuleba SeiZleba misi Senobebis sivrcesTan (iqneba es quCa, Tu sxva topografiul erTeulebi) kavSiridan momdinareobdes.

rodesac mniSvnelovneba dadgindeba, saWiroa rom Sefasebisas zustad iyos miTiTebuli is fizikuri elementebi, romelnic am mniSvnelovnebis matarebelia, raTa maT, vinc unda dageg-mos momavali samuSaoebi, zustad icodnen riTi ixelmZRvanelon.

rogorc d. 2. Tavis dasawyisSia miTiTebuli, Senobis Tu RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis kvlevis angariSi warmoadgens adgilobrivi sazogadoebis `memkvidreobiTi resursebis~ an `qonebis~ inventarizaciis fuZis qvas. aseT angariSebze damyarebuli individualuri Sefasebebis Sede-gebis Sejereba avlens mniSvlelovan da nakleb mniSvnelovani nimuSebis urTierTSefardebebs da gvexmareba am urTierTSefardebaTa dacvis meTodebis SemuSavebaSi.

Sefaseba unda ganixilebodes, rogorc droSi zRvardauedebeli procesi. yvela samosax-loSi mudmivad xdeba axali informaciis da aRmoCenebis mopoveba; faseulobis aRqma icvleba, imisda mixedviT, rogorc icvleba manZili Cvensa da warsulis saWiroebebs Soris da pirobe-bic icvlebas Soris. individualuri kvlevisa da Sefasebis Sedegad dadgenili urTierTSe-fardebebi unda warmoadgendes regularuli xelaxali interpretaciis sagans. da rogorc es saerTod xdeba konservaciis dros, sifrTxilis wesic unda gamoviyenoT: Tu Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT arsebobs raime eWvi, ZeglSi Careva unda Semoifarglos im aucilebeliT, rac mis gamagrebas dasWirdeba; xvalindelma sazogadoebam SesaZloa faseuloba dainaxos iq, sadac Cven dRes ver vxedavT.

2.5. menejmentis sistemebis da inventarizaciis dokumentacia

mudmivad Rirebuli aRwerilobebi SeiZleba efuZnebodes SenobaTa detalurad Sesrule-bul individualuri kvlevis proeqtebis Sedegebs. winaswaruli aRweriloba SesaZlebelia manqanidan an fexiT siarulisas Catardes, im kiTxvaris SevsebiT, romelic winaswar iqneba Sedgenili. rodesac angariSis Sedgena dasruldeba, sainformacio baza Segrovdeba, aRmoCe-nis viTareba aRnusxuli iqneba, napovni Sejerebuli da katalogizirebuli, amis Semdeg mniS-vnelovania am informaciis dakompleqteba ise, rom is advilad xelmisawvdomi, gamosayenebeli da gasagebi iyos.

oc welze meti xania, rac kompiuterebi gamoiyeneba zogierT regionebSi monacemTa Seg-rovebasa da menejmentSi daxmarebis gasawevad. erovnulma kompiuterulma sainventarizacio

- �� -

sistemam, romelic SemuSavebuli iyo kanaduri parkebis samsaxuris mier �0 wlis win, sruliad Secvala monacemTa Segrovebis wesi am raionSi. sxvaTagan mravaljer gadmoRebuli, istoriuli Senobebis inventarizaciis kanaduri sistemis Tavdapirveli varianti, axlac warmoadgens Ses-aniSnav models maTTvis, vinc saWiroebs sando, dabali teqnologiebis da dabali biujetis midgomas. igi mraval samarTlebriv dokumentSi gamoiyeneboda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflio memkvidreobis umravlesma qalaqma ver ipova saxsrebi an sa-Sualebebi sistematiurad CaerToT RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis kvleva saerTo sistemaSi, rac daakavSirebda maT sxva monaTesave kvlevebTan da uzrunvelyofda masalis advilad xelmis-awvdomobas. maSin, rodesac bevrs SeuZlia Seinaxos informacia obieqtis Sesaxeb failebSi, codnis baza am failebSi aris SeuTavsebaTi da ZiriTadad eyrdnoba yavlgasul interesebs an imas, rac specifikuri proeqtebisTvis iyo saWirboroto.

qalaqebs, romlebmac daiwyes dokumentaciis menejmentis sistemebis Tanmimdevruli dan-ergva, axla SeuZliaT ara marto ufro efeqtiurad da nayofierad gankargon Tavisi qoneba, aramed maT ZaluZT ufro gasagebi gaxadon maTi ganviTareba Tematuri urTierTmimarTebebis saSualebiT, rac Rrma da seriozuli sakvlevi bazisagan gamomdinareobs. magaliTad, romSi kompiuterizebul monacemTa bazis Seqmnam, romelic erTmaneTTan akavSirebs Senobis gamoyene-bas, mis garegnul formas da mdgomareobas, monacemebis, kadastris da fotogrametrul geg-mebTan erTad, SesaZleblobas aZlevs damgegmavebs mokle droSi gamoikvlion SemoTavazebuli ganviTarebebis yvela aspeqti.


d. 2.5. dokumentaciis menejmentis sistemebi da inventarizacia

romi, italia

informaciis menejmentis sistema

a. winapirobebi


Cveni welTaRricxviT I saukunidan V saukunemde, mas aqeT ki qristianuli samyaros dedaqa-laqi da papis sayofelia. ��70 wels igi gaxda italiis gaerTianebuli samefos dedaqalaqi, xolo ��0 wels msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqad iqna dasaxelebul. romi axlac miCneulia gansakuTrebuli religiuri da politikuri mniSvnelobis qalaqad. cota qalaqs Tu moepoveba aseT SezRudul farTobze am raodenobis mxatvruli qmnileba romlebic uzarmazar gavlenas axdenen msoflios xelovnebasa da arqiteqturaze.


lad, exeboda mxolod avreliusis xanis galavanSi arsebul antikuri xanis mTavar Zeglebs. aq ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli safortifikacio nagebobebi, Sua saukuneebis urbanuli qsovili, an aRorZinebis xanis religiuri da samoqalaqo Senobebi. ufro metic, kedlebs miRma mdebare, magram masTan dakavSirebuli raionebi, iseTi rogorc via apia antika, ponte milvo, konstan-tines periodis didebuli bazilikebi da qalaqi vatikani, aseve ar iyo CarTuli Tavdapirvel nominaciaSi. romis siaSi Setanidan aTi wlis Semdeg sazRvrebi gafarTovda da moicva urban VIII-is XVII saukunis galavani da papis kuTvnili gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis zRudis gareTa obieqtebi.


3. kontaqtebiFrancesco Giovanetti,Uffico specialeper gli interventi sul

- �� -

Centro Storico,Piazzale Victor Hugo,1, 00197 Rome,Tel. 39.6.844.2787844.282.

b. amocanebi

• inventarizaciis ZiriTadi monacemebis sruli integracia kartograful sistemasTan;

• nairgvar mimarTebaTa da ZiebaTaTvis yvela saxis informaciis xelmisawvdomobis gaadvileba;

• alternatiuli ganviTarebis meTodebis samganzomilebiani modelebis Seqmnis saSu-alebis micema;

• konkurentuli amocanebis marTvisadmi koordinirebuli midgomis xelSewyoba.

g. konteqsti��77 wels Commune di Roma-m daaarsa “Ufficio speciale per gli interventi sul Centro Storico,”

rogorc konservaciis sxvadasxva departamentis interesebis koordinaciis da integrirebis sistema. mocemul periodSi am dawesebulebas StatSi hyavs daaxlovebiT �0 muSaki, romlebic dakavebuli arian romis avrelianis kedlebs SigniT mdebare istoriuli Zeglebis movliT, rac warmoadgens qalaqis miwis teritoriis �%, da udris ��00 heqtars.

axali ofisis erT-erTi yvelaze gadaudebeli aucileblobaa Tavi mouyaros sxvadasxva tipis monacemTa bankebs, rac mogvcems amosavals da dagvexmareba qalaqis cxovrebis sxvadasx-va sferoSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. �� wels Catarda seriozuli samuSao monacemTa koliqciis da menejmentisTvis midgomis kompiuterizebuli formis SesamuSaveblad, rac daak-mayofilebda ofisis yvela moTxovnas. am sistemaze muSaoba jerac mimdinareobs, magram axla igi ukve sxvadasxvagvari gamoyenebis saSualebasac iZleva.

d. midgomaam sistemis Seqmnaze muSaobs sami pirisagan Semdgari gundi, visi valdebulebacaa mTe-

li rigi wyaroebidan mopovebuli monacemebis Segroveba da bazaSi Seyvana. rukaze datanili monacemebi miRebulia ori wyarodan: droTa ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli kadastruli kvlevi-dan da midamos fotogrametriidan. sakvirveli ar aris, rom monacemTa es ori wyeba xSirad gansxvavdeba wertilTa da sivrcis gansazRvraSi. aseve, monacemTa tradiciuli gamoyeneba, sxvadasxva specifiuri obieqtebis mdgomareoba da tendencia dakavSirebulia saerTo siste-masTan rukis orientirebiT.

rodesac monacemTa Segroveba konkretul seqtorSi dasruldeba, specialistebi advilad SesZleben daisaxon mikro da makro masStabis damatebiTi miznebi:

• gamoyenebasTan da sxva cvladebTan dakavSirebuli modelebis gamocda;

• sakiTxebi, romlebic exeba calkeul blokebs, Senobebs an RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs, SeiZleba ganxiluli iyos maTi fizikuri da socialuri maxasiaTeblebis Tvalsaz-risiT.

gansakuTrebuli etalonuri Rirebulebis adgilebSi monapovarni SeiZleba amoRebu-li iqnas da gamoqveynebuli wignis formiT. dResdReobiT ofisma gamoaqveyna rukebisa da cxrilebis tomi, sadac miTiTebulia sazogadoebriv mflobelobaSi myofi istoriuli cen-tris (rac Seadgens raionis ��%) obieqtebis mdebareoba, tipi da fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi. ganisazRvra sazogadoebrivi mflobelebis cameti jgufi, sadac Sedian mTavrobis sxvadasxva donis xelisufleba, universiteti, italiis banki da a.S. maTi sakuTrebebi warmodgenilia cxrilis formiT, sadac miTiTebulia misamarTi, kadastris miTiTeba, topologiuri miTiTeba, gamoyeneba, moculobiTi maCveneblebi, midamo, zoma, sxvadasxva SeniSvnebi da �:�000 masStabis midamos topografia. meore msgavsi tomi, romelic mklevarebisaTvis aris gamiznuli, axla mzaddeba gamosacemad.

sxva monakveTisaTvis gamoiyeneba aero-fotografia, romlis saSualebiT Seiqmna sistemaSi CarTuli fotogrametruli monacemebi da midamos maRali xarisxis feradi tabulebi, romelTa xarisxi iZleva maTi gamoqveynebis saSualebas. dagegmil tomSi Seva guldasmiT detalizebuli

- �� -

momentaluri fotoebi, rac asaxavs qalaqis cota xnis winandel da arc Tu kanonier cvlile-bebs da SemdgomSi ramdenime wlisaTvis sarwmuno amosavali vizualuri masala gaxdeba.

sistema Seiqmna imisTvisac, rom gaaerTianos calkeuli fasadebis da mimdebare adgilebis (erTxel ukve aRnusxuli) samganzomilebiani gamosaxulebebi im mizniT, rom SesaZlebeli iyos dadgindes SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebis gavlena arsebul konfiguraciaze. rogorc damateba proeqtirebis am xerxisa da sainformacio monacemTa bazisTvis, daaxlovebiT �0,000 saarqivo dokumenti, istoriuli Senobebis naxazi da gegma iqna aRnusxuli lazerul diskze videoka-meris meSveobiT. monacemTa bazaze Sesdga am grafikuli dokumentebis katalogi, romelic SeiZleba CaitvirTos kompiuterSi.

SeniSvna:am masalis SeswavlaSi daxmareba gagviwies iuka iokoletom, franCesko jiovanetim da “Ufficio speciale per

gli interventi sul Centro Storico”-s warmomadgenelma eujenio baldarim.

3 principebi da standartebi

urbanuli ansamblebis dacvis gaumjobesebisaTvis SemoTavazebuli winadadebebis vargi-sianobis dadgenis kriteriumebi ZiriTadad or rasme emyareba _ TviT am RirsSesaniSnavi adgi-lis Rirebulebebs da yvelasgan miRebul Sexedulebebs imis Taobaze, ra saSualebebia Sesaf-erisi ama Tu im Rirebulebis movla-patronobisaTvis. es ukanaskneli Cveulebriv principebad iwodeba, xolo Tu isini specifikur, mosazRvrul miznebsaa Sefardebuli - standartebad;

zedmeti ar iqneba gadavxedoT am Teoriuli Sexedulebebis erTobliobas, SemuSavebuls istoriul kvartalebTan mimarTebaSi sami kuTxiT:

�. droTa ganmavlobaSi SemuSavebuli da samTavrobo dokumentebSi CarTuli urbanuli konservaciis globaluri principebi;

�. principebi, romelnic Seexeba arsebul RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs, mocemuli saxelmZ-Rvanelo wesebSi cvlilebebis Sesaferisi mimarTulebiT warsamarTavad da gasaZRo-lad;

�. principebi, romelnic Seexeba axal Senobebs, Cveulebriv mocemuli saxelmZRvane-lo wesiT _ maTi daniSnulebaa Zvel ganaSenianebaSi gaCenili sicarieleebis Sevsebis proeqtebis konteqstisadmi TanaxmierebaSi moyvana.

3.2. principebi da qartiebi

urbanuli ansamblebis ganviTarebisa da konservaciis principebis gamoyenebisadmi mzardi interesi detaluradaa aRwerili am saxelmZRvanelos b TavSi.

saerTaSoriso qartiebSi moyvanilia zogadi miTiTebebi, urbanuli Tu sxvagvari RirsSesan-iSnavi mniSvnelovani adgilebis mofrTxilebis uZiriTdes sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. TiToeu-li maTgani sargoa, magram mxolod garkveul farglebSi, rakiRa gansazRvruli droisa da garemoebebis konteqtSia SemuSavebuli.

imisaTvis, rom konservaciis principebi yvela calkeul urbanul garemos miusadagoT, sasargeblo iqneba yvela samoqalaqo iurisdiqciam Seqmnas Tavisi sakuTari qartia _ adgilo-brivi viTarebisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani mkafiod Camoyalibebuli debulebebi, eniTa da kiloTic sakuTar umwvaves gasaWirs morgebuli.

rogorc Cans, arsebobs konservaciis mxolod erTi universaluri, yvela viTarebaSi ga-mosayenebeli principi. konservaciis gadawyvetilebebi gaziarebuli unda iyos erTze meti specialistis mier. am principis aRsruleba umTavresi amosavali unda iyos didi faseulobis istoriuli qalaqebis urbanuli konservaciis programebisaTvis.

- �� -


d. 3.1. principebi da qartiebi


baTis manifesti

a. winapirobebi



da mainc, qalaqis mniSvnelovneba ganpirobebulia XVIII saukuneSi misi xelaxali dabadebiT jon vudis (umcrosi da ufrosi), ralf alenisa da riCard `kopwia~ (“Beau”) neSis TaosnobiT, romleTac Tavisi arqiteqturuli moRvaweobiT surdaT eqciaT baTi mineraluri wylebis mo-dur kurortadac da evropaSi erTerT yvelaze lamaz qalaqadac, sadac arqiteqtura da land-Safti harmoniulad iqneboda Serwymuli da siamovnebas mianiWebda samkurnalod CasulT. maT qalaqs SesZines klasikuri ganlageba. jon vudi ufrosis �7�� wlis dedoflis moedani (Queen Square) da misive �7�� wlis mefeebis moedani (Kings Circus) warmoadgenen paladiuri orderis nimuSs. misi Svilis jon vud umcrosis moedani `samefo naxevarmTvare~ (�7�7-�77�) asaxavs ufro romantiul neo-klasikur stils, romelmac Semdgomi ganviTareba hpova �77� wlis same-jliso darmazebSi da tomas bolduinis �7�� wlis wylis tumboebis darbazSi.



nominacia eyrdnoboda IV kriteriumis punqts arqiteqturuli ansamblis gansakuTrebuli nimuSis Taobaze, sadac asaxulia istoriis mniSvnelovani etapi.

nominaciaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo qalaqis marTvis �� wlis daumtkicebeli gegmis siaSi Setanili ��00 Senobis dacvis aucileblobaze da im mniSvnelovani ansamblebis dacvaze, romlebic ganlagebuli iyo qalaqis centris moSorebiT (mag., praior parki). baTis adgilobrivi gegma miRebuli iyo ��0 wels, rogorc qalaqisaTvis kanonis Zalis mqone dokumenti.

3. kontaqtiMr. Colin Fudge,Director ofEnvironmental Services,Bath City Council,Abbey Chambers, Bath,United Kingdom BAI INT,Tel.: 0225-46111,Fax: 0225-448536.

b. amocanebi

• baTis im gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis naTelyofa, ris safuZvelzec igi iyo nominire-buli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad da gegmarebisas yuradRebis am Tvise-bebis dacvis saSualebebze gamaxvileba.

• baTis konkretuli viTarebis da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis Sesaferisi qartiis (an sax-elmZRvanelo principebis) Camoyalibeba, rac ��0 wlis qalaqis gegmis mimoxilvaSi `manifestadaa~ wodebuli.

- �� -

g. konteqstibaTi warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan istoriul urbanul garemos gaer-

Tianebul samefoSi. amas amtkicebs isic, rom igi aris erTaderTi qalaqi gaerTianebul same-foSi, romelic Setanilia msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom baTi, konservaciis TvalsazrisiT iseve guldasmiT aris Seswavlili, rogorc nebismieri arqiteqturulad mniSvnelovani evropuli qalaqi. wignebi Bath, a Study in Conservation, gamoqveynebuli �� wels; Yesterday’s Tomorrow. Conservation in Bath, gamoqvey-nebul ��7� wels; Saving Bath, gamoqveynebuli ��7� wels _ Seicavs mdidar dokumentacias da vrcel komentarebs qalaqis memkvidreobismieri qonebis, problemebis da maTi SesaZlo gadawyvetis Sesaxeb. da mainc, rogorc aCvenebs ori adgilobrivi mxardamWeri sazogadoebis moqmedebis gaSla da mizanswrafuloba, miuxedavad konservaciis sferoSi momuSave adamianebis qmediTobis didi gamocdilebisa da maRali profesionalizmisa, konservaciis aucilebloba yovelTvis imdenad naTeli ar yofila adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis da arCeuli oficial-uri pirebisaTvis, raTa maT daecvaT baTis Tvisebebi ugulvelyofisa an gadasxvaferebisgan.

am kuTxiT da qalaqis sabWos adgilobrivi gegmis konteqstSi, gegmarebaSi momuSave pirebma isargebles msoflio memkvidreobis siiT SemoTavazebuli SesaZleblobebiT da sazogadoebis yuradRdeba miapyres qalaqis mniSvnelovani Tvisebebis gadaWriTa da mudmivad mofrTxilebis aucileblobas. manifesti mxolod axlaxan gamoqveynda, ase rom, misi zegavlena momavalSi gamoCndeba.

d. midgomamanifesti sakvanZo elementadaa CarTuli bukletSi, romlis saTauria `��0 wlis qalaqis

gegmis mimoxilva.~ mis gamoqveynebas sazogadoebis garkveuli reaqcia unda gamoewvia. Tavidan bukletSi Camoyalibebulia sami ZiriTadi sakiTxi, rac ganxilvas saWiroens:

�. konservaciis strategiis aucilebloba, rac moicavs landSaftebsac, saqmianobasac da ise `naSen qsovilsac~;

�. axleburi ganviTarebisa da transportis mozRvavebis sapasuxo moqmedebis saWiroe-bis zrda;

�. ganviTarebisaTvis Sesaferisi miwebis sazRvrebis dadgenis aucilebloba.

dokumentSi Camoyalibebulia mimoxilvis Svidi ZiriTadi sakiTxi, rac manifestis mizan-mimarTulebidan da zemoaRwerili saWiroebidan gamomdinareobs. es sakiTxebi Seicavs calo-biT vaWrobas, samuSao adgilebs, mnaxvelebs, Tavisufal dros, transports, sabinao mSeneblo-bas da garemo pirobebs.

bukletSi warmodgenilia TiToeuli mimarTulebiT warmoSobili konfliqtebi da kiTx-vebi, xolo ufro detalurad isini warmodgenilia dagegmvis dokumentSi.

manifesti

imisTvis, rom ganisazRvros, Tu ras niSnavs msoflio memkvidreobis statusi qalaq baTisaTvis da qalaqis sabWosTvis, momzadda gancxadeba movaleobaTa da ganzraxulobaTa Taobaze, rac Seadgens qalaqis gegmis mimoxilvis mTavar azrs.

qalaqis sabWo kisrulobs valdebulebebs, rac mas daekisra mas Semdeg, rac qalaqi baTi iunesko-s mier dasaxelebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnav adgilad.

igi ganixilavs am statuss, rogorc uZiriTades amosavals ganviTarebis yvela saxis winadadebaze pasuxis gacemisas da gaagrZelebs qalaqis dacvas da misi mdgomareobis gaum-jobesebas imdenad, ramdenadac ki es aris mis SesaZlebobebSi da resursebSi.

(I) es manifesti warmoadgens qalaqi baTis sabWos movaleobaTa gancxadebas qalaqis kon-servaciis da dacvis Sesaxeb da sabWos mier pasuxismgeblobis aRiarebas, rogorc msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis damcvelisas. vimedovnebT, rom sabWos angariSebSi da publikaciebSi mas xSirad gaixseneben, xangamoSvebiT ki xe-laxla daamtkiceben, raTa baTis moqalaqeebs da maT mier arCeul warmomadgenlebs yovelTvis kargad esmodeT Tavisi movaleobani.

- �� -

(II) msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgili. qalaqi baTi Setanili iyo iunesko-s msoflios RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis siaSi ��7 wlis dekemberSi. es niSnavs, rom mTeli qalaqi aRiarebuli iqna ̀ gansakuTrebuli universaluri Rirebulebis mqoned istoriuli, esTetikuri, eTnologiuri da antropologiuri TvalsazrisiT.~

(III) istoriuli baTi. miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflioSi baTi cnobilia, rogorc geor-gianuli stilis qalaqi, misi Semadgeneli arqeologiuri da arqiteqturuli qsovi-li misi arsebobis sxvadasxva periodebiT TariRdeba. baTi SesaZloa ufro kargadaa cnobili Tavisi georgianuli terasebiT, gadrekili quCebiTa da moednebiT, magram misi Semadgeneli sxva elementebi, rogoricaa romauli abanoebi, quCebis Sua sauku-neebis ganlageba Zveli qalaqis galavansSigniT da viqtorianuli vilebi, aseve mniS-vnelovn wilad ayalibeben mis unikalur urbanul formas. aranakleb mniSvnelovania Ria sivrceebi, zogi balaxis safariT, zogi mokirwyluli, zogi sazogadoebrivi, zogi kerZo mflobelobaSi myofi, Senobebs Sorisa Tu maT ukan. maT iseTi wvlili miuZRviT memkvidreobaSi, rom maTi movla da SenarCuneba aucilebelia.

(IV) baTi dRes. miuxedavad imisa, rom konservaciis aucilebloba yvelasganaa aRiare-buli, baTi ganicdis zrdisa da cvlilebebis mniSvnelovan komerciul zewolas. amis mTavari mizezi warmoadgens gaumjobesebuli sacxovrebeli pirobebis Seqmna, dasaqmeba da qalaqis macxovrebelTaTvis dasvenebis da garTobis adgilebis or-ganizebaa. da imis survilic, rom baTi gaxdes sub-regionalur savaWro centri. zewolis sxva wyaros warmoadgens turistebis raodenobis uwyveti zrda.

(V) qalaqis sabWo aRiarebs, rom baTi ar aris muzeumi da rom moqalaqeebis saWiroebani da miswrafebebi ver iqneba dakmayofilebuli garkveuli cvlilebebis gareSe. miuxeda-vad amisa, sabWo darwmunebulia, rom aucilebelia konservaciis moTxovnebis gaT-valiswineba, da rom igi mudmivad unda cdilobdes win aRudges iseT ganviTarebas, rac safrTxes Seuqmnis qalaqis, rogorc msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesanisnavi adgilis statuss. sabWo Tvlis, rom amis misaRwevad saWiroa miRebuli da daner-gili iyos iseTi strategia, romelic ufro efeqtiurad SezRudvas ganviTarebas, vidre es ZaluZda mwvane sartyels da sakonservacio arealebis strategias war-sulSi.

strategiis Semdgomi debulebebi unda ganixilebodes rogorc saxelmZRvanelo miTiTe-bebi, ganviTarebasTana da cvlilebebTan mimarTebiT:

�. ganviTarebis an menejmentis winadadebebis ganxilvisas, qalaqis sabWo valdebulia gaiTvaliswinos istoriuli qsovilis dacva. ganviTarebis yvela axali winadadeba unda emsaxurebodes baTis qsovilis da landSaftis SenarCunebas da gamokveTas.

�. qalaqis sabWo miiCnevs baTis rogorc mTliani qalaqis msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis statuss, im uZiriTades amosavals gegmarebiTi nebarT-vebisa da Zeglad aRiarebul SenobaTa gamo nebarTvebis gacemisas.

�. razomaTac mas Zala Seswevs marTos cvlilebebi, qalaqis sabWo mimarTavs cvli-lebis yvela moTxovniebas iqiTken, rom SeinarCunos da gaaumjobesos baTis qso-vili da landSafti.

�. sabWo gansazRvravs da monitorings gauwevs qalaqSi SenarCunebasa da adaptacias Soris TanabarTobas, baTis moqalaqeebis saerTo keTildReobisaTvis.

�. sabWo aRiarebs iseT strategias, rac mimarTuli iqneba qalaqis qsovilis da land-Saftis SenarCunebisaken da, amave dros, Seecdeba Seufardos mas socialuri, kul-turuli da ekonomikuri sakiTxebi.

�. manifesti SeiZleba gadaixedos an ganaxldes saWiroebisda mixedviT, rom Seesabam-ebodes cvlilebebis gauTvaliswinebel an moulodnel moTxovnilebas da qalaqis sabWos saTanado movaleobebs daicvas mTeli qalaqis memkvidreoba, rac xangamoS-vebiT xelaxla unda iqnes damtkicebuli.

- ��7 -

manifesti gamoqveynebulia ��0 wlis qalaqis gegmis mimoxilvaSi.dokumenti gansazRvravs Svid gansaxilvel sakiTxs, rac gamodinareobs manifestis mizan-

dasaxulobisa da zemoT aRweril saWiroebebidan. aq Sedis sacalo vaWroba, samuSao adgilebi, mnaxvelebi, Tavisufali dro, transporti, sabinao mSenebloba da garemo pirobebi.

bukletSi warmodgenilia TiToeuli mimarTulebiT warmoSobili konfliqtebi da kiTx-vebi, xolo ufro detalurad isini warmodgenilia dagegmvis dokumentSi.

SeniSvna:gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT baton qristofer faunds, strategiis, konservaciis da landSaftebis

movlis doreqtoris moadgiles, rom man ar daizara da gadaaTvaliera da Seaswora baTis Sesaxeb Tavdapir-veli teqsti.

d. 3.1. principebi da qartiebi

spliti, iugoslavia

konservaciis koncepcia da principebi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoria dRevandeli qalaqi spliti warmoadgens dalmaciis mTavar administraciul, kulturul

da ekonomikur centrs. misi ZiriTadi istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Rirebulebebs warmoad-gens diokletianes droindel romauli sasaxle, romelic TariRdeba Cv.w. �00 wliT, saTav-dacvo nagebobebi, quCebi, moednebi da arqiteqturul elementebi, rac ayalibebda qalaqis struqturas misi arsebobis sxvadasxva xanaSi vidre dRevandel dRemde. romis periodis birT-visa da diokletianes mavzoleumis, taZris, svetnarisa da karibWis garda, _ mravalTagan amaTi xsenebac kmara, _ aq wina-romanuli eklesiebi, romanuli saxlebi, sakaTedro taZari da misi samrekvlo, guTuri sasaxleebi da aRorZinebis xanis da barokos Senobebi.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciaspliti nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad ��7� wels. splitis qalaqis birTvi wlebis ganmavlobaSi diokletianes romauli sasaxlis nafuZarze

Sendeboda, ris Sedegadac unikaluri istoriuli danaSrevi miviReT.

3. kontaqtiDr. Tomislav MarasoviProrector,University of SplitLivanjska 5/158000 Split, YugoslaviaTel.: (058) 49-966Fax: (058) 49-968

b. amocanebi

• splitis istoriis sxvadasxva periodebis amsaxveli arqiteqturuli elementebis er-Tianobis gamokveTa iseTi midgomiT, rac daicavs am istoriis yvela kvals.

• intervenciis iseTi meTodebis SemuSaveba da miReba, rac gaiTvaliswinebs zemox-senebul amocanas.

g. konteqstisplitis SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania gaviazroT am adgilze erTimeores momdevno perio-

debis integraciis xarisic. sasaxlis gauqmebis Semdgom splitis urbanuli ganviTareba am adgilze TiTqmis uwyveti cxovrebiTaa daRdasmuli. rodesac Cv.w. ��-�� wlebSi daingra

- �� -

qalaqi salona, misi macxovreblebi gaixiznen splitSi da Tavi Seafares imperatoris sasaxlis nangrevebs. arqiepiskop ioane ravenelis mier dalmaciis eklesiis aRdgenis Semdeg, sasaxle ga-daiqca episkoposis rezidenciad. splitSi SesaZlebeli gaxda imperatoris sasaxlis narCenebis xelaxali kulturuli gamoyeneba (Crdilo da dasavleT karibWeebis Tavze ganTavsebuli wm. martinis da wm. Tevdores eklesiebi, sakaTedro taZari diokletianes mavzoleumSi da sxv.). bizantiis mmarTvelobis periodSi, iseve rogorc es iyo xorvateli mefeebis dros (X da XI saukuneebi), nangrevebSi sacxovrebeli saxlebi Cadges da sasaxle TandaTanobiT Sua saukunee-bis qalaqad gadaiqca. amave dros, sasaxlis dasavleTiT viTardeboda axali qalaqi, romlis farTobi daaxlovebiT igive iyo, rac sasaxlisa. Sedegad, spliti dResac warmoadgens gver-digverd ganlagebuli ori qalaqgegmarebiTi sistemis iSviaT magaliTs: erTSi gamoikveTeba antikuri gegmareba, xolo meore ufro spontanurad aris organizebuli.

diokletianes sasaxles daaxlovebiT �0,000 kv.m farTob uWiravs da moicavs:

�. Cv.w. III _ IV saukuneebis mijnaze agebuli sasaxlis nangrevebs. igi warmoadgens gvi-anantikuri periodiT daTariRebuli imperatoris rezidenciebidan yvelaze kargad dacul magaliTs. galavani, damculi koSkebiTa da ormagi karibWeebiT, Zalze kar-gadaa SemorCenili. samxreT seqtorSi ganlagebuli imperatoris apartamentebis nan-grevebi _ maTi substruqciebi sakmaod karg mdgomareobaSia _ isini �0 kamarovan oTaxs moicavs. apartamentebis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs peristili _ Ria svetnarSe-movlebuli ezo; diokletianes mavzoleumi, didi zomis rvakuTxa, svetebiT garSe-mortymuli Senoba, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad SemorCenilia; iupiteris taZari da romauli abanoebis nangrevebi. centralur da samxreT nawilebSi Cven vxedavT svete-biT SemosazRvruli Zveli quCebis narCenebs an svetebian galereebs da mravalbiniani saxlebis nangrevebs, sadac msaxurebi da jariskacebi cxovrobdnen.

�. Sua saukuneebis da ufro gviani periodebis Zeglebs da arqiteqturul elementebs, rac TandaTan Sendeboda antikuri sasaxlis teritoriaze, xolo dRes ki Seadgens qalaqis uZveles arqiteqturul organizms. yvelaze mniSvnelovani Zeglebia:

adre Sua saukuneebis Senobebsa da qandakebebs _ IX-XI saukuneebis adre xorvatuli xelovnebis damaxasiaTebeli nimuSebs;

XII-XIII saukuneebis romanuli nagebobebis, kerZod, sakaTedro taZars Tavisi ro-manuli arqiteqturiT da qandakebiT; saxlebsa da sasaxleebs, romelTagan bevri mTlianad, an nawilobrivaa SemorCenili;

• gviani guTur Zeglebs (XV saukunis `almodebuli~ guTuri stilis sasaxleebi da re-ligiuri skulptura);

Sua saukuneebisa da XVII saukuneebis fortifikaciuli nagebobebs;

XVI da XVIII saukuneebSi agebuli renesansis da barokos stilis sasaxleebs.

d. midgomadiokletianes sasaxle ar aris mxolod da mxolod arqeologiuri Zegli. misi gansakuTreb-

uli Rirebuleba mis uwyvet gamoyenebaSic mdgomareobs _ jer imperatoris rezidenciad, mere ki Sua saukuneebis dasaxlebul qalaqad, xolo bolos ki mTavari qalaqis urbanul centrad, romelic ukve TiTqmis �7 saukunea agrZelebs Tavis uwyvet arsebobas.

�� wlis mosaxleobis aRweris mixedviT, sasaxlis monumenturi ansambli Seicavda �� Senobas, ��7 saxls da �,0�� mosaxles, rac metia, vidre ��00 wels. aman warmoSva Warbi mo-saxleobis problema.

restavraciis miRebuli principebis Tanaxmad, Tanabari pativi unda miegos dRemde SemorCe-nil yvela elements, romelnic monumenturi ansamblis sxvadasxva periodis warmomCenia.

Zeglis SenarCunebis saerTaSoriso qartiebis suliskveTebis Tanaxmad, es principebi arc dogmisebria da arc mouqneli. restavraciis programis xasiaTi damokidebulia TiToeul calkeul Zeglze, mis Rirsebebze da im rolze, rasac igi asrulebs urbanul cxovrebaSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, Tanamedrove doqtrinam unda uaryos xisti poziciebi, rasac umoqm-edoba mosdevs, da rac SeuZlebels xdis Zeglis efeqtiur SenarCunebas.

arqiteqturuli ansamblis raobidan gamomdinare, istoriis yvela saxis nakvalevis pativis migebis principi warmoadgens restavraciis sakvanZo kriteriums. am TvalsazrisiT es konkre-tuli SemTxveva samagaliToa.

- �� -

d. 3. 1. qartiebi da principebi

reabilitaciis da konservaciis principebi

kvebeki, kanada

Zveli kvebekis arqiteqturis konservaciis saxelmZRvanelo

a. winapirobebi





2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciakvebeki msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wlisdamlevs iqna wardgenili iko-

mos-is mimoxilvaSi miTiTebuli ori kriteriumis safuZvelze. ikomos-ma moiyvana kriteriumi IV da miuTiTa qalaqis istoriul raionze, rogorc `harmoniul urbanul ansamblze. . . ro-melic Seicavs citadels, bastionis kedlebiT dacul zeda qalaqs, da qveda qalaqs, misi navsadguriT da Zveli ubnebiT. igi warmoadgens gamagrebuli koloniuri qalaqis SesaniSnav nimuSs. . . CrdiloeT amerikaSi yvelaze srulad SerCenils.~ VI kriteriumi aseve miesadageba kvebeks, radgan `axali safrangeTis yofili dedaqalaqia. . . romelic asaxavs mosaxleobis da amerikis zrdis mTavar etapebs axal da Tanamedrove periodSi.~

3. kontaqtiMr. Serge Viau,Ville de Québec,2, rue des Jardins,Case postale 700,Québec, (Québec),Canada GIR 4S9Tel.: (418) 691-6866Fax: (418) 691-2346.

b. amocanebi

• principebis debulebis specialurad kvebekisaTvis SemuSaveba istoriul Senobebsa da ansamblebSi Sesaferisi intervenciis Catarebis mizniT;

• Sesaferisi proeqtirebis warmmarTveli kriteriumebis gamoqveyneba mkafio da gas-agebi formiT, sadac uzogadesi principebi swored am garemoSi gamoyenebas iqneba misadagebuli.

g. konteqstiqalaq kvebekma aRiara, rom SenobaTa fondis mimdinare cvlilebebis samarTavi saSuale-

bebis SemuSavebisas Rirebulia konservaciis principebis arsebuli saerTaSoriso debulebebis moSvelieba. amave dros, man aRiara am principebis gamoyenebis da maTi morgebis aucilebloba im specifikur damaxasiaTebel niSnebTan da TvisebebTan, rac kvebekis ragvarobas gansaz-

- ��0 -

Rvravs. Sedegad miviReT samuSao dokumenti, Guide pour la conservation et la mise en valeur de l’architecture du Vieux Québec, romelic gamoqveynda �� wels da mas Semdeg gamoiyeneba imaT dasaxmareblad, visac Tavisi sakuTrebis ganaxleba da gaumjobeseba surs. Tavdapirvelad qa-laqis konservaciis gegmis Sedgenisas damxmare saSualebad Cafiqrebuli, es saxelmZRvanelo cota xnis win gadaixeda da momzadda xelaxali gamocemisaTvis.

d. midgomadokumenti isea Sedgenili, rom SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels Tavisi sakuTari intere-

sebis da problemebis gaanalizebisas mivides zogadidan konkretulamde. amave dros, praq-tikuli miznis mqone pirT SeuZliaT SearCion maTTvis saintereso konkretuli teqnikuri sakiTxi, rogoricaa interieri an feri da swrafad gamoarkvion, zogad principebSi nagulisx-mevi Tu ra miesadageba maT SemTxvevas.

saxelmZRvanelos yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia misi Sesavali, sadac warmodgenilia ans-amblebis konservaciis ZiriTadi principebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi. igi iZleva erTiansa da farTo sistemas, intervenciis kriteriumebis dadgenisaTvis. maTi teqsti aqvea warmodgenili.

zogadi mosazrebebi ansamblebis konservaciis Taobaze

�. ansambli warmoadgens nagebobaTa jgufs, romelic gamoiyeneba, an romelTa gamoy-eneba SesaZlebelia. misi istoriul, kulturul an esTetikur mniSvnelobas did-wilad misi Semadgeneli nawilebis jami warmoqmnis da ara romelime calkeuli nawili. aucilebelia arsebobdes aseTi Zeglebis da gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelo-bis adgilebis erTgvarad mopyroba.

�. es ansamblebi, iseve rogorc msoflio memkvidreobis sxva cnobili qalaqebi da ufro moridebuli tradiciuli jgufebi, utyuari mowmobania adamianis niWisa mowyobis moawesrigos sazogadoeba. maTi gasaocari mravalferovneba Seadgens mTeli kacobriobis saganZurs, rogorc moraluri, aseve istoriuli, kulturu-li, ekonomikuri da socialuri TvalsazrisiT.

�. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi konservacia unda Seadgendes kulturuli, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis Tanmimdevruli politikis nawils da dagegmvis erTerT fuZemdebel mizans.

�� wels istoriuli Zeglebis kanonis Tanaxmad istoriul raionad gamocxadebu-li, Zveli kvebeki Cveni memkvidreobis yvelaze mniSvnelovan ansamblTagania: misi ula-mazesi topografia, misi arqiteqturis mravalferovneba da istoriuli gamomsaxvelobis simrTele mas CrdiloeT amerikaSi erT-erT yvelaze saintereso Zvel qalaqad aqcevs.

ansamblebis konservaciis ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo principebi

�. konservaciaansamblis konservacia moiTxovs Tavis safuZvelSi sapirispiro amocanebis gadaWras:

erTi mxriv, masSi cxovrebis konservacias, an aRorZineba, xolo meore mxriv, ansamblis ZiriTadi xasiaTis da misi Semadgeneli nawilebis simrTelis ukidures mofrTxilebas. konservaciis gegma, romelic gansazRvravs ansamblis ZiriTad xasiaTs, konservaciis strategiis aucilebeli Tanmdevia.

�. organizaciis ierarqiakonservaciis gegma saSualebas iZleva gamovarCioT ansamblis is elementebi, romelT-

ac Tavisi arqeologiuri, istoriuli, an arqiteqturuli mniSvnelovnebis gamousaTuod unda movufrTxildeT, da oseTebic romlebmac samuSaoebis Catarebis dros, mTlianobis gasrulebisas, SeiZleba ganicados garkveuli saxecvlileba. aseT samuSaoebs, ra Tqma unda, win unda uswrebdes mravaldargobrivi kvlevis Sedegad Sedgenili aRweriloba.

- �� -

�. adaptacia, moqnilobarodesac dadgindeba ansamblis is elementebi, romlebic mofrTxilebas da konser-

vacias moiTxovs, konservaciis gegmiTve unda daisaxos , ra RonisZiebebiT, Tu rogor unda SenarCundes Tu Semotanil iqnes sicicxle da uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganviTareba. ansamblebis integrirebuli konservacia sxva ramea, vidre calkeuli Zeglisa, sadac win aRudgebian xolme cvlilebebsa da adaptacias. ideali konservaciisadmi umkacres midgo-mas moiTxovs. integrirebuli konservacia aRwevs maqsimums, magram amave dros aRiarebs, rom SeiZleba Seiqmnas iseTi pirobebi, rodesac xarjebi dausabuTeblad gaizrdeba, an moufiqreblad iqneba gamoyenebuli.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ansamblis konservaciis gegmaSi mkacrad aris Camoyalibebuli muSaobis mimarTuleba da sazRvrebi, igi qmedebisas sakmaod moqnilic unda iyos, raTa gaiTvaliswinos cxovrebis bunebrivi cvlilebebi, xolo TviTon mas periodulad unda gadaxedon xolme. meore mxriv, igi, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, ar unda uSvebdes Seuqcev-ad intervencias.

�. Sevsebacocxal istoriul ansamblSi TanxmobaSi unda iyos uwyvetobis SenarCuneba da cvli-

lebebis Semotana. axali nagebobebi, romelTa aSeneba drodadro saWiro xdeba, warmoad-gens Tanamedroveobis yvelaze adekvatur gamoxatulebas. amave dros, axal proeqtebSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos urbanuli struqtura da formebi. maTi mxatvruli saxe har-moniulad unda Seesabamebodes arsebul naSen garemos, kerZod, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos arsebuli arqiteqturuli formebi, masStabebi da masala. aucilebelia arqeolo-giuri gaTxrebis warmoeba axali mSeneblobis dawyebamde, raTa aRmovaCinoT adrindeli nagebobis narCenebi, xolo Tu saWiroa movaxdinoT maTi konservacia “in situ.”

3.2. proeqtirebisa da konservaciis ZiriTadi principebi

bevrma istoriulma ubanma SeimuSava proeqtireba/konservaciis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi principebi, romelTac praqtikuli rCeva unda mogvawodon savaraudo cvlilebebis ganxilvis dros. es principebi emsaxureba urbanuli konservaciis zogadi principebis ̀ mibmas~ RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilis konkretul damaxasiaTebel niSnebze, Tan Cveulebriv, advilad gasageb enaze.

ZiriTadi principebi mravali formiT aris gamocemuli. zogi gadatvirTulia sailustra-cio masaliT, zogSi marto teqstia. zogi instruqciebs iZleva da dawvrilebiT gansazRvravs sasurvel Sedegebs; sxvebi `interpretaciismagvaria~ da im farglebs moniSnavs, romlebSic SeiZleba moiZebnos misaRebi gadawyveta.

raoden didic unda iyos meTodebis, formatisa da wardgenis saxeobaTa arCevani, maTgan umTavresi, imgvari ZiriTadi principebis SesamuSaveblad da gamosayeneblad, romelnic samo-saxloSi warmatebas moipovebs, Semdegia:

• im TvisebaTa naTlad Cveneba, romlebic unda davicvaT ZiriTadi principebis meSveo-biT;

• terminologiis SemuSaveba, romelic Sesatyvisad aRwers am Tvisebebs;

• kerZo pirebis sxvadasxva jgufebis CarTva, romlebic warmoadgenen sxvadasxva pro-fesionalur da sazogadoebriv interesebs maTi ganviTarebisa da marTvisas;

• gamocdilebis kvalad maTi mudmivi gadaxedvisa da gadasxvaferebis SesaZleblobis imTaviTve gaTvaliswineba.

- �� -


d. 3.2. proeqtirebis da konservaciis ZiriTadi principebi

lamu, kenia

saxlebis SekeTebis xelmisawvdomi ZiriTadi principebis SemuSaveba

a. winapirobebi

1. istoria lamu daarsebulia XIV saukuneSi arabi vaWrebis mier kunZulze, romelic Tanamedrove ke-

niis Crdilo sanapiros maxloblad mdebareobs. XV saukuneSi lamu warmatebuli qalaqi-saxelm-wifo iyo, erT-erTi ramodenime aTeulidan, romlebic daarsda suahilis sanapiroze, somalidan mozambikamde. am regionsa da mis savaWro gzebze portugaliis gabatonebam, romelic �00 welze met xans gagrZelda, Seasusta lamus ekonomikuri mniSvneloba, magram TiTqmis ar mouxdenia kulturuli zegavlena qalaqze. �� wlis Semdgom, omanis mfarvelobis qveS, zRvispireTSi komerciulma saqmianoba kvlavindeburad mniSvnelovani gaxda, xolo lamu ekonomikurad moRo-nierda. Tanamedrove lamus umetesi nawili misi istoriis eqspansiur periodSia agebuli.

XIX saukunis bolomde lamu saSualo SeZlebis iyo, am dros ki monebiT vaWrobis akrZalvam bolo mouRo mis sasoflo ekonomikas. mas mere, rac XX s-is damdegs xelisufleba mambasaSi dabinavda, lamu mis CrdilSi moeqca da sul ufro naklebad TvalsaCino xdeboda

qalaqis izolirebam da misma cudma misadgomebma amave dros ganapiroba misi dacva arasa-surveli ganviTarebisagan. amasTan, radgan arsebobs saxmeleTo gzebis, navsadguris Senobis da aeroportis gaumjobesebis gegmebi, aseTi viTareba, rogorc Cans, Seicvleba. savaraudod, cvlilebebi mniSvnelovan zegavlenas iqoniebs cxovrebisa tradiciul wesze, rac masobrivi turizmiT iqneba gamowveuli.

2. msofloi memkvidreobis nominacialamu ar yofila nominirebuli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad; arc kenias mouwe-

ria xeli msoflio memkvidreobis konvenciaze.

3. kontaqtiMr. Omar Bwana,Deputy Director,National Museums ofKenya,P.O. Box 40658,Nairobi, Kenya.Tel.: 742131/4 742161;Telex: 22892Fax: 741424

b. amocanebi

• SekeTebis rigi ZiriTadi principebis SemuSaveba, sadac aRwerili iqneba saxlebis SekeTebis, movlisa da modernizaciis martivi xerxebi;

• SekeTebis ZiriTadi principebis CarTva konservaciis mTlian gegmaSi.

g. konteqstiZveli qalaqis simrTelisaTvis yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgens cvlilebebis daCqa-

reba. uTavbolo modernizacias, romelic simyudrovis Tu binaTmowyobis sasurveli stand-artebis miaxloebas emsaxureba, SeuZlia swrafad gaanadguros gamoyenebis tradiciuli wesi da, amave dros, arc gansakuTrebuli komfortuli an xelsayreli pirobebi iqnes miRweuli. Tanamedrove samSeneblo masalebi, romelTac yiduloben, radgan isini iafi da iolad saSo-vnelia, auaresebs istoriuli Senobebis garegnul simrTeles da, garda amisa, tradiciuli unar-Cvevebis dakargvis mizezi xdeba.

- �� -

lamus konservaciis gegmis SemuSavebisas mniSvnelovnad CaiTvala mkafio ZiriTadi prin-cipebis Camoyalibeba, romelnic xels Seuwyobs iseT martiv SekeTebas Tu pirobebis gaumjobe-sebas, rac ar azaralebs arsebul masalebsa da keTebis tradiciul saSualebebs.

d. midgomaZiriTadi principebi warmodgenilia konservaciis mTliani gegmis konteqstSi, da ara ro-

gorc misi damateba. aseve, aq yuradReba mniSvnelovan Senobebze an elementebze Tu maTTvis saWiro movlaze ki araa gamaxvilebuli, aramed iwyeba Cveulebrivi SekeTebis samuSaoebiT, rac Sedis mflobelis SesaZlebobebSi da sakmaod `mdabiurad~ uTiTebs, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba da risi kidev _ ara.

`ZiriTadi primcipebi~ momxmareblisTvis advilad gamosayenebeli formiTaa Sedgenili. macxovrebelTa TvalsazrisiT dawerili, igi moicavs mkafio, TvalsaCino vizualur miTiTe-bebs teqnikur sakiTxebsa da mSeneblobis tradiciul meTodebze. maTSi windawin gaTvlili da aRiarebulia macxovrebelebis an mflobelebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebi da SemoTavazebulia adgilobrivi masalebis da gamocdilebis gamoyenebis gzebi; amis garda, moxmobilia tradici-uli samSeneblo elementebi im zomiT ramdenadac isini kvlavac SeiZleba praqtikulad waadges cxovreba-gamoyenebas.

albaT, unda aRiniSnos, rom afrika cvlilebebis procesSia da amas kidev dasWirdeba garkveuli dro. aseT periodSi ZiriTad principebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan maTSi swored ganviTarebis swori mimarTulebaa mocemulia

SeniSvna:masala momzadda iuka iukiletos, ICCROM, jo kingis, ARC-91, ICCROM-Si, mombasas mSvidobis korpusisa

da lamus dagegmarebis TanamSromelTa daxmarebiT; Conservation of an East African Seaport, by Francesco Pulver, Ann Pulver, (gamocemulia nairobis erovnuli muzuemis meir, 1986).

d. 3.2. proeqtirebis da konservaciis ZiriTadi principebi

romi, italia

“Manuale Del Recupero” (reabilitaciis saxelmZRvanelo)

a. winapirobebi


Cveni welTaRricxviT I saukunidan V saukunemde, mas aqeT ki qristianuli samyaros dedaqa-laqi da papis sayofelia. ��70 wels igi gaxda italiis gaerTianebuli samefos dedaqalaqi, xolo ��0 wels msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqad iqna dasaxelebul. romi axlac miCneulia gansakuTrebuli religiuri da politikuri mniSvnelobis qalaqad. cota qalaqs Tu moepoveba aseT SezRudul farTobze am raodenobis mxatvruli qmnileba, romlebic uzarmazar gavlenas axdenen msoflios xelovnebasa da arqiteqturaze.


lad, exeboda mxolod avreliusis xanis galavanSi arsebul antikuri xanis mTavar Zeglebs. aq ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli safortifikacio nagebobebi, Sua saukuneebis urbanuli qsovili, an aRorZinebis xanis religiuri da samoqalaqo Senobebi. ufro metic, kedlebs miRma mdebare, magram masTan dakavSirebuli raionebi, iseTi rogorc via apia antika, ponte milvo, konstan-tines periodis didebuli bazilikebi da qalaqi vatikani, aseve ar iyo CarTuli Tavdapirvel nominaciaSi. romis siaSi Setanidan aTi wlis Semdeg sazRvrebi gafarTovda da moicva urban VIII-is XVII saukunis galavani da papis kuTvnili gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis, zRudis gareT mdebare obieqtebi.


- �� -

3. kontaqtebiFrancesco Giovanetti,Uffico specialeper gli interventi sulCentro Storico,Piazzale Victor Hugo,1, 00197 Rome,Tel. 39.6.844.2787844.282.

b. amocanebi

• SenobaTa arsebuli istoriuli fondis gaazrebis sistemuri safuZvlis Seqmna;

• istoriuli nagebobis elementebis Sefasebis orientiris dadgena;

• samuSaoebis Casatarebel adgilebze kontraqtorebis da movaWreebis masaliT uzrun-velyofa;

• sazogadoebisaTvis saintereso da saxaliso didaqtikuri masalis uzrunvelyofa.

g. konteqstiqalaq roms �� wlidan aqvs istoriuli, galavniT garSemortymuli qalaqis konserva-

ciis gengegma. miuxedavad amisa, arsebobda mTeli rigi siZneleebi gengegmaSi Camoyalibebuli principebis danergvisas, ris gamoc ��77 wels Seiqmna axali ofisi, “L’Ufficio speciale per dli inter-venti sul Centro Srorico,” romelsac daevala istoriuli qalaqis teritoriaze warmoebuli yvela saxis samuSaoebis koordinacia.

�� wlamde daaxlovebiT sami aTasi nageboba aSenda kadastris rukaze gansazRvrul Svidi aTas miwis nakveTze, qalaqis Zveli galavnis SigniT. am memkvidreobis didi nawili TiTqmis ucvlelad SemorCa, Tumca zog maTgans daaSenes zedmeti sarTulebi, xolo zog Sida ezoSi aSenda axali nagebobebi. da mainc, ��0-iani wlebidan moyolebuli es Senobebi ganicdis ukon-trolo cvlilebebs da modernizacias, magram, unda aRiniSnos, rom es ar Sexebia saxelmwifo mfarvelobis qveS myof `siaSi Sesul Senobebs~ (“monumental storici”).

imisTvis, rom ufro gasagebi yofiliyo mSeneblobis tradiciuli teqnologia da Seqm-niliyo konservaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis safuZveli, ofisma, �� wels romis uni-versitetis arqiteqturis fakultetTan TanamSromlobiT Seqmna kvlevis proeqti. am pro-eqtis mizani iyo reabilitaciis saxelmZRvanelos (“Manuale del recupero”) gamocema. Manuale del recupero del Commune di Roma, Roma, Edizioni DEI, 1989, 172 gverdi.

d. midgomareabilitaciis saxelmZRvanelos safuZvlad daedo �) Zveli traqtatebis da samSeneblo

saxelmZRvaneloebis Seswavla; �) istoriuli nagebobebis elementebis (iseTi, rogorc aguri, betonis TaRebi) sistemuri kvleva, azomva da aRricxva; �) am ori gziT mopovebulis Sedareba.

XVIII da XIX saukuneebis arqiteqturis da inJineriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, maTi vrceli sai-lustracio masala da anazomebi (mag. jirolamo masi, �7��w., nikolo kavalieri san bertolo, ��-�7ww., juzepe valadieri, ��-��ww.) kvlevis farTo asparezs gvTavazobs. am saxelmZR-vaneloebs emateba xelnawerebi da xelosnobis masalebis (qvis wyoba, xis masala, stuko, sxv.) sxvadasxva saxis siebi, iseve rogorc savaWro tarifebi da Sesabamisi fasebi; informacia aseve moipoveba adgilebze Catarebuli samuSaoebis angariSebSic da samSeneblo firmebis da maTi muSaobis xelSekreulebebSic.

saxelmZRvanelos meore safuZvels Seadgenda municipalitetis mflobelobaSi myofi ro-mis nagebobebis farTo speqtris naturidan gakeTebuli naxazebi. Sesaswavlad SeirCa XIX sau-kuneSi odnav saxeSecvlili ZvelisZveli Senobebi. monacemebis mopovebas sasikeTod gamoadga agreTve, rom zogierT SenobaSi restavraciis an reabilitaciis samuSaoebi tardeboda.

anazomebze aisaxa Semdegi elementebi: konstruqciuli elementebi, rogoricaa aguris TaRebi, xis koWebze dayrdnobili sarTulebs Soris gadaxurvis sxvadasxva konstruqciebi, iatakis dagebis teqnologiebi da naySebi, kibeebi da gamarTuloba, rogoricaa karebi, fan-jrebi, rkinis detalebiTurT. ZiriTadi naxazebi Sesrulebuli iyo masStabiT �:��, xolo masSi Semavali zogadi mimarTebebis maCvenebeli naxazebi �:�0, detalebi ki �:�.

- �� -

SeniSvna:masalis momzadebaSi daxmareba gagviwia iuka iukiletom da franCesko jiovanetim.

3.3. axali mSeneblobis ZiriTadi principebi

istoriul ansamblebSi proeqtirebis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli problema, Tavi-sufal adgilebze axali Senobebis agebaSi mdgomareobs. saerTaSoriso qartiebi da principebi emxroba `patiosnebas~ _zogadad, upiratesobis miniWeba Tanamedrove midgomas da ara imit-aciur rekonstruqcias. amave dros, am saxis proeqtebis amocanebi erTi urTulesTagania, rac Tanamedrove arqiteqtors SeiZleba Sexvdes: zedmetad avangarduli, stilis an kompoziciis TvalsazrisiT, zedmetad axali, masalis an ganlagebis TvalsazrisiT, disonans gaaCens da ma-Sinve gaismeba kritikis mkacri toni. xolo momijnave nagebobebisadmi Sewyobis Cveulebrivi receptis zedmeti midevnebis, maTi teqsturis, formis, proporciebis, masalis da masStabis brmad gameorebis Sedegad miviRebT aradamajerebel, organzomilebian imitacias.

arqiteqtorebs, damproeqteblebs da damgegmavebs, romlebic awydebian daproeqtebis am rTul amocanas, SeuZliaT Semdeg muxlebs mimarTon, romelic daexmareba maT `Sevsebis~ prob-lemebis SefasebaSi:

• momijnave tradiciuli formebis aluziebi ar aris aucilebeli eqosaviT imeorebdes ukve arsebuls; mizani mdgomareobs adgilis Tu quCis suliskveTebis miyolasa, da ara faqtiuri formebis gameorebaSi;

• Tanamedrove gadawyvetisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba ar moiTxovs arqiteqtorebi-sagan tradiciuli masalis Canacvlebas plastmasiT an anodirebuli liToniT; igi ubralod gvTavazobs axal midgomas Riobebis fasadze ganlagebaSi, agebasa da forme-biT manipulirebaSi; ufro metic, TiTqmis yvela saxis tradiciuli masala axlac gamoiyeneba da, aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba miCneuli iyos Tanamedrove masalad.

• imitaciuri midgomac SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu momijnave garemo metisme-tad erTgvarovania; nebismieri sxva midgoma SeiZleba gaumarTleblad TvalSisacemi iyos;

• Zveli-axlis garCevis sakonservacio principebi advilad misaRwevia martivi gzebiT da amisaTvis ar aris saWiro SevbRaloT an xelvyoT mTelis esTetikuri harmoni-uloba, raTa `axali~ Zlier TvalSisacemi iyos.

konkretuli SemTxvevbis analizi

d. 3.3. axali mSeneblobebis ZiriTadi principebi

valeta, malta

qalaqis karibWis proeqti

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriadRevandelma maltam, XVI saukunis zRudiT wriulad garSemovlebulma Semoinaxa is fizi-

kuri qsovili, rac XVIII s-is bolosaTvis hqonia. �� wlis didi alyis Semdgom, qalaqi axlad aSenda italieli inJinris franCesko laparelis gegmis safuZvelze, romelic ganaxorciele-buli iyo jirolamo kasaris mier. saTavdacvo nagebobebi da erTiani gegma STagonebuli iyo italiuri aRorZinebiT. am harmoniul ganlagebaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis wm. ioanes raindebis nagebobebs; maT ricxvSi yvelaze aRsaniSnavia wm. ioanes sakaTedro taZari, didi magistris sasaxle, Auberge de Castile et Léon, Auberge de Provence da lazareTi _ yvela XVI saukunisaa.

- �� -

kompleqss amdidrebs XVII da XVIII saukuneebSi damatebuli Senobebic. maT ricxvSi Sedis Auberge de Bavière, wm. pavles gemis daRupvis eklesia, biblioTeka da manselis Teatri. XIX da XX saukuneebis inglisuri nagebobebi Cinebulad Seerwya arsebul urbanul garemos.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciavaleta nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad ��0 wels I da VI krite-

riumebis safuZvelze, rogorc renesansis gegmarebiTi idealebis gansaxiereba da misi mWidro orsaukunenaxevriani kavSiris gamo ierusalimeli wm. ioanes samxedro da saqvelmoqmedo or-denTan, erTerT yvelaze Zlier samxedro da moralur ZalasTan evropis istoriaSi.

3. kontaqtiProf. Salvino Busuttil,ChairmanValletta RehabilitationCommittee138 Melita StreetValletta, MaltaTel.: 23-57-95Fax: 23-05-51

b. amocanebi

• Sesasvlelis aRdgena, romelic xazs usvavs safortifikacio nagebobebis didebule-bas da gamokveTs mis TavdacviT xasiaTs;

• didi Txrilis mowesrigeba, raTa igi ufro bunebrivad gamoiyurebodes;

• valetis stumrebisaTvis safortifikacio nagebobaSi Sesvlis utyuari SegrZnebis Seqmna.

g. konteqstiSesasvleli karibWe oTxjer iyo xelaxla agebuli. dRevandel karibWesTan midis samanqano

gza, qalaqis aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi nawilebis dasakavSireblad erTmaneTTan. Tavdapirve-lad karibWes emateboda Txrilis Tavze ganTavsebuli asawevi xidi.

axlandel karibWes aRar gaaCnia Tavdapirveli TavdacviTi maxasiaTeblebi. ufro metic, dRevandeli, Txrilze gardigardmo mdgomi karibWis sigane, sruliad ganaqarvebs TavdacviT STabeWdilebas. karibWesTan manqanebis iolad misvla kidev ufro amwvavebs am problemas.

Sesasvlelis aRdgenis mizniT, maltis mTavrobam SeukveTa msoflioSi saxelganTqmul ar-qiteqtors, renco pianos misi gegmebis Sedgena. gegmebi, sakmaod gansacvifrebeli, xangrZlivi kamaTis da uTanxmoebis sagani gaxda, Tumca arqiteqtoris mosazrebebi savsebiT Seesabameba mis amocanebs. es proeqti TanaxmierebaSia saerTaSoriso qartiebSi gacxadebul uwyvetobis principTan da warmoadgens istoriul garemoSi Tanamedrove arqiteqturis integraciis mSve-nier magaliTs, sadac es ori sistema avsebs da ar ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs.

d. midgomarenco pianos proeqtSi Sedis:

• dRevandeli karibWisa da Txrilis Tavze gadayvanili xidis dangreva;

• Txrilis qveS manqanebis orsarTuliani sadgomis aSeneba, romelic daitevs �00 manqa-nas, xolo zedapirze sazogadoebrivi baRis gaSeneba;

• qvis ori moculobis aSeneba, romelic nawilobriv dafaravs safortifikacio gala-vnis kldovan zedapirs, raTa simbolurad aRdges mTlianobis STabeWdileba. mcire Riobebi SesaZleblobas miscems fexiT mosiaruleebs Sevidnen galavnis SigniT Txri-lis da savali gzis mxridan;

• foladis viwro, fexiTsavali xidis dayeneba, rogorc Zveli asawevi xidis simbo-losi.

is, rom es fexiT sasiarulo xidi ase viwroa, ase msubuqia, rac misi foladis konstruq-ciiT aris ganpirobebuli, is, rom igi safortifikacio galavanze TiTqos Zlivs aris mimagre-

- ��7 -

buli, qmnis STabeWlilebas, rom Cven marTlac cixis xidze gadavdivarT da imis SiSic giCnde-baT, rom gadasvlisas igi aiweva.

qvis moculobaTa zedapiris damuSaveba aseve xazs usvavs Zveli saTavdacvo nagebobebis ubraloebas, xolo Sesasvleli Riobebis siviwrove simZlavris STabeWdilebas ubrunebs maT.

es Tamami Tanamedrove gegma, Tavisi sruli ubraloebiT momxibvleli, arc istorizmis romelime formas uTmobs rasme, arc warsuls epotineba da masSi simbolurobis udidesi Za-laa miRweuli. igi odnavac ar akninebs istoriuli garemos Tvisebebs; piriqiT, xazs usvams mis Rirebulebasa da ragvarobas.

es gegma srul TanxmobaSia saerTaSoriso qartiebSi asaxul tendenciebTan.

4. stimulireba

sakonservacio saqmianobis stimulirebas da waxalisebas SeiZleba sxvadasxva forma hqondes. yvelaze aSkara, ra Tqma unda, materialuria, Tumca arsebobs am saqmianobis xelSew-yobis sxva saSualebebic, mag. jildoebi an wvrTna, romlebic SeiZleba aseve efeqtiuri iyos. aseTi stimulirebis mizania Seuqmnas konservacias momgebiani pozicia, raTa ubiZgos am saqmi-anobisaken maT, vinc amjobineben an umoqmedobas, an interesebis sxva mimarTulebas.

stimulirebis moSvelieba arsebiTad arsebul socialur-ekonomikur da politikur siste-masTan daWidebaa, raTa Seiqmnas konservaciisaTvis xelsayreli axleburi wonasworoba. didi Tu patara qalaqisaTvis xelmisawvdomi sxvadasxva saxis stimulebi qalaqis ufro did teri-toriebze moqmedebs. aseT SemTxvevebSi qalaqis mTavrobas ZaluZs, sxvebTan TanamSromlobiT, maTi interesebisaTvis xelsayreli cvlilebebis xelSewyoba.

4.1. materialuri stimulireba

wamaxalisebeli saSualebebi, rasac saxelmwifo an regionaluri mTavroba SearCevs, damokidebulia Sesabamisi ekonomikis sijansaResa da memkvidreobisagan miRebuli saerTo sa-sikeTo Sedegis gaazrebaze. stimulirebas SeiZleba orgvari forma hqondes _ pirdapiri grant-ebi an gadasaxadebis Semsubuqeba. vinc mTavrobas stimulirebis danergvas urCevs, siZneleebs stimulirebis am orive formis SemTxvevaSi awydeba. erTi mxriv, isini ibrZvian upiratesi adgilisaTvis arsebul biujetSi, interesTa sxva konkurirebad jgufebs Soris, xolo, meore mxriv, erkinebian mTavrobis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic mudam ewinaaRmdegebian dabegvris SeRavaTiani formis SemoRebas nebismieri saqmianobis mimarT.

aseTi programebis momxre saukeTeso teqnikur argumentebs warmoadgens ganmarteba imisa, rom rasac saxelmwifo dakargavs zedmeti xarjebis gaRebiT, mas sxva gziT daubrundeba, mag-aliTad, damatebiTi samuSaoebidan da masalebis dabegvridan, rasac gadaixdis is, vinc sare-abilitacio saqmianobiTaa dakavebuli.

am sakiTxis mxardamWer sxva teqnikur arguments warmoadgens didi raodenobis samuSao adgilebi, rac warmoiSveba sareabilitacio saqmianobis warmoebisas (samrewvelo subsidiebis sxva formebTan SedarebiT), arsebuli samSeneblo masalebis da xelsawyoebis maragis sru-li utilizacia (anu, warsuli investiciebis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba) da reabilitaciis pro-eqtebTan dakavSirebuli kerZo seqtoris piradi danaxarjebis maRali donis faqtori.

garkveul viTarebebSi Tanxebi adgilobrivi xelisuflebisgan SeiZleba gadaedinos sa-Tanado Rirsebis obieqtebsa da maTi mflobelebis xelSi. umetes kanonmdebolobebSi ufro Sedegiania adgilobrivi mTavrobis damokidebuleba qonebaze gadasaxadebis mimarT, saidanac Cveulebriv warmodgeba municipalitetis momqmedi fondebi. sagadasaxado ganakveTebma, rom-lebic emyareba ufro potenciur gamoyenebas da ara sabazro fass, da keTilmowyobis samuS-aoebis gadasaxadebma, Tu isini ufro maRalia, vidre am samuSaoebis Rirebuleba dolarebSi, SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos modernizacias.

konservaciis momxre mravali qalaqis mTavrobam warmatebiT gaatara sakompensacio RonisZiebebi, iseTi rogoricaa modernizaciis arasabazro Sefaseba, an gadasaxadis mokrebis

- �� -

gadavadeba. am ukanasknelis dadebiTi mxarea motivirebuli mflobelebis waxaliseba im dros, rodesac municipalitetebs eZlevaT saSualeba mokribon gadasaxadebi sxva obieqtebidan maT Sesabamis doneze; zemoxsenebuli saWiroebs rTul savaraudo daangariSebebs.

municipalitetebs aseve SeuZliaT mxari dauWiron ganviTarebis uflebebis gadacemas erTi Senobidan meoreze da neba darTon memkvidreobiTi nagebobis mflobels miyidos misi Senobis ganviTarebis potenciali maT, visi ganviTarebis potenciali SezRudulia zonebad dayofis gamo. didi mniSvnelobis mqone istoriul qalaqebsa da urbanul raionebSi amas SeiZleba moyves RirsSesanisnavi adgilis ganapiras viTarebis daZabva, gamowveuli farTomasStabiani ganviTa-rebis SetaniT im zonebSi, romelic uSualod emijneba istoriulad miCneul raionebs.


d. 4.1. materialuri stimulireba

dubrovniki, iugoslavia

1979 wlis Zlieri miwisZvriT dazaralebuli Senobebis restavraciis dafinanseba.

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaadriatikis zRvis sanapiroze ganlagebuli dubrovniki Tavis arsebobas Cv.w. VII saukunis

winare xanidan iTvlis. laTinTa da slavebis energiis aRrevam ragusium-dubrovnikis ormag qalaqs mniSvnelovani mdgomareoba XIII saukuneSi SesZina, rodesac man, zRvaze hegemoniis mo-sapoveblad daiwyo metoqeoba veneciasTan. Tavis ayvavebis umaRles mwvervals qalaqma XVII saukuneSi miaRwia, rodesac ��7 wlis Zlierma miwisZvram seriozuli ngreva gamoiwvia. rekon-struqcia, sadac SesaZlebeli iyo, arsebuls misdebda; zogierT adgilas ngrevis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda sazogadoebisaTvis Ria sivrceebis Seqmna (gunduliCeva poliana), sxvagan ki iseTi mniSvnelovani Senobebis aSeneba, rogoricaa iezuitebis eklesia da misi mimdebare sas-wavlebeli. dubrovnikma dakarga damoukidebloba napoleonis omebis dros; miuxedavad amisa, Tavisi dRevandeli garegnuli formebsa da elementebs igi am gardatexis winamorbed ganviTa-rebas unda umadlodes.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacia��7� wels dubrovniki nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad.

3. kontaqtiMr. Bozo Letunic,Director Zavod za obnuvuDubrovnikaC. Zuzoric br. 650000 DubrovnikYugoslaviaTel.: 32-190Fax: 34-025

b. amocanebi

• fondebis Seqmna ara marto dazianebuli Senobebis aRsadgenad, aramed sazogadod sakonservacio saWiroebebisaTvisac.

• kulturis Zeglebis ganaxlebis da SekeTebis samuSaoebis gansakuTrebul sazogadoe-briv interesad gamocxadeba.

• yvela saxis kerZo da koleqtiuri interesis Cabma kulturis Zeglebis ganaxlebaSi ara marto mokle droiT, aramed xangrZlivadac.

- �� -

g. konteqsti��7� wlis �� aprils iugoslaviaSi moxda Zlieri miwisZvra, romelmac gansakuTrebuli

ziani dubrovnikis Zvel qalaqs miayena. daSavda TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani Senoba: saxlebi, sasaxleebi, eklesiebi, qalaqis galavani da saTavdacvo nagebobebi, monastrebi, vilebi da qa-laqis istoriuli infrastruqtura _ wyliT momarageba da sakanalizacio sistemebi. TiTqmis yvela Senoba saWiroebda restavracias, yvela quCa da moedani ganaxlebas. es aucilebloba kidev ufro mwvave xasiaTs iZenda imis gaTvalisiwinebiT, rom dubrovniki warmoadgens uni-kalur urbanul formas, Sua saukuneebis gegmarebis qalaqs, romelic saukuneebis manZilze Sendeboda. dazianebebis Taobaze gakeTebul ama Tu im zomiT moxsenebaSi gairkva, rom �07� nageboba (forTifikaciebis CaTvliT) sxva da sxva xarisixT iyo dazianebuli.

am sarestavracio samuSaoebis Rirebuleba uzarmazari iyo. igi Sefasebuli iyo xorvatiis socialisturi respublikis asambleis mier miRebuli Sefasebis kritetiumis Tanaxmad �� wlis seqtemberSi da Seadgenda �7� ��0 ��0 aSS dolars. saWiro iyo dafinansebis sxvadasxva sasualebebis amoqmedeba.

d. midgoma��7� wlis �0 oqtombers dubrovnikis municipalitetis asambleis mier miRebuli dadg-

nilebis Tanaxmad daarsda dubrovnikis restavraciis instituti, ris Semdeg gamoyenebul iqna dafinansebis sxvadasxva wyaroebi.

garda saerTo fondebisa, romelic mowodebuli iyo xorvatiis socialisturi respubli-kis, dubrovnikis municipalitetis da splitis municipalitetis mierac ki, gamoyenebuli iyo dafinansebis sxvadasxva inovaciuri wyaroebi:

• adgilobrivi muSakebis piradi Semosavlebze adgilobrivi sagadasaxado ganakveTis 0,��%-iT gazrda;

• specialuri municipaluri saqonelbrunvis gadasaxadis �% gazrda;

• urTierTdaxmarebis niSnakebis gayidvidan miRebuli Tanxebi;

• �0% ganakveTis specialuri municipaluri gadasaxadi suvenirebis, xeliT nakeTo-bebis, oqros, vercxlis da sxva faqizi iuveliruli nakeTobebis gayidvaze;

• specialuri ganakveTi saofise farTebze;

• �0% mogeba arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis organizebuli turebidan mokrebil saz-Raurze;

• �0% mogeba sabagiro gzis gamoyenebidan mokrebil sazRaurze.

am originalurma damatebiTma gadasaxadebma da sazRaurebma didi daxmareba gauwia mu-nicipalitets gadaudebeli da ZiriTadi sarestavracio samuSaoebis warmoebisas. am uzarmaz-ari saqmis dasrulebas kidev bevri weli dasWirdeba. municipalitetma gadasaxadebis mokrebiT yvela moqalaqe da organizacia am socialur da koleqtiur saqmianobaSi CarTo, riTic mogvca sazogadoebis mozidvis magaliTi , rac Zalze sasargeblo yvela SemTxvevaSi, da ara mxolod aseTi ubedurebis dros.

wyaroebi:Decrees of the Assembly of the Municipality of Dubrovnik, October 10, 1979; March 24, 1982; December 29, 1986.Law on the Renewal of Dubrovnik’s Endangered Architectural Heritage, Number 746-1986, May 6, 1986.The Restoration of Dubrovnik 1979-1989 Zavod za obnuvu Dubrovnika, 1990, 372 p.

- ��0 -

d. 4.1. materialuri stimulireba

mexiko, meqsika

istoriuli centris aRdgena

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaactekuri qalaq tenoCtilanis damarcxebisa da dangrevis Semdeg espanelebma, ernan kor-

tesis meTaurobiT, �� wels mis nangrevebze daiwyes qalaqi mexikos gegmareba da mSenebloba. acteki mosaxleobis didi nawili aqve darCa da Seeria espanel mosaxleobas, xolo winandeli ceremonialuri centri, romelic erTdros ekava mTavar taZars (Templo Mayor) da sasaxles, gadakeTda qalaqis komerciul da politikur birTvad. XVI saukunis gegmareba da zogierTi Tavdapirveli espanuri Senoba SemorCenilia, rogorc zolakos sabazro moednis (Zolaco plaza) Semadgeneli nawilebi, xolo arqeologiuri nangrevebi da moSorebiT mdebare qsoqimilkos baRebi dakarguli actekuri civilizaciis niSnebs atarebs.

yofili tbis fskerze ganlagebuli da mTebiT garSemortymuli, mexiko espanuri ameri-kis ekonomikuri centri da dedaqalaqi gaxda, romelic samxreTiT panamamde iyo gadaWimuli, xolo CrdiloeTiT dRevandeli samxreT-dasavleT amerikamde, kaliforniis CaTvliT. XVII da XVIII saukuneebSi qalaqma saxeli moixveWa saxlebis, samoqalaqo nagebobebis, eklesiebisa da monastrebis ansamblurobiT, romlebic gegmarebiTac metad moxerxebulia. maTi arqiteqtu-ruli mniSvnelovneba mdgomareobs espanuri barokos da adgilobrivi indielebis samSeneblo formebis cxovelxatul SerwymaSi. Senobebi agebulia adgilobrivi vulkanuri warmoSobis qve-bidan.

meqsikis damoukideblobas ��0 wliT aTariReben xolme, Tumca es moxda arauadres �� wlisa, rodesac respublikis konstituciis Tanaxmad, da axali mTavrobis centralizaciis mizniT, Seiqmna mexikos federaluri olqi. ��0-iani wlebisTvis qalaqis gareubnebSi gaCnda pirveli sacxovrebeli samezobloebi (colonias an barrios), rac gankuTvnili iyo mzardi mosaxle-obis sacxovrebliT dasakmayofileblad. ��7�-�� wlebSi SemuSavda urbanuli ganaxlebisTvis esoden aucilebeli programa, razec gegmarebis, keTilmowyobisa da arqiteqturuli Tvalsaz-risiT, zegavlena iqonia baron osmanis parizis modernizaciis gegmam.

XX saukuneSi mexikos mosaxleobam �� milions miaRwia, ris gamoc igi Sevida msoflioSi yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuli sami qalaqis ricxvSi. haeris daWuWyianebis, transportis moZ-raobis, dangreuli Senobebis, moSlili inftastruqturis da kidev mravali sxva mZime prob-lemis garda, Tvals kidev simdidrisa da siRaribis, caTambjenebi da arqiteqturis patara margalitebis, istorizmisa da modernizmis dapirispireba xvdeboda.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacia��7 wlis dekemberSi mexikos federaluri olqi da qsoqimilkos mocurave baRebi nomini-

rebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad II, III, IV da V kriteriumebis safuZvelze. XIV-dan XIX saukunemde qalaqi da misi winamorbedi, tenoCtilani inaxavda monumenturi xe-lovnebis da arqiteqturis TvalsaCino namuSevrebs da unikalur sivrcobriv organizacias (II). templo maioris nangrevebi dRes gamqrali actekuri civilizaciis (III) iSviaT mowmobas warmoadgens. mexiko gamoirCeva Tavisi Wadrakuli gegmarebiT, sadac quCebi da miwis nakveTebi Tanmimdevruli ganlagebiT; misi brwyinvale adreuli eklesiebi da saero nagebobebi warmoad-gens axal msoflioSi espanelebis dafuZnebis umSvenieres magaliTebs (IV). qsoqimilkos tbis landSafti warmoadgens meqsikis velis espanelebis okupaciis wina periodis erTaderT xelux-lebel mtkicebulebas (V).

3. kontaqtiSylvio MutalChief Technical Advisorand Regional Co-ordinatorRegional Projectfor Cultural Heritageand DevelopmentUnited Nations Development

- �� -

ProgrammeUNDP/UNESCOP.O. Box 4480Lima 100 PeruTel.: 51-14-402401/422060Fax: (51-14) 402484

b. amocanebi

• investiciebiT da sazogadoebis yvela fenis uSualo monawileobiT arqiteqturuli urbanuli memkvidreobis aRdgena, konservaciis xelSewyoba, arsebuli urbanuli nage-bobebis ukeTesi gamoyeneba da meti Tavsebadoba arsebul urbanul struqturebTan, da sazogadoebis yvela seqtoris investiciebisa da monawileobis gziT;

• istoriul raionSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis pirobebis da cxovrebis donis gaumjobeseba. kerZod, maTTvis ukeTesi sabinao pirobebis da dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofa.

g. konteqsti��7 wels mexikos istoriuli centri iunesko-s mier dasaxelebuli iyo msoflio memkvi-

dreobis siaSi Sesatanad. aman gazarda meqsikeli xalxis survili, daenxa misi gadaqceva iseT garemod, romelic daamSvenebda da harmoniulad Seerwymeboda misi mosaxleobis mimdinare ekonomikur da socialur saWiroebebs, da amave dros, momaval Taobebs warudgeboda maTi, viTarca eris vinaobis arqiteqturul da urbanul mowmobad. istoriuli centri, gansazRvru-li rogorc `perimetri A,” moicavs �.� kv.km. farTobs da �,�00-ze met nagebobas, romlebic gamocxadebulia istoriul Zeglebad. am raionSi Senobebis gaCanagebis mudmivi problemis garda, Zlieri dazianebebi gamoiwvia �� wlis miwisZvram. garemomcveli zona, gansazRvruli rogorc `perimetri B,” faravs �.� kv.km. da XIX saukunis bolomde warmoadgenda damoukidebel qalaq mexikos. es teritoria ZiriTadad asrulebs Tanamedrove urbanuli ganviTarebis ze-wolis mSTanTqmelis funqcias, Tumca ki badebs istoriuli centris xasiaTTan SeuTavsebel saqmianobas.

d. midgomainergeba administraciuli, samarTlebrivi da mastimulirebeli RonisZiebebi, istoriuli

centris ganaxlebaSi dainteresebul pirTa monawileobis wasaxaliseblad. mosalodnelia, rom es rwmenas Caunergavs potenciur investorebs da Seexideba ekonomikur infrastruqturas; Sewydeba obieqtebis mitoveba da araefeqtiuri gamoyeneba. xose Aantonio reva lakuturis mier Sedgenil dokumentSi _ `mexikos istoriuli centris aRdgena~ _ aRwerili RonisZiebebi Seicavs:

• fasTa klebis daCqareba.

fasebis daklebiT miRebuli sargebeli dafaravs istoriuli obieqtebis reabilita-ciisTvis investorTa mier gaRebul xarjebs. amgvarad, Tavidan avicilebT obieqtebis ukanono dangrevas, amasTan ki, gaizrdeba xelisuflebis Semosavali, radgan gaiz-rdeba rentis Semosavali da gaumjobesdeba miwiTsargebloba.

• biznesis potencialis uflebebis gadacemis sistema mSeneblebisaTvis, romlebic geg-maven gadaaWarbon miwiT sargeblobis nebadarTul intensivobas istoriuli centris zogierT ubnebSi, zog SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT am uflebebis mopoveba garkveuli sa-fasuris gadaxdiT. amoRebuli Tanxa moxmardeba obieqtebis restavracias, sazoga-doebrivi adgilebis gaumjobesebas, an teritoriis SigniT sasargeblo saqmianobis xelSewyobas. saqmianoba ar unda saWiroebdes zedmeti wylis an energiis xarjvas, ar unda gamoyofdes momwamlav nivTierebebs, ar unda warmoSobdes Zalian bevr nagavs an metismet xmaurs. igi unda Seesabamebodes urbanuli da ekologiuri ganviTarebis samdivnos mier dadgenil standartebs. mimdinareobs zogierTi proeqtebis xelSewy-oba, romelTa Sorisaa ori �-varskvlaviani sastumros mSenebloba da ori arsebuli Senobis gadakeTeba sacxovrebel saxlad.

• �� wlis miwisZvris Semdeg miRebuli specialuri fondebi mimarTuli iyo A da B perimetrebis SigniT ��,�00 sacxovrebeli saxlis reabilitacia/aSenebisaken.

- �� -

4.2. aRiareba da dajildoveba

zogierTi samarTlebrivi sistema mxars uWers dajildovebas gansakuTrebuli mcdelobis aRsaniSnavad, rogorc efeqtiur saSualebas sxvaTa am mimarTulebiT wasaxaliseblad. dajil-dovebis programebi, uTuod, mcire xarjia da, amave dros, Cineburad ZaluZs gaamaxvilos yu-radReba sasurvel sakonservacio saqmianobaze.

istoriuli qalaqebi aseT midgomas orgvarad iyeneben. erT SemTxvevaSi esaa moqalaqeebis an specialistebis mier obieqtze gaweuli iseTi samuSaoebis aRiareba, romelnic sxvebisaTvis samagaliTo iqneba. meore SemTxvevaSi xdeba Tavad namuSevris aRiareba, romelic ama Tu im kuTxiTaa sanimuSo da karg magaliTad Tu precedentad gamodgeba.

dajildovebis programebis warmatebis gasaRebi isaa, rom dajildovebam an prezentaciam Sesaferisad unda miiqcios farTo sazogadoebis gulisyuri.

4.3. wvrTnis programebi

stimulirebas erT umniSvnelovanes formas warmoadgens programebi, romelnic wvrTnis saWiroebebsa da informaciis gacvla-gamocvlas emsaxureba. swrafi ekonomikuri efeqtis wya-lobiT, stimulirebis am formas sakonservacio samuSaoebi iseT doneze gadayavs, rodesac specialistTa Sroma ukeTaa specifirebuli da gaSlili, masalebiT momarageba dauyovnebeliv xdeba da eqspertizac dauyonebliv tardeba.

konservaciis saqmeSi CarTul yvela samosaxlo erTobaSi `keTili saqmis~ ganxorcieleba xSirad zaralobs memkvidreobis sakiTxebis garSemo Seqmnili uamravi miTis gamo: `konserava-ciis samuSaoebi Zalze Zviria;~ `veRaravis ipoviT, vinc am saqmes Seasrulebs,~ da ase Semdeg. profesionalur da xelosnobis sferoebSi saTanado wvrTnis Sedegad, mravali aseTi prob-lema da warmodgena qreba xolme.

msoflioSi dRes wvrTnis mravali kargi programa arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom SeiniS-neba tendencia isini saxeldaxelo iyos, kanti-kuntad mowyobili da arasakmarisad dafinanse-buli, isini mainc aCens gaumxeleli interesis arsebobasac da samomavlod gamosadeg winaswar gamocdilebasac gvmatebs.

wvrTnis yvelaze efeqtiuri programebi isaa, romelnic erTmaneTs akavSirebs yvela seq-tors (dainteresebuli sazogadoebis CarTviT), da isinic, romelnic adgilobrivi pirobebisa da saWiroebebidan amodis.


d. 4.3. wvrTnis programebi

salvador de baia,

brazilia

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriasalvador de baia, sanapiro qalaqi, aRmarTuli mTian naxevarkunZulze, romelic gamo-

hyofs navsadgurs da yures okeanesagan, iezuitebis mier �� wels kldeze agebuli aJu-das eklesiis garSemo gaSenda. qalaqi daarsebidanve gaxda braziliis samefo administraciis adgilsamyofeli, xolo �� wlidan ki aq episkoposis kaTedrac aris. salvadoris porti gaxda portugaliis savaWro samkuTxedis mniSvnelovani nawili afrikas, brazilias da evropas Soris. XVII saukuneSi salvadori, msgavsad sxva sanapiro qalaqebisa, gaxda memaRaroTa eqs-pediciebis gamgzavrebis punqti qveynis SigniT. igi ekonomikurad da politikurad wamyvani iyo �7�� wlamde, rodesac braziliis dedaqalaqi rio de JaneiroSi gadavida.

- �� -

salvadori ganviTarda or nawilad, zeda qalaqad da qveda qalaqad. igi gadaWimulia yures mTel sigrZeze, xolo klde zeda da qveda qalaqebs erTmaneTisagan gamohyofs; am or nawils akavSirebs kibeebi da sabagiro gzebi. qalaqis sworkuTxa gegmareba morgebulia cxovelxatul mTian topografias. pelourino, damreci, samkuTxa formis raioni, warmoadgens qalaqis isto-riul centrs. mWidrod gaSenebuli da erTgvarovani zeda qalaqi, sadac mdebareobs sakaTe-dro taZari, monastrebi da XVI saukunis mravali sasaxle, ukeTesadaa Semonaxuli, vidre qveda qalaqi, portis mxare da qalaqis komerciuli centrebi. salvadoris bevr quCas poliqromuli stukoTi dekorirebuli viwro, koloniuri saxlebi miuyveba.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciasalvadori rekomendebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wels, rogorc

`renesansis urbanuli nagebobebis SesaniSnavi nimuSi morgebuli koloniur midamos, dacviTi, administraciuli da sacxovrebeli xasiaTis zeda qalaqiT, romelic gadmohyurebs qveda qalaqs, sadac mTeli komerciuli saqmianoba ZiriTadad portTanaa dakavSirebuli. ZeglTa simravle, ouro pretos msgavsad (Setanili msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi ��0 wels), braziliis Crdilo-aRmosavleTis tipiur koloniuri qalaqia par exellence~ (IV). moyvanili iyo agreTve kriteriumi (VI): ` salvadori warmoadgens erT-erT mTavar wertilTagans, sadac XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi erTi meores xvdeboda evropuli, afrikuli da adgilobriv-amerikuli kulturebi. misi daarseba da misi, rogorc dedaqalaqis istoriuli roli warmoSobs bunebriv asociacias axali samyaros aRmoCenasTan, ris naTeli gamoxatulebaa aseve msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Setanili Zveli havana (��), angra do heroizmo, san xuan de puerto riko (��) da kartaxena (��).~

3. kontaqtiSylvio MutalChief Technical Advisorand Regional Co-ordinatorRegional Project forCultural Heritage andDevelopmentUNDP/UNESCOP.O. Box 4480Lima 100 PeruTel.: 51-14-402401/422060Telex: 25391 PEFax: (51-14) 402484

b. amocanebi

• mudmivi wvrTnis kursis Seqmna, romelic SeZlebs saxe icvalos konservaciis sferoSi adgiloebriv saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad;

• sxvadasxva wyarodan dafinansebis mopoveba saWiro profesiebisa da SerCeul moswav-leTa monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad.

g. konteqstibraziliam karga xania scno wvrTnis, rogorc konservaciis xarisxis gaumjobesebis wina-

piroba. man daamyara mWidro kavSirebi sxva qveynebis satreiningo organizaciebTan, rogori-caa ICCROM da iRvawa imisTvis, rom gaeumjobesebina wvrTnis is SesaZleblobebi, rac TviT braziliaSi moipoveba. ��70-ian wlebis ganmavlobaSi wvrTnis kursebi tardeboda mTel rig centrebSi monacvleobis principiT. �� wels gadawyda am moZravi kursebis ganTavseba sal-vador de baias federalur universitetSi, rac gaaadvilebda saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan (ICCROM, UNDP da msoflio memkvidreobis fondi) TanamSromlobas da gaafarTovebda da dae-xmareboda arsebul kursebs.

amJamad tardeba daaxlovebiT cxraTviani or welze ganawilebuli kursi. ��0 wlis � mar-tidan �� dekembramde Catarda meSvide interregionaluri specializirebuli kursi, romelic exeboda Zeglebis konservacias da istoriuli qalaqebis reabilitacias.

salvador de baiaSi kursebis mudmivi ganTavsebis mizani iyo, rom moswavleebs xelT hqono-daT maRali xarisxis mza urbanuli laboratoria, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda koncepciebisa da midgomebis testireba da gaanalizeba.

- �� -

d. midgomadroTa ganmavlobaSi kursebma monawileebis SeniSvnebis da damxmare organizaciebis amo-

canebis Sesabamisad cvlilebebi ganicada. kursebis momzadebasa da maT danergvaSi teqnikuri daxmareba gaswia limaSi ganTavsebulma UNDP/UNESCO-s kulturuli memkvidreobis da gan-viTarebis regionalurma proeqtma, RLA/��/00�. UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis fondma, ICCROM-is damatebiTma dafinansebam ki daxmareba gauwia saerTaSoriso (aseve adgilobriv) specialistebsa da TiTqmis yvela monawileebs sxvadasxva qveynidan.

kursebisaTvis SemuSavebul meTodologia yuradRebas rig monaTesave sferoebis Teori-ul safuZvelze amaxvilebs, iseve, rogorc individualuri proeqtis SemuSavebasa da prezen-taciaze, romelic brazilieli Tu sxva qveynis monawileTa gamocdilebas emyareba.

am kursebis ganviTarebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda ��0 wels herman van hofis da darko pandoviCis mier UNDP/UNESCO-s regionaluri proeqtisaTvis momzadebulma detalurma Sefasebam. es moxseneba Cveni msjelobisas gamoviyeneT.

kursebis amocanebi droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleba. dRes isini SeiZleba Semdegnairad gan-isazRvros:

zogadi amocanebi:arqiteqtorebis, inJinrebis da damgegmav-urbanistebis momzadeba istoriuli Zeglebisa

da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis konservaciasa da restavraciaSi.

konkretuli amocanebi:

�) monawileTa momzadeba Semdeg sakiTxebsa da sferoebSi:

• arqiteqtura da urbanizmi laTinur amerikaSi, kerZod ki braziliaSi;

• tradiciuli mSeneblobis teqnologiebi, sistemebi da masalebi;

• konservaciisa da restavraciis Teoria da teqnikuri xerxebi;

• intervencia urbanul garemoSi;

• restavraciis proeqtebis ganxorcieleba;

• konservaciisa da restavraciis mecnieruli da teqnologiuri principebi;

�) miRebuli codnis misadageba konkretul kvlevis proeqtze, raTa misi Sesrule-ba SeeZlos erT-erT monawile erovnul organizacias, an sxva qveynebidan Camosul studentTa SemTxvevaSi, romelime dawesebulebas maT samSobloSi.

�) miRebuli codnis gamoyeneba staJirebis periodSi.

�) informaciisa da gamocdilebis mimocvlis qselis Seqmna brazilias, laTinur ameri-kas da afrikas Soris.

�) istoriuli Zeglebis da RirsSesanisnavi adgilebis konservaciisa da restavraciis kvleviTi centris daarseba baias federalur universitetSi.

kursebis ganviTarebam SesaZlebeli gaxada sxva qveynebis wilis gafarToeba. ��0 wels masSi Sedioda �0 brazilieli monawile (SerCeuli baias federaluri universitetis da SPHAN/pro Memoria mier) da �0 monawile sxva qveynebidan (SerCeuli komitetis mier, romelSic Sediodnen baias federaluri universitetis, SPHAN/pro Memoria -s da UNDP/UNESCO-s regionaluri proeqtis warmomadgenlebi), SerCeuli faqtiurad laTinuri amerikis yvela qveynis, karibis zRvis qveynebis, portugaliis da afrikaSi portugaliur enaze molaparake qveynebis mier wardgenil 7� kandidats Soris. kursebze daSvebuli kandidatebi Camosuli iyvnen argentini-dan, boliviidan, kolumbiidan, kubidan, ekvadoridan, portugaliidan, venesueladan, haitidan da nikaraguadan.

amJamad kursebi Tavazobs konservaciis aspiranturis kurss arqiteqtorebs, inJinrebs da urbanistebs laTinuri amerikisa da karibis zRvis qveynebidan. monawileTa reaqcia (studen-tebisa iqneba Tu profesorebis) Zalze sasargeblo gamodga kursebis saerTaSoriso aspqtTa TvalsazrisiT. wluri Sefasebis angariSi varaudobs am saerTaSoriso xasiaTis Semdgom ganmt-kicebas da gaZlierebas.

- �� -

5. meTvalyureoba da Semowmeba

Cveulebriv, misi programebis warmatebulad gansaxorcieleblad, mTavroba Tanabrad iy-enebs waxalisebisa da dasjis meTodebs. saerTo wesidan gamonakliss arc memkvidreobis sfero warmoadgens; dasaxuli ama Tu im miznis misaRwevad aq Tanabrad gamoiyeneba stimulirebisa da kontrolis sxvadasxva saxis da donis formebi, iurisdiqciidan gamomdinare. bevr SemTxvevaSi meTvalyureoba kanons emyareba. magaliTad, qveynebi, romelTac xeli moaweres msoflio mem-kvidreobis konvencias, SeTanxmdnen, `miiRon saTanado kanonieri da. . . finansuri zomebi. . . maTi memkvidreobis konservaciis, SenarCunebis da reabilitaciis mizniT.”

arsebos meTvalyureobis mravali saxe, romelic SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes qalaqebSi. maTi arCevani damokidebulia sasurveli Sedegis xasiaTze. umeteswilad, samosaxlo erTobebs adg-ilze gaaCniaT maregulirebeli meqanizmebi (zonebad dayofa, miRebuli normebi, proeqtis zedamxedveloba, obieqtis gansazRvra, a.S.), rac mTlianobaSi arcTu Tanaxmierad muSaobs. imdenad, ramdenadac isini iqmneboda da gamoiyeneboda drodadro da Tanac nawil-nawil, maTi usistemo xasiaTi arc aris didad gasakviri. zogierTi meqanizmi mxolod droebiTi problemis pasuxad iqna SemuSavebuli, is ki SeiZleba misi mogvarebis Semdeg kidev did xans ar gauqmdes. amasTan, maregulirebeli sistemebis mizania uxelmZRvanelos samosaxlo erTobebs sxvadasxva miznebis ganxorcielebaSi, da ar aris aucilebeli, rom yvela maTgani Seesabamebodes erTma-neTs an konservacias.

5.1. Zeglad aRiareba da siaSi Setana

municipalitetis an regionaluri mTavrobis mier Senobebis an Senobebis jgufebis Zeglad aRiareba (siebSi Setana an klasifikacia) iZleva gansakuTrebulad sagulisxmo nagebobebisaT-vis sagangebo yuradRebis mipyrobis, sagangebo dacvisa da dafinansebis SesaZleblobas.

magram Zeglad aRiareba uproblemo ar gaxlavT. bevr istoriul qalaqSi moqalaqeebma isargebles Zeglad aRiarebiT, rom gaemarTlebinaT xelisuflebis maRal doneebze adgilo-brivi dafinanseba. zogi ki amtkicebda, rom gauTavebeli Zeglad aRiareba kompensaciis gareSe niSnavda maTi uflebebis SezRudvas, daedoT Tavis qonebaze maqsimaluri sabazro fasi da aqe-dan mogeba mieRoT. iq, sadac Zeglad aRiarebis kanonmdeblobas SeeZlo daecva RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi, kompensaciis sakiTxebTan gamklavebis uunaroba xSirad aferxebda samarTlebriv qmedebas, rac badebda kanonis gamouyeneblobisa da uZlurobis gancdas, rac mniSvnelovani nagebobebis dakargvis mizezi xdeboda. Zeglad aRiarebis naklebad SemzRudveli formebi ki saSualebas aZlevda mtrulad ganwyobil mflobelebsa da damproeqteblebs Tavi aeridebinaT kanonieri moTxovnebisaTvis.

Zeglad aRiarebis moqmed sistemebSi arsebobs uamravi teqnikuri sirTule; isini vlindeba yvela SenobisTvis Tanabari mopyrobis uzrunvelyofaSi, siaSi SetanilTaTvis (da siis SigniT kategoriebisaTvis) erTgvarovani standartebis da normebis gamoyenebaSi, siis SemdgenelTa da administratorTa wvrTnaSi, siebis ganaxlebaSi da obieqtebze mimdinare cvlilebebis moni-toringSi.

Semdgom gadasalaxi siZneleebi, metadre istoriul ubnebsa Tu sakonservacio arealebSi warmoiSveba momijnave zonebSi sabazro viTarebis gamo _ ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da Sesa-Zleblobani iq metismetad sxva xasiaTisaa.

miuxedavad am siZneleebisa, im qveynebisaTvis, romlebmac SeZlo programebis SemuSavebas-Tan Tanadroulad sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebac, uzrunvelyo sakonservacio fondebis gamoyeneba da Tavis programebSi SeimuSava moqnili reaqcia, Zeglad aRiareba konservaciis mizvebis misaRwevad yvelaze mniSvnelovani iaraRi gamodga.

5.2. SeRavaTebi da SeTanxmebebi

eWvgareSea, rom mTavrobam, romelsac gaaCnia imis Zala, rom moaxdinos eqspropriacia, an imis saxsrebi, rom Seisyidos kerZo qoneba, unda gamoiyenos es saSualebebi, raTa didwilad gaakontrolos gansakuTrebuli nagebobebis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis Semdgomi bedi.

es saSualebebi SesaZloa sasargeblo gamodges erTeulsa an rTul SemTxvevebSi, magram saeWvoa, rom isini dagvexmaros im rTuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad, rac dakavSirebulia Zl-

- �� -

ieri memkvidreobismieri Rirebulebis mTlian raionebTan an qalaqebTan. gansakuTrebul Sem-TxvevebSic SeiZleba sakamaTo iyos, Rirs Tu ara eqspropriacia im aRSfoTebad, rasac igi gamoiwvevs. rac unda faseuli iyos obieqti, aSkaraa, rom mis Sesyidvas bevrad ufro meti saxsari dasWirdeba, vidre, magaliTad, mflobelisaTvis garkveuli grantis gamoyofas. aq Sei-Zleba miRweuli iyos saTanado kontroli naklebi danaxarjebiT, kerZo sakuTrebaze kanonieri valdebulebis dakisrebiT da winaswar gansazRvrul garemoebebSi cvlilebebis SezRudvebiT.

aseTi SeTanxmeba (an SeRavaTebi) uflebas aniWebs mflobels qonebaze. xSirad xelisu-flebis warmomadgenlebi (nebismier doneze) grantebisa da dafinansebis sanacvlod iTxoven gansakuTrebuli kerZo obieqtis sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomobas. amasTanave, SeTanxmebebi Ses-aZlebelia ganxorcielebuli iyos Tavad mflobelis mier, raime finansuri daxmarebis gareSe, Tu igi amdenad motivirebulia. memkvidreobis SeRavaTi mflobelisgan (da xSirad momdevno mflobelebisganac) moiTxovs nebarTvis aRebas momavalSii SesaZlo savaWro garigebisaTvis an cvlilebebisaTvis, ramac SeiZleba imoqmedos obieqtis im nawilebze, romelzedac ukve daix-arja garkveuli investiciebi.

5.3. xanZarsawinaaRmdego da sicocxlis usafrTxoebis wesebi

erTerT yvelaze mniSvnelovan zegavlenas rekonstruqciis proeqtebis fizikur formebze axdens samSeneblo da xanZris sawinaaRmdego normebi da wesebi. es wesebi emsaxureba sazoga-doebis dacvas janmrTelobis, nagebobebis vargisianobis, xanZris da zog SemTxvevaSi esTe-tikuri standartebis TvalsazrisiTac. Cveulebriv, maTi dacva warmoadgens mSeneblobis ne-barTvis gacemis pirobas.

dasavleTis mrvali qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi aseTi wesebi SemuSavebulia axali mSeneblo-bebisTvis standartebis Sesaqmnelad. maTi misadageba ufro Zvel nagebobebze, romelTa maT-dami Sesaferisoba Znelad Sesafasebelia, xSirad uaryofiT gavlenas axdens memkvidreobismi-er xasiaTze. garda amisa, Sefasebis sirTule (Zveli masalebis an damontaJebuli elementebis testirebis, molaparakebis aucilebloba) xSirad aferxebs nebarTvis gacemis process iseT sakiTxebze, risi rentabeloba eWvs iwvevs.

nebismieri donis xelisufleba, romelsac surs mxari dauWiros Senobebis konservacias, SeuZlia miiRos Semdegi wamaxalisebeli zomebi:

• “Sesabamisi alternativebis~ gamoyenebisa da testirebis xelSewyoba Zveli nagebobebis saWiroebebis sistematizaciis mizniT;

• Tanamdebobis pirTa maTi movaleobisagan ganTavisufleba, Tu isini aSkarad eurCebian wesebs;

• Tanxmobis miRebis procesis daCqareba, raTa Zveli nagebobebis ufro metma sirTulem ar Seaferxos dadebiTi pasuxi.

5.4. zonireba

Semdegi mniSvnelovani gamakontrolebeli faqtori municipaluri zonirebaa. es meTo-di ixmareba qalaqebSi miwaTsargeblobis marTvis mizniT. zonireba gulisxmobs nebadarTuli gamoyenebis tipebs, RirsSesanisnavi adgilis nakveTis dakavebis rigsa da xarisxs da damxmare pirobebis moculobas (mag. manqanis sadgomebi, momsaxureoba da advili misadgomebi).

zonirebis zedmetad mkacri SezRudvebis Sedegad xSirad viRebT erTgvarovan damak-mayofilebel gadawyvetas. aseTi midgoma SesaZloa, ar iTvaliswinebdes memkvidreobismieri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis unikalur moTxovnebs. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovani memkvidreobiTi areebi saWiroeben garkveul SeRavaTebs, an aucilebeli pirobebis moqnil gamoyenebas, raTa maTi xarisxi ar daziandes.

did istoriul raionebSi, zogierTma istoriulma qalaqma SeimuSava `memkvidreobis zonebad dayofa,~ risi mizanicaa konkretulad da moqnilad daakmayofilos sxvadasxva Rire-bulebis, mdgomareobis da funqciis mqone, Senobebis saWiroebani. bevri qalaqisaTvis memkvi-dreobis zonebad dayofas ZaluZs saTanadod daicvas gansakuTrebuli raionis xasiaTi, dacvis ufro maRali donis gareSe, rac raionebis Zeglad aRiarebas moyveboda.

- ��7 -

6. konservaciis xelSewyoba da sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba

iqneb, konservaciis miznebis miRwevis umniSvnelovanesi saSualeba is iyos, romelic Zeglebis da maTi jgufebis movlis iqiT samosaxloebis macxovreblebis gulebsa da gonebas ipyrobs. arsebobs mravali efeqtiuri saSualeba imisTvis, rom memkvidreobis faseuloba popularuli da gasagebi gaxdes mosaxleobisaTvis. es saSualebebi ara marto aamaRlebs memkvidreobis mniS-vnelovnebis gacnobierebis dones, aramed gasagebs gaxdis konservaciis procesis sirTulesac.

saukeTeso meTodebi Semdegia:

• ukvdavyofa: RirsSesaniSnevi adgilis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra da maTi wardgena mnaxvelTaTvis da maTTvis, vinc am adgilebiT sargeblobs;

• wardgena da ganmarteba: aRweris iqiT iseTi programebis SemoReba, rac gaacocxlebs RirsSesaniSnav adgilTan dakavSirebul im Zvel ambebs an Tvisebebs, rac misTvis yvelaze sagulisxmo an Rirebulia;

• sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba: axalgazrdebisa da mozrdilTaTvis iseTi progr-amebis Sedgena, rac xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis mxridan memkvidreobis da konserva-ciis saTanadod dafasebas.

6.1. ukvdavyofa

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis an raionis Zeglad aRiareba da siaSi Setana gamoyofs maT da warmoSobs interess maT mimarT, rac uzrunvelyofs maT kanonier dacvas. gansakuTrebuli faseulobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da ansamblebis warmoCenisadmi alternatiuli midgoma ukvdavyofa gaxlavT. misi mizania sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba, rasac emsaxureba nagebobis Seswavla, misi Sefaseba da yuradRebis gamaxvileba mis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebze. es aRwerebi xSirad mudmiv fizikur saxesac iRebs warwerebis ganTavsebiT saxlebsa Tu obieqtebze. isini gamoicema broSurebis, slaidebis, an aRwerilobiTi literaturis an raime sxva saxiTac.

mravali TvalsazrisiT ukvdavsayofTa nusxas SeiZleba ufro didi mniSvneloba hqondes, vidre mxolod kanonmdeblobiTi bunebisa. igi SeiZleba ise iyos Sedgenili, rom ar gaanawyenos obieqtebis mflobelebi, romelTa interesi _ SeinarCunon sabazro fasi _ kanonierad dasacavi obieqtebis siis miRma tovebs RirsSesanisnav adgilebs.

istoriuli qalaqebis ukvdavyofis TiTqmis yvela warmatebuli programa Seicavs qveviT moyvanil yvela an zogierT muxls:

• maT win safuZvliani kvleva uswrebs;

• isini gulisxmobs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis an raionis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nagebo-bebis an Tvisebebis yovelmxriv gaazrebas da Tanmimdevrul aRiarebas;

• isini sayovelTaodaa xelmisawvdomi stumrebisa da adgilobrivi macxovreblebisaT-vis prezentaciis saxiT.

6.2. wardgena da ganmarteba

wardgenisa da ganmartebis meTodebi gamoiyeneba saimisod, rom istoriuli qalaqis `Cveulebrivi saxlebi~ da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi iseve rogorc gansakuTrebuli Zeglebi, muzeumebi da Zeglad aRiarebuli istoriuli adgilebi ukeT iyos gagebuli. am meTodebs Seu-Zlia naTeli mohfinos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul evolucias, gazardos sazoga-doebis mxridan misi Tvisebebis dafaseba da ganaTlebis Semdgomi programebis SesamuSaveblad Rirebuli nawarmic Seqmnas.

programebi agreTve SeiZleba Sedges im mizniT, rom gamoacocxlos konkretuli kvar-talebi garkveul saaTebSi da miitanos macxovreblebamde axlomdebare raionis `saTqmeli~.

wardgenisa da ganmartebis warmatebuli programebis kriteriumebi Seicavs Semdeg muxlebs:

• kvleviTi safuZvelis Seuryvnelad arsebriv mxareTa sazogadoebisaTvis ufro vr-clad motana;

- �� -

• qalaqis bunebis an Tvisebebis gazviadebis an gayalbebisgan Tavis arideba;

• qalaqis ekonomikuri an socialuri funqcionirebis xelSewyoba;

• sxvadasxva dawesebulebebis, muzeumebis da dainteresebuli pirebis programebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, qalaqis erTianobad warmoCenis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

6.3. sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba

memkvidreobis konservaciis warmatebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan grZelvadian meTods war-moadgens sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba. informirebul da aqtiur sazogadoebaSi yvelaferi SesaZlebeli xdeba: politikosebi ufro mgrZnobiareni xdebian, meTodebi ufro moqnili da Cveni istoriuli garemo imdenad faseulad aRiqmeba, raTa is davicvaT.

ar aris aucilebeli saganmanaTleblo programebis fokusireba Sedegebis miRwevis saSu-alebebsa an formalur gareSe pirobebze.

memkvidreobis samyaroSi uamravi gamouyenebeli saganmanaTleblo SesaZlebloba arsebobs. umetesi maTgani dakavSirebulia Tavad sakonservacio samuSaoebis warmoebasTan. sarestavra-cio samuSaoebi da arqeologiuri gaTxrebi maTi Catarebis dros yvelsaTvis TvalSisacemia da maT SeiZleba Tan axldes statistikis amsaxveli monitorebi, ganmartebiTi niSnebi da muSao-bis Sesaxeb ufasod darigebuli masala. maTi Rirebuleba sakmaod mcirea da advilad Caeteva proeqtis ZiriTad biujetSi. da mainc grZelvadiani ganaTlebisaTvis saukeTeso Sedegi moaqvs municipaluri daxmarebis (iqneba es grantebi, Tu ubralid mSeneblobis nebarTva) ̀ mibmas~ pro-eqtis biujetSi ganaTlebis warmoCenis muxlebTan.

memkvidreobis Seswavlac saganmanaTleblo masalebis SemuSavebisa da xelSewyobis farTo SesaZleblobebs iZleva. dokumentaciis Sedegebi _ qalaqis quCebis foto, Canaxazebi, ganaTxari masala _ maT mier asaxuli memkvidreobis gasagebi da advilad xelmisawvdomi metaforebia.

��0-ian wlebSi, institucionaluri mouwyoblobisa da samsaxurebrivi winsvlisaTvis Zalisxmevis uSedegobis miuxedavad, dainteresebulma maswavleblebma da axalgazrdobis Tavkacebma, skolaSi da mis gareT, daiwyes saswavlo modulebis gamogoneba, raTa mietanaT memkvidreobis gzavnili xvalindel liderebamde, Cven Svilebamde.

es msoflio masStabis fenomenia. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi am saqmianobaSi CarTul ada-mianTa qselma Seqmna informaciis, meTodebis da midgomebis gacvla-gamocvlis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso doneebi. �� wlis dekemberSi ikomos-ma Jeunesse et Patrimoine-Tan (axalgazr-doba da memkvidreoba) erTad daafinansa pirveli saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, romelic eZRvne-boda axalgazrdebis ganaTlebas memkvidreobis sakiTxebSi.

mravali saskolo proeqti, romelic axalgazrdebs garemos maTeul gaazrebas gamoaxat-vinebs, TviTon xdeba sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis SesaniSnavi iaraRi – axalgazrdaTa ganacadis sixalase, axleburoba sxvaTaTvisac STamagonebelia xolme.

konkretuli SemTxvevis analizi

d. 6.3. sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba

kvebeki, kanada

publikaciebis programa

a. winapirobebi



- �� -



2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciakvebeki msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad �� wlisdamlevs iqna wardgenili, iko-

mos-is mimoxilvaSi miTiTebuli ori kriteriumis safuZvelze. ikomos-ma moiyvana kriteriumi IV da miuTiTa qalaqis istoriul raionze, rogorc `harmoniul urbanul ansamblze. . . ro-melic Seicavs citadels, bastionis kedlebiT dacul zeda qalaqs, da qveda qalaqs, misi navsadguriT da Zveli ubnebiT. igi warmoadgens gamagrebuli koloniuri qalaqis SesaniSnav nimuSs. . . CrdiloeT amerikaSi yvelaze srulad SerCenils.~ VI kriteriumi aseve miesadageba kvebeks, radgan `axali safrangeTis yofili dedaqalaqia. . . romelic asaxavs mosaxleobis da amerikis zrdis mTavar etapebs axal da Tanamedrove periodSi.~

3. kontaqtiMr. Serge Viau,Ville de Québec,2, rue des Jardins,Case postale 700,Québec, (Québec),Canada GIR 4S9Tel.: (418) 691-6866Fax: (418) 691-2346.

b. amocanebi• qalaqis publikaciebis programis integrireba kvlevis, dokumentaciis Sedgenisa da

aRnusxvis programebTan;• sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis gaRrmaveba qalaqis memkvidreobis simdidrisa da mra-

valferovnebis da konservaciis procesSi kvlevis warmoebis mniSvnelobis mimarT;• mravalferovani da farTo speqtris sapublikacio programis Seqmna, rac gaacnobs ad-

gilobriv macxovreblebs da stumrebs qalaqis memkvidreobis yvela waxnags.

g. konteqstirodesac kvebeki konservaciis dRevandel `xanaSi~ Sevida daaxlovebiT �� wlis win, gamo-

qveynebuli masaliT ZiriTadad qalaqSi Camosuli turistebi, Soridan mosuli stumrebi sarge-blobdnen.

droTa ganmavlobaSi kvebekSi mixvdnen, rom memkvidreobis warmatebuli konservaciis gas-aRebi isaa, Tu ra zomiT esmiT mis moqalaqeebs maTi memkvidreobis buneba da Rirebuleba da rogor afaseben saamisod Tavis sakuTar SesaZlo wvlils. Sesabamisad, droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvala qalaqis sagamomcemlo programebiT gaTvaliswinebuli ZiriTadi momxmarebelic; axla publikaciebi qalaqis macxovreblebzea fokusirebuli.

miuxedavad amisa, Sedgenili masala stumrebisTvisac xelmisawvdomia.

d. midgomasazogadoebisTvis saintereso publikaciebi Seiqmna mTel rig farTo Tematikis sferoe-

bSi. maT Sorisaa:

• samezobloebisa an raionebis Seswavla; qalaqis TiToeuli kvartalis memkvidreobis amsaxveli ilustrirebuli popularuli gamocemebis momzadeba, sadac detaluradaa aRwerili yoveli maTganis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi da Rirsebebi;

• teqnikuri kvleva saxlebis mflobelTaTvis; aTi, gasageb enaze Sedgenili da kar-gad ilustrirebuli narkvevis gamoqveyneba, sadac ganxilulia sxvadasxva teqnikuri sakiTxi (rogoricaa gadaxurva, kedlebis mopirkeTeba, fanjrebis Casma da sxv.).

- ��0 -

• qalaqis memkvidreobis komponentebis farTo mimoxilva; aq qalaqis arqeologiuri, arqiteqturuli da istoriuli memkvidreoba erT mTlianobadaa ganxiluli.

xazgasasmelia: am publikaciebs safuZvlad udevs droTa ganmavlobaSi qalaqis mier war-moebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebi. magaliTad, plas ruaials, qalaqis mTavar sarestavracio pro-eqts moyva Tematuri gamokvlevebi qalaqis mosaxleobis cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis Taobaze: socialuri organizaciis, vaWrobis, sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobis, cxovrebis wesis da demografiis Taobaze. es kvleva Seicavs agreTve arqeologiur monacemebs, romle-bic mopovebuli iyo ��70-ian wlebSi, sxvadasxva sarestavracio proeqtebis ganxorcielebi-sas. rodesac dasruldeba plas ruaialis sinTezuri kvleva, Sedegebi gamoqveynebuli iqneba sazogadoebis interesis dasakmayofileblad da esaa am adgilis sainterpretacio programis ZiriTadi birTvi.

gvaqvs sxva magaliTic, sadac ganxilvis sagania ara qalaqis raioni, aramed konkretuli Senobis funqcia. Zveli kvebekis sastumroebis da gasaqiravebeli oTaxebis mflobelebis kiTx-vebiT Sewuxebulma, Zveli kvebekis qveganyofilebam lavalis universitetTan erTad SeimuSava kvlevis proeqti. istoriisa da arqiteqturis fakultetis studentebs daevalaT SeeswavlaT istoriul raionSi mdebare �0 istoriuli sastumro. Sedegebi gamoqveynda mokle, �00 sityvi-ani reziumes formiT, romelsac Tan axlda fotomasalac da daurigda momxmarebels. imisT-vis, rom Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo ufro farTo sazogadoebisTvis, Zveli kvebekis sastumroebisa da restornebis mflobelTa asociaciam iTava axali proeqtis Seqmna, romelic unda gamocemuliyo Continuite-sTan (kvebekis masalaze dafuZnebuli konservaciis sakiTxebis Jurnali) TanamSromlobiT. es aris stumrebis mosazidi specialuri gamocema, romelic �0 nagebobis kvlevas Seicavs.

SeniSvna:am masalis momzadebaSi gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis avtori didad davalebulia anrieta teriolisgan.

7. sazogadoebis monawileoba

dasavlur samyaroSi ��0-iani wlebis Sua xanisa da miwurulis saprotesto moZraobam ufro mniSvnelovani Sedegebi gamoiRo, vidre universitetis studentTa mjdomare gaficve-bia, romlebTanac isini ufro asocirdeba xalxis mexsierebaSi. marTlac, am dacviTi moZrao-bis saTave im adamianebis protesti iyo, romlebic eZebdnen Tavisi gulistkivilis gamoxatvis pozitiur gzebs.

dacviTma moZraobam garkveuli Sedegebi gamoiRo Cvens droSic. maT mier iyo STagoneb-uli garemos damcvelTa moZraobac. kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis moZraobam ki Seqmna mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani modelebisa, romlebic dResac aisaxeba praqtikaSi. ��70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi samosaxloebis samoqmedo jgufebis pirvel sarTulze ganTavsebuli ofisebi, ��0-iani wlebis bolosa da ��0-ian wlebis dasawyisSi mTel CrdiloeT amerikaSi saqmiani raionis aRdgenis programebis ofisebad gadaiqca. sxvebSi ganTavsda sazogadoebrivi sakonsultacioe-bi, mofiqrebuli xelisflebis mier samosaxlo erTobis gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawile-obis uzrunvelsayofad.

sinamdvileSi, sazogadoebis azris gaTvaliswinebam imdenad formaluri saxe miiRo, rom maTi CarTva mimdinare procesSi xandaxan damcinav Rimilsac ki iwvevs. mravali mowadinebulia amgvar mcdelobas mxolod simboluri mniSvneloba miaweros. miuxedavad amisa, sazogadoebis monawileoba Zalze Rirebulia nebismieri istoriuli qalaqisaTvis proeqtis ganxorcilebisT-vis damatebiTi saxsrebis, gulSematkivrebis da mxardamWerebis uzarmazari speqtris mozidvis TvalsazrisiT. azris gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba aucilebelic ki iyos konservaciis moZraobis WeSmariti warmatebisaTvis, rac saboloo jamSi ganpirobebulia imiT, Tu ra zomiT iziarebs pi-radad samosaxlo erTobis yvela wevri moZraobis miznebisadmi gulxurvale damokidebulebas.

7.1. sajaro konsultaciebi

sazogadoebis azris gaTvaliswinebis formaluri programebi SesaZloa Zalze sasargeblo iyos konservaciis miznebis miRwevisaTvis saWiro ganwyobilebis gasaumjobeseblad. maT Seu-

- �� -

Zlia gazardos sazogadoebis kompetenturoba da dasaxuli miznebis misi mxridan mxardaWera; maT SeuZlia gaamdidros winaswari ganacxadebi axali ideebiT da mignebebiT; da bolos, maT ZaluZT kanonis Zala mianiWos saukeTeso arCevans.

imisTvis rom davrwmundeT, rom es programebi aRwevs Tavis miznebs, saWiroa guldasmiT ganvixiloT swori moqmedebis Semdegi wesebi:

• davrwmundeT, rom Sexvedrebi emsaxureba azriani monawileobis miRebis gzebis Ziebas; garkveul Zalisxmevas moiTxovs agrZnobino damswreT, rom maTi mosvla sasurvelia, rom yvela SeniSvna CaniSnulia da rom isini axdens gavlenas arCevanis gakeTebaze. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom warmodgenili variantebi winaswar ar iyos gadarCeuli da realuri arCevani monawileebis azris gaziarebiT keTdebodes;

• uzrunvelvyoT Sexvedrebis organizeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis adreul etapzec da Semdgom etapepzec, rac monawileebs mimdinare procesebis ganuyofeli nawilad aqceven.

Cveulebriv, mTavroba Zalze mondomebulia Tavisi wamowyebebis ganxorcielebis SesaZle-bloba moipovos; sazogadoebis azris gaTvaliswinebas advilad SeuZlia uzrunvelyos saWiro mxardaWera. formalur migdomas ki piriqiT, SeuZlia Searyios oficialur pirTa pozicia da sazogadoebis rwmena.

7.2. farTo masebis _ `fesvebis~ meqanizmi

dRevandel ekonomikursa da politikur viTarebaSi konservaciaSi farTo masebis mozid-vis midgoma mraval upiratesobas iZleva.

axali samTavrobo politika, xSirad ufro survilia, vidre realoba, gansakuTrebiT axla, rodesac deficitebi izrdeba, xelisufleba ki mcirdeba. es gansakuTrebiT Seexeba memkvi-dreobis politikas, romelsac TiTqos standartuli gansazRvreba _ `araviTari resursebi~ _ miakreso.

aseT viTarebaSi, konservaciis mxridan kanonieri wilis moTxovnam SeiZleba ar gamoiRos sasurveli Sedegebi. amave dros, oficialuri daxmarebis naklebobam SeiZleba dadebiTadac imoqmedos, radgan am SemTxvevaSi samosaxlo erTobebi TavisTavze iReben pasuximgeblobas sakuTari miznebis ganxorcielebazes. farTo masebis CarTva urbanul konservaciaSi ikrebs Za-las da ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba da naTelia, rom nebayoflobiT gaRebuli jafisa da gamocdilebis wvlili kidev ufro mniSvnelovani gaxdeba momaval sazogadoebebSi resursebis moTxovnebis Sesamcireblad.

farTo masebis mozidvis yvelaze TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi main-stritis (mTavari qu-Cis) programebia, danergili dasavleTis iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa kanada, aSS, gaerTianebuli samefo da avstralia. aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, daaxlovebiT �00 patara da saSualo zomis qa-laqma da didi qalaqebis ubanma isargebla misi sikeTiT. maTi mcdeloba fizikurad fokusire-buli iyo qalaqebis komerciul birTvze da im adamianebze, romlebic samosaxlobebSi dakave-buli iyvnen komerciuli saqmianobiT. farTo masebis mozidvisas miRebuli mravali gakveTili uSualo kavSirSia msoflio memkvidreobis qalaqebTan.

maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani exeba `organizacias~ _ calkeuli pirovnebebis gaer-Tianeba erTi saerTo interesiT, saxledobr, maTi saqmianobisa Tu maTi samyofeli ubnebis ekonomikuri sicocxlisunarianobis interesiT. warmatebuli organizacia saWiroebs imave meTodebis gamoyenebas, riTic warmatebul biznesSi xelmZRvaneloben:

• dagegmvis samuSaos da raobis gaazreba saerTo amocanebis gansazRvrisa da warmarT-visas;

• efeqtiuri pirovnebaTSorisi urTierToba konfliqtebis gadasalaxavad da urT-ierTndobis dasanergad;

• moxaliseebSi piradi motivaciis maRali xarisixis stimulireba da SenarCuneba.

bevri maTgani didad mniSvnelovania moqalaqeebis yvela jgufisaTvis, visac surs gadaWras saerTo Tu saziarod miCneuli amocanebi.

- �� -

8. garemos kontroli

Cven yvelam kargad viciT Tu ra gavlenas axdens agresiuli nivTierebebi da elementebi Cven bunebriv da kulturul garemoze. ukontrolo samrewvelo gamonabolqvebi abneleben Cven cas da aSaveben saukunovani nagebobebis qvis zedapirs; Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs avtomobilebsac - haeris xarisxis gauaresebiT, xolo maTi simravle da moZraobis tempi iwvevs iseT vibracias, rac xSirad aRemateba Zveli nagebobebis saZirkvelis sawyiss SesaZleblobebs.

amave dros, mniSvnelovania gvesmodes, rom industriul revoluciamde bevrad ufro adre, TviT bunebac safrTxes uqmnida kulturuli obieqtebis arsebobas. xanZars, miwisZvrebs, qariSxals _ yvela maTgans advilad SeeZlo gaenadgurebina saukuneebis memkvidreoba. TviT `JuJuna~ wvimaSic ki Sedis garkveuli mJavebi, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi nel-nela Slis nagebobis kirqvis elementebs.

momdevno TavSi ganixileba samrewvelo nagavTan, transportis moZraobiT gamowveul vi-braciasTan, miwisZvrebTan da sxva stiqiuri ubedurebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Se-fasebis, marTvis da Semsubuqebis saSualebebi.

8.1. samrewvelo dabinZureba

sakmaod didi yuradReba daeTmo haeriT gadatanili damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis bunebis dadgenas da maT zegavlenas samSeneblo masalebsa da nagebobebze. sabolood, am kv-levebma daakavSira garkveuli masalebis mdgomareobis mzardi gauareseba (magaliTad, mJa-va wvimebiT gamowveuli kirqvis TvalSisacemi daSla, an sulfatisagan qviSaqvis zedapiris gauferuleba da masze mkvrivi apkis warmoqmna, romelic bsaolood Zvreba) haerSi mimobneuli mavne nivTierebebis raodenobis gazrdisa da transportis moZraobiT gamowveul vibracias.

arsebobs am problemebis mogvarebisadmi oTxi SesaZlo midgoma:

• Seamciro mavne nivTierebebis odenoba maT warmoSobis adgilas, raTa Seamciro haeris dabinZureba globalur doneze;

• mniSvnelovani masalebis, nagebobebis an maTi elementebis dacva gauaresebisagan an maTi damcveli feniT dafarva;

• mniSvnelovani elementebis (Zeglebi, qandakebebi) gadatana xelsayrel garemoSi;

• damabinZurebeli gamonabolqvebis adgilobrivi moqmedebisSeswavla yvelaze dazianeb-uli nimuSebis mixedviT da RonisZiebebis dagegvma (mag., satransporto marSrutebis sqema, axali sawarmoebis ganlageba) kidev meti gasaWiris albaTobis Sesamcireblad.

yvela maTgans SeiZleba hqondes dadebiTi Sedegi konservaciisaTvis, Tumca ukanaskneli, albaT, yvelaze praqtikuli da advilad samarTavia istoriuli qalaqebis xelmZRvanelebis mxridan.


d. 8.1. samrewvelo dabinZureba

gioteborgi, SvedeTi

dabinZurebis zegavlenis Semcireba istoriul centrebSi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriagioteborgi daarsda ��0 wels tbebis midamoebSi, CrdiloeT zRvaSi gota alvis gasasv-

lelTan. TxriliT da wylis arxiT garSemortymuli qalaqs, Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli nagebobe-biT, Zlieri holandiuri zegavlena atyvia.

- �� -

piriT CrdiloeTi zRvisa da atlantikis okeanesaken ganlagebiTa da qveynis Sida mxaree-bTan kargi satransporto kavSiris gamo, gioteborgi gaxda SvedeTis mTavari porti da skan-dinaviis transokeanuri vaWrobis mTavari centri.

gioteborgi SvedeTis erT-erTi wamZRoli industriuli qalaqia, ramdenime, XIX s-is ga-suls daarsebuli aqauri sawarmo ki (volvo, SKF, haselbladi) saqveynodacaa cnobili.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominaciagioteborgi ar yofila dasaxelebuli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad.

3. kontaqtiLordmayorMr. Jörgen LinderCity of GöteborgS-404 82 Göteborg,SwedenJan RosvallInstitute for ConservationUniversity of GöteborgBastionsplatsen 2S-411 08 Göteborg, SwedenTel.: 031. 63. 47. 03Fax: 031. 63. 47. 00

b. amocanebi

• garemo safrTxeebis, ZiriTadad haeris dabinZurebis, monitoringisa da dakvirvebi-saTvis saWiro midgomis SemuSaveba.

• zogadi modelis Seqmna Senobebsa da fizikur naSenze dabinZurebuli haeris zegav-lenis dokumentaciis mizniT, rac gaxdeba teqnikuri RonisZiebis safuZveli kvali-ficiuri grZelvadiani movlsa da konservaciisaTvis.

g. konteqstiSenobebze, Zeglebze da sxva fizikur naSenze dabinZurebuli haeris damangreveli zegav-

lena gaxda seriozuli problema bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. sapasuxod, qalaqis sabWom SeimuSava dabinZurebuli haeris zemoqmedebis Semcirebis programa. masSi Sedis konkretul qmedebebze gaTvlili gegmarebiTi kvleva-Zieba.

qalaqis sabWosa da gioteborgis universitetis (konservaciis instituti) TanamSromlo-bam SesaZlebeli gaxada haeris dabinZurebiT dazianebuli fizikuri naSenis aRnusxvis zogadi modelis SemuSaveba. modelis SemuSavebisas Catarda gioteborgis centraluri nawilis da-zianebaTa aRweriloba. Sedegad gamoavlinda ufro seriozuli dazianebebi, vidre mosalod-neli iyo.

es TanamSromloba kidev ufro ganmtkicda kvlevisa da ganviTarebis centris daarsebiT, romelic eyrdnoboda EURO-CARE- is koncepcias. EURO-CARE warmoadgens EUREKA-s pro-eqts Senobebis da kulturuli memkvidreobis konservaciisaTvis saWiro xarisixiani saSuale-bebis warmoebisaTvis. qalaqis sabWo, gioteborgis universiteti, Calmersis teqnikuri univer-siteti da, ra Tqma unda, mrewveloba Tavis Zalebs aerTianebs. muSaoba, romelic axla sawyiss etapze imyofeba, sabolood Seamzadebs R&D proeqtebs axali teqnologiebis, produqciisa da procesebis, infrastruqturis, meTodebisa da standartebis Sesaqmnelad, romelnic gaaum-jobesebs kulturuli memkvidreobis da nagebobebis saarsebo momsaxurebas, da amave dros Seamcirebs konservaciis, restavraciis da movlis wliur danaxarjebs.

d. midgomakvleva, romlis safuZvelzec Seiqmna dabinZurebiT gamowveuli zianis aRnusxvis mod-

eli, pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs, kulturuli konservaciis sferoSi, organul qimiasa da sxva monaTesave disciplinebSi momuSaveTa TanamSromlobas. meTodologia da Teoriuli safuZv-lebi damyarebulia multidisciplinarul midgomas, romelic mocemulia publikaciaSi haeris dabinZureba da konservacia _ Cveni arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis usafrTxoebis dacva (gamocemuli Jan Rosvall and Stig Aleby, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988) da samecniero angariSSi _

- �� -

dabinZurebuli haeris zegavlena gioteborgis Senobebsa da Zeglebze (konservaciis institu-ti, gioteborgis universiteti, ��0).

proeqti moicavda aRwerilobas, dazianebis analizs da saremonto RonisZiebebs. wina proeqti Sedgeboda zogadi aRwerilobisgan, saidanac SeirCa rigi topografiuli raionebisa da obieqtebisa, romelmac Seadgina ufro detalurad Sefasebuli nawili, CarTuli EURO-CARE-is monacemTa bazis sistemaSi. dazianebis done dadgenili iyo vizualuri daTva-lierebis safuZvelze (dazianebis xarisxebi 0-�), monacemTa struqturirebis EURO-CARE-is standartebis, `minimalurad cvalebadi sidideebi,~ gamoyenebiT. aRwerilobaSi Setanili TiToeuli topografiuli raionidan didi gulisyuriT iyo SerCeuli Senobebisa da qanda-kebebis garkveuli raodenoba, romlebic Semdgom daeqvemdebara ufro detalur da yov-lismomcvel dokumentacias vizualuri Semowmebis, fotodokumentirebis, sinjebis aRebis, qimiuri analizis, diagnostirebis da sxvaTa CarTviT. obieqtebis SerCevas gansazRvravda samSeneblo masala, geografiuli, klimaturi da dabinZurebis faqtorebi. ganxilul sam-Seneblo masalas ZiriTadad warmoadgens graniti, kirqva, qviSaqva da bunebrivi qvebis da brinjaos sxva saxeobebi.

aRwerilobis mizania Seqmnas faqtiur masalaze dafuZnebuli zogadi warmodgena sx-vadasxva tipis nagebobebsa da qandakebebze dazianebis xarisxSi SesaZlo cvlilebebis kavSiris Sesaxeb cvalebad garemo pirobebTan. aRwerilobaSi mkafiodaa miTiTebuli dazianebis mdgo-mareoba zogadad, da, amasTanave, asaxulia, ris safuZvelzea mocemuli analizi da SesaZlo saremonto RonisZiebebi.

garemos dacvis da konservaciis SemoTavazebuli RonisZiebebi Camoyalibebulia �0 qmedebis CamonaTvalSi da dafuZnebulia yovelive yuradsaRebze, rac aRwerilobam da da-zianebaTa analizma aCvena. es RonisZiebebi moicavs rogorc ama Tu im dabinZurebis donis dasawevad miRebul saerTaSoriso gadawyvetilebebs, aseve SerCeuli sacdeli obieqtebis praq-tikul konservacias da universalurad efeqturi zogadi inventarizaciis da diagnostikis modelis SemoRebas.

8.2. transportis moZraobiT gamowveuli vibracia

mxolod bolo ramdenime aTeuli welia, rac Cven gavacnobiereT, Tu ra donis vibracias iwvevs nagebobebisaTvis transportis moZraoba Cveni istoriuli qalaqebis quCebSi. es prob-lema, Cveulebriv nabij-nabij viTardeba da TvalsaCino xdeba mxolod maSin, rodesac Zeglebi ukve xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ganicdian intensiur vibracias.

am problemis mogvarebis efeqtiuri programebi Semdeg midgomebs moicavs

• manqanebis sadgomebis monitoringi am problemisa da droTa ganmavlobaSi ama Tu im nagebobebze misi zegavlenis masStabis dasadgenad;

• garkveuli saxis transportis (mag., sabargo manqanebis) moZraobis akrZalva an siCqa-ris SezRudva mniSvnelovan raionebSi, problemis masStabis Semcirebis mizniT;

• vibraciis izolaciis sxvadasxva formebze cdebis Catareba, gzebsa da nagebobebs So-ris barierebis Cadgma, romelTac ZaluZs STanTqos zegavlena umetesi wili da amis Semdeg adgilobriv viTarebaSi yvelaze imedismomcemTa gamoyeneba;

• meTodebis SemuSaveba da maTi danergva dazianebuli nagebobebis gasamagreblad da gasamtkiceblad nebismieri sainJinro monapovarTa moxmobiT.

8.3. miwisZvrebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi

miwisZvrebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi xSirad anadgurebs nagebobebs da iwiravs adami-anTa sicocxles Cven mniSvnelovan istoriul qalaqebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT TiTqosda prognozirebadi cikluri xasiaTi aqvs, msoflios garkveul nawilebSi Cven, Cveulebriv, ar SegviZlia maTi dawyebis saTanado sizustiT winaswarmetyveleba, raTa Tavidan aviridoT mo-salodneli dazianebebi. qariSxlebis da taifunebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac SesaZlebelia winaswari gafrTxileba, SeiZleba moxerxdes adamianebis gadarCena, magram bolo wuTebSi cota ram Tu

- �� -

gakeTdeba imisTvis, rom davicvaT Senobebi da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi mosalodneli ier-iSebisgan.

gansxvavebiT vibraciisa da dabinZurebisadmi zemoTaRwerili midgomebisagan, winaswari prevencia jerjerobiT ver Tavazobs qalaqis xelmZRvanelobas raime praqtikul winadadebas mosalodneli miwisZvrebis, an stiqiuri ubedurebebis sxva formebTan gasamklaveblad.

katastrofebis SesaZlo Sedegebis Tavidan acilebis an Sesustebis TvalsazrisiT konser-vaciis yvelaze efeqtiur meTodebs Soris aris:

• ubedurebisTvis mzadyofnis gegma, sadac miTiTebulia specifikuri moqmedebebi da valdebulebebi ubedurebamde da mis Semdeg, raTa minimumamde daviyvanoT adamian-ebisa da nagebobebisTvis miyenebuli ziani;

• ama Tu im RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis potencialis analizi, gauZlos sxvadasxva formis da siZlieris dartymas anu seismuri mdgradobis analizi;

• im nagebobebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis programebi, romlebic saalbaTod ver gauZlebs seriozul dartymas;

• xelSewyoba da monawileoba gacvliT da kvleviT programebSi azrebis, gamocdilebis da teqnologiuri warmatebebis (kerZod, Senobebis modernizaciis, mag., miwisZvrebi-sTvis modificirebis mxriv, anti-seismuri RonisZiebebi) gaziarebis mizniT.


d. 8.3. miwisZvrebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi

dubrovniki, iugoslavia

Senobebis dacva miwisZvrebisagan;

teqnikuri aspeqtebi

a. winapirobebi

1. istoriaadriatikis zRvis sanapiroze ganlagebuli dubrovniki Tavis arsebobas Cv.w. VII saukunis

winare xanidan iTvlis. laTinTa da slavebis energiis aRrevam ragusium-dubrovnikis ormag qalaqs mniSvnelovani mdgomareoba XIII saukuneSi SesZina, rodesac man, zRvaze hegemoniis mo-sapoveblad veneciasTan daiwyo metoqeoba. Tavis ayvavebis umaRles mwvervals qalaqma XVII saukuneSi miaRwia, rodesac ��7 wlis Zlierma miwisZvram seriozuli ngreva gamoiwvia. rekon-struqcia, sadac SesaZlebeli iyo, arsebuls misdevda; zogierT adgilas ngrevis Sedegad Ses-aZlebeli gaxda sazogadoebisaTvis Ria sivrceebis Seqmna (gunduliCeva poliana), sxvagan ki iseTi mniSvnelovani Senobebis aSeneba, rogoricaa iezuitebis eklesia da misi mimdebare sas-wavlebeli. dubrovnikma dakarga damoukidebloba napoleonis omebis dros; miuxedavad amisa, Tavisi dRevandeli garegnuli formebsa da elementebs igi am gardatexis winamorbed ganviTa-rebas unda umadlodes.

2. msoflio memkvidreobis nominacia��7� wels dubrovniki nominirebuli iyo msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Sesatanad.

3. kontaqtiMr. Bozo Letunic,Director Zavod za obnuvuDubrovnikaC. Zuzoric br. 650000 Dubrovnik

- �� -

YugoslaviaTel.: 32-190Fax: 34-025

b. amocanebi• Zeglebis dacva miwisZvriT gamowveuli dazianebebisagan;• am Senobebis maxasiaTeblebis ucvlelad SenarCuneba yvelaze Sesaferisi teqnologiebis

gamoyenebis gziT.

g. konteqsti��7� wlis �� aprils iugoslaviaSi moxda Zlieri miwisZvra. gansakuTrebuli ziani man

dubrovnikis Zvel qalaqs miayena. dazianda TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani nageboba: saxlebi, sasaxleebi, eklesiebi, qalaqis galavani da safortifikacio nagebobebi, monastrebi, vilebi da amasTan erTad wylis mommaragebeli da sakanalizacio sistemac ki.

saWiro gaxda TiToeuli Senobis, TiToeuli quCis da TiToeuli moednis restavracia. dazianebuli iyo �,07� nagebobaze meti, zogi maTgani Zalian seriozulad. sarestavracio samuSaoebis masStabi uzarmazari iyo da entuziazmiT ganixileba aT welze meti xnis dagvi-anebiT.

d. midgoma��7� wlis �0 oqtombers dubrovnikis municipalurma asambleam daaarsa dubrovnikis

restavraciis instituti, romelsac evaleboda zedamxedveloba gaewia yvela saxis samuSaosT-vis, romlis mizani iyo restavraciis programebis da gegmebis ganxorcieleba miwisZvriT da-zianebul nagebobebze. samuSao Seicavda:

• sabuTebis Segrovebas;

• saWiro teqnikuri kvlevis Catarebas;

• sarestavracio samuSaoebis zedamxedvelobas.

�� wels xorvatiis respublikis mTavrobam gamosca ufro zogadi xasiaTis kanoni, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom dubrovnikis Zveli qalaqi warmoadgens dazianebul arqiteq-turul memkvidreobas, da rom kerZo pirebsa da korporaciebs Soris valdebulebebis da pasuxismgeblobebis danawileba unda iTvaliswinebdes am arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis aRdgenas.

dubrovnikis restavraciis institutma moamzada ganxorcielebis gegma, romelic daamt-kices ��7� wels. ganviTarebis gengegmis msgavsi gegma Seicavda msoflio memkvidreobis am mniS-vnelovani ansamblis aRdgenis yvela saWiro RonisZiebas. igi ganagebs miwis gamoyenebas, isaxavs binaTmSeneblobis amocanebs, anawilebs aRWurvilobas da momsaxurebas da aRwers aucilebel infrastruqturas.

sarestavracio samuSaoebi daiwyo ramdenime mTavar Zeglze, romelTa ricxvSi Sedioda reqtoris sasaxle, dubrovnikis ratuSa, marin drzikis Teatri, sponzas sasaxle, sakaTedro taZari da dominikelTa da franciskanelTa monastrebis samrekloebi.

am Senobebis konstruqciebi, msgavsad mravali sxvisa, seriozulad iyo dazianebuli. mag-aliTad, reqtoris sasaxleSi mzidi kedlebi daSorebuli iyo iatakis gadaxurvas, xolo zog adgilas fasadis gadaxra ��sm. aRwevda. sarestavracio samuSaoebi Seicavda mzidi kedlebis amoyvanas arsebuli kedlebis masalis gamoyenebiT, rkina-betonis iatakis filebis CaSenebas da saZirkvelis gamagrebas miwaSi ganTavsebuli rkina-betonis ximinjebiT. garda amisa, sasaxles da mis axlo mdebare ratuSas erTmaneTTan akavSirebda seismuri kvanZi.

rac Seexeba dubrovnikis ratuSas, masac Cautarda gamagrebiTi samuSaoebi, rac Seicavda saZirkvlidan saxuravamde rkina-betonis ori ganivi kedlis amoyvanas, kolofis tipis kibis ujredis CarTvas da rkina-betonis iatakebis dagebas. garda amisa, Senoba seismurad izolire-buli iyo mezobeli nagebobebisagan. oTaxebis ganlageba mTlianad gadakeTda.

miwisZvram mniSvnelovnad daaziana qalaqis saaTis koSki, radgan igi aSenebuli iyo wy-liT savse sagubarze. restavracia daiwyo ��7 wels, xolo dasrulda �� wels. igive SeiZleba iTqvas franciskanelebis da dominikanelebis monastrebis samrekloebis Sesaxeb. yvela koSkisTvis gamoyenebuli iyo erTi da igive konstruqciuli sistema: rkina-betonis ori fila, ganTavsebuli erTi Zirze, xolo meore TavSi da dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan wi-

- ��7 -

naswar daWimuli bagirebiT. aseTi sistemis wyalobiT samreklos reaqcia miwisZvrebis dros moqnili iqneba.

rac Seexeba sakaTedro taZars, Tavdapirvelad samuSaoebi dasrulda gumbaTSi rkina-be-tonis filebis sartylis bolo karnizis doneze mowyobiT; mogvianebiT amas daemata iatakis ori mesamedis dafarva filebiT, raTa arqeologebs hqonodaT taZarSi muSaobis gagrZelebis saSualeba (aRmoCenebi, sxvaTa Soris, Seicavda adre bizantiuri sakaTedro taZris naSTeb-sac).

wyaro:The Restoration of Dubrovnik, 1979-1989, Zavod za obnuvu Dubrovnika, 1990.

- �� -

bibliografia

Semdegi CamonaTvali warmoadgens urbanuli konservaciis Temas miZRvnili aTasobiT wignebis, statiebis da dokumentebis mxolod mcire nawils.

Appleyard, Donald.(ed.) The Conservation of European Cities. Boston. 1979.

Cesari, C. Considerations on the Problems of Integrated Conservation. Ferrara. 1982.

Conseil d’Europe Déclaration d’Amsterdam. Amsterdam. 1975.

Fitch, James Marston. Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World. New York. 1982.

Harrison, Patrick. (ed.) Civilizing the City: Quality or Chaos in Historic towns. Edinburgh. 1990.

ICOMOS. Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas.

Charte Internationale pour le Sauvegarde des Villes Historiques.

Carta International para la Conservación de las Cuidades Históricas. Washington, D.C. 1987.

ICOMOS. The International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites.

Charte Internationale sur la Conservation et la Restauration des Monuments et des Sites.

Carta Internacional sobre la Conservación y la Restauración de los Monumentos y de los Sitios. Venice. 1964.

Jokilehto, J. A History of Architectural Conservation:the Contribution of English, French, German and Italian Thought Towards an International Approach to the conservation of Cultural Property. D. Phil. Thesis. York. 1986.

UNESCO. Conservation of Cities. Paris. 1975.

UNESCO, German Commission for Protection and Cultural Animation of Monuments, Sites and His-toric Towns in Europe. Bonn. 1980.

UNESCO. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Paris. 1977. Revised 1989.

UNESCO. Recommendations Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Ar-eas.

Recommendations Concernant la Sauvegarde des Ensembles Historiques ou Traditionnels et leur Role dans la Vie Contemporaine.

Recomendacion Relativa a la Salvaguardia de los Conjuntos Históricas et su Función en la Vida Contemporánea. Nairobi. 1976.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

keit klarki

kompetenturi konservacia

istoriuli nagebobebisa da maTi landSaftis gaazreba konservaciisaTvis

inglisis memkvidreoba

KATE ClARK

INFORMED CONSERVATION

UNDERSTANDINg HISTORIC BUIlDINgS AND THEIR lANDSCAPES FOR CONSERVATION

ENgLISh hERITAgE

london, 2001

- ��0 -

samadlobeli

bevri adamiani mravalmxrivad dagvexmara am dokumentis SedgenaSi, gansakuTrebiT tartia barneti da rene holandi, iseve rogorc siuzi barsoni, aleqs bailisi, damien gudbarni, helen hYugi, riCard li, vel horsleri, sara lannoni, qris mieli, nikolas molinYo, devid mailsi, devid robinsoni, pol stemperi, hamfri uelfea, jef uesti da endi uitriki. bevrma sxva adamianma gamoxata azri teqstis Savi rdaqciis Sesaxeb. inglisis memkvidreobis TanamSromlebis garda gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT im organizaciebsa da calkeul adamianebs, vinc mogvawoda TavianTi namuSevrebi da ilustraciebi. maT yvelas saTiTaod vuxdiT madlobas.

Sesavali

istoriuli garemo arsebobs Cvens garSemo Senobebisa da landSaftis, damarxuli naSTebisa da istoriuli adgilebis saxiT. es Zvirfasi da Seucvleli dovlaTia, romelic erTxel Tu davkargeT, verasdros davibrunebT.

istoriuli garemo mravalnairad aris mniSvnelovani – arqiteqturisa Tu landSaftis, masTan dakavSirebuli mogonebebis, masTan `gaSinaurebis~ kuTxiT, im ambebis gamo, romelsac is mogviTxrobs, wvliliT sazogadoebisTvisa Tu Cvens sulier cxovrebaSi. man Camoayaliba is adgilebi, sadac Cven vcxovrobT, vmuSaobT da is cxovrebis xarisxis ganmsazRvrelicaa. es aris yvelaze iolad gasagebi mTxrobeli FCveni istoriisa. iseve rogorc garemos sxva waxnagebi, istoriuli garemo imsaxurebs masze gulmodgine zrunvas.

istoriul garemoze zrunva dinamikuri procesia, romelic moiTxovs cvlilebebis marTvas imisTvis, rom momavali Taobebi mixvdnen, ras vafasebT da gaigon zogi ram maTi fesvebis Sesaxeb. es ar niSnavs yvelaferi Zvelis SenarCunebas, magram iTxovs misi Rirebulebebisa da mniSvnelobis yuradRebiT gansjas. yoveli sakonservacio gadawyvetilebisTvis swored aseTi gansja aris aucilebeli. amisTana gadawyvetilebis safuZvelTa safuZveli imis codnaa, Tu ras aqvs fasi da ratom. mxolod zusti gaazrebiT SegviZlia SevuwyoT xeli mowesrigebas, TanamSromlobas, subsidiebis miRebas Tu sazogadoebrivi seqtoris sxva saxis daxmarebas konservaciisaTvis.

nebismier daskvnas mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb safuZvlad gaazreba udevs. saWiroa imis codna, Tu ratom aris es ase da ara ise. unda vicodeT, rogor aigo nageboba, rogor gadakeTda da rogor iqna gamoyenebuli droTa ganmavlobaSi, ra darCa da ra daikarga. gaazreba Tvalis SevlebiTac SeiZleba da naSeni qsovilis CaZiebuli, detaluri, arqeologiis, istoriis, arqiteqturis, azomvis, ekologiis da sxva specialuri monacemebis analiziTac. samwuxarod, mwiri dafinansebisas, aseTi gaazreba xSirad an zedmet fufunebad miaCniaT an misi saWiroeba maSin vlindeba, rodesac mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba ukve miRebulia.

es ̀ saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ gvacnobs im dadebiT rols, rasac istoriuli nagebobebisa da landSaftis gaazreba asrulebs konservaciaSi. isini imaTTvisaa, visac sakonservacio miTiTebebis mocema avalia da aCvenebs kavSirs gaazrebasa da gadawyvetilebebs Soris, iseve rogorc sxvadasxva analitikuri meTodis wvlils.

`informaciaze dafuZnebuli konservacia~ msjelobis dasawyisia mxolod da ara misi daboloveba. sagani metad mravlismomcveli da rTulia imisTvis, rom igi erTma dokumetma daitios. samagierod, Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom igi waaxalisebs specialistebsa da analitikosebs erTmaneTTan ufro mWidrod iTanamSromlon da xels Seuwyobs konservaciis specialistebs ukeTesad gamoiyenon Tavisi unar-Cvevebi maT yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi.

Cven aseve vimedovnebT, rom `informaciaze dafuZnebuli konservacia~ dasabams miscems Cveni adgilsamyofelis sazogadoebis mier ufro farTod gagebas da Cven, rogorc eri, SevZlebT vasazrdooT is, rasac vafasebT, rogorc mniSvnelovan wvlils, Setanils cvlilebebis procesSi.

ser nil kossonsaRdgomis kvira �00�

- �� -

reziume

Cveni ̀ saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ gawvdiT rCevas istoriuli nagebobebisa da landSaftis gaazrebis meTodebis Sesaxeb da, gansakuTrebiT, rogor unda iqnes is gamoyenebuli sakonservacio proeqtebSi, rogoricaa SekeTeba, gadakeTeba, ganviTareba da menejmenti. rekomendaciebi gankuTvnilia konservaciis specialistebisTvis, rogorebicaa arqiteqtorebi, zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxeleebi, konservaciis moxeleebi, mcvelebi, mgegmavebi, inJinrebi, proeqtis menejerebi, landSaftis arqiteqtorebi, arqeologebi, mSeneblobis ufrosi da, ra Tqma unda, mepatroneebi.

`saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ ramdenime ZiriTad amosavals efuZneba:

• gaazreba aris konservaciis saZirkveli

• gaazrebis gareSe konservacia ugzoukvlo da uazroa.

• winaswari gaazreba sakonservacio gadawyvetilebisTvis saukeTeso dasayrdenia: nage-bobebi da landSafti safuZvlianad unda SeviswavloT manam, sanam SevcvliT maT da ara imitom, rom SevcvliT.

• gaazreba nagebobisa da landSaftis mniSvnelovnebaze dagegmili cvlilebebis zegav-lenis Sefasebisken unda mivmarToT.

• informacias gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba dagegmvisas, romelic aregulirebs mi-wisa da nagebobebis gamoyenebis wesebs

• gaazreba mniSvnelovania nebismier sakonservacio saqmianobaSi, iqneba es yoveldRi-uri movla, menejmenti, debulebiT gansazRvruli mimdinare saqmianoba, SekeTebis proeqtebi an axali ganviTareba.

• gaazrebis sikeTe isicaa, rom is gviCvenebs, Tu rogor SevamsubuqoT damangreveli cvlilebebi da ara win aRvudgeT cvlilebebs, rogorc aseTs.

• gaazreba dinamikuri procesia, romelic grZeldeba proeqtis mimdinareobis maZil-zec da TviT Senobisa Tu garemo landSaftis mTeli arsebobis ganmavlobaSic

• informaciis miwodebas pragmatuli midgoma sWirdeba da maSin da iq unda iyos miwo-debuli, sadac is saWiroa.

sakonservacio gaazreba Seicavs nagebobisa da landSaftis qsovilis guldagul arqeolo-giur analizs. Tumca, arqeologiis garda is sxva dargebsac iSveliebs, rogoricaa azomva, arqiteqturisa da landSaftis istoria, Senobis istoria, dokumentebis Seswavla, arqiteqtu-ris dafervis analizi, dendroqronologia da sxv. gaazrebis saboloo mizani mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvraa. es procesi TandaTan cdeba eqspertebismier Rirebulebebs, raTa dainterese-buli pirebis ufro farTo Sexedulebebic moicvas.

vinaidan am saqmianobis aRmniSvneli termini ar arsebobs, SeirCa Sesityveba _ konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvleva da analizi (kdka), romelic zustad ganisazRvreba, rogorc

gamokvleva, analizi, mimoxilva da Seswavla, romelic aucilebelia nagebobisa da land-Saftis gaazrebisTvis da, amgvarad, gvawvdis informacias SekeTebis, cvlilebebis, gamoyenebisa da menejmentis swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

I nawili ganmartavs, Tu ratom aris gaazreba aseTi mniSvnelovani konservaciis nebismieri mcdelobisas. II nawili migvaniSnebs, rogor gadavwyvitoT, ra saxis informaciaa Sesaferisi ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi. yvelaze xSiri SekiTxva aris `ra odenobis informaciaa saWiro?~ amitom III nawili ganmartavs, rogor unda SevusatyvisoT proeqtis garkveul moTxovnilebebs infor-maciaze moTxovnileba, muSaobis etapebis zusti dadgenis meSveobiT. IV da V nawilebi aRwers, rogor eSveleba gaazreba sxvadasxva sakonservacio proeqtebs, iqneba es debulebiT gansaz-Rvruli mimdinare saqmianoba, movla, SekeTeba Tu menejmenti. VI nawilSi ganxilulia strate-giulad mniSvnelovani dokumentebis ramdenime nimuSi, rogoricaa konservacia/menejmentis gegmebi da debulebebi. da bolos, VII nawili aRwers specifikur analitur xerxebs, romelnic SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.

Cveni ̀ saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ mizani istoriuli nagebobebisa da landSaftis mflo-belebisTvis damatebiTi `tvirTis~ akideba rodia. piriqiT, maTi mizania daexmaros maT, vinc sakonservacio miTiTebebis micema ukve itvirTa, ukeT gaerkvnen, sad da rodis gamodgeba in-

- �� -

formacia. zogjer aseTi midgoma fuls dagvizogavs, radgan is ufro miznobrivad daixarjeba, zogjer ki SekeTebis xarisxs gaaumjobesebs. bolos da bolos, gaazreba fufuneba ar aris, vinaidan konservacia Tavidan bolomde damokidebulia im logikur gaazrebaze, Tu ras aqvs fasi da ratom.

[ganmcxadeblebma] ... unda warudginon sruli informacia gegmarebis adgilobriv samsax-urs, imisTvis, rom man SeZlos SemoTavazebuli proeqtis mosalodneli zegavlenis Sefaseba mocemul arqiteqturul an istoriulad saintereso nagebobasa da mis garemoze ... samsaxurma ar unda ganixilos ganacxadi, sanam mas aseTi gaazrebisTvis sakmarisi informacia ar miewo-deba.

DoW/DNH 1994 gegmarebis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi: dagegmva da istoriu-li garemo. (PPG15) (paragrafi �.� da B.�)

saxelmwifo mdivani Tvlis, rom, raTa saeWvo ar gaxdes, Tu ra saxis informacia unda waradginos ganmcxadebelma, samsaxurma molaparakebis dasawyisidanve zustad unda daadginos, Tu ra informacias moiTxovs imisTvis, rom ganxilul iqnas siaSi Setanili nagebobis pro-eqti.

DETR/DCMC cirkulari 0�/�00� memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli ganacxadebi (��)

Tu adgilobriv gegmarebis samsaxurSi winaswar ganxilvam, an mSeneblis sakuTarma kvlevam aCvena mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri naSTebis arsebobis SesaZlebloba, sasurvelia, gegmarebis samsaxurma moiTxovos momavali mSeneblisgan arqeologiuri adgilis Sefaseba manam, sanam miRebul iqneba gadawyvetileba saproeqto ganacxadis Taobaze. aseTi Sefaseba xels uwyobs arsebuli arqeologiuri naSTebis Rirsebisa da raodenobis da misi SenarCunebisTvis saWiro Zalisxmevis gansazRvras. Sefaseba gvaZlevs informacias, romelic saWiroa, raTa ganvsazRv-Sefaseba gvaZlevs informacias, romelic saWiroa, raTa ganvsazRv-roT zianis minimumamde dayvanis an Tavidan aridebis SesaZlo variantebi. amis safuZvelze unda iqnes miRebuli gaazrebuli da misaRebi sagegmo gadawyvetileba.

DoE 1990 gegmarebiTi politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi: arqeologia da dagegmva (PPG��) (paragrafi ��)

imisTvis, rom miiRos drouli da winaswar ganWvretadi gadawyvetileba mniSvnelovani wi-nadadebis Sesaxeb, romelsac istoriul garemoze eqneba gavlena, mSenebels unda:

• hyavdes profesionalTa jgufi, romelsac xelewifeba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis da/an Senobis mniSvnelovnebis gaazreba mis istoriul konteqtSi

• angariSs uwevdes dasagegni adgilis arqiteqturul, istoriul da arqeologiur Tvisebebs da Sesabamis SesaZleblobebsa Tu SezRudvebs

inglisis memkvidreoba 1995 gegmareba istoriul garemoSi

SekeTebisas nagebobis Tu RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazreba da interpretacia pirveli, metad arsebiTi nabijia. Sesrulebuli samuSaos saTanado angariSic nagebobis SekeTebis pro-gramebis umravlesobisTvis mniSvnelovani etapia. grantze gaTvlili yvela SekeTeba gulisx-mobs ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli odenobis kvleva-Ziebasa da analizs.

inglisis memkvidreoba 2000 saxelmZRvanelo principebi ganmcxadebelTaTvis

- �� -

1. gaazrebis roli konservaciaSisaxelmZRvanelo principebis es nawili ganmartavs, Tu ratom aris gaazreba aseTi mniSvnelovani istoriuli nagebobebisa da landSaftis sapatronod.

1.1 mniSvnelovneba da konservacia

konservaciis arsia gadavceT momaval Taobas is, rasac Rirebulad vTvliT. konservaciis specialistebi cvlilebebs win ki ar eRobebian, aramed maT evalebaT warsulidan awmyoze gadasvla ise moagvaron, rom ziani rac SeiZleba naklebi iyos, sargebeli ki rac SeiZleba meti. amgvarad, konservacia aris procesi, romelic cdilobs cvlilebebSi gaerkvios da SeaTanxmos Tanamedrove moTxovnilebebi mniSvnelovans, rac memkvidreobiT miviReT momavali Taobebis interesTa dasacavad.

adre konservacias SenarCunebasTan aigivebdnen, magram dRes konservacia bevrad ufro dinamikuria da moicavs movlas da SekeTebas da, roca saWiroa, axali Sesaferisi gamoyenebis gamonaxvasac. konservaciaSi Sedis interpretacia, wardgena, miaxleba, axali ganviTareba, marketingi, gamokvleva, Tanxebis moZieba da gamoqveyneba. is cdilobs rogorc saqmis gaadvilebasa da Suamavlobas, aseve wesebis SemoRebasac. dRes konservacia gaxda ufro damamkvidrebeli, xo-myofi, vidre winaaRmdgomi da uar-myofi.

Cven SeiZleba gvsurdes SevinarCunoT bevri ram, iqneba es mogonebebi da tradiciebi, Tu sagnebi da adgilebi, xelSesaxebica da verxelSesaxebic. istoriuli garemo – Senobebi, landSafti, Camarxuli naSTebi da warsuli istoriis sxva materialuri mowmobani – SesanarCuneblis xelSesaxebi ganzomilebaa.

is, rac ganasxvavebs dasacavs imisgan, rac ar unda davicvaT, Rirebuleba da mniS-vnelovnebaa.

mniSvnelovneba nebismieri sakonservacio saqmianobis safuZvelia, rac niSnavs, rom isto-riul garemoSi sazogado Rirebulebas kerZo sakuTrebac warmoadgens. istoriul nagebobebsa da landSafts didi mniSvneloba aqvs mravali kulturismieri mosazrebiT: maTi arqiteqturis, arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis, esTetikuri Tvisebebis, maTi xalxTan da mogonebebTan kavSiris, rwmena-warmodgenebis Tu ubralod siZvelis gamo. isini mogviTxrobs teqnologiis, siaxlee-bis, konfliqtebisa da gamarjvebaTa Sesaxeb. isini SeiZleba sainetreso iyos gamoyenebuli masalisa Tu dekoratiuli damuSavebis, landSaftis, nagebobisa da samosaxlos gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT. mas SeiZleba kerZo, adgilobrivi, regionaluri, xalxuri an saerTaSoriso, an akademiuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba hqondes. maTi Rirebulebani SeiZleba pirobiTad akademiur an mecnierul da `gulmisaval~ Rirebulebebad daiyos, imis mixedviT Tu riT afasebs sazogadoeba im adgilebs an im wvlils, ekonomikuri faseulobebis CaTvliT, rac mocemul adgils Seaqvs cxovrebis xarisxSi.

Tu gvinda aseTi adgilebi warmatebiT SevinarCunoT, aucilebelia maTi mniSvnelovnebis garkveva – ratomaa isini Rirebuli. Tu ar gaviazreT, risTvis Rirs adgilis SenarCuneba, konservacias didi azri aRar eqneba.

nagebobisa da landSaftis SemTxvevaSi maT gasaazreblad Casatarebeli samuSao SeiZleba zedmetad CaiTvalos, radgan movlas da SekeTebas saxsrebi daakldeba (saTqmelic araa, rom yoveldRiuri movla yovelTvis pirvel adgilze unda iyos). miuxedavad amisa, saxsrebis ga-nawilebisas mTavaria swori gaazreba, amis Sedegad SekeTeba ufro efeqtiurad da warmatebu-lad Caivlis da is safrTxe, romelic dakavSirebulia did cvlilebebTan da ZviradRirebul axal samuSaoebTan, bolomde iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli da Sefasebuli. gauazreblobas swore-dac rom zedmeti xarjebi mohyveba.

gaumjobesebuli sakonservacio teqnologiebi, rogoricaa Cveulebrivi masalis gamoy-eneba da naklebi Carevis principi, (ironiulad!) gaazrebis mimarT gularxeinad gangvawyobs, radgan Cndeba rwmena, rom Senoba an RirsSesaniSnavi adgili ar daziandeba, Tu saTanado ma-sala da teqnologia iqna gamoyenebuli. magram aseTi masalis gamoyenebac ki moiTxovs imis codnas, Tu Zvelad ra gamoiyeneboda.

didi Secdomaa, Tu gaazrebas – fiqsaciis saxiT – saWirod Tvlian maSinRa, roca qsovili SeiZleba davkargoT. adgilobrivi mmarTveloba xSirad ayenebs pirobas, dafiqsirebul iqnes siaSi Setanili Senobebis is monakveTebi, romelTac daangreven. zog SemTxvevaSi am etapze es midgomac misaRebia, magram aseTi piroba ver Secvlis mosapovebel informacias da ver iqneba gamoyenebuli manam, sanam mTavari gadawyvetileba ar iqneba miRebuli.

kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, rom gaazreba proeqtirebis SemoqmedebiTi procesis ganuy-

- �� -

ofeli nawili iyos. nebismier istoriul RirsSesaniSnav adgilze axali proeqtireba, iqneba es sruli rekonstruqcia Tu minimaluri SekeTeba, unda imis gagebiT iwyebodes, riTaa gamor-Ceuli esa Tu is midamo. es warmarTavs yvelafers muSaobis masStabidan dawyebuli, masalis da meTodebis SerCeviT damTavrebuli. aseTi gaazreba naTlad gamoTqmulic unda iyos, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sxvebTan urTierToba da muSaoba rTuli iqneba.

da bolos, Tuki konservaciaSi CarTulia sazogadoebrivi resursebi, samuSaos dasrulebisas sazogadoebas unda moxsendes misi saboloo angariSi. konservacias safuZvlad da gasamarTleblad unda hqondes sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebebis gaazreba, romelTa matarebelia esa Tu is adgili.

1.2 rodis aris saWiro informacia?

Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ pirveli cdaa Tavi moeyaros sxvadasxva teqnikasa da midgomas, romelic SeiZleba dagvexmaros, gavigoT SenobaTa da maTi peizaJis mniSvnelovneba, rogorc konservaciis procesis nawili.

inglisSi Senobebisa da maTi mimdebare landSaftebis movlaze sxvadasxva vinme iRebs pa-suxismgeblobas – mesakuTreebi, visac ama Tu im RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisTvis ZiriTadi pa-suxismgebloba awevs da sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, romlebic zrunaven am obieqtebze, sTavazoben grantebs an marTaven miRebul struqturas. Cvens `saxelmZRvanelo principebSi~ mowodebuli meTodebi da midgoma SeiZleba yvela maTgans gamoadges.

Riad unda iTqvas – es `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ ar Cemulobs, TiTqos yovel SemTx-vevas an yovel gadawyvetilebas eqspertTa rCeva mTeli sisavsiT sWirdebodes. ra Tqma unda, eqspertTa rekomendaciebi saWiroa mxolod maSin, roca es gamarTlebuli da aucilebelia. amis miuxedavad, sakonservacio gadawyvetilebebis umravlesoba, romelic gulisxmobs samSeneblo da landSaftis samuSaoebis mniSvnelovan moculobas, moiTxovs, garkveulwilad, konservaciis specialistebis CarTvas, sulerTia, aZleven isini rCevas kerZo pirs Tu iReben monawileobas grantebisa da Tanxmobis miRebasTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebSi.

konservaciis specialists zogadad imdeni unda gaegebodes istoriuli nagebobebisa da landSaftebisa, raTa Tavi gaarTvas sakonservacio SemTxvevebis umravlesobas, rac mas yoveldRiur muSaobaSi Sexvdeba. maT sakmarisi ganswavla da zogadi gamocdileba unda hqon-deT imisTvis, rom SeZlon nagebobisa da mimdebare landSaftis `wakiTxva~ da maTi moqceva ufro farTo istoriul an arqiteqturul konteqstSi. garda amisa, konservaciis specialisti unda grZnobdes samosaxlo erTobis miswrafebebs da faseulobebs. rogorc wesi, es sakmarisi safuZvelia imisTvis, rom mas SeeZlos rCevis micema da gadawyvetilebis miReba.

Tumca, xandaxan aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac konservaciis konsultantis codna an winas-wari informacia ar aris sakmarisi RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazrebisTvis da gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. agreTve, xandaxan is ieWvebs xolme, rom proeqti zians miayenebs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebas, magram amis damamtkicebelad sakmarisi informacia ar moepoveba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ufro meti informaciaa saWiro.

1.3 ranairi informacia aris saWiro?

Tu konservaciis konsultantma gadawyvita, rom mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi informacia an fundamenturi codna sando rekomendaciis misacemad, mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos ramdenime spe-cialuri meTodi imisTvis, raTa gaiazros nagebobisa da landSaftis mniSvnelovneba.

am meTodebSi Sedis

• mSeneblobis, gadakeTebisa da droTa ganmavlobaSi gamoyenebis istoriis dokumen-turi Seswavla

• arqiteqturis istoria, landSaftis istoria, xelovnebis istoria, samrewvelo ar-qeologia, mSeneblobis istoria da sxva disciplinebi, romelic saWiroa nagebobisa da mimdebare landSaftis ufro farTo akademiur konteqstSi Casasmelad.

• vizualuri Sefaseba da aRwera

• anazomebi da gazomva gamosaxulebaTa gamoyenebiT

• cvlilebebis, gadakeTebisa da moxmarebis maCvenebelTa arqeologiuri analizi, gaT-

- �� -

valsaCinoebuli iseTi teqnologiebis moSveliebiT, rogoricaa stratigrafia, faze-bad dayofa da analitikuri naxazebis gamoyeneba

• specialuri kvleva, rogoricaa dendroqronologia, arqiteqturis dafervis gamokv-leva, xis nawilebis da masalis analizi, ekologiuri, geologiuri da a.S. Sefaseba

VII nawilSi ufro dawvrilebiT iqneba axsnili am teqnlogiebis raoba da maTi gamoyeneba sakonservacio miznebisTvis.

eqspertTa Sexedulebebis garda xSirad saWiroa mepatroneTa azris gaTvaliswinebac. mepa-troneTa saqmeSi CarTvis sxvadasxva meTodebi – konsultacia, monawileobis miReba an adgilze Semowmeba –RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebis ganuyofeli nawili unda iyos.

1.4 ra odenobis informacia aris saWiro?

yvela istoriuli nageboba da landSafti rodi moiTxovs dawvrilebiT gaanalizebas misi SekeTebis, ganviTarebis an gadakeTebis Taobaze winadadebebis gamo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. konservaciis konsultantis kvalifikacia mdgomareobs imis codnaSi, Tu rodisaa saWiro dam-atebiTi informacia. mas unda SeeZlos informaciis kategoriisa da odenobis mocemul SemTx-vevasTan SeTanadeba.

saWiro informaciis tipi, rasac moiTxovs nebismieri sakonservacio saqmianoba, damokide-bulia proeqtis zegavlenaze RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovan mxareebze. II nawilSi axs-nilia, Tu es rogor keTdeba.

dadgenili unda iyos saWiro informaciis odenobac. nagebobisa da mimdebare landSaftis gasaazreblad saWiro nebismieri meTodi SeiZleba srulebiT gansxvavebul doneze movixmaroT – zerele mimoxilviT dawyebuli, vidre dawvrilebiT kvlevamde an Canaxatidan detalur naxazamde. sxvadasxva proeqti sxvadasxva informacias moiTxovs. gaazreba SeiZleba miesadagos kerZo proeqts etapebad dayofis meSveobiT, romlebic Seesabameba samSeneblo proeqtebis etapebs, rogorc es III nawilSia warmodgenili.

1.5 vin aris amis pasuxismgebeli?

Tuki gaazreba aqtiurad monawileobs sakonservacio procesis informaciiT dasasafuZvleblad, pasuxilmgeblobas mis gamo yvela inawilebs, vinc ki istoriuli adgilis movlaSia Cabmuli – mflobeli, profesionali konsultantebi, adgilobrivi mmarTveloba, damfinansebeli an mmarTveli organizacia. rogorc qveviT gamoCndeba, zog organizacias am mxriv savsebiT gansakuTrebuli roli SeiZleba mieniWos.

• saxelmwifo organizaciebs, romlebic ganwesebas adgens, afinansebs an marTvis pasux-ismgeblobas kisrulobs, yvelaze meti ufleba aqvs, gansazRvros gaazrebis stand-artebi da meTodebi

• adgilobriv mmarTvelobas, moqmedi dagegmvis kontrolisa da siaSi Setanili Seno-bebis gamo SeTanxmebis meSveobiT, unda hqondes wili sakonservacio konsultaciebSi, agreTve unda SeeZlos, daexmaros ganmcxadeblebs gaigon, raoden sargoa utyuari informacia. maT aseve SeuZliaT miiRon gadawyvetileba Rirs Tu ara ganacxadebis daregistrireba da uaryon is ganacxadebi, romlebic sando gadawyvetilebis mis-aRebad sakmaris informacias ar iZleva.

• konservaciis specialistebma (mag., zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxeleebi, damgeg-mavebi, inJinrebi, mSeneblebi, arqiteqtorebi, arqeologebi an proeqtis menejerebi) unda SesZlon daadasturon, rom maTi rekomendaciebi klientisadmi damyarebulia Senobisa da garemo landSaftis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelovnebis zust gaazrebaze da axali samuSaos proeqtirebis dros es mxarec gaTvaliswinebulia. aseTi samuSaos dawyebisas da marTvis dros maT SeuZliaT: iTavon imis gadawyveta aris Tu ara dam-atebiT specialistebis muSaoba saWiro, amgvari samuSaos dakveTa da gaZRola, misi Sedegebis proeqtirebis procesSi integrirebis uzrunvelyofa.

• moxaliseTa seqtors, regionaluri da adgilobrivi organizaciebis CaTvliT, morw-muneTa jgufsa da sxva sazogadoebriv organizaciebs SeuZliaT adgilobriv saWiro

- �� -

cnobebis moZiebisa da maTTvis mniSvnelovani adgilebis movlaSi monawileobis miRebis gaadvileba

• sazogadoebrivi da kerZo RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis mepatroneebsa da menejerebs gaazrebisas wamZRoli adgili ekuTvniT. maT SeiZleba ufro meti icodnen RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilisa da misi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb, vidre es dokumentaciiTa an gamoceme-biT Candes. codna maTi kuTvnili obieqtebis Sesaxeb RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis movlas met SemarTebas sZens.

mepatrone yovelTvis unda iyos informirebuli da profesionalebi unda iyvnen mzad, gaagebinon mas Tavisi muSaobis Sedegebi. kvlevis, analizis an Seswavlis Sedegebis mepatroneebTan gansaxilvelad daxarjuli dro samuSaos erT-erTi yvelaze sasargeblo aspeqtia.

1.6 vin ixdis safasurs?

Senobisa da garemo landSaftis gaazrebas, ra Tqma unda, danaxarjebi sWirdeba, oRond mniSvnelovania es konteqstSi davinaxoT. kerZod, gaazreba safuZvlad unda edos konservaciaze pasuxismgebeli nebismieri specialistis rCevas, romelic gaicema proeqtis Rirebulebis an efeqtiurobis mixedviT.

droze mowodebuli saTanado informacia, saboloo jamSi, mniSvnelovnad dazogavs mTavari sakonservacio proeqtis drosa da saxsrebs. ZviradRirebuli proeqtebisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dagvianebis albaTobis Semcireba, romelic SeiZleba gamoiwvios damatebiT informaciis mopovebis saWiroebam an SesaTanxmeblad wamoyenebulma pirobebma. gaazrebas ZaluZs Seamciros nebismieri sakonservacio proeqtis Sesworebis didi sazRauri, rasac Tavidan gauTvaliswinebeli samuSaoebi iwvevs. istoriuli mniSvnelovnebis srulyofil gaazrebas dadebiTi wvlili Seaqvs proeqtis menejmentSi.

gegmarebis dadgenil sistemaSi, ganmcxadeblis pasuxismgeblobaSi Sedis, dagegmarebisa da siaSi Setanili nagebobebis gamo Tanxmobis misaRebad, adgilobriv mmarTvelobas ganacxadis dasamtkiceblad sakmarisi informacia miawodos. istoriuli nagebobebisa da garemo landSaftis mSenebeblobis ZiriTadi samuSaoebis damgegmavis profesionali konsultantebi unda darwmundnen, rom damkveTma icis, ra aris mosalodneli, Seamciron danaxarjebi, rac SeiZleba adre saWiro informaciis ragvarobis gansazRvris xarjze da darwmundnen, rom maT moepovebaT (an SeuZliaT gamoimuSavon) ganacxadis winwasawevad saWiro unar-Cvevebi.

saWiro informaciis Rirebuleba, rogorc wesi, mTliani proqetis Rirebulebis mcire nawilia da misi minimumamde dayvana SeiZleba, Tu samuSaos zustad warmarTviT sagangebo kiTxvaris gamoyenebiT (ixileT danarTi �).

1.7 dafinansebis wyaroebi

Tu siaSi Setanili Senoba, daregistrirebuli parki an baRi, an katalogSi Setanili uZve-lesi Zegli Seesabameba `inglisuri memkvidreobis~ sagranto pirobebs, informaciis an gaaz-rebis Rirebuleba, saWiro ganacxadis SesamuSaveblad SeiZleba aseve grantiT movipovoT. sub-sidiebis miReba SeiZleba iseTi msxvili sponsorebisgan, rogorebic arian RvTismsaxurebis adgilebis dafinansebis programa da istoriuli Senobebis, Zeglebis, parkebisa da baRebis grantebis programa, (Joint Grant Scheme for Places of Worship, and the Historic Buildings, Monu-ments, Parks and Gardens Grant Scheme) aseve arqeologiuri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis menej-mentisTvis gankuTvnili grantebidanac.

`inglisis memkvidreoba~ grantebs msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis menejmentis gegmebis mosamzadebladac gascems. SesaZlebelia agreTve mcire daxmarebis gaw-eva im nagebobebis analizisa da aRwerisaTvis, romlebic ar Seesabameba grantebis pirobebs. sakonservacio proeqtisTvis saWiro kvlevis, analizis, Seswavlis an arqeologiis dafinanseba SesaZlebelia sxva damfinansebeli organizaciebis mier, rogoric aris memkvidreobis lata-reis fondi (Heritage Lottery Fund).

“inglisis memkvidreobis~ reginaluri arqiteqtorisa an inspeqtorisgan SeiZleba miviRoT rCeva kvlevis, analizis da Seswavlis Taobaze sagangebo proeqtebisTvis, romelnic grantis miRebis pirobebs akmayofilebs.

- ��7 -

1.8 Cveni “saxelmZRvanelo principebis” masStabi

Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ yuradRebas amaxvilebs meTodebsa da unar-Cvevebze, romelic saWiroa nagebobebisa da mimdebare landSaftis analizisTvis. es vrceli Temaa da Cven mxolod ZiriTad sakiTxebs Tu SeiZleba SevexoT. `saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ gamoyenebisas Semdegic aris sayuradRebo:

�. `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ yuradRebas amaxvilebs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebisadmi midgomaze, gansakuTrebiT nagebobebsa da garemo landSaftze (mimdebare teritoriis CaTvliT). zogi ram sakonservacio arealebis xasiaTis Sefasebazecaa naTqvami, magram aq ar aris ganxiluli didi arealebis strategiuli daxasiaTeba, rogoricaa soflis garemos Sefaseba, qalaqis arqeologiur monacemTa baza an landSaftis daxasiaTeba.

�. `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ sityva `konservacia~-Si sxvadasxva saqmianobas gulisx-mobs, romelic istoriul garemoze zrunvas emsaxureba da ara ubralod SekeTebas. misi sinonimuria iseTi terminebi, rogoricaa `memkvidreobis menejmenti~ anda `kul-turuli obieqtis menejmenti~.

�. arqiteqturisa, arqeologiurisa Tu landSaftis sazogadoebrivi, sulieri, ekonomi-kuri da sxva Rirebulebebis amocnoba konservaciis praqtikaSi ufro da ufro did adgils ikavebs da misi ugulvebelyofa SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom `sax-elmZRvanelo principebSi~ gakvriT Sefasebis sxva meTodebsac SevexebiT, rogoricaa dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileoba, mkiTxvels sxvagvari saxelmZRvaneloc das-Wirdeba. da mainc, SemorCenilis kargi gaazrebaa safuZveli, yvela qmedebisa, ro-melic sxva RirebulebaTa moSveliebasac eswrafvis.

�. Tumca aRwerili principebis gamoyeneba farTodac SeiZleba, magram es dokumenti ar asaxavs CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, Sotlandiasa da uelsSi miRebul wesebsa da meTo-debs.

5. `konservaciis konsultanti~ aRniSnavs nebismier profesionals konservaciis dargSi, romelic iZleva rekomendaciebs mocemuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis Sesaxeb, ro-goricaa siaSi Setanili nageboba an sakonservacio areali. is aZlevs rCevebs kon-servaciis moxeleebs, konservator-arqiteqtorebs, zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxeleebs, mgegmavebs, arqeologebs, inJinrebs, xelosnebs, siZveleTa mcvelebs an landSaftis arqiteqtorebs. sityva `analitikosi~ pirobiTad aRniSnavs adamians, romelsac SeuZlia nagebobebisa da mimdebare landSaftis Seswavla. ra profesiisac unda iyos, igi gamoirCeva kompetenciiT am sferoSi.

�. vinaidan Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebi~ gaTvlilia istoriuli garemos konser-vaciis yvela aspeqtisTvis, iqneba es SeTanxmebis dadgenili proceduris warmarTva, SekeTebisa Tu samuSaoebisTvis grantebis an sazogadoebrivi subsidiebis sxva for-maTa gacema) termini `winadadeba~ miuTiTebs yovelnair ganacxads, siaSi Setanili nagebobis gamo SeTanxmebaze iqneba es Tu grantis misaRebad. “gadawyvetilebis mim-Rebi uwyeba” SeiZleba iyos gegmarebis adgilobrivi samsaxuri Tu nebismieri damfi-nansebeli an mrCeveli organizacia.

7. gauTxrel arqeologiur RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs naklebi yuradReba daeTmo, vidre nagebobebsa da garemo landSafts. saqme isaa, rom gauTxreli arqeologiuri naSTebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi ukeTesad aris dadgenili, vidre Senobebisa. Cvens `saxelmZ-Rvanelo principebSi~ aRwerili mravali qmedeba arqeologebisTvis kargadaa cnobi-li, magram mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom Camarxul naSTebsa da `cocxal~ RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs arsebrivad sxvadasxvagvarad unda movekidoT.

�. amdenad, Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebisTvis~ umTavresi gaazrebaa, rac aucile-belia nagebobebisa da mimdebare landSaftebis samarTavad, mas Semdeg rac isini dacvaze aiyvanes. Senobebis, landSaftis an Zeglebis jgufis farTo kvleva, romelic gamoiyeneba informaciad dacvis statusis miniWebisas (magaliTad, siaSi Sesatanad an dasaregistiteblad) mTliani procesis nawilia, magram aq ganxiluli ar aris.

�. koleqciebi, romelic inaxeba istoriul SenobebSi, naxsenebia, magram detalurad ganxiluli ar aris.

- �� -

1.9 terminebis gansazRvra

erTmniSvnelovnebisa da sicxadis misaRwevad, saWirod miviCnieT gavnsazRvroT ramdenime termini, romelic gaazrebis procesTanaa dakavSirebuli.

jer kidev ar arsebobs erTiani, universalurad aRiarebuli sityva, rom aRniSnos nagebobebisa da mimdebare landSaftis gaazrebis saqmianoba da misi Sesabamisi xeloba.

nagebobisa da mimdebare landSaftis `wasakiTxad~ aucilebelia arqiteqturisa da landSaftis istoriis, Senobis istoriisa da saarqivo wyaroebis gaazreba. saWiroa xelgewifebodeT azomva da Sedegebis naxazebad warmodgena, unda icodeT agreTve arqeologiuri stratigrafiis principebi landSaftsa da nagebobebTan mimarTebiT. Zalian mniSvnelovania imis codna, Tu rodis da ra viTarebaSia saWiro specialuri teqnologiebis gamoyeneba (daTariRebisa, Semowmebisa Tu teqnikuri kvlevisTvis), am teqnologiebis SesaZleblobaTa sazRvrebi da efeqtiuroba, aseve maTi sxva SedegebTan integrirebac.

is, rom arqeologiis disciplina aTavsebs sagans rogorc droiT, ise sivrciT konteqstSi, iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc Senobis proeqtebis moTxovnilebebis da konservaciis filosofiis gaTaviseba. unari moismino, gaamartivo, cxadyo da, Tu saWiroa, gamoxato mosaxleTa erTobis Sexedulebebi, procesis nawilia da am sferoSi specialuri Cvevebia saWiro. da bolos, kargi praqtikosi sxvebsac acnobs samuSaos Sedegebs werilobiT da naxazis formiT da TviT RirsSesaniSnav adgilze momuSave gundis wevrobis meSveobiTac.

Tanamedrove xmarebaSi TiTqmis yvela sityva, romelic aRniSnavs am xelobas, sakmaod SezRudulia. sityvebi ̀ aRnusxva~ an ̀ dokumentacia~ xSirad gamoiyeneba, magram gulisxmobs pasiur saqmianobas, romelic iTvaliswinebs dakargulis an gakeTebulis aRnusxvas da ara konservaciisTvis saWiro informaciis mopovebis aqtiur process. es sityvebi analizis procesis mniSvnelobas amcirebs. SeiZleba amgvari warmodgenebis gamocaa, rom am saqmi-SeiZleba amgvari warmodgenebis gamocaa, rom am saqmi-anobas arasavaldebulod Tvlian da ar aRiareben mas sakonservacio procesis ZiriTad nawilad.

arqeologias SecdomiT, magram mudmivad, ukavSireben miwisqveSa naSTebis gaTxrebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom es aris savsebiT Camoyalibebuli disciplina, romelic upiratesad nivTier mowmobebs Seiswavlis. nagebobebis arqeologia (an analizi) aris Sesaferisi ter-mini, Tuki SevTanxmdebiT, rom samuSao ar Semoifargleba SenobebiT da unda moicavdes maT garemo landSaftis konteqstsac.

danarCeni terminebi azrs sizustiT ver gadmoscems, radgan sxva saqmianobaSi maT sxva sazrisiT iyeneben. magaliTad `Semowmeba~ konservaciaSi SeiZleba niSnavdes yvelafers, azomvasac, Senobis an arealis farTod moxilvasac dacvaze ayvanis win, Cveulebriv ki, sulac mdgomareobis Semowmebas.

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis gaazreba aris akademiur standartebze damyarebuli dis-ciplina. universitetebSi is SeiZleba iswavlebodes, rogorc arqiteqturis istoriis, xelovnebis istoriis, samrewvelo arqeologiis, istoriuli arqeologiis an arqiteqtu-ris nawili, Tumca Sesabamisi magistraturis xarisxi mxolod erTia. landSaftis anal-izi SeiZleba CarTuli iyos landSaftis arqiteqturis, baRebis istoriis an landSaftis arqeologiis kursebSi. aRnusxva da analizi, vrceli saswavlo programis nawilad, Se-dis arquteqturisa da landSaftis konservaciis kursebis umravlesobaSi. sazogadoebis jgufebTan da dainteresebul pirebTan muSaobis meTodebi sxva ganyofilebebze iswav-leba.

sagnis codna profesiuli moTxovnac aris. istoriuli Senobebis konservaciis insti-tutis (Institute of Historic Building Conservation) wevrebma unda gamoamJRavnon (sxva dargebs Soris) teqnologiis (yvela periodis nagebobaTa mSeneblobis codnis CaTvliT), istoriis (istoriuli garemos ganviTarebis codnis CaTvliT, rac, garkveuli azriT, arqeologiaa) da kvlevis/aRnusxvis/analizis codna. savele arqeologiis institutis (Institute of Field Ar-chaeology) wevrebs SeuZliaT airCion, `nagebobaTa aRnusxva da analizi~ rogorc maTi kom-petenciis erT-erTi sfero, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis gaazrebis zogad unarTan erTad. didi britaneTis konservaciis institutSi (The UK Institute for Conservation) aris calke seqciebi, sadac Seiswavlian Senobis (qvisa da kedlis mxatvrobis CaTvliT), liTonis da feradi minis, mooqrvis konservacias.

- �� -

swori terminis moZebna martooden semantikiT TamaSi rodia. iqneb imis gamo, rom ar aris erTiani, sayovelTaod miRebuli termini, SeiZleba daiviwyon misi wili pro-eqtis dagegmvaSi, misi mniSvnelovneba ar aris aRiarebuli da danaxarjebi ar aris Car-Tuli proeqtis biujetSi. isini, visac gaaCnia mravaldisciplinaruli unarebi SeiZleba uyuradRebod darCnen, radgan ar ganekuTnebian arc erT cnobil profesiul katego-rias. naTeli moTxovnilebis gareSe, kursebi ver ikrebs saWiro raodenobis msmenelebs da ver moxdeba momavali TaobebisTvis unar-Cvevebis gadacema. amave dros, konservaciis gamoucdelma specialistebma SeiZleba amtkicon, rom maT yvelafris gakeTeba SeuZliaT, ris gamoc iflangeba damkveTis dro da fuli.

erTmniSvnelovnebisTvis, sityva `gaazreba~ gamoyenebulia istoriuli nagebobisa da landSaftis `kiTxvis~ zogadi unaris asaRwerad. es unari unda hqondes konservaciis yvela karg specialists, rac azrianobas SesZens mis muSaobas. amis garda, saWiro gaxda specialuri terminis SemoReba, romelic aRniSnavs am samuSaos, romelsac specialists formalurad ukveTaven.

gamoTqma `konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvleva da analizi~ niSnavs:

Seswavlas, analizs, Semowmebas da Ziebas, romelic saWiroa Senobisa da garemo landSaftis mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebisTvis, romelic waadgeba SekeTebis, gada-keTebis, gamoyenebisa da menejmentis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

am saqmianobis abreviatura aris kdka, pirobiTi termini ki, romelic aRwers am samuSaoSi (sulerTia, landSaftsa Tu SenobebTan mimarTebiT) daxelovnebul adamians `analitikosi”-a. sxva terminebis leqsikoni aris ganTavsebuli danarT 3-Si.

2. cvlilebebis marTva

`saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ es nawili uCvenebs, rogor SeiZleba memkvidreobaze zegavlenis Sefasebis gamoyeneba sakonservacio gadawyvetilebisTvis saWiro informaciis amosacnobad.

sakonservacio saqmianobis programis, iqneba es SekeTeba, gadakeTeba Tu axali ganviTareba, pirveli nabiji RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazrebaa. gaazrebisTvis saWiro informaciis saxis da odenobis dadgena yovelTvis ar aris advili.

yvelaze martivi pasuxi iqneboda, rom konservaciis konsultants unda hqondes sakmarisi informacia imisTvis, rom gaigos ra zegavlena eqneba ganacxads RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul Tvisebebsa da mniSvnelovnebaze. am process zegavlenis Sefasebas uwodeben da is nebismieri sakonservacio gadawyvetilebis gulisgulia. zegavlenis Sefaseba damokidebulia nagebobisa da garemo landSaftis gaazrebaze da, amgvarad, is SeiZleba gamodges imis naTelsayofad, ra saxis informaciaa aucilebeli, Cveni codnis umTavresi xarvezebis amosavsebad.

rodesac konservaciis specialisti, zegavlenis Seafasebis meSveobiT, daadgens saWiroa Tu ara damatebiTi informacia da Tu aris, rogori unda iyos is mocemul SemTxvevaSi, maSin imazec SeiZleba msjeloba, ra odenobis informacia unda moiTxovoT. amis Sesaxeb III nawilSi iqneba saubari.

2.1 zemoqmedebis Sefaseba

rodesac konservaciis specialisti aZlevs rekomendaciebs damkveTs an sazogadoebriv organizacias winadadebaTa mTeli rigis Sesaxeb, is jer amowmebs informacias da cdilobs daadginos, ra aris mocemul SenobaSi da garemo landSaftSi mniSvnelovani da ra zegavlena eqneba masze am winadadebebs. amis mere mas gamoaqvs daskvna, Tu ramdenad sasikeToa mocemuli winadadebebi.

- ��0 -

zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ar aris raime gansakuTrebuli, uCveulo an rTuli procesi. es aris ubralod kodifikacia ZiriTadi analizisa, romelsac asrulebs konservaciis yvela kompetenturi specialisti. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba Cveulebriv keTdeba sarekomendacio werilis formiT Sesabamisi organosgan, magaliTad, inglisis memkvidreobis saxeliT, konservaciis moxelis moxsenebaSi komitetis mimarT an rekomendaciis saxiT ganviTarebis kontrolis moxelisadmi, an arqiteqtorisa Tu inspeqtoris teqnikuri angariSis saxiT grantis winadadebis dasadastureblad. iseTma organizaciebma, rogoricaa memkvidreobis latareis fondi (Heritage Lottery Fund), SeiZleba sTxovos ganmcxadeblebs, rom RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sagangebo Rirsebebze winadadebis zegavlenis Sefaseba winadadebis wardgenis procesis nawilad iqces. axlac iSviaTia, rom istoriulad RirsSesaniSnav adgilze zegavlenis Sefaseba moxdes gaSlilad, oficialurad dawerili dokumentis saxiT, ise rogorc miRebulia garemos sxva sakiTxebSi.

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba, ra Tqma unda, xSirad gamoiyeneba miwaTsargeblobis dagegmvis procesSi, romelic Seexeba garemos mTlianobaSi. garemos zegavlenis Sefaseba afasebs, Tu raa mosalodneli mTavari proeqtis (an sxva qmedebis) Sedegad, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bunebriv da xelqmnil garemoze. amis kvalad gveqneba gaazrebuli gadawyvetileba da sargeblobac. garemos, transportisa da regionTa departamenti garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebas ganmartavs, rogorc

saSualebas sistematurad moeyaros Tavi garemoze proeqtis SesaZlebeli zegav-lenis Sefasebas. es gvexmareba davrwmundeT, rom mosalodneli Sedegebis mniSvnelo-ba da maTi Semcirebis mondomeba mTlianad aris gaazrebuli samosaxleobebisa da Se-sabamisi organoebis mier manam, sanam gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli (DETR prospeqti 02/99 paragrafi 9)

es prospeqti aseve gvauwyebs, rom

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba exmareba proeqtantebs ama Tu im proeqtis mosa-lodneli Sedegebis adreve dadgenaSi. misi gamoisobiT moxdeba ganviTarebis dageg-marebisa da proeqtirebis gaumjobeseba, orive mxaris mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis, konsultirebisa da masze sapasuxo reagirebis gaumjobeseba (metadre Tu mas axlavs adreve Catarebuli konsultaciebic adgilobriv gegmarebis sammarTvelosa Tu sxva dainteresebul organizaciebTan, muSaobis sawyis etapze). garda amisa, garemoze zegav-lenis Sefaseba proeqtantebisTvis ganviTarebisTvis alternatiuli midgomis GgasaT-valiswineblad sasargeblo saSualebaa. amis Sedegad, saboloo winadadeba ekologiu-rad ufro misaRebi iqneba da amitomac sagegmo nebarTvis misaRebadac ganacxadi ufro sando iqneba. garemos Sesaxeb informaciis ufro meToduri gziT warmodgena aseve gau-advilebs adgilobriv dagegmarebis sammarTvelos Seafasos ganacxadi da Seadginos dagegmvis Sesaferisi pirobebi ufro swrafi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad (paragrafi 14).

- �� -

garemoze zemoqmedebis oficialuri Sefasebis procedura winadadebaTa gansazRvruli tipis mimarT gamoiyeneba, romelnic warmodgenilia DETR prospeqtSi 0�/��, romelic emyareba garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis evropul direqtivas (sadireqtivo ��/��7/EEC Sesworebulia rogorc 97/11/EEC).

aq imaze ar aris laparaki, rom istoriul garemoze zegavlenis mqone proeqtebis um-ravlesobas sWirdeba an sargeblobas moutans garemoze zemoqmedebis oficialuri Sefasebis procedura. miuxedavad amisa, zemoqmedebis Sefasebis zogadi principebi nebismieri masStabis yovel proeqts mieyeneba da maTi sasargeblod gamoyeneba SeiZleba istoriuli garemos cvli-lebebze fiqris gaadvilebisTvis.

axla muSavdeba agreTve zemoqmedebis erTiani Sefasebis meTodebic. maTi mizania mniS-vnelovnebis sxvadasxva saxis SeTavseba, iqneba es kulturuli, ekologiuri, ekonomikuri Tu sazogadoebrivi, isini aRiarebs rom `cxovrebis xarisxis~ arsebobaa mTavari da cdilobs sargebloba rac SeiZleba gazardos. Tu kulturasa an memkvidroebaze zegavlena am vrcel procesSi unda iqnes integrirebuli, mniSvnelovania pirvel rigSi memkvidreobaze zmoqmedebis Sefasebis umTavresi principebis dadgena.

2.2 saWiroeba da dasabuTeba

Tu konservaciis mizania gadasces momaval Taobebs is, rac Rirebulia, ese igi, es Rirebulebani mis procesSi ar unda daziandes. nebismieri samuSaos saWiroeba, romelsac SesaZloa istoriul garemoze mniSvnelovani zegavlena hqondes, unda dadgindes adreul etapzeve. es imas ar niSnavs, rom istoriuli garemo arasdros unda Seicvalos, magram Tu axali samuSaoebi daakninebs imas, rac sinamdvileSi sazogadoebriv Rirebulebas warmoadgens, am samuSaos unda hqondes kargad gafiqrebuli dasabuTeba. Tuki sxvadasxva variantebis Sefaseba ukve Catarebulia da ganmcxadebelma ganixila miznis miRwevis da alternatiuli, naklebad damazianebeli gzebi, magram isini uaryo rogorc arapraqtikuli, saqmes waadgeba dasabuTebaSi isic iyos CarTuli.

saWiroebis an dasabuTebis oficialurad wardgena sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba. dagegmvis meTodebis saxelmZRvanelo 15: dagegmva da istoriuli garemo (PPG 15) moiTxovs siaSi Setanili nagebobebis SesaTanxmeblad ganmcxadeblebma daasabuTon maTi winadadebebi (paragrafi �.�), xolo axali Faculty Jurisdiction Rules (�000) aseve moiTxovs saWiroebis damtkicebas. garemoze zegavlenis Sefasebis pirveli etapi sxvadasxva alternatiuli gadawyvetilebis Seswavlaa. unarSezRudulTaTvis misasvlelis mowyobis winadadebaTa gadaxedvisas, pirvelad arsebuli Senobis misasvleli unda Semowmdes.

2.3 samuSaos gamokveTa

rodesac samuSaos saWiroeba dadginda da sxva variantebi uaryofil iqna, zegavlenis Sefasebis Semdegi etapia samuSaos tipis gansazRvra. xandaxan konservaciis specialistisTvis saocrad rTulia warmodgenili informaciiT imis mixvedra, Tu mainc raa SemoTavazebuli Senobisa Tu garemo landSaftisTvis. rac ufro zustad aris samuSao gansazRvruli, miT ufro iolia RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul Tvisebebze winadadebis zegavlenis dadgena. amasTan, ganmcxadebelma SeiZleba daizaros, daamuSavos gegma ufro detalurad, Tu eWvobs, rom proeqts mTlianobaSi ar moiwoneben.

ganmcxadebelma unda scados, rac SeiZleba naTlad gamoTqvas, ra tipis fizikur samuSaos sTavazobs is. Tavis mxriv, es daexmareba specialists ufro swrafad da efeqtiurad daamuSa-vos ganacxadi. dadgenil sistemaSi, PPG 15-Si warmodgenilia ramdenime rekomendacia saWiro informaciis Sesaxeb (ix. qveviT, �.�). mravali damfinansebeli organizacia, rogorc wesi, aT-avsebs Tavis moTxovnebs ganacxadis blankSi.

2.4 mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvra

Semdegi etapia RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebaze samuSaos zegavlenis Sefaseba. Cveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ I nawilSi naTqvanmia, rom mniSvnelovneba gamomdinareobs im Rirebulebidan, romelsac vaniWebT ama Tu im adgils da rom mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba aris nebismieri sakonservacio gadawyvetilebis safuZveli. rac ufro naTlad aris dasaxuli

- �� -

mniSvnelovneba, miT ufro advilia marTva da miReba gadawyvetilebisa cvlilebebis Taobaze. Tu Senoba da garemo landSafti dacvazea ayvanili (mag., siaSi Setanili Senoba,

sakonservacio areali, aRricxuli uZvelesi Zegli, daregistrirebuli parki an baRi), es miuTiTebs misi landSaftis mniSvnelovnebas da misi dacvaze ayvanis mizezs. siaSi Setanili Senobebi warmoadgens `gansakuTrebul arqiteqturul an istoriul Rirebulebas~, aRricxuli uZvelesi Zegli ̀ erovnul mniSvnelobas~, xolo sakonservacio arealebi ganisazRvreba, rogorc `xasiaTi an ieri, romlis Senaxva an gaumjobeseba sasurvelia.~ landSaftis menejmentis dros da cvlilebebis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, SeiZleba saWiro iqnes mniSvnelovnebis ufro detaluri Sefaseba.

memkvidreobismieri obieqti SeiZleba sxva mizezebis gamoc iyos mniSvnelovani – magaliTad, mas SeiZleba hqondeT adgilobrivi mniSvneloba an iyos mniSvnelovani garkveuli samosaxlo erTobebisTvis. dacvaze ayvanis dokumentSi es yovelTvis ar aris miTiTebuli, magram Tu konservaciis specialists pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba aqvs, is ar unda moeridos amgvari Rirebulebis aRiarebas da moSveliebas. amgvari Rirebulebis gamo landSaftisTvis SeiZleba iseTma organizaciebma gaiRon dafinanseba, rogoricaa `memkvidreobis latareis fondi~.

mniSvnelovnebis SefasebisTvis araerTi xerxi arsebobs. aseTia, magaliTad, mniSvnelovnebis dadgena, konservaciis gegmebi an gancxadebebi, an sakonservacio arealebis Sefaseba. am procedurebis damatebiTi detalebi VI nawilSi ganixileba. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi dokumentebi araCveulebrivi Rirebulebisaa nebismieri, didi Tu patara, landSaftis menejmentis dros, praqtikaSi, kerZo sakuTrebaSi myofi istoriuli nagebobebisa da mimdebare landSaftis umravlesobas aseTi dokumentebi ar gaaCnia da, saeWvoa, rom rodesme iqneba maTi Sedgenis saSualeba.

yoveldRiuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas konservaciis specialistma ubralod unda gairkvios, ra mxriv moaxdens winadadeba zegavlenas landSaftis mniSvnelovnebaze. amis gansaxorcieleblad man unda icodes zemoqmedeba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis romel nawilze modis. rogorc wesi, es ganisazRvreba rogorc ram materialuri – magaliTad, iataki, kedlebi, baRis romelime nakveTi, magram saqme nakleb xelSesaxeb ramesac exeba, mag., RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis ganlagebas, adgilis xedsa da misgan gadasaxeds, an am adgilze xalxis daSvebas.

rodesac dazianebuli qsovilis Tvisebebi (an sxva aspeqti) dadgenilia, konservaciis spe-cialistma unda gansazRvros am qsovilis mniSvnelovneba. Rirebuleba ramenairad unda uka-vSirdebodes materialur qsovils (an RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sxva aspeqts, rogoricaa misi ganlageba), radgan gadawyvetileba am qsovilis Sesaxeb aris misaRebi. maSinac ki, rodesac es Rirebulebebi didwilad xelSeuxebelia, maTi Rirebuleba SeiZleba materialuradac warmo-Cindebodes. Tu gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb an sxva dokumenti xelmisawvdomi ar aris, specialistma unda moiSvelios

• dacvaze ayvanis dokumenti

• ganmcxadeblis mier moZiebuli informacia, kvlevis an Sefasebis CaTvliT

• sakuTari codna da gamocdileba

• samosaxloebebis problemebis codnaimisTvis, rom gansazRvros imis mniSvnelovneba, razec moxdeba zegavlena.

2.5 zemoqmedebis dadgena

rodesac konservaciis specialisti gansaZRvravs dazianebuli qsovilis an aspeqtis mniSvnelovnebas, saWiroa masze proeqtis zemoqmedebis ufro detaluri Seswavla. arsebiTad, es istoriuli nagebobisa da landSaftisTvis riskis Sefasebaa.

zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos sasikeTo an saziano. winadadebaTa umetesoba sxvadasxva zemoqmedebis nazavs moicavs da konservaciis specialistis erT-erTi movaleobaa sasikeTo zemoqmedebis gazrda da uaryofiTis Semcireba. maT unda moindomon imis garkveva, xom ar iqneba axali samuSaoebi sarisko RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis arsebuli nawilebisTvis, mag., Seuferebeli masalebis moxmarebis gamo. SeiZleba iyos aseve grZelvadiani, an jaWvuri zegavlena axal sa-SeiZleba iyos aseve grZelvadiani, an jaWvuri zegavlena axal sa-muSaoebze, rogoric aris remontis gagrZeleba an menejmentis dabrkoleba.

winadadebis Seswavlisas konservaciis specialistma unda yuradRebiT naxos sad unda gan-Tavsdes da ranairi iqneba SemoTavazeba, masalis gamoyeneba da teqnologiebis arCevani. isini

- �� -

unda Seecadon, gansazRvron dangrevis, istoriuli qsovilebis gaTxrebisa an danakargis ode-noba, interieris damuSaveba da axali samuSaos zegavlena RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis ganlagebasa da ierze. isev da isev, rac ufro naTlad aris Camoyalibebuli winadadeba, miT ufro advilia zemoqmedebis Sefaseba.

2.6 zemoqmedebis Sesusteba da Semcireba

rodesac konservaciis specialists Camouyalibdeba naTeli azri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul Tvisebebze winadadebis mosalodneli zegavlenis Sesaxeb, mas unda SeeZlos imis gadawyveta, aris Tu ara programa misaRebi, sul cota, memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT.

aris SemTxvevebi, roca winadadebi miuRebelia, radgan maT RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisTvis imdenad saziano Sedegebi moyveba, rom maTi Semcireba yvelanairad SeuZlebelia. am SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebelsa an klients rac SeiZleba adre unda Seatyobinon amis Sesaxeb. imisTvis, rom naklebi dro da energia daixarjos, mas aseTi gadawyvetilebis mizezebi unda ecnobos. Tu winadadebaSi Sereulia sasikeTo da damazainebeli elementebi, konservaciis gamocdili specialisti Seecdeba, daexmaros ganmcxadebels an klients RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis dazianebis gareSe miaRwion mizans.

process, romlis drosac eZeben xerxebs garemos dazianebis Sesamcireblad an Tavidan asacileblad zemoqmedebis Sesusteba ewodeba. sinamdvileSi, zemoqmedebis Sesusteba aris zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesis mTavari mizani, gansakuTrebiT, Tu konservacia gulisxmobs cvlilebis marTvas da ara Tavidan acilebas.

istoriuli nagebobebsa da garemo landSaftze SesaZlebeli saziano zemoqmedebis Sesustebis bevri sxvadasxva xerxi arsebobs, iseTi, rogorc

alternatiuli gzebis ganxilvaTu winadadeba SeiZleba damazianebeli gamodges, pirvel rigSi, cdiloben sxva gzis mignebas,

imave miznis misaRwevad. amis gakeTeba SeiZleba mTlianad programis strategiul doneze anda proeqtirebisas detalebis SecvliT. magaliTad, Tu liftis damontajeba istoriul interierSi Zlier daazianebs Senobis iersa da gansakuTrebul Tvisebebs, saWiroa alternatiuli xerxis povna imave miznis misaRwevad. maSin informacia pirvel sarTulze an ufro advilad misadgom SenobebSi unda veZioT. xandaxan samuSaos saWiroebis gadamowmeba (ix. zemoT) gvapovninebs alternatiul gzebs. zogjer problemas sxva mxridan sWirdeba gafiqreba.

frTxili proeqtirebazemoqmedebis Sesustebas proeqtirebis procesSi mTavari adgili ukavia. gamocdili

konservator-arqiteqtoris erT-erTi unari imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kargi proeqti RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis arsebuli mniSvnelovnebis Seuryvnelad Seasrulos. SeiZleba axali damxmare saTavsebi davaciloT mgrZnobiare zedapirs, istoriul xis nawilebsa an Camarxul naSTebs. damatebiTi farTobebi ise unda daproeqtdes, rom maTi masStabi da moculobiToba Seezardos arsebul nagebobas, xolo manqanebis gasaCerebeli ise moTavsdes, rom ar waryvnas istoriulad Camoqnili landSafti. axali samuSaos kargi proeqti – SekeTebis, gadakeTebis Tu ganviTarebis – erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani xerxia istoriuli adgilebis dazianebis Tavidan asacileblad.

drois SerCeva da meTodologiaxandaxan samuSao SeiZleba Sesruldes ise an iseT dros, rom Semcirdes an Tavidan iqnes

acilebuli damazianebeli zemoqmedeba. magaliTad, saxuravis SekeTeba SeiZleba maSin, roca es ar emuqreba Ramurebis kolonias, an samuSao Sesruldes ise, rom ar Tanxvdes momsvlelTa mozRvavebis anda sazogadoebisgan obieqtis gamoyenebis periodebs.

masalis arCevarogorc proeqtirebis procesis nawili, axali samuSaosTvis masalis amorCeva an mocemuli

namuSevris SekeTeba istoriuli nagebobisa da landSaftis dazianebis Tavidan acilebis kidev erTi xerxia. Seuferebelma masalam SeiZleba daazianos xedi an konstruqciuli simrTele.

- �� -

Seqcevadi samuSao sasurvelia, rom istoriul Senobasa da landSaftSi Sesrulebuli axali namuSevari

Seqcevadi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom igi SeiZleba iqnes damontaJebuli an moSorebuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebaze samudamo zegavlenis gareSe.

2.7 kdka-s mniSvneloba RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze zemoqmedebis Sesustebis TvalsazrisiT

Zalian xSirad SesaZlebeli zianis Sesusteba SeiZleba istoriuli Senobisa da garemo landSaftis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis ukeT Seswavlis meSveobiT da am codnis proeqtirebis procesSi SetaniT. gaazreba xSirad zemoqmedebis Sesustebis safuZvelia da saTanado informa-cia, romelic moZiebulia aucilebeli gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, dagegmvas Zalian exmareba.

konservaciis yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi ufro xSirad ganacxadi, dacvaze ayvanis dokumen-ti da konservaciis specialistis sakuTari codna uzrunvelyobs sakmaris informacias zemox-senebuli zemoqmedebis Sefasebis gaTvaliswinebiT muSaobisas. damatebiTi kvleva, analizi an Seswavla saWiro xdeba Sefasebis dros, Tu konservaciis specialisti Tvlis, rom zemoqmedeba mosalodnelia, magram mas amaSi dasarwmuneblad ar aqvs sakmarisi informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zemoqmedeba moyveba samuSaos an zemoqmedebis Sesamcireblad ra xerxs unda mimarTos.

magaliTad, ganmcxadebels surs Senobis SekeTeba, magram konservaciis specialistma zus-tad ar icis, ram gamoiwvia Seqmnili viTareba da, amgvarad, ar SeuZlia samuSaos saWiroebis dadastureba an Sesaferisi SekeTebis teqnologiis arCeva. amitom, aucilebelia Catardes damatebiTi teqnikuri gamokvleva.

sxva ganmcxadebels SeiZleba surdes istoriuli interieris axlad gawyoba, magram spe-cialisti ar aris darwmunebuli, Tu SemorCa Tu ara istoriuli saRebavi da, amgvarad, arc qsovilis mniSvnelovneba icis da arc masze winadadebis zemoqmedeba. SesaZlebelia arqiteqtu-ris dafervis Seswavla da imis dadgena, rogor imoqmedebs Zveli saRebavis Camofxeka winandel Seferilobaze.

mesakuTres SeiZleba moundes istoriuli sofluri sameurneo Senoba sacxovreblad gadaa-keTos da warmoadgens winadadebas da Senobis axlandeli mdgomareobis naxazebs. konservaciis specialisti Tvlis, rom am proeqts SeuZlia sargeblobis motana SenobisTvis axali funqciis mofiqrebis gamo, magram eSinia, rom konservaciis specifikuri zemoqmedeba avnebs Senobis sasoflo-sameurneo xasiaTs. axali proeqtis Sesasruleblad SeiZleba saWiro iyos Senobis istoriis Seswavla da Senobis ufro detaluri anazomebi.

es kdka-s is magaliTebia, romlebic dagexmarebaT proeqtirebasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. xandaxan saWiroa imis dafiqsireba, rac daikarga, magram es yovelTvis ukanaskneli gamosavalia da ar unda iqnes winaswar gamoyenebuli xelmisawvdomi informaciis magivrad (damatebiTi detalebi warmodgenilia qveviT, ix. �.�.�, �.7 da �.�).

zemoqmedebis Sefasebasa da moTxovnil informacias Soris mimarTeba garkveuli rigis winadadebebSi ukeT Cans memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis tabulaSi. tabulis svetebi gamosaxavs zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesis ZiriTad etapebs – samuSaos gansazRvras, mniS-vnelovnebis Sefasebas, zemoqmedebis dadgenas da zemoqmedebis Sesustebis dadgenas. moTxovne-bi informaciis mimarT SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili calke svetSi an zemoqmedebis Sesustebis svetSi. tabula xelsayrelia, radgan moklea, advilad wasakiTxi da process awesrigebs. is gan-sakuTrebiT gamosadegia codnis xarvezebis dasadgenad. is agreTve garantias gvaZlevs, rom nebismieri informaciis (an kdka) moTxovnileba uSualod aris dakavSirebuli proeqtTan.

tabula SeiZleba Seefardos nebismier samuSaos da detalebis nebismier raodenobas, zogad winadadebebsac da dawvrilebiT specifikaciasac. svetebis raodenobis gazrda da dawyoba saWiroebisamebr SeiZleba, Tuki daculia aucilebeli Sefardeba winadadebas, mniSvnelovne-bas, zemoqmedebas, informaciasa da zemoqmedebis Sesustebas Soris.

am nawilis dasawyisSi daisva SekiTxva `ra odenobis informacia aris saWiro Senobisa da garemo landSaftis gasaazreblad?~ pasuxi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sakmarisi informacia saWiroa imisTvis, raTa konservaciis specialistma SeZlos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Tvisebe-bze proeqtis zegavlenis Sefaseba da daadginos yvela is gza, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebe-lia zemoqmedebis Sesusteba an misi Tavidan acileba.

kdka-s nebismieri nawili, romelic ganxorcielebulia konservaciis procesSi, mTliani struqturisa Tu landSaftis gaazrebis ufro farTo konteqstSi unda movaqcioT. Tu kvl-

- �� -

eva metismetadaa `mibmuli~ garkveul winadadebas, magaliTad, warmodgenilia SesakeTebeli galavnis ramdenime kvadratuli metris naxazi da meti araferi – saboloo Sedegi ar iqneba sakmarisi marTebuli daskvnisTvis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb. analizis programa agreTve advilad unda miesadagos samoqmedo gegmis cvlilebebsac. kdka-s nebismieri programis mTavari mizania mniSvnelovnebis gaazreba.

maSasadame, konservaciis specialistis erT-erTi umTavresi unari da pasuxismgeblobaa saWiro informaciis raobisa da odenobis dadgena. manve unda uzrunvelyos, rom gadaw-yvetilebis miRebis procesi gamWvirvale da gasagebi iyos.

SemoTavazebuli samuSao

Sesabamisi qsovilis

mniSvnelovneba

samuSaos SesaZlo

zemoqmedeba

kdka-s informacia

zemoqmedebis Sesustebis

SesaZlebloba

arqiteqtoris an inspeqtoris

gegmebidan

axseniT, ratom aris qsovili

mniSvnelovani

gadawyviteT, Caagdebs Tu

ara safrTxeSi winadadeba

qsovils

dazianebis Sesustebis

xerxebi

interieris axlad gamarTva

me-�� s-is Senoba, sadac SeiZleba iyos istoriuli feradovneba

zedapiris gawmendisas SesaZloa istoriuli ferebis dazianeba

interieris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamdeaucilebelia arqiteqturuli saRebavis Seswavla

istoriuli feradovnebis zedapiris minimaluri damuSaveba da dafarva

fanjris CarCos SekeTeba

SenobaSi Casmulia me-�� s-is CarCoebi;

mcire zegavlena _ SekeTebis teqnologiebi misaRebia

ar aris ar aris

oranJereas kafed an mnaxvelTa centrad gadakeTeba

savaraudod, me-�� s-isaa;SemorCenilia gaTbobis Tavda-pirveli sistema

SesaZloa didi iyos _ axali danadgarebi daazianebs iataks, sivrcis danawevreba

Senobis ufro detaluri Sefaseba + naxazebi programisgagrZelebamde

mofiqreba, aris Tu ara xelmisawvdomi damatebiTi informacia

Sadrevnis sxva adgilze rekonstruqcia

Sadrevani warmoadgens me-�7 s-is landSaftis nawils. sayuradReboa me-�7 s-is mniSvnelovani skulptura

Zlieri _ landSaftiserTianobis darRveva, qsovilisSesaZlebeli dazianeba

sasurvelia damatebiTi informaciis moZieba, magram ar aris mosalodneli mniSvnelovnebis Sefasebis Secvla

SeuZlebelia _ winadadebamiuRebelia

tabula 1 memkvidreobaze zegavlenis Sefasebis tabula

- �� -

3. gaazreba did proeqtebTan mimarTebiTam nawilSi ganmartebulia, rogor SeiZleba kdka-s misadageba konservaciis

didi proeqtebis moTxovnebTan

3.0 aucilebeli minimaluri informacia

statusis mqone RirsSesaniSnav adgilze muSaobis nebismier ganacxads, romelic wesisaebr gulisxmobs SeTanxmebas an dafinansebis Txovnas, unda axldes informaciis minimaluri ode-noba. am martivi samuSaosTvis sasurvelia

• Senobis yvela im sarTulis gegmebis, ganakveTis da fasadis anazomebi, sadac ganz-raxulia samuSaos Catareba. landSaftis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa misi arsebuli gegma.

• SemoTavazebuli samuSaos Semdeg Secvlili nagebobis (an landSaftis) Tu samomavlo ganviTarebis amsaxveli naxazebi

Semdgomi gamosadegi informacia moicavs

• gancxadebas, romelic ganmartavs samuSaos saWiroebasa da dasabuTebas

• fotosuraTebs

• aRweris, dagegmarebis dokumentis, registraciis an dacvaze ayvanis sxva dokumentis aslebs

• samuSaoebis ganrigs da SemoTavazebul meTodikas

xSirad minimaluri informacia – Semtkicebuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis monaxulebiT, miwodebuli informaciis sisworis dasadgenada da Sesamowmeblad, kidev rame xom araa gamosarkvevi – konservaciis specialistisTvis sakmarisia proeqti rom win wawios.

SesaZloa gaCndes damatebiTi informaciis saWiroeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

• minimaluri informacia ar aris sakmarisi RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Tvisebebze pro-eqtis zegavlenis dasadgenad

• aris imis albaToba, rom zogi an yvela samuSao zians moutans Senobisa da gare-mo landSaftis gansakuTrebul Tvisebebs da damatebiTi informacia Seamcirebs am zians.

memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesi, romelic warmodgenilia II nawilSi, dagexmarebaT, gansazRvroT ra tipis informacia gWirdebaT. dadgenili etapebis meSveobiT es informacia SeiZleba miesadagos didi proeqtis gansakuTrebul saWiroebas.

didi proeqtebis umetesoba gaivlis rig etapebs, romelnic iwyeba proeqtis inicirebiT, Semdeg modis variantebis Sefaseba, zogadi gegma, proeqtis ganviTareba, savaldebulo da sxva SeTanxmeba, detaluri specifikacia, RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze muSaoba da monitoringi, saan-gariSo moxseneba da proeqtis Semdgomi ganxilva.

amis Sesasruleblad, kdka SeiZleba daiyos vrcel `etapebad~, romelnic daemTxveva pro-eqtis menejmentis saWiroebas. es etapebi dasawyisisTvis ubralod rekomendaciebia, amosavali da ara xisti yalibi, romelsac nebismier viTarebaSi unda miesadagon.

es etapebia

pirveli etapi: Sefasebameore etapi: winaswaruli kvlevis Catarebamesame etapi: mizanmimarTuli sagangebo kvlevameoTxe etapi: analizi samuSaoebis msvlelobaSimexuTe etapi: angariSgeba, arqivSi Setana da gamoqveyneba

tabula � am etapebs ufro detalurad uCvenebs

- ��7 -

3.1 pirveli etapi: Sefaseba

proeqtebis umetesoba iwyeba ganxorcielebadobisa da proeqtis gansazRvris etapiT. pro-eqtis menejeri amowmebs, ramdenad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mocemuli proeqti da ra dab-rkolebebi an SesaZleblobebi axlavs mas. amas ar sWirdeba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis detaluri Seswavla, magram esaWiroeba sxarti mimoxilva imaze, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani da ratom. maT unda icodnen aseve, ramdenad misaRebia romelime winaswaruli winadadeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, yovelTvis sasurvelia winaswari moTaTbireba adgilobriv mmarTvelobasTan da damfinan-sebel organizaciasTan. patara proeqtze muSaobisas sakmarisia konservaciis specialistis mokle sityvieri daskvna, magram didi proeqtebis SemTxvevaSi werilobiTi dokumenti ufro gamosadegia. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis raobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba dakveTil iqnes swrafi Sefaseba, arsebuli winadadebebis memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba, gancxadeba konser-vaciis Sesaxeb an konservaciis gegma.

3.1.1 swrafi Sefasebaswrafi Sefaseba aris werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic gvaZlevs zogad warmodgenas

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Sesaxeb. swrafi Sefaseba gvarwmunebs, rom proeqtis menejerma, mSene-belma an mesakuTrem ician RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb, cxadyofs sarisko an saeWvo arealebs da asabuTebs damatebiTi samuSaoebis saWiroebas. iseTi amocanebi, rogori-caa axali gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi, SeiZleba am etapze aRiniSnos.

swrafma Sefasebam SeiZleba moicvas CamoTvlilTagan ramdenime an yvela informacia

• winapirobebis Seswavla: saxelmwifo an adgilobriv sacavebSi informaciis xelmisawv-domi wyaroebis sxarti mimoxilva. Tavidan yuradReba unda daeTmos rukebs, asaxu-lobebsa da nebismier meorad wyaros, romelsac pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs mocemul saqmesTan

• qsovilis vizualuri Sefaseba: RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis naxva Senobisa da garemo landSaftis raobis gansasazRvrelad, cvlilebebis ZiriTadi etapebis dadgena. weri-lobiTi formiT warmodgenili mokle informacia, TandarTuli anotirebuli, eta-pebad dayofili naxaziT an CanaxazebiT an winaswaruli anazomebi

• cnoba samosaxlo erTobebis amocanebisa da sazrunavis Sesaxeb

• sinTezi: RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba da misi cvlilebebis eta-pebi, gansakuTrebiT maxasiaTebeli da Rirebuli komponentebis dadgena (mag., gegma, masalebi, detalebi)

• asaxulobebi: Senobisa da garemo landSaftis fotosuraTebi, TandarTuli rukebis, gegmebis, naxazebis da asaxulobebis aslebiT (aucilebelia saavtoro uflebis miRe-ba)

• gancxadeba Semdgomi samuSaoebis Sesaxeb: damatebiTi samuSaos (Tu is aris, mag., anazomebi an analizi) da mocemuli garemos gamokvlevis (mag. arqiteqturis dafervis Seswavla, dendroqronologia, gaTxrebi, teqnikuri gamokvleva, merqnis gamokvleva) saWiroebis Sefaseba

3.1.2 istoriul memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis SefasebaTuki arsebobs RirsSesaniSavi adgilis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebuli winadadebebis rigi –

iqneba es saproeqto winadadeba Tu aucilebeli SeTanxmebisa an dafinansebaze ganacxadi _ swrafi Sefasebis mizania daadginos am winadadebebis zegavlena RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniS-vnelovnebaze. amaSi Sedis:

• samuSaos dasabuTeba; imis ganmarteba, Tu ratom aris gamarTlebuli samuSao, romelmac SeiZleba uaryofiTi zegavnela iqonios RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansa-kuTrebul Tvisebebze

• RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebaze winadadebebis zegavlenis dadgena

• uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semsubuqebis winadadebebi, maT Soris alternatiuli geg-mebi an damatebiTi kvlevis winadadebebi.

yuradReba miaqcieT, rom memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis gansazRvra SeiZleba proeqtis

- �� -

yvela safexurisTvis, raTa Sefasdes yvelaferi, zogadi monaxazidan dawyebuli detaluri proeqtiT damTavrebuli. memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis principebi warmodgenilia II nawilSi.

3.1.3 gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb da konservaciis gegmebi ori sxva ram SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli didi proeqtis SemuSavebis sawyis etapze, esaa

gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb da konservaciis gegma. mokled rom vTqvaT, gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb aris konservaciis gegmis zoga-

di monaxazi. is gvawvdis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis zogad mimoxilvas, misi mniSvnelovnebis ganmartebas, konservaciis SesaZlo mimarTulebebs da Semdgom sakeTebels. rogorc wesi, is arsebul codnazea dafuZnebuli. konservaciis gegma ufro dawvrilebiTi dokumentia, ro-melic gansazRvravs, ra aris RirsSesaniSnav adgilze mniSvnelovani da rogor SeiZleba am mniSvnelovnebis Senaxva momavalSi misi gamoyenebisas, gadakeTebisas, SekeTebisas an ganviTa-rebisas. is gulisxmobs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis damatebiT Seswavlas da ufro vrcel kon-sultacias.

gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb gamosadegia proeqtis adreul etapze, rodesac saWiroa zogadi mimoxilva. miuxedavad amisa, mxolod masze dayrdnobiT ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis miReba cota sariskoa. konservaciis gegma ufro arsebiTi ramaa da man SeiZleba Seayovnos pro-eqti. miuxedavad amisa, Tu proeqti moicavs RirsSesaniSnav adgils memkvidreobis sxvadasxva saxeobebiT, romelTa menejmenti sxvadasxva, savaraudod, erTmaneTis mocile moTxovnebs gvi-yenebs, gegma sasargeblo iqneba. proeqtis menejers, romelic Tvals adevnebs mTavar samuS-aos, romelic moicavs mniSvnelovan fizikur Carevas aseT RirsSesaniSnav adgilas, SeiZleba urCion konservaciis gegmis Sedgena manam, sanam is aiRebdes Tavis Tavze proeqtze muSaobis danaxarjebs.

memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT (rogorc II nawilSi aRiniSna) ramdenime winadadebis zemoqmedebis SefasebisTvis, arsebuli codnis gamoyenebiT, konsevaciis gegmis momzadebis Tanadrouladve. aseTnairad proeqti naklebad dayovndeba, Tanacve SesaZlebeli gaxdeba konservaciis dagegmvisas mopovebuli informaciis gamoyenebac.

damatebiTi rekomedaciebi imis Taobaze, Tu rodis da ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba konser-vaciis gegmebi ix. VI nawilSi.

3.2 meore etapi: winaswaruli kvlevis Catareba

Tu ganacxads an winadadebaTa rigs axlavs swrafi Sefaseba, gancxadeba konservaciis Ses-axeb da konservaciis gegma, es unda iyos sakmarisi informacia damfinansebeli organizaci-isTvis an Sesabamisi samsaxurebisTvis, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul Tvisebebze winadadebebis zegavlenis dasadgenad da, amgvarad, maT SeeZlebaT rekomendaciebi gascen dam-atebiTi informaciis moTxovnis gareSe.

Tu winaswari msjeloba aCvenebs, rom winadadebebs, albaT, mTlianobaSi miiReben, magram detaluri proeqtis SefasebisTvis saWiroa damatebiTi informacia, Semdegi etapi SeiZleba iyos kvlevisa da analizis Catareba. am SemTxvevaSi saWiro aris reziume.

3.2.1 anazomebiistoriuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis SekeTebis, gadakeTebis an ganviTarebis dawyebamde

mzaddeba anazomebis naxazebi, romlis safuZvelzec sxva profesionalebi daamuSaveben axal proeqtebs da gansazRvraven SekeTebis samuSaoebs. proeqtebis umravlesobisTvis, am naxazebs amzadebs kompetenturi arqiteqtori, zedamxedvelobis samsasxuris moxele an landSaftis arqiteqtori. agreTve, Tu saWiroa, detalebs amzadeben inJinrebi da sxva profesionalebi.

zogi istoriuli nagebobisa da garemo landSaftis anazomebi moiTxovs gansakuTrebuli unar-Cvevebis mqone profesionalebis CarTvas kvlevaSi, fiqsaciasa da istoriuli qsovilis analizSi. ase, mag.,

• Tu Senoba an landSafti droTa ganmavlobaSi mravaljer Seicvala da gadasxvaferda, xolo samuSaos jerovnad gasaZRolad saWiroa am cvlilebebaTa gaazreba

• Senobebi da landSafti, romlis proeqtebi moiTxovs qsovilSi Carevas da niadagis gaTxras (maSinac ki, roca am samuSaos SesaZlo zemoqmedeba Sefasebulia da zogadad sasikeTod iTvleba)

- �� -

• Senobebi, romlis SigTavsi, Cayolebuli dgami, gamarTuloba an detalebi raRac mizeziT mowyvladia da romlis yovlismomcveli fiqsacia daexmareba mniSvnelovani niSnebis dadgenasa da momavali samuSaos kontrols

• Senobebi da landSafti, romelTa zusti naxazebi Wirdeba sxva profesionalebs maTi muSaobis safuZvlad

• Senobebi da landSafti, sadac garkveuli niSnebi Cans, magram momavalSi SeiZleba aRar gamoCndes da sadac am niSnebis detaluri dafiqsireba daexmareba momavalSi maT movlasa da SenarCunebas

• landSafti, sadac SegviZlia gadavarCinoT odnavRa amosacnob nakveTTa winandeli ganawilebis, nagebobebis an baRebis nakvalevi

aseT SemTxvevaSi, anazomebi unda moamzados kompetenturma profesionalma, an Seasworos istoriuli nagebobebis kompetenturma analitikosma an landSaftis specialistma. naxazebi, romelic Seasrula proeqtis arqiteqtorma an profesiulma amzomvelTa gundma, saeWvoa srul informacias Seicavdes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis istoriisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, romelic aucilebelia sadavo konservaciis proeqtis winwasawevad. proeqtis menejerebma unda icod-nen RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansxvavebul saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb. maT unda ganixilon azomvis pirobebi profesionalTa gundTan da gadawyvetilebis gamomtan organoebTan proeqtirebis dasawyisSi da anazomis dakveTamde SeTanxmdnen standartebze da midgomaze.

3.2.2 arqeologiuri analizispecialuri meTodi, romelic Seiswavlis istoriuli nagebobis qsovils, cnobilia ro-

gorc Senobebis arqeologia (an analizi). msgavsi termini gamoiyeneba landSaftisTvisac. meTodi moicavs anazomebs, rasac emateba qsovilis ufro intensiuri stratigrafiuli anal-izi, imisTvis, raTa gamokvleul iqnes, rogor xdeboda Seneba, gamoyeneba da gadakeTeba. saam-isod iSvelieben istoriul kvlevas, nagebobis istoriasa da arqiteqturis/landSaftis isto-riis zogad codnas. agreTve specialuri analitikuri meTodebis vrcel diapazonsac. aseTi samuSao unda gakeTdes proeqtis rac SeiZleba adreul etapze da manam, sanam mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi iqna miRebuli.

es monacemebi proeqtis menejerma an arqiteqtorma ufro detaluri gegmis safuZvlad unda gamoiyenos. cvlilebebis mowmobani exmareba maT, magaliTad imis Sesafaseblad, ramdenad mniSvnelovania bolo cvlilebebi da, maSasadame, ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli maTi minimalurad mosakliseba. naxazebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba axali saproeqto naxazebis Sesadgenad da informa-ciad samuSaoTa gansazRvrisas. VII nawili mogawvdiT damatebiT detalebs anazomebis da arqe-ologiuri analizis meTodebis da maTi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

3.3 mesame etapi: mizanmimarTuli sagangebo kvleva

rodesac proeqtis ZiriTadi principebi SeTanxmebulia damfinansebel organizaciasTan da uflebamosil administraciasTan, proeqti, rogorc wesi, gadadis im etapze, rodesac ixa-zeba detaluri gegma, mzaddeba samuSaoebis specifikacia da saboloo danaxarjebi iTvleba. misaRebi rCeba bevri gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, ra samuSao gakeTdeba, rac, kargad Tu ar aris gafiqrebuli, didi saSiSroebaa, rom daazianebs RirsSesaniSnav adgils.

am etapze SeiZleba moviSvelioT mTeli rigi kvleviTi meTodebisa, rogoricaa arqiteq-turis dafervis Seswavla, dendroqronologia, arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, teqnikuri kvleva, ekologiuri da merqnis kvleva, istoriuli minis kvleva an garemos Sefaseba, geoteqnikuri Seswavla da analitikuri dakvirveba. agreTve SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes iseTi meTodebi sazoga-doebis CarTvisTvis, rogoricaa kvleva, seminarebi da aqciebi. damatebiTi detalebi warmod-genilia 7.� nawilSi. gadawyvetilebis magaliTebi, sadac aseT midgomas sargebloba moaqvs, moicavs

- �70 -

kdka-s meTodebi sakonservacio gadawyvetileba

arqiteqturis dafervis analizi Sida da gare zedapirebisdamuSaveba

dekoratiuli saxis arCeva

dendroqronologia sxvadasxva asakis xis SekeTebis Sesaferisi teqnologia

Senobis SekeTebis zogadi strategia

arqiteqturuli masalis kvleva SekeTebis masalis mopovebis adgili da saxe (mag. aguri, qva)

detalebis damuSaveba (mag. rkinis konstruqcia, SuSa)

xis detalebis analizi fanjrebis da panelebis SekeTeba

oTaxebis funqciebis SerCeva

gaTxrebi axali damxmare nagebobebis ganTavseba

miwisqveSa mSeneblobis warmoeba

mcenareulobis kvleva menejmentis warmodgena an mcenareebis xelaxla dargva

tabula 2 specialistTa meTodebi da sakonservacio gadawyvetilebebi

yuradReba miaqcieT, rom zogierTi zemoT warmodgenili meTodi agresiulia da saWiroebs siaSi Setanil nagebobasa an katalogSi Setanil Zeglebze samuSaoebis SeTanxmebas. RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilis zianisgan dasacavad didi sifrTxilec unda gamoiCinoT.

3.4 meoTxe etapi: analizi samuSaoebis msvlelobaSi

rogorc wesi, gardauvalia, rom zogi informacia mxolod samuSaos msvlelobaSi xdeba cnobili. maRal adgilebze asvla mxolod xaraCoebiTaa SesaZlebeli, Weri da mokazmuloba faravs saxuravs, tixrebic SeiZleba adreul detalebs efarebodes. landSaftis SemTxvevaSic adreuli dagegmarebac muSaobis dros xdeba cnobili.

3.4.1 azomva da analizi mTlianad proeqtisTvis da momavali menejmentisTvis SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos samuSaoe-

bis dros Tanmdev kdka-s Catarebis Tadarigi daiWiros. zogjer Senobis analitikoss SeuZlia darCes adgilze samuSaos dros, meti sifrTxilisaTvisac da imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom sa-muSaoebis msvlelobaSi mopovebuli codna Senobaze arsebul masalas Seemateba. alternativis saxiT arqeologsac SeuZlia samuSaoebis dros vizualuri daskvna gaakeTos, an xis xelobis specialistma RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gasaazreblad Sroma ganagrZos.

amgvaradve, samuSaoebis dros aRmoCenilma detalebma SeiZleba aiZulos proeqtis mene-jeri, gadaxedos samuSaos masStabs da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis analitikosma ganagrZos im informaciis miwodeba, romelic saWiroa am gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad.

romeli specialistic iqneba dasaqmebuli, analizis programaSi samuSaoTa warmoebisas unda Sediodes

• Sevseba: naxazebis ganaxleba da damateba, gansakuTrebiT im monakveTebis, romelTac manamde ver miudgebodi

• muSaobis dros mikvleuli axali detalebis Caxazva da analizi

- �7� -

• kavSiri sxva specialistebTan: arqiteqturis dafervis mkvlevarTan, dendroqronol-ogistTan an sxva specialistebTan muSaoba, imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom maTi muSaoba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mTlian gaazrebaSi iqneba integrirebuli

• proeqtSi monawileoba: proeqtis menejerisa da arqiteqtorisTvis mudmivad ganaxle-buli informaciis miwodeba qsovilis, nagebobis da garemo landSaftis Sesaxeb da informaciis Taobaze moTxovnis Sesruleba

• fiqsacia danakargis Sesamcireblad: im detalebis fiqsacia, romelic samuSaoebis dasrulebisas Caimaleba an romlis dakargvac samuSaoebis misaRebad miCneuli Sede-gia.

proeqtis menejers SeiZleba dasWirdes am tipis informaciis proeqtis yoveldRiur mar-TvasTan integraciis gaiolebac, SesaZloa, es RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Taobaze gamarTul Sex-vedrebze analitikosis monawileobiT da drouli angariSgebis uzrunvelyofiT moxerxdes.

3.4.2 dasangrevi qsovilis fiqsaciamTlianad istoriuli Senobis an misi arsebiTi elementebis dangrevisa da Camarxuli naS-

Tebis ganadgurebis dagegmvisas – informacia, romelic saWiroa ganacxadis miReba-dasawun-eblad, unda iyos mzad gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde da ara mere. es principi gamosadegia grantiT dafinansebul samuSaos mimarTac, Tu danakargi an dangreva sxva mxriv sasikeTo gegmas mosdevs.

garduvalad iqneba SemTxvevebi, roca informacia RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mcire de-talebis Sesaxeb (rogoricaa dafaruli elementebi da Camarxuli naSTebi) mxolod samuSaoebis dros gaxdeba cnobili, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia samuSaos dawyebamde Senobis `gaxsnis~ calke SeTanxmeba an fiqsirebisa da analizis pirobebis dadgena (ix. �.7 nawili). proeqtis menejerma unda icodes im problemebis Sesaxeb, romelic exeba proeqtTan da gegmasTan dakav-Sirebuli informaciis vadebs.

damatebiTi detalebi mocemulia IV nawilSi.

3.5 mexuTe etapi: angariSgeba, arqivSi Setana da gamoqveyneba

kvlevis, analizis, azomvis an Seswavlis programis, rogorc konservaciis proeqtis nawilis, dakveTas ar aqvs azri, Tu samuSaoebis Sedegebi ar aris advilad xelmisawvdomi pro-eqtis saStato TanamSromelTaTvis maSin, roca es saWiroa da Tanac iolad gamosayenebeli saxiT.

kdka-s yoveli nawili unda aisaxos dasuraTebul, mokle, akinZul angariSSi, romlis gavrceleba SeiZleba. proeqtis dasrulebisas saWiroa saboloo angariSi, raTa RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilis momavali menejmentisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes muSaobis Sedegebi. angariSi aseve xels Seuwyobs mSeneblobas, dagegmvas da menejmentis reglamentis moTxovnebs (CDM) an proeqtis ganxilvis process. Sedegebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba aseve konservaciis an menejmentis gegmaSi.

es imas ar niSnavs, rom angariSgeba proeqtis bolosTvis unda iqnes gadadebuli. Tu in-formacia sasargebloa proeqtis menejmentisTvis, yovel zemoxsenebul etapze unda gakeTdes Sualeduri angariSi. am moTxovnis mizania imis uzrunvelyofa, rom informacia yovelTvis aris xelmisawvdomi da profesionalebs SeuZliaT misi gaziareba.

arqivSi Setana moicavs proeqtis informaciis moqcevas sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdom sacavSi. angariSebi, rogorc wesi, mxolod ajamebs Sedegebs da pirvandeli savele Canaxazebi an Canawerebic SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos Senobisa Tu garemo landSaftis momavali menejmen-tisTvis. mesakuTreTa umetesobas (garda ise didisa, rogoricaa taZrebi) ar aqvs informaciis Sesanaxi sakuTari saarqivo sadgomi, amitom SeZlebisdagvarad, informacia `angariSTa adgi-lobriv ofissa~ an `RirsSesaniSnav adgilTa da ZeglTa nusxas~ unda gadaeces.

proeqtis menejeri an kdka-s dakveTasa da Sedegebis proeqtSi integrirebaze pasux-ismgebeli piri unda iyos darwmunebuli, rom angariSgebis, arqivSi Setanis da gamoqveynebis moTxovnebi gansazRvrulia da miTiTebulia yvela reziumeSi. maT zustad unda icodnen, rom sxvadasxva specialistebi droze amzadeben angariSebs da rom maTi muSaoba aqtiurad aris CarTuli proeqtis menejmentis procesSi.

VII nawili gvaZlevs damatebiT informacias angariSis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.

- �7� -

3.6 daskvnebi, specifikacia da kontraqtis dokumentacia

konservaciis proeqtSi kdka-s programis Setana zemoqmedebs konservaciis yvela danar-Ceni profesionalis saqmianobaze, mSenebliT dawyebuli, arqiteqtoriT, inJinriT, zedamxed-velobis samsaxuris moxeliT an proeqtis menejeriT damTavrebuli. amave dros, kdka-s spe-cialistebi SeiZleba ar icnobdnen mSeneblobis proeqtis moTxovnebs. amitom, umjobesia am moTxovnebis naTlad warmodgena proeqtis dokumentaciaSi.

kdka-s nebismieri nawili reziumes safuZvelze unda iyos dakveTili. imis gamo, rom kdka Tvisebrivi da ara raodenobrivi procesia, umjobesia reziumes da ara detaluri specifikaci-is warmodgena (Tumca Rirs imis aRniSvna, rom anazomebis naxazi srul specifikacias iTxovs). kontraqtorma reziumes pasuxad SeiZleba warmoadginos bevrad ufro dawvrilebiTi, xarjTaR-ricxviani proeqti, sadac dazustebiT iqneba ganmartebuli, rogor unda Sesruldes samuSao, gamomuSavebis detalebis CaTvliT. xandaxan samuSaos reziumes warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gamomtani organizacia, sxva SemTxvevaSi _ proeqtis menejeri. orive SemTxvevaSi, vinc unda meTvalyureobdes proeqts, unda miiRos aqtiuri roli kdka-s dakveTasa da misi Sedegebis proeqtSi integrirebaSi. rekomendaciebi specialistis daniSvnisa da reziumes momzadebisTvis warmodgenilia danarTebSi � da �.

sxva specialistebisTvis da samuSaoebisTvis specifikacia da sakontraqto dokumentacia unda iTvaliswinebdes analitikosTan, inspeqtorTan da specialistTan muSaobis moTxovnasa da maTi muSaobis Sedegebis gamoyenebas.

- �7� -

konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvlevisa da analizis etapebi

- �7� -

4. informacia debulebiT gansazRvruli mimdinare saqmianobis warmoebisTvis

`saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ es nawili gviCvenebs, rogor SeiZleba gaazrebis gamoyeneba kontrolis savaldebulo proceduris Catarebis dros

(aseve, eklesiisTvis paralelur procedurebsac).

4.1 siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa Taobaze SeTanxmeba

siaSi Setanili nagebobebis dagrevis, an raimenairi gadakeTebis, an gafarToebis samuSaoebi, romlebic zegavlenas iqoniebs gansakuTrebuli arqiteqturuli an istoriuli mniSvnelobis Senobis xasiaTze, saWiroebs siaSi Setanili nagebobis Taobaze SeTanxmebas. aseTi SeTanxmebis ganacxadisa Tu grantis gacema-ar gacemis ganxilvisas, dagegmvis adgilobrivma sammarTvelom da inglisis memkvidreobam sagangebod unda miaqcios yuradReba, Tu ramdenad sasurvelia Senobis, misi garemos, an misi arqiteqturuli da istoriuli Rirebulebis niSnebis SenarCuneba. amitom, rogorc adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisTvis, aseve ganmcxadeblisTvis, aucilebelia Senobis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis zusti gaazreba da imis codna, Tu ra gavlena eqneba samuSaos mis faseulobaze.

PPG 15 saxelmwifo sistema gvauwyebs, rom

[ganmcxadeblebma] adgilobrivi dagegmvis sammarTvelos unda miawodon sruli informacia, raTa man SeZlos Senobisa da misi garemos gansakuTrebul arqiteqturul da istoriul Tvisebebze SesaZlo zegavlenis dadgena (3.4 paragrafi)

aqedan gamomdinare, pasuxismgebloba, miawodos adgilobriv mmarTvelobas sakmarisi informacia gadawyvetilebis misaRebad mTlianad ganmcxadebels ekisreba.

ganmcxadeblis da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis molaparakebis adreve gamarTva yovelTvis sasargebloa, raTa ganisazRvros, Tua saWiro raime sagangebo informacia.

xSirad hgoniaT, rom am informaciis moZieba SeiZleba siaSi Setanili nagebobebis gamo-qveynebul aRwerilobaSi.

PPG 15 ganmartavs, rom

siaSi motanili aRwera ZiriTadad emsaxureba identifikacias ... [aRwerebi] ar aris gankuTvnili amomwuravad Tu yvela mniSvnelovani niSnebis srulad aRsanusxad. (6.19 paragrafi).

Tu ara umartivesi samuSaosTvis, ganmcxadeblebma unda miawodon adgilobriv mmarTve-lobas B.3 paragrafSi da PPG 15-is danarT B-Si warmodgenili informacia. rogorc wesi, minimaluri informacia sakmarisia iseT SemTxvevaSi, roca siaSi Setanil nagebobaze SeTanxme-bis ganacxadi gulisxmobs mokrZalebul samuSaoebs, romlebic ar axdens ganxiluli Senobis gansakuTrebul arqiteqturul an istoriul Tvisebebze mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas.

magram, Tu SemoTavazebuli samuSao axdens mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas Senobis arqiteq-turul an istoriul Tvisebebze, aucilebelia damatebiTi informacia. aseTi gancxadebebi moicavs an exeba:

• siaSi Setanili Senobis garemos, ieris an qsovilis mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs

• siaSi Setanili Senobis an misi mniSvnelovani nawilis ganadgurebis winadadebas

• funqciis cvlilebasTan dakavSirebul gegmarebiT ganacxads, romelic gulisxmobs siaSi Setanili Senobis qsovilis mniSvnelovan gadakeTebas

PPG 15 kvlavac Seamtkicebs am moTxovnas, radgan naTqvamia:

`dadgenileba~ mmarTvelobas aZlevs uflebas moiZios nebismieri wvrilmani, uTuod, mmarTvelobam unda moiZios yovelnairi wvrilmani, raTa bolomde gaiazros proeqtis zegavlena mocemuli Senobis xasiaTze. mmarTvelobam ar unda ganixilos ganacxadi manam, sanam masSi ar iqneba gaazrebisTvis saWiro sakmarisi informacia (B danarTis B3 paragrafi).

aseT SemTxvevebSi ganmcxadebels moeTxoveba moiZios Semdgomi informacia imis saCvene-

- �7� -

blad, rom misi winadabebebi ar iqoniebs nagebobaze damazianebel zegavlenas. rodesac aseTi informacia aris saWiro, adgilobriv mmarTvelobasa da ganmcxadebels Soris molaparakeba rac SeiZleba adre unda moxdes. rodesac adgilobrivi mmarTveloba aregistrirebs ganacx-ads, damatebiTi informaciisTvis nebismierma moTxovnam SeiZleba daayovnos gadawyvetilebis miReba. amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam adreul etapzeve daadginos, miewoda Tu ara sakmarisi informacia da, Tu SesaZlebelia, manam, sanam ganacxadi iqneba dare-gistrirebuli.

adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam unda naTlad icodes, ratom moiTxovs damatebiT infor-macias. mas agreTve SeuZlia daexmaros ganmcxadebels Tu waaSvelebs mas reziumes, romelic axsnis ra informacia aris saWiro da ratom (ix. danarTi �).

mravali adgilobrivi mmarTveloba gamoscems saxelmZRvanelos siaSi Setanil nagebobebze ganacxadebis SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb. damatebiTi informaciis moZieba aseve SeiZleba inglisis memkvidreobis rekomendaciebis broSiuraSi Oistoriuli Senobebis Seswavla (dekekmberi ��) da ganviTareba istoriul garemoSi (ivnisi ��).

4.2 sakonservacio arealebi

siaSi Setanili Senobis an sakonservacio arealis dagegmvis ganacxadis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, adgilobrivi xelisufleba valdebulia gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcios imas, Tu ramdenad sasurvelia sakonservacio arealis xasiaTis an ieris SenarCuneba an gamokveTa.

PPG 15 urCevs adgilobriv mmarTvelobas zustad Seafasos es xasiaTi.

rac ufro naTlad aris gansazRvruli da dafiqsirebuli arqiteqturuli an istoriuli Tvisebebi, romelTa gamo moxda dacvaze ayvana, miT ufro jansaRi iqneba adgilobrivi gegmarebiTi politika, ganviTarebis kontrolis Taobaze gadawyvetilebebis safuZveli, iseve, rogorc arealis xasiaTis da ieris SenarCunebis da gamokveTis winadadebebis formulirebebi (paragrafi 4.4).

vidre adgilobrivi mmarTveloba daadgens, ramdenad inaxavs Tu aumjobesebs siaSi Set-anili nagebobebis ganviTarebis, maTze samuSaoebis, an siaSi arSetanili nagebobebis dangrevis esa Tu is winadadeba sakonservacio arealis xasiaTs, is unda naTlad moiazrebdes, mainc ra aris es xasiaTi da ieri, sul kargi iqneba Tu sakonservacio arealis Sefasebis formiT (ix. �.�0 nawili).

rogorc aRiniSna, dagegmvis nebarTvis, siaSi Setanil nagebobebsa, an sakonservacio are-alze SesaTanxmeblad ganmxcadeblebma maTi ganacxadebis gansaxilvelad sakmarisi informacia unda warmoadginon. gegmarebiTi nebarTvis miRebis Taobaze PPG �� aRniSnavs, rom:

gegmarebis adgilobriv sammarTvelos, gegmarebiTi ganacxadis Taobaze gadawyve-tilebis gamotanamde, dasWirdeba axali ganviTarebis winadadebis amsaxveli dawvrilebiTi gegmebi da naxazebi, ganakveT-fasadebis CaTvliT, romelic aCvenebs, ras moutans ganviTareba am garemos (paragrafi 4.18).

es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maSin, roca ganacxadi Senobis ganadgurebas exeba. aseT SemTxvevebSi, adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ras warmoadgens arse-buli Senoba misi garemosTvis, anu, is wili, rac mas aqvs arealis xasiaTisa da ieris, aseve axlomdebare siaSi Setanili nagebobebis garemos CamoyalibebaSi, agreTve misi dangrevis gav-lena Senobis midamosa da mTlianobaSi sakonservacio arealze.

4.3 arqeologiuri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi

gegmarebiTi ganacxadebis SesaTanxmeblad arsebuli moTxovnebi (mag., Sefaseba) im SemTxvevebisTvis, rodesac mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba arqeologiur RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze, praqtikaSi, albaT, ufroa fexmokidebuli, vidre nagebobaTa da landSaftebis mimarT.

gegmarebiTi politikis saxelmZRvanelo (PPG 16): arqeologia da gegmareba aRniSnavs, rom

- �7� -

Tu SemoTavazebuli ganviTareba zegavlenas moaxdens erovnuli mniSvnelobis arqeologiur naSTebze (sulerTia, katalogizebulia isini Tu ara) da maT garemoze, win maTi fizikuri SenarCuneba unda davayenoT (paragrafi 8).

gegmarebis meTodikis saxelmZRvanelo aRgviwers, ramdenad mniSvnelovania adreve moTaT-bireba adgilobriv mmarTvelobasTan da olqis arqeologebTan, Tu aris imis albaToba, rom mocemul adgilas moipoveba naSTebi, agreTve kameraluri Sefaseba, romelsac, Tu saWiroa, mohyveba adgilze arqeologiuri Sefaseba, imisTvis, rom

davadginoT arsebuli arqeologiuri naSTebis ganfeniloba gansaviTareblad SemoTavazebul arealSi da, amgvarad, ... wonadoba, rac aqvs mis SenarCunebas. [aseTi Sefaseba] aseve gvawvdis informacias, romelic saWiroa zianis Semcirebis an misi Tavidan acilebis SesaZlo gzebis dasadgenad (paragrafi 21).

PPG 16 aRniSnavs, rom amis safuZvelze SeiZleba gonivruli da gaazrebuli gadaw-yvetilebis miReba.

samuSaoebis umetesoba, romlebic zegavlenas axdens katalogizebul Zeglebze, saWiroebs saxelmwifo mdivnis Tanxmobas. aseT saqmeebSi saxelmwifo mdivnis mrCeveli aris inglisis mem-kvidreoba. gegmarebis SezRudvebs, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros sxva arqeologiuri Zeglebic.

kameraluri da velze Catarebuli Sefasebis standartebi gamoqveynebulia savele arqe-ologTa institutis mier, xolo sanimuSo reziumeebi da specifikaciebi gamoqveynebulia sa-grafos arqeologiur moxeleTa asociaciis mier (axla adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis arqeolo-giur moxeleTa asociacia).

4.4 landSafti, parkebi da baRebiistoriuli SenobebisTvis moniSnuli principebisa da procedurebis umravlesoba

gamoiyeneba agreTve im gegmarebiTi ganacxadebis ganxilvisas, rac gavlenas iqoniebs registrirebul istoriul parkebsa da baRebze, brZolis velebsa da daproeqtebul landSaftebze, sasaflaoebisa da qalaqis moednebis CaTvliT. PPG 15 iuwyeba, rom:

SemoTavazebuli ganviTarebis zegavlenis gaazreba daregistrirebul parkze, baRze an maT garemoze Zalian mniSvnelovania gegmarebiTi ganacxadis miReba-armiRebisTvis (paragrafi 2.24)

arsebiTia, isev da isev, rom adgilobrivi mmarTveloba kmayofili darCes im informaciiT, romelsac ganmcxadebeli iZleva am Sedegebis Taobaze. ganacxadis raobis mixedviT, aseTi in-formacia moicavs savele gamokvlevas, ragvarobis dadgenas, dokumentebis Seswavlas, isto-riuli rukebis Sedgenas da arqeologiur Sefasebas.

landSaftebis SemTxvevaSi, qsovilisa da misi istoriuli mniSvnelovnebis sruli gaazreba aris pirveli nabiji nebismieri axali samuSaosi, romelic moicavs gadakeTebas, restavracias an konservacias. aseTi informaciis warmodgena umjobesia rukebis, naxazebis, agreTve teqs-tisa da asaxulobebis saxiT. landSaftis Sefasebis procedura Zalian hgavs nagebobebisa da arqeologiuri RisSesaniSnavi adgilebis Sefasebas.

4.5 siaSi arSesuli nagebobebixandaxan aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac gegmarebiTi ganacxadi axdens zegavlenas im mniSvnelovan

Senobaze an arealze, romelic ar aris daculi kanonis mier. amitom, zogjer marTebulia damatebiTi Sefaseba.

magaliTad, arqeologiis saxelmwifo saxelmZRvaneloSi PPG 16-Si moyvanili kriteriumebis mixedviT nagebobebs SeiZleba hqondes erovnuli mniSvneloba. am SemTxvevaSi win misi SenarCuneba unda davayenoT. sadac SesaZlebelia, adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam gegmarebiTi nebarTvis Taobaze ganmcxadebels SeiZleba mosTxovos, Sefaseba – vidre mas SeiTanxmebs.

rogorc alternativa, Senobas adgilobriv siaSi Seitanen. PPG 15 aRniSnavs, rom geg-marebis sammarTvelos SeuZlia adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis mqone Senobebis siis Sedgena da maTi dacvisTvis gegmarebis adgilobrivi politikis Camoyalibeba ganviTarebis kontrolis Cveulebrivi procedurebis meSveobiT (paragrafi �.��). am SemTxvevaSi ki adgilobrivi mmarT-veloba moiTxovs Sefasebas.

- �77 -

4.6 garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebakanonis moTxovnaa, rom garemoze mniSvnelvani zegavlenis mqone zogma proeqtma, romelic

moiTxovs gegmarebiT SeTanxmebas, unda gaiaros garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procedura, rac garemoze SesaZlo mniSvnelovani zegavlenis mqone proeqtebis Sefasebis erT sistemaSi moyvanas gulisxmobs (ix. II nawili).

es procedura moicavs sam ZiriTad etaps _ damproeqteblis mier mowodebuli informacia garemoze SesaZlo ZiriTadi zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb ̀ garemos Sesaxeb gancxadebis~ saxiT, proeqtis gamoqveyneba, imisTvis, rom sazogadoebam SeZlos Tavisi azris gamoxatva am proeqtebis da `garemos Sesaxeb gancxadebis~ Sesaxeb da bolos, adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis gadawyvetileba. `garemos Sesaxeb gancxadebam~ unda:

aRweros garemos yvela aspeqti, romelic SesaZloa daziandes ganviTarebis Sedegad, gansakuTrebiT, mosaxleoba, fauna, flora, niadagi, wyali, haeri, klimati, materialuri qoneba, rogoricaa arqiteqturuli da arqeologiuri memkvidreoba, landSafti da zemoxsenebuli faqtorebis urTierTkavSiri (prospeqti 02/99, danarTi C, I nawili, paragrafi 3.)

msoflio memkvidreobis nusxis obieqtebi, istoriuli sabrZolo velebi da daregistrirebuli parkebi da baRebi is materialuri obieqtebia, romelic Sefasebisas unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli. saWiroa specialistebis rCeva, rogorc arqiteqturis istoriis, Senobis analizis an landSaftis istoriis, aseve miwisqveSa arqeologiaze zegavlenis Taobaze. saTanadod unda dafasdes `miwis zeda~ aseve `miwis qveSa~ naSTebis wonadoba.

adgilobriv mmarTvelobas SeuZlia warmoadginos `gacxriluli mosazreba~ imaze, saWiroa Tu ara `garemos Sesaxeb gancxadeba~ da oficialuri “dadastureba” “garemos Sesaxeb gancxadebaSi” mocemuli informaciis Taobaze.

damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT garemosTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebis momzadeba gegmarebiTi proeqtebisTvis, romlebic saWiroebs garemos Sefasebas _ sruli instruqcia (DoE 1995).

4.7 fiqsacia da analizi muSaobis msvlelobaSiinformacia, romelic saWiroa im zegavlenis dasadgenad, romelsac proeqti moaxdens

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis, Senobis, an arealis gansakuTrebul istoriul Tvisebebze, unda iqnes moZiebuli manam, sanam gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli. PPG 15 xazs usvams, rom xelisufleba ar iTxovs ganmcxadeblebisgan SeTanxmebis sazRaurad gaiRon xarjebi fiqsaciis programisTvis. ganmcxadeblebi arc imas unda elodon, rom maT daafinanseben mxolod fiqsaciis saTanado programebis SemuSavebisaTvis (paragrafi �.��)

PPG agreTve aRniSnavs:

Tu arsebobs uxilavi naSTebis aRmoCenis SesaZlebloba, adgilobrivma gegmarebis sammarTvelom siaSi Setanili Senobis gamo SeTanxmebas Sesaferi piroba unda daurTos, rac uzrunvelyofs mis SemonarCunebasa Tu jerovan fiqsacias, anda moiTxovos Senobis `gaxsna~ Seswavlis mizniT rogorc aucilebeli piroba, siaSi Setanili nagebobis SeTanxmebisTvis, manam, vidre SeiTanxmebs samuSaoebs mTlianobaSi (paragrafi 3.24).

Sesabamisi pirobis gamoxatva SeiZleba Semdegnairad:

arc erTi samuSao, nebadarTuli am Tanxmobis mier, ar unda Cautardes Senobas manam, sanam ganmcxadebeli ar ganaxorcielebs Senobis fiqsaciisa da analizis saTanado programas adgilobrivi gegmarebis sammarTvelos mier daniSnuli piris an organizaciis daxmarebiT. es programa unda ganxorcieldes ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenili sqemis Sesabamisad da iqnes mowonebuli adgilobrivi gegmarebis sammarTvelos mier (inglisis memkvidreobis rCeva).

yvela am SemTxvevaSi, adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam unda ganmartos mocemuli pirobis mize-zebi da iyos darwmunebuli, rom es moTxovna gonivruli, Sesaferisi, drouli da gamarTle-bulia. mmarTvelobam unda misces ganmcxadebels reziume, romelic auxsnis mas ra informacia aris saWiro da ratom, agreTve ganumartos ra kvalifikacia da gamocdileba unda hqondes

- �7� -

specialists, raTa moTxovnebi da valdebulebebi mkafiod iyos gawerili (danarTi �-s axlavs reziumes magaliTi).

msgavsi pirobebi warmodgenilia PPG ��-is ��-e paragrafSi.

4.8 siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa mTliani ganadgureba

Tu ganmcxadebeli Tavazobs siaSi Setanili nagebobis dangrevas, adreve unda iqnas gaTva-liswinebuli PPG 15-is �.�7 da �.�� paragrafSi warmodgenili kriteriumebi da �.� paragrafSi warmodgenili ZiriTadi moTxovnebi (romelic exeba Senobis mniSvnelovnebas, mis gansakuTre-bul materialur niSnebs, mis garemos, wils adgilobriv garemocvaSi da sargeblis masStabs, romelsac moutans SemoTavazebuli samuSao samosaxloebs), adgilobrivi gegmarebis sammarT-velom aseve unda Seafasos Senobis mdgomareoba, moqmedi Senobis SenarCunebisTvis gaweuli mcdelobis Sesatyvisoba da alternatiuli SemoTavazebebis upiratesoba.

Senobis Sesaxeb rac SeiZleba meti informacia unda iqnes mowodebuli manam, sanam dangre-vis SeTanxmebis gadawyvetileba iqneba an ar iqneba miRebuli, maT Soris Senobis kvlevasa da analizze damyarebuli werilobiTi Sefaseba, romelSic Sedis Senobis istoria, ganviTareba, gamoyeneba da mniSvnelovneba. aseve mniSvnelovani SeiZleba iyos Senobis naxazebi.

Tu adgilobriv mmarTvelobas ganacxadis saxiT ar aqvs sakmarisi informacia, man unda miawodos ganmcxadebels reziume imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra saxis informaciaa saWiro ganacxadis mi-Reba-armiRebamde (ix. qvemoT, danarTi �).

Tu sakmarisi informaciis safuZvelze gadawyvetilia dangrevis SeTanxmeba, adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam unda moifiqros, ramdenad aucilebelia Tanxmobis aseT pirobad, imis moTxovna rom ganmcxadeblebma ganaxorcielon SeTanxmebuli muSaobis dros dasangrevi damaxasaTebeli niSnebis fiqsaciis saTanado programebi (PPG 15, paragrafi �.��). Senobis raobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba ufro meti Sroma gaxdes saWiro arsebuli informaciis Sesavsebad, saboloo angariSis mosamzadeblad da, Tu es gamarTlebulia, gamosaqveyneblad. agreTve, SeiZleba iyos saWiro re-ziumes Sedgena dangrevis dros, nagebobis uCinari damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis dasadgenad da dasa-fiqsireblad. SeiZleba amis mere saWiro iyos Camarxuli naSTebis gaTxrebic (ix. �.�0 nawili).

nebismieri piroba unda SeeTanxmebodes adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis mier mowodebul re-ziumes, romelSic ufro zustad aris warmodgenili moTxovnebi damatebiTi fiqsaciis, angari-Sisa da gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb (ix. danarTi �).

cirkulYari 0�/�00� gvauwyebs, romYari 0�/�00� gvauwyebs, romari 0�/�00� gvauwyebs, rom inglisis memkvidreobisTvis unda iyos cnobili siaSi Setanili nagebobebis SesaTanxmeblad yvela ganacxadi da mas unda miesvlebodes siaSi Setanil im nagebobebTan, romelTa dangrevamde fiqsaciasac isurvebs. es moTxovna ar aTavisuflebs siaSi Setanili nagebobis SeTanxmebaze ganmcxadebels adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisTvis sakma-risi informaciis miwodebis valdebulebisgan, an SesaTanxmeblad adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis mier dadgenili pirobis Sesrulebisagan.

4.9 nagebobaTa gadatana

xandaxan Semodis istoriuli Senobis misi adgilidan sxva adgilze gadatanis winadadebac. sinamdvileSi es, Cveulebriv, gulisxmobs Senobis dangrevas. amas mosdevs istoriuli Tvisebebis didwilad dakargva, rogoricaa, mag., kavSiri mis pirvandel garemosTan, gamoyenebis wesi Tu misi cvlilebebi, misi gawyoba Tu detalebi. am mizezebis gamo, es ganacxadebi dangrevis ganacxa-debia, amitom ganmcxadebelma unda daakmayofilos PPG 15-Si motanili Sesabamisi muxlebi.

Senobis daSla did yuradRebas iTxovs, Tuki is simrTelis raime xarisxiT kvlav unda ai-gos. es ZviradRirebuli variantia. samuSaos xarjebSi Sedis Senobis saguldagulod fiqsacia daSlamde, yoveli nawilis danomvra, masalebis usafrTxod Senaxva dazianebis an moparvisagan dasacavad da xelaxla aSenebis frTxili procesi. dafiqsirebisas aucilebelia mSeneblobis meTodebisa da teqnologiebis sruli gaazreba, radgan procesis dros bevri ram daikargeba. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes Senobis gaTxra miwis qveviT misi konteqstis, konstruqciisa da daniS-nulebis gasagebad.

Tu Senobis daSla da sxva adgilas xelaxla awyoba SeTanxmebulia, aucilebelia Senobis daSlis da awyobis kontrolis warmoeba Sesabamisi pirobebiT an kanonis moTxovnebis Sesa-bamisad. sabolood, es uzrunvelyofs Senobis srul fiqsacias, daSlis procesis kontrols masalis dakargvis Tavidan asacileblad da mis namdvilad xelaxal agebas.

- �7� -

4.10 nagebobebTan dakavSirebuli miwaSi myofi naSTebis dakargva

mravali istoriuli Senobebis qveS SeiZleba iyos imave nagebobis adreuli etapis, an, imave adgilze manamdeli Senobebis mowmobani. es mniSvnelovani narCenebi SeiZleba Selaxos Tanama-medrove mowyobilobebis gamoyenebam Tu maTma Canacvlebam.

Tu siaSi Setanil Senobaze proeqtiT SemoTavazebuli samuSaoebi gamoiwvevs mocemuli Se-nobis qveS darCenili nawilebis ganadgurebas da Tu iTvleba, rom es ziani mcire, magram sxvag-varad misaRebi samuSaos dasaSvebi Sedegia, saWiroa iseTi pirobis darTva, romelic moiTxovs gaTxrebis kontrolsa da Senobis im niSnebis dafiqsirebas, romelic daikargeba. Camarxuli naSTebis gaTxrebi da fiqsacia SeiZleba gegmarebiTi nebarTvis pirobac iyos (ix. �.� nawili).

4.11 eklesiisTvis dadgenili procedurebi

Senobebi, romlis mesakuTre religiuri organizaciebia, romlebsac kontrolis sakuTari sistemebi aqvs, ar eqvemdebareba siaSi Setanili Senobebis dadgenil SeTanxmebas (qalaqisa da soflis gegmarebis aqti ��0, S60), magram eqvemdebareba gegmarebis SeTanxmebas.

PPG 15 da mTavrobis mier gamocemuli ”eklesiis gaTavisufleba: ra aris es da rogor moqmedebs” (��), ganmartavs, Tu ras elis saxelmwifo imaTgan, vinc ar eqvemdebareba mis de-bulebebs, im principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom siaSi Setanili Senobebis eklesiuri da saero kontroli paritetuli unda iyos.

”eklesiebis movla da eklesiuri iurisdiqciis zomebi” (��) avaldebulebs anglikanur saepiskoposos saTaTbiro komitets

gadaxedos da Seafasos is xifaTi an danakargis xarisxi, rac SeiZleba miadges masalasa Tu arqeologiursa Tu istoriul naSTebs Tu cnobebs gamomdinare konservaciis, SekeTebis an gada-keTebis im winadadebebidan, romelic exeba salocav adgilebs, sasaflaoebs, samarovnebsa da maT SigTavss (katalogi 2, nawili 1b).

saepiskoposos saTaTbiro komiteti valdebulia hqondes Sesatyvisi cnobebi da xeli Seuwyos eklesiebisa da sasaflaoebis movla-patronobas.

eklesiis istoriul, arqiteqturul da arqeologiur mniSvnelovnebaze dagegmili cvli-lebebiT gamowveuli zegavlenis gaTvaliswinebis moTxovna gulisxmobs sxvadasxva procedu-rebs, romelTac Tavad saxelmwifos daqvemdebarebisgan ganTavisuflebulni atareben da ro-melnic Zalian hgavs siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa SeTanxmebas. salocavi adgilebis SekeTebisTvis xSirad saWiroa msgavsi nebarTva an SeTanxmebis miReba da am procesis mTavari nawili Cvens dokumentSi warmodgenili saelmZRvanelo principebia.

axali ”uflebamosilebis iurisdiqciis wesebi” (�000) sagangebod axsenebs ”mniSvnelova-nebis Sesaxeb gancxadebasa” an ”saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb gancxadebas” (wesi �(�)(a)) da aRniSnavs, rom Tuki dagegmilia siaSi Setanili eklesiis mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, ganmcxadeblebma unda waradginon ”gancxadeba mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb~ (romelic ajamebs eklesiis istoriul ganviTarebasa da adgens mniSvnelovan niSnebs) da ”gancxadeba saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb” (romelic ganmartavs risTvisaa saWiro es winadadeba da ratom ar SeiZleba mrevlis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba eklesiis Secvlis gareSe).

sistemis marTvisas, romelic msgavsad gegmarebis dadgenili sistemisa, iTvaliswinebs sa-locavi adgilebis istoriul, arqiteqturul da arqeologiur Tvisebebs, saeklesio orga-nizaciebma, raTa gadawyvetileba miRebul iqnes, unda warmoadginon imav donis informacia, rasac saero organizaciebi warmoadgenen xolme.

inglisis eklesiis meqanizmi warmoadgens uflebamosilebis iurisdiqciis sistemas da igive procedurebi tardeba romaul-kaTolikur, gaerTianebuli reformirebuli eklesiis, baptistebis da meTodistebis mierac.

4.12 samefo ojaxis wvlili ganviTarebaSi da Catarebuli samuSaoebi

DoE cirkulYarSi ��/�� daYarSi ��/�� daarSi ��/�� da PPG 15 (paragrafi �.�0) aRniSnulia, rom samefo ojaxi gaTa-visufalebulia dagegmvis, siaSi Setanili da sakonservacio arealebis kontrolisagan, magram mTavrobam ise gaariga, rom samefo organizaciebi Seasrulebdnen Tavis saqmes ise, TiTqos es kontroli xorcieldebodes. saxelmwifo organizaciebma unda aCvenon sakuTari istoriuli qonebis movlis samagaliTo standartebi.

- ��0 -

istoriuli Senobebisa da uZvelesi Zeglebis movla-patronobis damatebiTi rekomenda-ciebi saxelmwifo departamentebisTvis da organizaciebisTvis gamoqveynebulia inglisis mem-kvidreobis mier da ewodeba istoriuli Senobebisa da uZvelesi Zeglebis movla-patronoba _ saxelmZRvanelo principebi saxelmwifo departamentebisa da organizaciebisTvis (��).

5. movla-patronoba, SekeTeba da menejmentimovla-patronoba, SekeTeba da menejmenti `saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ am nawilSi axsnilia, ramdenad mniSvnelovania

gaazreba istoriuli Senobebisa da garemo landSaftis movla-patronobis,

SekeTebis da menejmentis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

istoriuli SenobebisTvis da maTi garemo landSaftisTvis mniSvnelovania maTi movla-pa-tronoba, SekeTeba da kargi menejmenti. Tumca, potenciurad amanac SeiZleba moutanos ziani RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebas. es SeiZleba gaufiqrebladac moxdes, magram mainc realuria.

kdka movla-patronobis, SekeTebisa da menejmentisTvis iseve gamoiyeneba, rogorc ufro didi samuSaoebis dagegmvisas, Tumca aris patara gansxvaveba samuSaos gansazRvrasa da da-kveTaSi.

5.1 movla-patronobanebismieri mesakuTris an menejeris umTavresi sazrunavia istoriuli Senobisa da garemo

landSaftis mudmivi movla, rac xels SeuSlis dResdReobiT mis Semdgom dazianebas da sam-omavlod Tavidan aacilebs did danaxarjebs. iseTi mcire samuSaoebisTvis, rogoricaa wyal-sadeni milebis gawmenda, saxuravebis SekeTeba da drenaJis meTvalyureoba, an landSaftis Sem-TxvevaSi, axaldarguli an ukve arsebuli mcenareebis menejmenti, umjobesia arsebuli mcire resursebis gamoyeneba, vidre didi samSeneblo SekeTebis wamowyeba, rodesac Zeglis mniSvne-lovneba ukve dazianebuli iqneba mouvlelobis gamo.

kompleqsuri RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis SemTxvevaSi, es gaazreba SeiZleba iyos warmodge-nili konservacia/menejmentis gegmaSi an gancxadebaSi (ix. VI nawili), romelic, sxva yvelafer-Tan erTad, moicavs rekomendaciebs momvleli personalisTvis.

kdka xels uwyobs iseT mcire samuSaoebs, rogoricaa daZvelebuli karis mosarTavebis, CaSenebuli mowyobilobebisa da gamarTulobis gamocvla, iatakis gawmenda, minis an saxuravis gadaRebva da SekeTeba. aseve mniSvnelovania imaSi darwmuneba, rom landSaftis menejmentSi CarTul personals gaaCnia sakmao informacia mis TariRsa da mniSvnelobaze.

personalma, romelic didi drois ganmavlobaSi uvlis RirsSesaniSnav adgils, kargad icis risi aRnusxvac Rirs samomavlod. amis safuZveli isaa, rom maT axsovT maTi an maTi wina-morbedebis Catarebuli samuSaoebi.

5.2 SekeTebaistoriuli Senobisa da misi garemo landSaftis SekeTeba ar moicavs mxolod tradiciu-

li masalebisa da teqnologiebis dadgenas. saWiroa imis gageba, Tu ratom aris mocemuli ad-gili mniSvnelovani, rogor aris misi mniSvnelovneba xorcSesxmuli qsovilSi da ra zegavlena eqneba masze SesaZlo SekeTebas.

yvela sasikeTo SekeTebis meTodi SeiZleba saziano gaxdes, Tu arasworad an uyuradRebod Catardeba. samagaliTod, SekeTebisas miyenebuli ziani SesaZloa iyos:

• mofxekam an zemodan gadavlam SeiZleba daazianos an dafaros adreuli baTqaSi da miCqmalos an gaaqros informacia Senobis istoriis Sesaxeb

• xis Secvlam SeiZleba mospos adreuli qsovili

• kedlis Semzadebam interieris remontis dros SeiZleba waSalos saRebavis pirveli fena da damalos freskebi an kedlis gamarTuloba

• saxuravis SekeTebam SeiZleba moutanos ziani iq mobinadre dacul saxeobebs, iseTi

- �� -

rogorc Ramurebia.

• wyalsatevebis amowmendam SeiZleba daazianos wylis sistema

• nawilobrivma daSlam SeiZleba daazianos kedlebis simrTele

• kedlis zedapirze warmoqmnili ekologia SeiZleba daikargos SekeTebis dros

• axalma drenaJma SeiZleba daazianos arqeologiuri naSTebi

• saxuravis tyviiT axlad dafarvam SeiZleba uneburad gamoiwvios istoriuli grafitis dazianeba

SekeTebis yvela samuSaos dros garkveuli gadawyvetilebebi xelmZRvanelma arqiteqtor-ma an zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxelem unda miiRos. ra odenobis SekeTebaa saWiro? ra ma-salaa yvelaze gamosadegi? ra meTodebis gamoyeneba sjobs mocemuli Senobisa da misi garemo landSaftisaTvis? rogor unda ganawildes saxsrebi muSaobis sxvadasxva sferoebs Soris? aris Tu ara raimes SekeTeba aucilebeli, Tu sjobs darCes rogorc aris? gadawyvetilebis marTebuloba mTlianad damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad gaiazra xelmZRvanelma arqiteqtorma da zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxelem Senoba da garemo landSafti. Senobaze warsulSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanmimdevrobis gaazreba xSirad gansazRvravs Seke-Tebisadmi midgomas an samuSaos masStabs.

SekeTebis programebis umetesoba unda iyos dafuZnebuli mocemuli Senobis Tundac uzo-gades gamokvlevaze, romelic warmoaCens Senobis sxvadasxva nawilebis da misi mdgomareobis xasiaTisa da mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebas. Tu SekeTebis programis Semdgenel specialists ar gaaCnia sakmarisi kvalifikacia Senobisa da garemo landSaftis interpretaciisTvis, an Tu SekeTebis masStabi an xasiaTi eWvs badebs, maSin aucilebelia anazomvisa da analizis ufro vrceli programis Sedgena samuSaos dawyebamde.

radgan Senoba SekeTebis dros ”ixsneba~, mosalodnelze meti SeiZleba SevityoT misi is-toriisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. momavali menejmentisTvis SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos im ele-mentebis dafiqsirebac, romelic SesaZloa ganadgurdes, an dairRves, an Caimalos (magaliTad, saxuravis konstruqcia). amgvaradve, muSaobisas SesaZlebelia landSaftis axali detalebis aRmoCenac. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gamocdilma analitikosma SeiZleba dadebiTi wvlili Seitanos SekeTebis samuSaoebis xarisxSi da daexmaros gauTvaliswinebeli danaxarjebis Tavi-dan acilebas. mWidro samuSao TanamSromloba gamoaCens, ragvarad waadgeba samuSaoebis dros Senobaze mopovebuli axali codna arqiteqtorisa da zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxelis mier SekeTebaze xelSekrulebis Sesrulebisas yoveldRiurad miRebul gadawyvetilebebs. erTi sityviT, Senobisa da misi garemo landSaftis gaazreba, remontis nebismieri kontraqtis ganuyofeli da ganmaviTarebeli nawili SeiZleba iyos. interpretacia nagebobis menejmentis proeqtis yvela etaps unda sdevdes Tan da ar iyos aRqmuli, rogorc mxolod akademiuri varjiSoba, dasawyisSive Casatarebeli da saerTodac zedmeti, Tu saxsrebi mwiria. Senobisa da landSaftis mdgomareobis diagnozi, Tanxebis ganawileba da SesakeTebeli teqnologiebis arCevani unda gamomdinareobdes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebidan.

SekeTebis programis dasrulebisas unda Sedges dokumenti, Tu ra samuSaoebi iqna Cata-rebuli da ratom. es unda moTavsdes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis arqivSi da xelmisawvdomi iyos SekeTebis momavali programebisTvis. es informacia SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli konservaciis gegmaSi (Tu aseTi arsebobs) an iqnes Setanili Senobis saregistracio JurnalSi, romelSic warmodgenilia muSaobis wina programebi.

5.3 teqnikuri angariSi, mdgomareobis Semowmeba da xuTwliani inspeqtireba am angariSs, rogorc wesi, amzadebs arqiteqtori an zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris moxele

grantze ganacxadis mxardasaWerad (an mis sapasuxod).xuT weliwadSi erTxel Catarebuli inspeqcia didi Senobebis (mag., taZrebis) kargi menej-

mentis sayovelTaod miRebuli wesia. msgavsi angariSebi SeiZleba momzaddes gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisuflebis pirobebis Sesabamisobis monitoringis farglebSi. aseTi angariSi kargi saSua-lebaa rom ganvixiloT

• safrTxeSi Caagdebs Tu ara romelime dagegmili samuSao qsovils

• aris Tu ara xelmisawvdomi am samuSaoebis CatarebisTvis sakmarisi informacia

• aris Tu ara saWiro damatebiTi analizi da ratom

- �� -

• analizis masStabi

• analizis vadebis dadgena, raTa misi Sedegebi droulad iyos miRebuli

• samuSaos SesaZlo xarjebi

• analizis yovelgvari SesaZlo zegavlena proeqtis winsvlasa da xarjebze.rogorc dadgenili SeTanxmebis ganacxadis SemTxvevaSi, memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Se-

fasebis principebis gamoyeneba aadvilebs imis dadgenas, aris Tu ara damatebiTi informacia saWiro da Tu aris, ra saxis da ra odenobis.

5.4 RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentiistoriuli Senobisa da landSaftis menejmenti rTuli saqmea da xSirad mravali sxva-

dasxva sakiTxis urTierTSeTanxmebas iTxovs (mag., mnaxvelebTan da maT jgufebTan urTierTo-bas) RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gansakuTrebul TvisebebTan mimarTebiT, iqneba es istoriuli, arqeologiuri, arqiteqturuli, landSaftisa, ekologiuri Tu xedis. amis mogvareba mxolod Teoriul doneze ar xdeba _ RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis SenaxvisTvis SeiZleba saWiro aRmoCndes mnaxvelebisgan Semosuli saxsrebi da, amave dros, amiT SeiZleba daziandes swored is, riTic fasobs es adgili.

kdka-s iseTive dadebiTi wvlili SeuZlia Seitanos istoriuli Senobisa da garemo landSaf-tis menejmentSi, rogoric mis SekeTebaSi, movlasa da gadakeTebaSi aqvs. rogorc yovelTvis, kdka-s saWiroebis dadgenisTvis aucilebelia Sefasdes, ra saxis saqmianobas SeuZlia RirsSe-saniSnavi adgilisTvis SesaZlebeli zianis miyeneba.

qvemoT mocemulia im saqmianobis magaliTebi, romlebic mogebas moutans RirsSesaniSnav adgils, Tumca maT dazianebac SeiZleba gamoiwvios:

• misawvdomoba (sazogadoebrivi, gansakuTrebuli aucilebloba)

• RonisZiebebi (garToba, aqciebi Ria cis qveS, filmis gadaReba)

• dasufTaveba

• movla-patronoba (ix. zemoT)

• interpretacia da prezentacia

• mebaReoba

• keTilmowyobiloba (gaTboba, wyalgayvaniloba, deni, kanalizacia)

• calobiT vaWroba

• dacvis saSualebebi (WiSkrebi, ganaTeba, kamerebi, saketebi)

• garemosmieri kontroli (mag. koleqciebisa).

menejmentis sakiTxebi xSirad ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs: magaliTad, veluri bunebis me-nejmentma SeiZleba daarRvios istoriuli simrTele; moTibvam daazianos veluri buneba; is-toriuli koleqciebisTvis damontaJebulma danadgarebma daazianos istoriuli interieri. kvleva, analizi da Seswavla uzrunvelyofs informacias im SesaZlebeli zianis Sesaxeb, rome-lic SeiZleba moitanos romelime amaTganma da am zianis Tavidan acilebis xerxebis Sesaxeb.

gansakuTrebiT didi istoriuli nagebobebisa da maTi garemo landSaftisTvis, romelsac sazogadoebrivi an korporatiuli moxmareba aqvs, sjobs gakeTdes problemebis momixilva konservaciis gancxadebis an ufro amomwuravi konservacia/menejmentis gegmis saxiT, vidre Catardes erTmaneTs daukavSirebeli kvlevebi sagangebo saxiT. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis aseTn-air menejers sakmarisi informacia eqneba, raTa man SeimuSavos menejmentis specifikuri stra-tegia da darwmundes, rom es strategia drois sakmaod didi periodis manZilze ar moutans zians RirsSesaniSnav adgils. ufro mcire moculobis adgilebisTvis kvleva maT kerZo moTx-ovnilebebzea mimarTuli.

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazreba eSveleba avariuli situaciebis marTvis dagegmvasa da saSiSroebis Sefasebis strategiasac.

- �� -

6. konservaciisa da menejmentis dagegmva`saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ am nawilSi aRwerilia istoriuli Senobebis da

maTi garemo landSaftis movlis strategia

aqamde, am `saxelmZRvanelo principebSi~ ganxiluli umetesi informacia specialurad konkretuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da konservaciis proeqtebis saWiroebebs miesadage-boda. zog SemTxvevaSi aseTi nawilobrivi midgoma ar aris Sesaferisi da ufro yovelmxrivi mimoxilvaa saWiro. am nawilSi axsnilia, Tu rodis SeiZleba ufro strategiuli dokumentebi iyos sasargeblo da ras unda Seicavdes isini.

6. 1. konservaciis gegmebi

konservaciis gegma warmoadgens dokuments, romelic asaxavs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniS-vnelovnebas da ganmartavs, Tu rogor iqneba es mniSvnelovneba daculi momavalSi, SekeTebis, cvlilebebis Setanis, ganviTarebis Tu marTvis gziT. igi gansxvavdeba ganxorcielebadobis analizisagan, an variantebis Sefasebebisagan imiT, rom masSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia adgi-lis mniSvnelovnebaze da imaze, Tu ra xdeba mis Tavs. konservaciis gegmebi eyrdnoba inteleq-tualur process, romelic moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad koncefciebs:

• gaazreba

• mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba

• konservaciis problebis dadgena (winaaRmdegobebisa da imis CaTvliT, Tu ramdenad daucvelia mniSvnelovaneba)

• mniSvnelovnebis SenarCunebis meTodebi

miuxedavad imisa, rom warmatebisken mimavali gza, TiTqosda sworxazovania, procesi SemoqmedebiTi, analitikuri, wilobrivi da sinTeturi unda iyos. kompleqsuri mosazrebebi da midgomebi unda warmodgenili iyos xelmisawvdomi formiT.

konservaciis gegmebi, Cveulebriv, Semdeg nawilebs Seicavs:

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazrebaSemorCenili qsovilis (maT Soris, nagebobebi, landSafti da gauTxreli arqeologi-

uri Zeglebi), analizi, romelic aerTianebs wyaroebis kvlevas, arqiteqturis istorias da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis arqeologiur gaazrebas droSi (fazirebis gamoyenebiT) da sivrceSi (geografiuli cnobaris gamoyenebiT). aseve sasargebloa mokled, sakvanZo movlenebis qro-nologiurad dalagebac.

mniSvnelovnebis Sefasebasaamisod RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazreba xdeba safuZveli im RirebulebaTa mkafiod

gansazRvrisa, rac am adgils mniSvnelovnad aqcevs arqiteqturuli, istoriuli, ekologiuri, arqeologiuri, socialuri, sulieri, saganmanaTleblo Tu samosaxlo erTobis TvalsazrisiT da imis warmoCenisa, Tu ra kavSirSia es Rirebulebebi SemorCenil qsovilTan da mis Semadge-nel nawilebTan. mniSvlelovnebis Sefasebis safuZveli ganmartebas moiTxovs.

problemebi da daucvelobaSefaseba imisa, Tu ra SemTxvevaSia mniSvnelovneba daucveli; SesaZloa, Sedegad marTvis

struqturisa, fizikuri mdgomareobisa, resursebis codnis naklebobisa, axali ganviTarebisa, sakanonmdeblo an debulebis moTxovnebisa (mag., konkretuli saWiroebis mqone adamianebisT-vis advilad misadgomi gzis gayvana), saTanado gamoyenebis arsebobisa (an naklebobisa), kon-servaciis midgomis Secvlisa, mudmivad dazianebisa, winaaRmdegobisa sxvadasxva tipis Rireb-ulebaTa Soris, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis aspeqtebis gaazrebis an informaciis naklebobisa, an adre Catarebuli samuSaoebis zegavlenisa. es nawili agreTve gansazRvravs mniSvnelovnebis gamovlenis SesaZleblobebs.

- �� -

sakonservacio politikaes Tavi warmogvidgens RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis, momavalSi misi nebism-

ieri saxiT gamoyenebis, SekeTebis an marTvisas, SenarCunebis politikasa da saxelmZRvanelo principebs. politika unda gamomdinareobdes dadgenili, dagegmili da debulebiT gansaz-Rvruli farTo sistemidan an masTan Tavsebadi iyos. politikis asparezi SeiZleba iyos mag., konservaciis, SekeTebis prioritetebis gansazRvra, Sesaferisi gamoyenebis amocnoba, unar-SezRudulTaTvis misasvlelis mowyoba, usafrTxoebis moTxovnebi, momsaxurebiT uzrunve-lyofa, im meqanizmebis gansazRvra, rac saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis momavalSi da momaval ganviTarebaze saTanado kontrolis SemuSaveba. politika unda eyrdnobodes mniS-vnelovnebis Sefasebas da unda iZleodes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis sasikeTod samarTavad Semo-qmedebiTi midgomis SesaZleblobas.

ganxorcielebaraTa ukeT gamosayenebeli iyos, konservaciis gegma unda oficialurad iyos damtkicebu-

li RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mmarTveli organos mier, an CarTuli iyos grantis, an dawesebuli SeTanxmebis pirobebSi. didi zomis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebisaTvis an organizaciebisaTvis, konservaciis gegmaSi unda gansazRvruli iyos, Tu vin iqneba pasuxismgebeli gegmis ganxor-cielebaze da rom axali samuSaoebi Catardeba gegmaSi wamoyenebuli principebis Tanaxmad. zogierTma adgilobrivma gegmarebis sammarTvelom daamtkica konservaciis gegmebi calkeuli RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebisTvis, rogorc gegmarebis damatebiTi saxelmZRvanelo.

danarTebidetaluri informacia (mag., geografiuli cnobari) unda ganTavsdes danarTebSi, raTa

mTavari dokumenti sxarti iyos.daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia agreTve dokumentis mokle reziumes da Sesaval nawils, sadac

axsnili iqneba, Tu ra pirobebSi iyo igi Sedgenili.Semdgomi detalebi asaxulia `istoriuli adgilebis konservaciis gegmeb”-Si (konserva-

ciis latariis fondi �� w.) da ̀ konservaciis gegmebi moqmedeba”-Si (inglisuri memkvidreoba �� w.)

6. 2 gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb

gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb warmoadgens igive principebze dafuZnebuli konserva-ciis gegmis Semoklebul versias.

igi iyenebs mza, xelmisawvdom, arsebul informacias RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Taobaze misi qronologiis, SemorCenili sakvanZo elementebis, mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis, mTavari sakonservacio sakiTxebis gansazRvris da ZiriTadi meTodebis werilobiTi gadmoce-misaTvis. man agreTve unda gansazRvros RirsSesaniSnav adgilze Cveni codnis xarvezebi da is problemebi, romlebic masze gavlenas axdens. Tu xarvezebi seriozulia, maSin gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, rogorc sruli konservaciis gegmis reziumes safuZveli. gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb ar aris iseTi yovlismomcveli, rogorc konser-vaciis gegma da naklebad Tu iqneba imav zomiT moSveliebuli.

gancxadebas konservaciis Sesaxeb, Cveulebriv, adgens RirsSesaniSnav adgilze momuSave specialisti (Tuki iq aseTi eyolebaT). igi agreTve SeiZleba Sedgenili iyos konsultantis mier.

gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, rogorc safuZveli iseTi cal-saxa RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis momavalis gansazRvrisas, rogorc soflis meurneobisTvis gamoyenebuli miwis Zveli nageboba, an mrevlis eklesiaa, sadac araa mosalodneli raime mniS-vnelovani winadadebebi. gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb naklebad Tu Seicavs sakmao informa-cias iseTi winadadebis momzadebisTvis, rac exeba mniSvnelovan fizikur intervencias rTul, sakamaTo, an gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone RirsSesaniSnav adgilSi. aseT SemTxvevebSi ufro Sesaferisi iqneba vixelmZRvaneloT an konservaciis gegmiT, an kdka-Ti, romelic morge-buli iqneba proeqtis saWiroebebs.

- �� -

6. 3. menejmentis gegmebi

konservaciis mravali specialisti ukve iyenebs menejmentis gegmebs, RirsSesaniSnavi ad-gilis movlis RonisZiebebis dasaxvis mizniT. saamiso magaliTebs Sorisaa istoriuli land-Saftis menejmentis gegmebi, Sedgenili memkvidreobis miRebis gadasaxadidan ganTavisuflebis, an msoflio memkvidreobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentis gegmebTan kavSirSi. koleq-ciaTa menejmentis gegma SeiZleba profesionalma kuratorma Seadginos.

Sefaseba

• RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazreba

• mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba

• problemebis gansazRvra

• politikis dasaxva

qmedebebi

• menejmentis miTiTebebi

• biujeti da qmedebebi

• savaraudo Sefaseba

• ganxorcielebadobis analizi

• biznesis dagegmva

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentis pirveli etapi gulisxmobs imis Sefasebas, Tu ras aqvs aq fasi da ratom _ Cveulebriv, esaa konservaciis gegma. menejmentis specifikuri samuSaoebi, an detaluri miTiTebebi unda mosdevdes da ara win uswrebdes am ukanasknels.

terminologia asaxavs ufro sxvadasxva sakonservacio profesiul saqmianobas da ara raime mniSvnelovan inteleqtualur gansxvavebebs. Tu inglisSi konservaciis gegma gansxvavde-ba menejmentis gegmisagan, sul cota, es, Cveulebriv, imas niSnavs, rom ufro didi yuradReba eqceva muSaobis programas, vidre im gansjebs, rac mas win uZRvoda.

amgvarad, menejmentis gegma, Cveulebriv, unda Seicavdes dacvis da movla-patronobis samuSaoebis specialur ganrigs, xSirad fasebis miTiTebiT. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu sazogadoebis subsidiis (rogoricaa gadasaxadidan ganTavisufleba, an grantis daxmareba) sanacvlod, movlisa da menejmentisTvis gansakuTrebuli SemarTebaa saWiro.

amis sapirispirod, konservaciis gegma wina adgilze ayenebs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis da misi mniSvnelobis analizs, magram ar scdeba mniSvnelovnebis SenarCunebis kurss da ganxor-cielebis strategias. es xdeba imitom, rom konservaciis gegmebi xSirad gamoiyeneba miznebis bevrad ufro farTo speqtrisTvis. ganviTarebis axali winadadebebi momdinareobs gegmidan, magram ar aris masSi CarTuli. amis mizezia is, rom aseTi winadadebebi SesaZloa sakamaTo an droebiTi iyos da maTi CarTva konservaciis gegmaSi gaxdis mas raime Secdomis gamarTlebad da ara mniSvnelovani Zeglis SenarCunebis ZiriTad principad.

ragindara terminologiiT, aseTi dokumentebi saRi azrovnebis procesidan unda amo-diodes _ efuZnebodes gaazrebas, mniSvnelovnebis Sefasebas, problemebis da daucvelobis analizs da mniSvnelovani Zeglis SenarCunebis politikas. Tu gaazreba win uswrebs samuS-aoebis warmoebas, procesi kargad Catardeba. meore mxriv, Tu menejmentis da ganviTarebis winadadebebi am gaazrebis gareSea Camoyalibebuli, mniSvnelovani Zegli didad SesaZlebelia safrTxeSi aRmoCndes.

konservaciis dagegmvis procesis da terminologiis Sedgenis upiratesoba imaSi mdgo-mareobs, rom am SemTxvevaSi Cven xelT aris SedarebiT martivi koncefciebis wyeba, romelic erTmaneTSi aerTianebs konservaciis sxvadasxva profesiebis praqtikas, iqneba es landSaftis

konservaciis gegma

menejmentis gegma

- �� -

menejmenti, istoriuli nagebobebi, zedamxedveloba, Tu arqeologia da ayalibebs saerTo midgomas. erTiani midgomac SesaZloa sasargeblo aRmoCndes imisTvis, rom winaswar ganvsWvri-toT da Tavidan aviridoT is winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic warmoiSveba sxvadasxva tipis mniS-vnelovnebaTa marTvisas.

6. 4. rodis aris isini gamosadegi?

xSirad konservaciis specialists uWirs daadginos, ra saxis dokumenti esaWiroeba da rodis. amgvarad, gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos:

• nebismieri proeqtis SemuSavebis sul dasawyisSi

• swrafi mimoxilvis Casatareblad

• rodesac arsebobs sakonservacio SezRudvebi da SesaZlebobebi, romlebic rac Sei-Zleba adre unda iqnes gagebuli

• rogorc xerxi, Tavidanve erTad SevkriboT proeqtSi monawile mTavari speciali-stebi (gansakuTrebiT isini, visi specialoba ar aris konservacia) da davakavoT isini konservaciis problemebiT

• dainteresebuli mxaris monawileobis gasaadvileblad

unda gvaxsovdes, rom gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb ar aris yovlismomcveli dokumenti, ase rom, masze dayrdnobiT, ZiriTadi proeqtis TvalsazrisiT, arc Tu uxifaToa saboloo gadawyvetilebis amgvari zedapiruli mimoxilvis safuZvelze miReba.

konservaciis gegma SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos proeqtSi, sadac:

• gancxadebam konservaciis Sesaxeb gansazRvra RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis ufro yovlis-momcveli mimoxilvis aucilebloba manam, sanam miRebul iqna Semdgomi gadawyvetile-bebi

• RirsSesaniSnav adgils gaaCnia sxvadasxva saxeobis memkvidreoba da kulturuli fa-seulobani (mag., Senobebi, landSaftebi, koleqciebi, ekologia), rac mTlianobaSi qmnis rTuli da potenciurad winaaRmdegobrivi menejmentis aucileblobas

• RirsSesaniSnav adgils istoriulad utardeba TandaTanobiTi intervencia da xel-sayreli pirobebi arsebobs mflobelisa da pasuxismgebeli organosaTvis strate-giuli mimoxilvis Casatareblad

• RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis aspeqtebi arasworadaa aRqmuli, rac problemebs uqmnis menejmentsa da cvlilebebis Setanas

• arsebobs menejmentis rTuli struqtura (mag., ramodenime sxvadasxva mflobeli, an RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis gamo konkurirebadi moTxovnebi)

konservaciis menejmentis gegma _ konservaciis gegma, romelsac Tan axlavs muSaobis dawvrilebiTi programa _ SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos iq, sadac

• arsebobs movlis an menejmentis xarjebisTvis valdebulebis aRebis gamoCenis aucile-bloba, sazogadoebis raime saxiT subsidiis sanacvlod, mag., rogorc memkvidreobis miRebis gadasaxadidan ganTavisuflebis nawili, an rogorc grantis an samuSaoebis Catarebaze ganacxadis SeTanxmebis piroba.

6. 5. mimarTeba gegmasa da proeqts Soris

mas Semdeg, rac Sedgeba konservaciis gegma, SesaZlebeli xdeba SekeTebis, cvlilebebis Setanis, ganviTarebis da menejmentis detaluri strategiis SemuSaveba. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, konservaciis gegma ar unda Seicavdes winadadebebs axali samuSaos konkretul sakiTxebze; masSi wamoyenebuli unda iyos principebi, romelic dagvexmareba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. idealur SemTxvevaSi, winadadebebi axali samuSaoebisaTvis wamoyenebuli unda iyos mas Semdeg, rac gegma ukve Sedgenilia, praqtikaSi ki, isini TiTqmis paralelurad Cndeba. aseT

- ��7 -

SemTxvevebSi, sakiTxis pragmatuli gadawyveta SesaZloa iyos memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesis gamoyeneba, raTa SevudaroT winadadebebi gzadagza warmoqmnil gaazrebas imisa, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani da ramdenad daucvelia igi.

memkvidreobaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesi aseve SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas maSin, rodesac gegma ukve Sedgenili da damtkicebulia imis saCveneblad, rom axali winadadebebi, an menejmentis meTodebi srul SesabamisobaSia konservaciis gegmaSi wamoyenebul principebTan da aseve imisTvis, rom aRmovaCinoT raime susti mxareebi.

6. 6. visi dasaweria gegma?

ar arsebobs erTi specialisti, rac ginda kvalificirebuli iyos igi, vinc marto dawers konservaciis gegmas. msgavsad kdka-s sxva formebisa, konservaciis dagegmva moiTxovs mTel rig sferoebSi gamocdilebis erTobliobas, dawyebuli istoriuli kvlevidan da arqeologi-uri analizidan, dagegmvis kanonmdeblobis da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentis codnamde. pirovnebas, romelic Seadgens gegmas, unda SeeZlos procesis gaadvileba imiT, rom warmoaCi-nos ZiriTadi dainteresebuli mxareebis Sexedulebebs seminarebis, an TanamSromlobis raime sxva formiT. maT unda esmodeT, Tu codnis ra xarvezebi aqvT da rogor, an vin unda Seavsos es xarvezebi. maT unda SeeZloT kargad wera da rTuli informaciis dalageba.

gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom sruli datvirTviT muSaoba advili ar aris; magaliTad, iyo RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentis gundis wamyvani wevri da, amave dros, adgende konser-vaciis gegmas. procesi gulisxmobs proeqtis erTad xazvas da uzarmazari informaciis (amas-Tan, xSirad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis) mkafio, miukerZovebeli da advilad xelmisawvdomi saxiT mowodebas.

Tuki RirsSesaniSnav adgilze momuSave specialisti(ebi) unda uZRvebodes gegmis reziumes Sedgenas, daanawilos valdebulebebi da zedamxedveloba gauwios samuSaoebs, mas realurad, aRar rCeba dro da SesaZleboba TviTon Seadginos gegma.

6. 7. konservaciis gegmis reziumeebi

konservaciis gegma SeiZleba iyos Zalian didi moculobis, an SedarebiT mokle doku-menti, gamomdinare RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis raobidan da im funqciebidan, rasac pasuxibs dokumenti.

uzustobebis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT (gansakuTrebiT, maSin rodesac gegmis damkveTi gareSe konsultantia), menejeris, mflobelis, an specialistisTvis sasargeblo iqneba konser-vaciis gegmis reziumes Sedgena. mas Semdeg, rac rezume momzaddeba, gegmaze pasuxismgebeli specialisti unda Seudges proeqtis xarjTaRricxvis Sedgenas, sadac gamovlindeba, Tu ro-gor iqneba dakmayofilebuli reziumes moTxovnebi.

konservaciis gegmis standartuli reziume, romelic SeiZleba morgebuli iyos calkeul RirsSesaniSnav adgilze, warmodgenilia inglisis memkvidreobis gamocemaSi konservaciis gegmebi moqmedebaSi (��).

6. 8. dainteresebuli mxaris monawileoba

rogorc wesi, konservaciis gegma sxvebTan erTad TanamSromlobiT dgeba. da marTlac, es aris qmediTi xerxi Tavi moeyaros adamianebsa da interesebs. konsultaciebis da TanamSrom-lobis procesi (da dro, rac mas sWirdeba) amgvarad, warmoadgens gegmis mniSvnelovan nawils da yvela ganacxadSi unda iyos Cadebuli.

konsultaciasa da TanamSromlobas Soris mkveTri gansxvavebaa. konsultacia gulisxmobs dokumentis an problemebis Taobaze sxvaTa Sexedulebebis gamokiTxvas; TanamSromloba ki gulisxmobs am adamianebis aqtiur CarTvas dokumentis formirebaSi. Tu konservaciis gegmas safuZvlad udevs mniSvnelovneba, es mniSvnelovneba, TiTqmis ueWvelad gadaaWarbebs mxolod specialistTa mier dasadgen Rirebulebebs; amgvarad, Tu konservaciis gegmam adekvaturad unda asaxos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovneba, dainteresebuli mxaris wvlili arsebiTia.

mniSvnelovania, rom isini, vinc dakavSirebulni arian RirsSesaniSnav adgilTan (mflobe-li, specialistebi, adgilze momuSave TanamSromlebi), monawileobas iRebdnen gegmis SedgenaSi

- �� -

da Tavisi codniT wili Seitanon mimdinare procesebSi. es SeiZleba gakeTdes seminarebis, kv-levebis, gamofenebis an diskusiebis gziT. SerCeuli meTodi unda Seeferebodes RirsSesaniS-nav adgils, konteqstsa da procesebSi CarTul samosaxlo erTobas. gegmis Semdgenel special-ists unda hyofnides gamocdileba da sifaqize imisTvis, rom mousminos da imuSaos sxvadasxva jgufebTan da CarTos es jgufebi mimdinare procesebSi.

Tu arsebobs konservaciis gegmis mmarTveli jgufi, mas unda SeeZlos daexmaros pirovne-bas, romelic gegmas adgens, marTos procesi (magram ara gegmis Sinaarsi). mas SeuZlia gaaad-vilos midgoma wamyvan TanamSromlebTan, gansazRvros dainteresebuli mxareebi da mxari dau-Wiros nebismier RonisZiebas, rac gazrdis gegmis popularobas. mmarTvel jgufs SeuZlia miuTiTos sxva TanamSromlebs gegmis mniSvnelovnebaze, sanam isini uSualod CaerTvebodnen saqmianobaSi.

sazogadoebis monawileoba garemoze zemoqmedebis SefasebaSi ufro da ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba. amJamad ganixileba evropuli direqtiva mis Taobaze.

6. 9. ganxorcieleba da ganxilva

konservaciis mravali strategiuli dokumenti ver aRwevs dasaxul miznebs, radgan isi-ni ugulebelyofilia. sqeltaniani angariSebi, savse faseuli informaciiT, usargeblodaa Taroze Semodebuli.

procesi Sedegis momtani rom iyos, saWiroa dafiqreba imaze, Tu rogor gamoviyenoT dokumenti. dokumentis aRnagoba, Sesruleba, iolad wakiTxva iseve exmareba mas, rogorc kon-sultacia-TanamSromlobis warmateba Tu warumatebloba.

da mainc, organizaciaTa umetesobisTvis saWiro iqneba gegmis miRebisa da ganxorcielebis formaluri procedura imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom gegma gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela mniS-vnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebisas. did organizaciebSi, romlebic RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs marTavs, unda arsebobdes ganyofileba an konkretuli pirovneba, romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneba gegmis ganxorcielebis zedamxedvelobaze da, aseve, pasuxismgeblobebis mkafio jaWvi imisTvis, rom gegmis Sedegebi gamoyenebuli iyos strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas. sxva SemTxvevebSi, ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli SesaZloa TviT mflobeli iyos. grantis mimniWebel an kanoniT dadgenil organoebs SeuZlia daxmareba gauwios gegmis gamoyenebas aq-tiuri mxardaWeris an dialogis gziT.

iq, sadac arsebobs menejmentis formaluri struqtura, sabWos wevrebi, an mmarTveli organo, konservaciis gegma oficialurad unda iyos damtkicebuli, raTa integrirebul iqnas momaval menejmentSi.

da bolos, saWiro iqneba dokumentis gadaxedva. konservaciis dagegmva warmoadgens pro-cess, romelic SeiZleba grZeldebodes RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mTeli arsebobis manZilze, xolo viTareba da adgilis Cveneuli aRqma ki icvleba. konservaciis gegmis regularuli gadaxedva uzrunvelyofs mis aqtualobas da, garda amisa, es monitoringis, misi efeqtiurobis nawilicaa. gegmis monitoringis aucilebloba SeiZleba CarTuli iyos organizaciis menejmen-tis valdebulebebSi.

6. 10. sakonservacio arealis Sefaseba

konservaciis gegmebi, gancxadebebi konservaciis Sesaxeb da konservacia/menejmentis geg-mebi ar aris strategiuli dokumentebis erTaderTi saxeobebi, romelic gamoiyeneba adgilis mniSvnelovnebis Sesafaseblad.

rogorc aRiniSna nawilSi �. �, sakonservacio areali warmoadgens areals, romlis xasiaTi sasurvelia SenarCunebuli an gamokveTili iyos. rac ufro naTladaa warmoCenili es xasiaTi Tu Tvisebebi, miT ufro advilia cvlilebebi marTo ise, rom maT ziani ar miayeno. sakonser-vacio arealis Sefaseba farTod gamoiyeneba, rogorc misi xasiaTis gansazRvris xerxi.

aseTi Sefasebebi, umeteswilad, aRweriTia, topografiis, arqeologiis, Senobebis, sivr-ceebis, gamoyenebuli masalis, xeebis da mcenareebis, xedebis, amJamindeli funqciebis, dana-kargebis da neitraluri elementebis gaazrebiT dawyebuli. sakonservacio arealis Sefasebis momzadebis Taobaze Semdgomi miTiTebebi mocemulia sakonservacio arealis Sefasebebi: sakon-servacio arealis gansakuTrebuli arqiteqturuli da istoriuli Tvisebebis gansazRvra-Si (inglisis memkvidreoba, ��7).

- �� -

sakonservacio arealis Sefaseba ganpirobebulia arealis gaazrebiT, romelSic kdka-s meTodebia gamoyenebuli. msgavsad konservaciis gegmisa, sakonservacio arealis Sefaseba Sei-Zleba Seicavdes mniSvnelovnebis ufro specifikur Sefasebas da garkveul analizs imisa, Tu ramdenad daucvelia igi, rac dagvexmareba misi xasiaTis SenarCunebis, an gamokveTis princi-pebis gansazRvraSi.

6. 11. siaSi Setanil nagebobaTa menejmentis ZiriTadi principebi

�� wels inglisis memkvidreobam gamoaqveyna siaSi Setanili nagebobebis menejmentis ganviTarebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi _ politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romelic eqomageba siaSi Setanili nagebobebis cvlilebebis menejmentisTvis ufro aqtiur midgomas, siaSi Setanili nagebobebis menejmentis rekomendaciebis gamoyenebis gziT. aseTi `principebi~ gvexmareba davadginoT, Tu raSi mdgomareobs nagebobis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebi da, aqedan gamomdinare, ra cvlilebebi ar daazianebs mis Tvisebebs.

`principebi~ unda eyrdnobodes nagebobis analitikur aRweras, romelic avlens gansa-kuTrebuli Tvisebebis aspeqtebs, mag. proeqtis arsi da konteqsti, gegmis forma, struqtura, datixrva, damxmare sadgomebi, feradovneba, Tu saWiroa, Senobis ganvrcobac misi dasrulebis Semdgom. pirvelwyarod gamodgeba TviT nageboba da yovelnairi sabuTebi masze. am cnobaTa Semtkiceba Tu maTi misawvdomi formiT motana sagangebo kvleva-fiqsacias moiTxovs. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom saboloo dokumenti SeiZleba SedarebiT mokle da lakoniuri gamovides, siaSi Setanili nagebobebis menejmentis `principebi~ eyrdnoba nagebobis saTanado gaazrebas da, amgvarad, istoriuli garemos marTvis procesSi analizisa da kvlevis Semoyvanis kidev erTi gzaTagania.

7. istoriul nagebobaTa da landSaftebis gaazrebis xerxebiCveni `saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ es nawili ufro detalurad warmogvidgens xerxebs,

romelnic SeiZleba gamoviyenoT istoriuli nagebobebis da maTi landSaftis gaazrebisas.

7. 1 mecnieruli standartebi

istoriuli nagebobebis an landSaftebis analizi axali ram ar gaxlavT. marTlac, is-toriuli nagebobebis yvelaze sargo analizebi XIX s.-sa an XX s.-is damdegs praqtikosi spe-cialistebis mieraa Catarebuli, romlebic iyenebdnen dokumentur kvlevas, dawvrilebiT Sesrulebul naxazebs da iseT kategoriebs, rogoricaa tipologia, arqiteqturis ZiriTadi stilebis ganviTarebis gansazRvrisaTvis. landSaftebisTvis umdidres dokumentur wyaros tradiciuli topografiuli gamosaxulebebi warmoadgens. am adrindeli namuSevrebidan bevri ram SeiZleba SevityoT. maTi saintereso mimoxilvaa mocemulia uaruik roduelis saeklesio arqeologia-Si (��).

gasuli saukunis pirveli naxevridan moyolebuli moxda arqiteqturis istoriisa da ar-qeologiis gancalkeveba, nawilobriv, orives mxridan TiToeuli maTganis Teoriuli safuZv-lis arasworad gagebis gamo. �� wlis konferenciaze, romelic eZRvneboda SenobaTa arqeo-logias, riCard morisonma aRniSna, rom `arqiteqturis zogierTma istorikosma arqeologia masxrad aigdo, rogorc mxolooden areul-dareul monacemTa Senakrebis Zvirad Rirebuli mouqneli sistema, xolo mTelma rigma arqeologebma ki saTanadod ver daafases arqiteqturis da xelovnebaTmcodneobis daxvewili meTodebi~ (vudi, �� w. �7).

multidisciplinaruli konservaciis warmoebis moTxovnilebaTa konteqstSi, romlis mizania RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovnebis SenarCuneba, am sityvis yvelaze farTo gage-biT, mecnierul metoqeobas da disciplinebs Soris sazRvrebis gavlebas araviTari gamarTle-ba ara aqvs.

aq mniSvnelovania is, rom RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gaazreba unda Seesabamebodes mec-nierul standartebs da kvlevis ufarToes farglebSi xdebodes.

konservaciasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri kvlevis, an analizis saboloo mizani nagebobis

- ��0 -

an adgilis mniSvnelovnebis dadgena unda iyos. rakiRa mniSvnelovneba efuZneba mecnierul an akademikur Rirebulebebs, romelTa avtoritetuloba gamoqveynebuli gamokvlevebidan gamom-dinareobs, aucilebelia am literaturis da wyaroebis codna da maTi miTiTeba.

magaliTad, romelime konkretuli arqiteqtoris Senobis Sefaseba unda xdebodes am ar-qiteqtoris sxva namuSevrebis codnis CarCoebSi; romelime samrewvelo danadgaris analizi unda eyrdnobodes am sferos farTo codnas; gamorCeuli landSaftis gageba damokidebulia landSaftis proeqtirebis ufro vrceli istoriis codnaze. ra Tqma unda, garkveuli pragma-tizmic saWiroa _ yvela Sefaseba sqolioebs ar moiTxovs _ da am `principebis~ mizania dagva-naxos, Tu rogor SeiZleba movargoT mecnieruli sakvlevi, proeqtis saWiroebebs.

7. 2. istoriuli kvleva

istoriuli kvleva iZleva konservaciis praqtikuli samuSaoebisTvis saWiro informacias, magram misi ufro farTo mizania, daadginos Senobis arqiteqturuli da istoriuli Tvisebebi. codnis da gaazrebis ufro maRali done ar unda miiCneodes ram zedmetobad, igi procesis ganuyofeli nawili unda iyos.

istoriul SenobebTan dakavSirebuli proeqti, romelic ar iwyeba istoriuli kvleviT ufro gamonaklisia, vidre wesi. istoriuli kvleva naTels mohfens adgilisa Tu Senobis istoriis an ganviTarebis mowmobebs da mogvawodebs cnobebs mSeneblobis, Setanili cvlile-bebis da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb uadresi droidan dRevandel dRemde, iseve, rogorc saintereso informacias masTan dakavSirebul calkeul pirovnebebsa da movlenebze.

7. 2. 1. wyaroebis gamoyenebakvlevis dawyebis pirveli nabiji unda iyos gawafuli konsultantis SerCeva; es niSnavs

wyaroebis kargad codnas da maTgan miRebuli informaciis amokrebis da warmoCenis gamoc-dilebas.

wyaroebis SerCeva rogorc RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis raobaze, ise winadadebazea damokide-buli. umetesi kvlevebi unda daiwyos ucnobilesi wyaroebidan, rogoricaa dacvaze ayvanis dokumentacia da etalonuri naSromebi (mag. kolvini, �� w., an `pevzneris arqiteqturuli megzuri~) da arsebuli meoradi wyaroebi, konkretuli adgilis an nagebobis Sesaxeb, Tu zoga-dad aseTi tipis adgilebis Sesaxeb.

xSirad, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da Zeglebis aRnusxvis adgilobrivi sammarTvelo Ses-aferisi adgilia kvlevis programebis SemuSavebisaTvis, radgan iqaurma TanamSromlebma kargad ician adgilobrivi RirsSesaniSnaobani da informaciis wyaroebi. xSirad arsebobs RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilis eqspertiza da, amdenad, mniSvnelovania saqmianobis dawyebisTanave kontaqtis damyareba im adamianebTan, romlebic floben garkveul informacias. amis Semdgom, kvleva unda mimdinareobdes Sesabamis arqivebSi _ inglisis erovnuli memkvidreobis erovnul ZeglTa nusxisa iqneba Tu adgilobrivi aRmnusxveli dawesebulebisa _ da bolos ki specialur arqi-vebSi. kvleva arasdros unda iyos SezRuduli adgilobriv moZiebuli masaliT, da rogorc es xSirad xdeba, gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone informacia SeiZleba moipovebodes erovnul arqivebSi, romelnic adre yuradRebis miRma darCa.

zogadad, muSaoba Tavidan koncentrirebuli unda iyos im wyaroebze, romlebic avlens RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis qsovilis istoriis mowmobebs rogoricaa, rukebi, gegmebi, fotomasa-la an raime sxva asaxulobebi. garda am wyaroebisa, arsebobs mTeli rigi cnobebisa, dawyebuli Tavdapirveli aqtebidan, XX saukunis nagebobis arqiteqtoris zepir monaTxrobamde. cnobebis miRebisTvis yvelaze mZime periodia (da xSirad yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani im TvalsazrisiT, rom gavigoT, Tu ra daemarTa Senobas misi agebis Semdeg) bolo samocdaTxuTmeti weli, radgan umetesi wyaroebi jer ar aris Sesuli arqivebSi.

7. 2. 2. rukis aRdgena pirvandel mdgomareobamdebevri proeqtisTvis didad sasargeblo iqneba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis rukis pirvandeli

mdgomareobis sruli aRdgena. es gulisxmobs yvela Sesaferisi rukis aslis mogrovebas, dawye-buli yvelaze bolo droindeli didi masStabis ordnansis rukebidan (Ordnance Survey sheets), warsulis yvela periodis rukebis mTeli wyebiT damTavrebuli, iqneba es OS, Tithe an mam-ulebis rukebi. es rukebi aRdgenili unda iyos maT Tavdapirvel masStabSi da gamosaxavdes sakmaris areals RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis da misi landSaftis identificirebisaTvis. aseve maT

- �� -

unda axldes TxrobiTi ganmartebebi, rac gansazRvravs TvalsaCino Taviseburebebs da Seicavs konteqstualur da ganmartebiT informacias.

aseve SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes rukis Seqmna, sadac erTian masStabSi iqneba gamo-saxuli adgilis ganviTarebis sakvanZo etapebis amsaxveli yoveli momdevno fena, rac Tavs mouyris rukebidan, dokumentebidan da qsovilidan mopovebul informacias.

Zveli rukebi cudad eqvemdebareba aRdgenas. Tu es nebadarTulia, am rukebze (an maT foto aslebze) SeiZleba Zalze frTxili konturebis Semovleba ise, rom kargad gamoCndes xeliT Sesrulebuli detalebi, mag., isini, romlebic Sesworebebze miuTiTebs.

7. 2. 3. istoriuli saxebaniZalze sargoa topografiuli an sxva naxazebi, gamoqveynebuli xedebi da istoriuli fo-

tosuraTebi. maTi mopoveba SesaZloa Zneli iyos, radgan mravali im adgilTagani, sadac isinia daculi sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebSi araa aRricxuli. maTi mdebareobis dadgenaze daxar-juli dro fuWad ar Caivlis, radgan es gamosaxulebani gvixatavs Tavdapirvel konteqsts da maT SeuZlia mogviTxros, rogorc Senobis daniSnulebaze da masSi Setanil cvlilebebze, aseve originalis ideologiur mizanze.

dasawyisisTvis, axlac yvelaze gamosadegia topografiuli koleqciebis barlis cnobari (barli, ��7� w.). SesaZlo wyaroebi Seicavs calkeuli Zeglebis kvlevebis nakrebs da ̀ erovnuli Zeglebis nusxis~ saZiebels. topografiuli gamosaxulebani aseve xelovnebisa da istoriis iseT muzeumebSi moipoveba, rogoricaa viqtoria da albert muzeumi, britaneTis muzeumi da naxazebis koleqcia britaneTis arqiteqturis samefo institutSi (yvelaze didi am saxis koleqciebidan gaerTianebul samefoSi). saWiroa sifrTxile masalis gamoyenebisas, romlis kopireba sirTules ar warmoadgens da saavtoro uflebebis normebis dacva.

7. 2. 4. sxva wyaroebirac ufro vaRrmavebT kvlevas, miT ufro mravalferovani wyaroebi xdeba saWiro. pirve-

li, visac am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT unda mivmarToT, iqneba obieqtis axlandeli mflobeli, visac unda hqondes mflobelobis uflebis damamtkicebeli dokumenti. kvlevis dawyebisas up-irvelesi saqmea, aRvadginoT obieqtis mflobelobis da ijaris martivi qronologia. urbanul konteqstSi, gamosadegi iqneba gadasaxadebis siebi, an sagadasaxado davTrebi. rac Seexeba gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis nagebobaTa tips, maT specialuri wyaroebi dasWirdeba (mag., rkinigzis kompaniis Canawerebi).

Zalze sasargebloa standartuli wesiT gamoqveynebuli meoradi wyaroebi, rogoricaa sagrafos cnobarebi, gamocemuli inglisis istoriuli Zeglebis samefo komisiis (RCHME), viqtorias sagrafo istoriis da `inglisis nagebobaTa~ seriis mier, iseve rogorc XIX-XX sau-kuneebis perioduli gamocemebi, romlebic uSualod arqiteqturas eZRvneba. wyaroebis sruli speqtrisTvis, mkvlevarma aseve unda mimarTos perioduli literaturis mravalricxovan mi-moxilvebs, rogoricaa The Victorian Periodicals Newsletter.

7. 2. 5. miTiTebebiyvela saxis wyaroebi, iqneba es rukebi, asaxulobebi, istoriuli fotoebi, saarqivo masala,

Tu gamoqveynebuli literatura, unda miTiTebuli iyos bibliografiaSi, angariSis bolos.rukebisaTvis aucilebelia furclis nomris, gamocemis TariRis (Tu isini ar Tanxvdeba

agegmvis TariRs), masStabis da wyaros miTiTeba, xolo asaxulobebisTvis ki TariRis, avtoris da wyaros miTiTeba. kvlevaSi naxsenebi unda iyos nebismieri wyaro, romlis arseboba cno-bilia, Tundac raime mizezis gamo romelime arc iyos gamoyenebuli. sasargebloa, agreTve, uSedego Ziebebis aRnusxvac, raTa momavalSi dro tyuilad aRar daikargos.

7. 3. azomva da analizi

iSviaTia, rom mxolod istoriuli kvleva iyos sakmarisi konservaciis samuSaoebisTvis saWiro informaciis mosapoveblad. aucilebelia RirsSesaniSnavi adgils, an nagebobis qso-vilsac davudoT guli, radgan, bolos da bolos, swored es aris is, ris SesanarCunebasac Cven vcdilobT sakonservacio samuSaoebis warmoebisas.

naxazebi yoveli nagebobis analizis ganuyofeli nawili da istoriuli kvlevis aucile-beli danamatia.

- �� -

konservaciis proeqtebis umetesobisTvis didad mniSvnelovania RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis istoriuli qsovilis naxazebi da analizi. rogorc erT-erTi uZiriTadesi sakomunikacio sa-Sualeba, xazva sruluflebiani akademiuri disciplinaa, kargad Camoyalibebuli wesebiT, pi-robiTobiT, meTodebiT da RirebulebebiT. Senobisa da misi landSaftis analizisas aRnusxu-li masalis naxazis xarisxi warmoadens seriozul profesiul sakiTxs, amasTanave, naxazebi da asaxulobani iseve CaZiebiTaa Sesamowmebeli, rogorc proeqtis nebismieri sxva aspeqti.

SeiZleba xeliT Sesrulebuli Canaxazic iyos, detaluri fotogrametruli gegmili Tu sxva, teqnikurad rTuli anazomi.

7. 3. 1. CanaxazebixeliT Sesrulebuli Canaxazebi nagebobis analizis procesis yoveldRiuri saqmianobis

nawilia. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis pirveli monaxulebisas, qveda sarTulis an saxuravis gegma sasargeblo aide-memoire-a, romelic Tan axlavs sityvier Canawerebs da warmoaCens mkvleva-ris mier RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis ZiriTadi Sesacvleli elementebis pirvelad gaazrebas. Tu raime mizeziT analizi aRar gagrZeldeba, isini mainc sasargeblo saarqivo masala iqneba.

Canaxazebi ver Caenacvleba anazomebs, Tumca, specialists ar unda eSinodes maTi gamoy-eneba iq, sadac es saWiro aRmoCndeba imisTvis, rom dasuraTdes detalebi, an teqstis sxva sakamaTo sakiTxebi.

7. 3. 2. metruli kvlevametruli kvleva, ubralod, imas niSnavs, rom anazomebi gamoyenebuli iyo ZiriTadi aRsanu-

sxi dokumentisTvis. Tu proeqti moiTxovs nagebobis monacemTa srul nakrebs, an Tu saWiroa arqiteqtorebis, inJinrebis, an xarjTaRmricxvelTa moTxovnilebebis Sesaferisi fiqsacia, savaraudoa, rom saWiro gaxdeba zedmiwevniTi gazomva. es SeiZleba saTanado specialists da-vukveToT da ganxorcieldes ganmeorebadi da verificirebuli meTodebiT.

metruli kvlevis ZiriTadi meTodebia gazomva gamosaxulebebis moSveliebiT da sakuTriv nagebobaTa gazomva.

gazomva gamosaxulebaTa gamoyenebiTgazomva gamosaxulebaTa gamoyenebiT gulisxmobs vizualuri gamosaxulebebis meSveobiT

xazovani naxatis, an masStaburi gamosaxulebebis Seqmnas. gamosaxulebebi SeiZleba fotografi-uli an cifruli formatisa iyos. produqcias SeiZleba hqondes dokumenturi fotosuraTis, xazovani naxatis, samganzomilebiani cifruli modelis, orTofotografiis, an perspeqtiuli xedis forma. gazomva gamosaxulebis gamoyenebiT ekonomiuria Tu gvaqvs didi obieqtis farTo, Tavisufali xedi, iseTi, rogoric eqsterieris kedelia. Tavad gamosaxulebac mniSvnelovani saarqivo dokumentia. arsebobs gamosaxulebaTa gamoyenebiT gazomvis sami yvelaze gavrcele-buli meTodi:

1. reqtificirebuli fotografia, sadac gasworebulia (anu reqtificirebulia) foto-grafirebisas gaCenili sagnis masStabisa Tu dayenebis cdomileba. reqtificirebuli fotografia SedarebiT swrafi da martivia da gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac sagani brtyelia da didi raodenobis detalebs Seicavs. igi naklebad gamodgeba im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu obieqti brtyeli ar aris.

2. fotogrametria zusti azomvisa da naxazebis Sesrulebis meTodia stereo (an erTma-neTze dadebuli) fotosuraTebidan. monacemebi dafiqsirebulia sam ganzomilebaSi, anu, siRrmeSi (an Z sidideSi). fotogrametria didi farTobis (rogoricaa Senobis mTeli fasadi, romelic Seicavs uamrav detalebs) xazobrivi gamosaxulebis Seqmnis yvelaze ekonomiuri meTodia. radgan saboloo mizans kompiuteris daxmarebiT Seqm-nili proeqtis naxazi CAD (Computer-Aided Design) warmoadgens, igi advilad SeiZleba iyos koreqtirebuli saboloo momxmareblis mier. fotogrametria gamousadegaria patara, daxurul sivrceebSi.

3. orTofotosuraTebi cifruli fotogrametriis produqtia. es organzomilebiani fotosuraTebia, sadac masStabis Secdomebi Sesworebulia erTiani masStabiT mTel gamosaxulebaze, miuxedavad obieqtis reliefisa, an sxvadasxva planze gaSlisa. or-TofotosuraTebi gamosadegia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu obieqti metismetad samganzomile-biania imisTvis, rom reqtificirebuli fotografia iyos gamoyenebuli.

- �� -

seriozuli problemebi SeiZleba Seiqmnas im gegmilebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic istori-uli Senobebis, an landSaftebis gamosaxulebebis gamoyenebiTaa Seqmnili. isini gansakuTrebiT maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac isini Sedgenilia adgilidan moSorebiT gamoucdeli adamianis mier, romelsac naklebad esmis istoriuli Senobebisa da landSaftebis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebi.

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gazomvaes aris gazomvis zogadi ganmsazRvreli termini, romelic tardeba velze, uSualod

RirsSesaniSnav adgilsa, an nagebobaze. monacemebi SeiZleba movipovoT xelis amzomi eda-s (eleqtronuli distanciuri amzomi) (EDM – Electronic Distance measurement) saSualebiT. maT SeiZleba daematos gamosaxulebebis gamoyenebiT gazomvisas miRebuli monacemebic, Cveu-lebriv, CAD-is gamoyenebiT. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gazomvis meTodi gansakuTrebiT xel-sayrelia SezRuduli sivrceebis, an rTuli detalebis SemTxvevaSi, sadac ver gamoviyenebT ufro distanciur meTodebs da Cven obieqtTan ise miaxloebac SevZeliT, rom mogveca yvela detalis ufaqizesad gadmocemis saSualeba. ZiriTadi meTodebia:ZiriTadi meTodebia:

1. eda (EDM) gazomva: edas xelsawyos gamoyenebiT xedvis horizontalidan pirdapir obieqtze damiznebiT gazomvis meTodi. monacemebi aRebulia daSorebis gazomviT, horizontaluri da vertikaluri kuTxeebiT refleqtoris mimarT, rac iZleva sak-maod zust zomebs. eda swrafi da zustia, magram moiTxovs specialistisgan velze aRsanusxi monacemebis SerCevas: es ar aris yvela monacemTa dafiqsirebis meTodi, msgavsad fotogrametriisa da lazeruli skanirebisa.

2. ueda (REDM): (Reflectorless Electronic Distance Measurement) iyenebs imave principebs, magram imuSavebs �-�00 m met manZilze refleqtoris gareSe; misi upiratesoba mizanSi amoRebis siswrafeSi da did manZilze damiznebaSi mdgomareobs.

3. xeliT azomva: gulisxmobs adgilze xeliT Sesrulebul nebismier fiqsacias ruletis, an sxva xelsawyos gamoyenebiT. xeliT azomva moiTxovs uSualo kontaqts Senobas-Tan, rac iZleva nagebobis ukeTesad aRqmis da detalebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis SesaZleblobas, rac Znelad misaRwevia sxva meTodebis gamoyenebisas. xeliT azomva saSualebas iZleva gakeTdes zusti, detaluri naxazi, minimaluri odenobis xel-sawyoebis gamoyenebiT. Canaxazebi SeiZleba gakeTdes adgilze, zomebis miTiTebiT, an SeiZleba velze gakeTdes anazomebis naxazebi. es ukanaskneli neli meTodia, magram ufro sandoa, radgan nebismieri Seusabamoba maSinve SeiZleba Semowmdes.

gazomvis meTodis sandooba didwilad ganpirobebulia reziumesa Tu specifikaciis xarisxiTa da specialistis codniTa Tu gamocdilebiT. reziume unda ganmartavdes, Tu ro-gor da vis mier unda iyos monacemebi gamoyenebuli, ise rom kontraqtori SeZlebs winaswar ganWvritos mosalodneli teqnikuri SezRudvebi. adgilze ukeTesia rac SeiZleba meti mona-cemi iyos dafiqsirebuli, vidre mogvixdes mogvianebiT, saalbaTodac, redaqtirebis dros risame mimateba.

didi proeqtebis SemTxvevaSi, sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad, aucilebelia, gazomvis ram-denime meTodis erTad gamoyeneba. am dros gamoiyeneba kontrolis zogadi sistema GPS (Global Positioning System – saerTo regulirebis sistema). CAD SeiZleba Tavidanve gamoviyenoT, mo-nacemebis sxvadasxva wyaroebidan Tavmoyris mizniT. da kvlav, aseTi problemebi reziumeSi unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli. mniSvnelovania ganvWvritoT, Tu rogor SeeTavseba erTmaneTs sxvadasxva meTodi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu saqmeSi erTze meti kontraqtoria CarTuli da gazomva didi drois manZilze tardeba.

7. 3. 3. metruli kvlevis dasrulebaTu naxazi Sesrulebulia adgilidan moSorebiT (mag., Canaxazebidan, an gamosaxulebaTa

gamoyenebiT gazomvis monacemebis mixedviT), aucilebelia misi dasruleba adgilze, Seno-bis pirispir, yvela detalis Sesavsebad da Sesamowmeblad. sadac qsovilis sruli analizia saWiro, samuSaos dasasruleblad unda Semowmdes yvela nakeri da gvqondes informacia yvela samSeneblo cvlilebis Taobaze.

samuSaos dasruleba unda ganaxorcielos specialistma, vinc kargad icnobs istoriuli nagebobebis naxazebs, saamiso xarjebi ki qsovilis aRnusxvis safasuris ganuyofel nawilad unda iqnes miCneuli. Tu dasruleba gakeTdeba xeliT kompiuteriT Sesrulebul naxazze, saWiro gax-deba axali informaciis cifruli versiis Seqmna, kompiuteris failis gasaaxleblad. dausrule-beli naxazebi, romlebic ar iyo Semowmebuli adgilze, angariSSi misaRebi ar aris.

- �� -

Tu arsebobs xaraCoebis aucilebloba, qsovilis amsaxveli naxazebi ar SeiZleba dasrule-bulad miviCnioT, sanam igi ar iqneba Semowmebuli adgilze xaraCoebidan.

7. 3. 4. ra odenobis detalebia saWiro?qsovilis aRmnusxvel naxazebSi detalizebis done damokidebulia nagebobis raobaze da

naxazis saboloo mizanze. qsovilis srulad aRmnusxveli naxazi unda Seicavdes nagebobis fasadebs, yoveli sarTulis da saxuravis gegmebs da Senobis Sesabamis Wrilebs. Sida xedebi saWiroa maSin, rodesac igegmeba didi samuSaoebis Catareba interierSi. Tu aucilebelia qso-vilis sruli aRnusxva, iseTi raodenobis detalebi unda iyos Tavmoyrili, rom saboloo naxazebi SegveZlos SevasruloT �:�0 masStabSi, xSirad ki �:�0; xolo xis nakeTobebis da mod-elirebuli profilebisa ki �:�.

kvlavac kamaToben imis Taobaze, aris Tu ara saWiro aguris rigebis, calkeuli qvebis an sxva detalebis gamoxazva. zogadad, aseTi naxazebi SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos iq, sadac

• Senoba aris garkveuli mniSvnelobis mqone rTuli, mravaletapiani nageboba, sadac sxvadasxva etapi naTlad gairCeva qvis wyobiT da ver xerxdeba sxvanairad

• monacemebi xelmisawvdomia axla (mag., Tu Senoba xaraCoebSia), an SeiZleba momavalSi daikargos (gadalesvisas, nagebobis daSlisas).

fotosuraTebi xSirad gamoiyeneba detalebis naTelsayofad.

proeqtis reziumeSi gansazRvruli unda iyos saWiro detalebis raodenoba. gazomvis meTodis arCevani SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos reziumeSi, an iyos kontraqtoris gadasawyveti, proeqtidan gamomdinare.

7. 3. 5. analitikuri naxazebiSeuZlebelia Cawvde istoriuli nagebobis arss mxolod dokumenturi naxazebis safuZ-

velze. analitikuri dokumenturi naxazebi sinTezuri, ganmartebiTi naxazebia, romelTa miza-nia, gamoavlinos Senobis qronologia. aseTi naxazebi `analitikuria,~ radgan isini moiTxovs qsovilis monacemTa kritikul Sefasebas, xolo `sinTezuria~ imitom, rom xSirad isini Se-Tavsebuli naxazebia, Tavs uyris mTel rig arqiteqturul da arqeologiur informacias. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis analizis ZiriTadi meTodebi warmodgenilia qvemoT, nawilSi 7.�.

analitikuri naxazebi, Cveulebriv, keTdeba kameralurad da maTi mizania, sxva yvelafer-Tan erTad, daafiqsiros nagebobis mSeneblobis fazebi. isini avlens nagebobis xedvas special-istis mier da iZleva SesaZleblobas Semowmdes hipoTezebi misi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.

analitikuri naxazebi SeiZleba Seicavdes:

• fazur gegmebs: masStabSi Sesrulebuli gegmebi, sadac naCvenebia Senobis ganviTa-rebis TiToeul fazaSi arsebuli, axali da savaraudo naSenoba. yovel calkeul fa-zaSi naxazebi asaxavs, Tu ra aris axali da ra SemorCa wina fazidan. gaerTianebuli fazebis gegmebi SeiZleba araspecialistebisTvisac saintereso iyos.

• samganzomilebian rekonstruqciebs: romelic aCvenebs, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda nageboba misi istoriis sxvadasxva etapebze. rekonstruqciis naxazebi, Cveulebriv, eyrdnoba perspeqtiul xedebs, an Senobis aqsonometrul/izometrul proeqcias.

• Wrilebis naxazebs: Wrilis samganzomilebiani naxazebi, interieris damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis (mag., iatakebi, saxuravis konstruqcia), an mowyobilobis gamosavlenad.

rogorc wesi, Senobis naxazi keTdeba masStabSi da Seicavs mniSvnelovan elementebs, ro-goricaa fanjrebi da karebi, Tundac mxolod konturebis saxiT. daStrixul naxazSi, grafi-kuli gamosaxvis xerxebma (mag., samSeneblo masalis garegani saxis zusti kopireba) SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos, amitom isini Zalze Zunwad, an sulac ar unda gamoviyenoT. konturebis gavlebam (anu, sqeli xazis gamoyeneba calkeuli nawilebis gamosakveTad) SeiZleba sasurveli efeqti gamoiRos, naxazSi met mkafioebas Semoitans, mas moculobiTobas da wonas mianiWebs.

asaxuli informaciis odenoba damokidebulia naxazis mizanze. magaliTad, Wrilebis nax-azebSi SeiZleba asaxuli iyos oTaxebis ganlageba, iatakis doneebis cvalebadoba, kibeebis ganTavseba da sacxovrebeli da damxmare sivrceebis organizeba Tu gegmareba. aseTi naxazebi ganmartavs, Tu saidan unda miudge Senobis sxvadasxva nawils da rogor aris gamoyofili sacxovrebeli oTaxebi damxmare saTavsoebisgan da Sesasvlelisgan.

- �� -

nagebobis mkvlevarma unda daiwyos samuSao analitikuri naxazebis Sedgena, rogorc ki muSaobas Seudgeba da gaagrZelos maTi ganaxleba, kvlevis procesSi miRebuli axali informa-ciis safuZvelze, ramdenadac sruliyofa Senobis interpretacia.

landSaftebisTvis gamoiyeneba daStrixuli naxazebi, msgavsad naxazebisa, romlebic momza-debulia inglisis istoriuli Zeglebis samefo komisiis mier (RCHME), sadac asaxulia miwis nagebobebi da iseTi detalebi, rogoricaa Sua saukuneebis mitovebuli soflebis, maRaroebis naSTebi an xelovnuri landSaftebi. aseTi narCenebis danaxva SeiZleba Zalze rTuli iyos, Tu ara specialistis gamocdili TvalisTvis, amitom maTi gamovlena da ganmarteba damokidebu-lia mkvlevaris ostatobasa da gamocdilebaze da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis tipis codnaze. na-klebad savaraudoa, rom gamosaxulebaTa analizze damyarebuli kvlevis yvelaze zust meTods (mag., orTofotografiT Sesrulebuli konturebi) SeuZlia mogvawodos im donis interpreta-cia, rogorc es savele naxazebs SeuZlia.

7. 3. 6 aRweraistoriuli qsovilis werilobiTi aRwera avsebs qsovilis naxazebis informacias da aseve

gvaZlevs Tavdapirvel monacemebs qsovilis analizisTvis. arsebobs gansxvaveba qsovilis aRw-erasa, romelic gamoiyeneba mdgomareobis Semowmebisas da im teqsts Soris, romelic qsovilis istoriis interpretacias warmoadgens. aRweris Sedgenisas TvalnaTlivi faqtebi (mag., rom kedeli agebulia aguris wyobis flamandiuri SekvriT) maTi ganmartebebisagan unda ganvasx-vavoT. aRwera mkafiod unda iyos Camoyalibebuli. ena zusti da lakoniuri unda iyos, leqsika teqnikurad gamarTuli da, Tu saWiroa, terminebis ganmartebebic unda davurToT.

aRwera, romelsac ar axlavs asaxulobebi, fotomasala an sxvadasxva fazebis naxazebi, rTuli wasakiTxia da komunikacias naklebad waadgeba.

7. 3. 7 fotogadaRebafotosuraTebi afiqsirebs nagebobis garegnul saxes drois konkretul momentSi da, aqe-

dan gamomdinare, fasdaudebel dokuments warmoadgens. zogadi fotografireba yovelTvis unda Catardes nebismieri analizis sawyis etapze. is unda gagrZeldes SekeTebis da cvli-lebebis Setanis samuSaoebis Tanadrouladac. aucilebelia fotosuraTebis daTariReba, ma-Tze warweris gakeTeba da negativebis indeqsireba. Tu SesaZlebelia, gamoyenebuli unda iyos masStabi.

qsovilis analizisaTvis ZiriTad moTxovnas saSualo da didi zomis rogorc feradi, ise Sav-TeTri fotosuraTebis gadaReba warmoadgens. Cveulebriv, saWiro xdeba zogadi xedebis, oTaxebis xedebisa da arqiteqturuli da arqeologiuri detalebis amsaxveli fotosuraTebi. dRevandel dRes, Cveulebrivi video da cifruli fotoaparatebi ver gvTavazobs gamosax-ulebis xarisxs, rasac fotoaparatebi iZleva. miuxadavad imisa, rom zogierTi kuTxiT maT garkveuli upiratesobebi aqvs _ mag., SegiZlia `ataro~ mayurebeli mTel SenobaSi _ maTi gamoyeneba nagebobis analizSi sakmaod SezRudulia. qsovilis analizis, an adgilze muSaobis procesSi xelT unda gvqondes istoriuli gamosaxulebebis an rukebis fotosuraTebis da re-produqciebis mTeli krebuli da isini unda darCes adgilze Semdgomi moxmarebisTvis.

aerofotografia istoriuli Senobebisa da landSaftebis kvlevis fasdaudebel wyaros warmoadgens. aerofotosuraTebi iZleva mTeli midamos, an kompleqsis erTian xeds, rac saSu-alebas gvaZlevs CavsvaT konkretuli nageboba an detali Sesabamis konteqstSi da naTelvyoT mTelis mniSvneloba. maT uamravi informacia moaqvs gamosaxulebaSi, gansakuTrebiT rTuli kompleqsebis SemTxvevaSi da xSirad asaxavs iseT detalebs, rogoricaa saxuravebi, romlis danaxva miwidan SeuZlebelia.

7. 4. analitikuri modelebi

es nawili ganmartavs inteleqtualur modelebs, romlebic yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba RirsSesanisnavi adgilebis da nagebobebis ganviTarebis warmosaCenad. fazebad dayofa, dan-omrva, tipologia da geografiuli monacemebi an sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi, is midgomebia, romelic SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nagebobaze gancalkevebul dakvirvebaTa struqturirebisTvis. analizis winwasagdebad yvelaferi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, monacemTa SegrovebiT dawyebuli, maT ganmartebamde.

- �� -

7. 4. 1. fazebad dayofa“fazebad dayofis~ saSualebiT vaCvenebT, Tu rogor Seicvala Senoba an RirsSesaniSnavi

adgili droTa ganmavlobaSi. cvlilebaTa mowmobani Sejgufebulia logikurad Tanmimdevrul droiT erTeulebad (an fazebad). amis gasakeTeblad saWiroa, gaviazroT cvlilebaTa urT-ierTTanmimdevroba da, Tuki SesaZlebelia, es Tanmimdevroba davakavSiroT absolutur Tari-RebTan, terminus ante quem da terminus post quem koncepciis meSveobiT.

Senobis an landSaftis cvlilebaTa urTierTTanmimdevroba, ubralod, imaze dakvirvebaa, Tu rogori monacvleobiT xdeboda SenobaSi damatebebisa da cvlilebebis Setana. absoluturi TariRi aris is, rac utyuarad, damoukideblad mtkicdeba. sabuTebic arsebobs. nagebobis swo-rad aRqmisTvis orivea saWiro. xis masalas SeiZleba hqondes absoluturi dendroqronologi-uri TariRi, magram Senobis SedarebiTma qronologiam unda gansazRvros iyo Tu ara es masala xelmeored gamoyenebuli da rogor ukavSirdeba misi TariRi ganviTarebis Tanamimdevrobas.

fazebad dayofa arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas stratigrafiuli analizidan warmodgeba, sa-dac sruli stratigrafiuli analizi, Cveulebriv, gulisxmobs elementebis numeracias da stratigrafiuli matricebis Seqmnas, rac gansazRvravs adgilze absolutur da SedarebiT ka-vSirebs. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis fazebad dayofa unda aisaxos an yoveli fazis gegmis saxiT, an samganzomilebiani naxazebis formiT.

7. 4. 2. danomrvadanomrva, rogorc analizis programis nawili, monacemTa Senaxvisa da mopovebis sasarge-

blo xerxia. zog viTarebaSi saWiro xdeba Senobis Semadgeneli elementebis daxarisxeba da danomrva. magaliTad, vnomravT da aRvwerT fanjrebs, karebs, kedlebs an `movlenebs~, ro-goricaa, mag., SenobaSi Setanili cvlilebebi. es meTodi sasargebloa maSin, rodesac Seno-bis analitikosi Zalze detalizebul stratigrafiul analizs atarebs. detalebis danom-rva SeiZleba agreTve gamoviyenoT nagebobis Tu naSenis monacemTa bazis Sesaqmnelad, sadac gaerTianebuli iqneba sxvadasxva sferos specialistebisgan (mag., inJinrebi, kedlis saRebavis analitikosebi, arqiteqtorebi) mopovebuli informacia. msgavsi midgoma gamoiyeneba land-Saftis aRwerisa da analizisas, Tumca landSaftebis detaluri stratigrafiuli analizi naklebadaa gavrcelebuli.

danomrvis warmateba damokidebulia dasanomri erTeulebis faqizad amorCevaze, special-istebis SeTanxmebaze, gamoiyenon saerTo sistema da danomrvis Tanamimdevrulobaze. modelad SeiZleba gamodges sagnebis calkeuli saxeobebis danomrvis SeTanxmebuli standarti, iseTi, rogoric Corpus Vitrearum-Sia gamoyenebuli.

sistemebi, romlebic gulisxmobs calkeuli erTeulebis aRnusxvas, gamosadegia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Semdgomi informacia mTeli nagebobis, adgilis, an kompleqsis gaazrebaSi iyris Tavs. arsebobs saSiSroeba aseTi sistemebis ukritikod gamoyenebaSi, detalebis kata-logizacia SeiZleba TviTmizani gaxdes da imdeni detali dagrovdes, rom SeuZlebeli iqneba informaciis gaerTianeba mTelis gaazreblad, rac unda iyos msgavsi samuSaos saboloo mizani. RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis calkeuli elementebis izolirebulad aRnusxva, Cveulebriv, ar aris gamosadegi nagebobis analizisas.

7. 4. 3. tipologiakidev erTi meTodi, romelic warmatebiT gamoiyeneba calkeuli nagebobebis, an RirsSesan-

iSnavi adgilebis Seswavlisas, aris tipologia. tipologiis dadgena gulisxmobs TaviseburebeTa erTi tipis Seswavlas (profilebi,

karebis furnitura an fanjrebi, an, SesaZloa, romelime calkeuli samSeneblo masala) imis dasadgenad, gamoiyofa Tu ara calke tipebi da aqvT Tu ara am tipebs raime azri. landSaftebi-sTvis mniSvnelovania mozRudvis, masalebis an baRebis TaviseburebaTa tipologiis dadgena. tipologiam SeiZleba gamoavlinos TariRTa Tanmimdevroba, namuSevrebi rTul interierSi, calkeul arqiteqtorTa naxelavi, masalaTa wyaro, an sazogadoebrivi sivrceebis ierarqia. xis karkasTa da xis xelobis istoriuli samuSaoebis Cveneuli gaazreba, umeteswilad, tipo-logias emyareba. igi did daxmarebas gviwevs kvlevis organizebaSi da gvaridebs gameorebebs, magram SeiZleba argumentacia Caketil wreSic Seamwyvdios. sadac SesaZlebelia, tipologia damoukidebel mtkicebulebebTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.

mobaTqaSebisa da kiris xsnaris SemTxvevaSi, vizualuri tipologiac sakmarisia. eseni, Cveulebriv, ar reagirebs qimiur analizze, iseve rogorc arc nawilakebis zomis analizi iZl-eva raime Sedegs. masalebi, romlebic kargad reagirebs tipologiur midgomaze aris aguris

- ��7 -

an keramikis samSeneblo qsovili, qvis profilebi da petrologia, SuSa, liTonis nakeTobani, CanaSenebi detalebi Tu gamarTuloba.

7. 4. 4. sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi da geografiuli cnobarixandaxan sasargebloa ise gadmovceT cnobebi nagebobisa da landSaftis Sesaxeb, rom igi

araspecialistisTvisac iyos gasagebi. magaliTad, inJiner-meqanikosisa an eleqtrikosisTvis SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos, hqondes informacia im Senobis garemoze, sadac igi muSaobs da amisTvis mas ar dasWirdes mTeli dokumentaciis gacnoba. amgvarad Sedgenili informaciiT landSaftis menejerebsac SuuZliaT isargeblon.

sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi informaciis organizebis sagulisxmo xerxia, romelic eyrd-noba yoveli calkeuli monakveTis, an calkeuli sivrcis Seswavlas. isini yvelaze metad Seef-ereba did, rTul nagebobebs, sadac ukve gamoiyenes danomrvis sistema, an menejmentis sxva sistemebi. yoveli calkeuli sivrcisTvis monacemTa sqemam unda gansazRvros ZiriTadi kompo-nentebis _ iataki, Weri, kedlebi, Riobebi, xis xeloba, CanaSenebi detalebi, gamarTuloba da istoriuli sayofacxovrebo mowyobilobebi _ TariRi da raoba. sadac SesaZlebelia, infor-macias Tan unda erTvodes miTiTebani literaturaze. monacemTa sqemebi SeiZleba saWiroebis-amebr gavrcobili iyos. maT unda gviCvenos, potenciurad mosafrTxilebeli monakveTebi (mag. axleburi kazmulobis qveS winandeli dafervis arseboba), an migvaniSnos Sesatyvis wyaroebze (mag., saWiro fotosuraTebze). Semdgomi informacia sivrceTa Sesaxeb daemateba maSin, rode-sac igi xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba _ magaliTad, arqiteqturis dafervis kvlevis Sedegad. aseve unda Sedges saxuravebis, damatebiTi sivrceebis, fasadebis da nagebobis sxva aspeqtebis mon-akveTebis monacemTa sqemebi.

geografiuli cnobebi msgavsi meTodia, romelic gamoiyeneba landSaftis fiqsaciisa da analizis dros. yoveli calkeuli erTeulis ganxilva unda iwyebodes SesavliT, sadac asax-uli iqneba landSaftis Taviseburebebis istoria, aRwera da miTiTeba mis mniSvnelovnebaze. Sesavali unda daerTos monacemTa rukas da fotoebiT iyos dasuraTebuli.

sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebisa Tu geografiuli cnobebis mniSvnelovani konteqsti, an elementebi sxvadasxvanairad SeiZleba ganisazRvros. pirvelma cdam, SesaZloa, miaxloebiTi Sedegebi gamoiRos, magram rac ufro meti informacia mogrovdeba, igi ZiriTad struqturas daemateba.

sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi, ubralod, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Sesaxeb farTo gaazrebiT mopovebuli informaciis organizebis saSualebaa, sadac Sedis tipologia, fazebad dayofa da istoriuli mowmobani. isini TviTmizans ar warmoadgens.

7. 5. specialuri kvleva

RirsSesanisnavi adgilis an nagebobis gaazreba sxvadasxva specialuri kvlevebis safuZ-velze yalibdeba. am nawilSi ufro detaluradaa ganmartebuli, Tu ras gulisxmobs yoveli calkeuli meTodi.

Cveulebriv, am tipis samuSaoebis dakveTas didi azri ar aqvs, vidre qsovili ar aris Se-fasebuli da ganaalizebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi, RirsSesaniSnav adgilze sacdeli monakveTebis SerCevisas da Sedegebis interpretirebisas analitikosma da specialistma mWidrod unda iTa-namSromlon.

7. 5. 1. arqiteqturis dafervis kvleva arqiteqtururis dafervis kvleva nagebobis analizis nairsaxeobaa, romelic gulisxmobs

saRebavis erTmaneTze daSreuli fenebis Tu sxva mosapirkeTeblebis mikroskopul analizs. misi CarTva dokumentaciaSi dagvanaxebs gemovnebis, saRebavTa teqnologiis, gamoyenebis cv-lilebebsa Tu Senobis gadakeTebebs.

msgavsad kdka-s yvela meTodisa, igi disciplinaTaSorisia da emyareba arqeologiis, ar-qiteqturis istoriis, Senobis analizis sxva ganxrebis da dendroqronologiis dokumenturi kvlevis Sedegad miRebul informacias. xSirad igi kdka-s sxva formebTan paralelurad mimdi-nareobs. mas stratigrafiuli Tanamimdevrobis gamovlenis uzarmazari potenciali aqvs, rac mTel nagebobasTan korelaciis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva.

am tipis samuSao unda daevalos specialists, romelsac xeli miuwvdeba saTanado aRWur-vilobaze da sakmarisi gamocdilebac aqvs, gamoiyenos arqiteqturis dafervis kvleva isto-

- �� -

riuli nagebobis konteqstSi. man unda icodes arqiteqturis istoria da nagebobebis arqeo-logia iseve, rogorc mas unda esmodes feris gamoyeneba da ganviTareba istoriul SenobebSi da masalebis qimiuri analizi. ̀ saRebavis Camofxekis~ ufro Zveli da nakleb daxvewili meTodi aRar miiCneva gamosadegad, radgan igi ar eyrdnoba mikroskopul analizs.

7. 5. 2. arqeologiuri gaTxrebimowmobani Senobis agebis, daniSnulebis da gadakeTebebis Sesaxeb xSirad SemorCenilia mi-

wis qveS da SeiZleba SekeTebis da gadakeTebisas daikargos. gansakuTrebiT daucvelia, axali samuSaoebis Catarebisas, miwis farTi gare kedlebis gayolebaze, sadac SeiZleba mSeneblobis, an Camongreuli minaSenebis mowmobani aRmoCndes. aseve daucvelia is mowmobani, romelic mde-bareobs miwaSi samzareuloebis qveS, radgan axali gayvanilobis dayenebam SeiZleba didi ziani miayenos arqeologiur namarxebs.

arqeologiuri gaTxrebi gansakuTrebul codnas da gamocdilebas moiTxovs, magram miwis qveSa da miwis zeda mowmobani rac SeiZleba adre unda iyos integrirebuli. Senobaze momuSave specialisti unda muSaobdes arqeologTan erTad, rom SearCios gaTxrebisTvis Sesaferisi adgili da ganmartos Sedegebi. sacdeli gaTxrebis Sedegebi unda daematos qsovilis droiTi Tanmimdevrobis aRmnusxvel naxazebs da calke ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli.

7. 5. 3. statusi, xeloba da proeqtiSenobis gaazreba ar wydeba istoriuli cnobebis, an SenobaSi Setanili cvlilebebis mi-

axloebiTi Tanmimdevrobis dadgeniT. Senobis agebisas gamoyenebuli xelobis da masalebis gaazreba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania xis karkasiani nagebobebisaTvis, sadac mSeneblobis teqnikis Semadgenlebi kargadaa cnobili da unda gamoiyenebodes calkeuli nagebobis arsis gansazRvrisas.

nagebobis Canafiqris, formebis, proporciebis da gegmarebis analizi xSirad misi so-cialuri xasiaTis mowmobad gamodgeba. analizi ar SeiZleba dasrulebulad miviCnioT, Tu ar SevecdebiT ganvsazRvroT sxvadasxva fazebis statusi. daxvewili (an maRali) statusis SenobebSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos proporciuli sistemebi da unda SevecadoT, SevafasoT mxatvruli gadawyvetis xasiaTi da xarisxi iseve, rogorc movaqcioT nageboba xelovnebis is-toriis konteqstSi.

nageboba ufro farTo konteqstSic unda iyos moqceuli. mxolod maSin SeiZleba bolomde CavwvdeT nagebobis arqiteqturuli ganviTarebis arss, rodesac mas SevadarebT imave peri-odis da imave tipis nagebobebs, xolo proeqts _ Tu es SesaZlebelia _ imave arqiteqtoris, an misi Tanamedroveebis namuSevrebs. aseve mniSvnelovania teqnikuri konteqsti industriuli nagebobebis SemTxvevaSi, an regionaluri konteqsti calkeuli tipis SenobebisaTvis. damxmare nagebobebi, landSafti da SenobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva struqturebi aseve mohfens Suqs Tavad Senobas da mudam unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli saerTo Sefasebisas.

am procesis saboloo mizania Tavi movuyaroT istorias, qsovilis analizs da nagebobis gaazrebas erT logikur mTlianobaSi, xolo Semdeg warmovadginoT igi iseTi formiT, rom Sei-Zlebodes misi gamoyeneba sakonservacio samuSaoebis warmoebisas. landSaftebis SemTxvevaSi mizani unda iyos damproeqteblis ganzraxvis gaazreba da imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad iyo igi miRweuli, an ramdenad SeiZleba misi aRdgena. sazogadod, sinTezi qronologiurad unda iyos struqturirebuli, radgan mkiTxvelisTvis es yvelaze misaRebi formaa.

7. 5. 4. dendroqronologiadendroqronologia gulisxmobs xis nimuSis wliuri rgolebis SeTanxmebas daTariRebul

qronologiasTan, an kalibri-wris TanamimdevrobasTan, imis dasadgenad Tu rodis iyo xe moW-rili. aman SeiZleba mogvces Senobis Zalian zusti TariRi, magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTlianobaSi nagebobis fazebad dayofa sworad aris moazrebuli. Senobis analitikosma unda gaiTvaliswinos xis masalis yoveli nimuSis mdebareoba nagebobis saerTo fazirebis sqemaSi da unda SeeZlos SenobaSi misi xelaxali gamoyenebis, an adgilSenacvlebis niSnebis garCeva.

es kvlevis ganviTarebadi dargia da miuxedavad imisa, rom yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo muxaze, ukanaskneli drois kvlevebi saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom aseve SesaZlebelia importirebuli rbili xis masalis daTariRebac.

ufro dawvrilebiTi masala dendroqronologiis Sesaxeb SeiZleba moviZioT inglisis mem-kvidreobis saxelmZRvaneloSi ganTavsebul werilSi, dendroqronologia: dendroqronolo-giuri TariRis dadgena da interpretacia (�� w.).

- �� -

7. 5. 5. gaxsnaxandaxan, gviani elementebis, an mosapirkeTeblebis moSorebis gareSe Senobis istoriis

Sesaxeb mxolod SezRuduli informaciis dadgenaa SesaZlebeli. es procesi cnobilia, ro-gorc `gaxsna.~ siaSi Setanili nagebobebis, an katalogizirebuli uZvelesi Zeglebis SemTx-vevaSi, aseTi muSaoba SeTanxmebas moiTxovs.

gaxsna SeiZleba sasargeblo meTodi iyos, magram SezRudulad unda gamoviyenoT im kompo-nentebis kvlevisas, romelnic umTavresia adgilis, an proeqtis menejmentis dros. interven-ciuli meTodebisa ar iyos, sanam raime nawils movaSorebdeT, rac SeiZleba meti informacia unda iyos mopovebuli iseTi meTodebiT, romelic ar moiTxovs Carevas. aseTebia dokumenturi kvleva, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Seswavla da meTodebi, romlebic aRwerilia qvemoT, 7. �. � TavSi.

rodesac qsovilis nawils vaSorebT, mniSvnelivania, gaviTvaliswinoT mosalodneli grZelvadiani Sedegebi. xis karkasis gaSiSvlebam an istoriulad damcveli fenebis dakargvam SeiZleba Seqmnas problemebi, romelTa mogvarebisTvis Semdgomi intervencia gaxdeba saWiro.

7. 5. 6. teqnikuri kvlevaistoriuli Senobebis masalis daZvelebis da mkurnalobis kvlevasac SeuZlia didi dax-

mareba gagviwios nagebobis ukeT gasagebad. amgvari kvlevis nawilia xolme am masalebis war-momavlobis, gamoyenebis, saeqspluatacio Tvisebebis da Semadgenlobis Seswavla. kvleva dagvexmareba SekeTebis drois da meTodis SerCevaSi da, Cveulebriv, uSualod xels uwyobs konservaciis process. masalis codna Tavis wvlils Seitans nagebobis saerTo analizSi, mis daniSnulebasa da Setanil cvlilebebSi da gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa misi mniSvnelovnebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis gansazRvrisas. ar arsebobs raime mizezi, rom am saxis kvleva ar iyos CarTuli nagebobis analizis programaSi, radgan drois cvlilebebis gaazrebam, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba mogvawodos informacia masalebis gamoyenebis Taobaze.

`inglisis memkvidreobis Senobebis konservaciis da kvlevis jgufi~ aqveynebs Sromebis serias, sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia masalebis `qcevasa~ da mkurnalobaze.

7. 5. 7. ekologiis Sefaseba da xeebis Seswavlaistoriuli landSaftebi, nagebobebi, an Zeglebi xSirad mniSvnelovania ekologiuri da

istoriuli TvalsazrisiTac. Ramurebi SeiZleba sxvenSi cxovrobdnen; Zeglebi SeiZleba mniS-vnelovani floris navsayudeli gaxdes; daproeqtebuli landSaftebi erTmaneTSi aerTianebs ekologiur da kulturul Rirebulebebs.

ekologiuri Sefaseba kvlevis erTerT saxeobaa, romelic gvexmareba RirsSesaniSnavi ad-gilis marTvasa da cvlilebebis Taobaze swori gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. xeebis kvleva gu-lisxmobs xis saxeobebis, maTi asakis da mdgomareobis gansazRvras. ekologiur informacias SeuZlia Tavisi wvlilis Setana kdka-s procesis yovel etapze, SefasebiT dawyebuli, ufro dawvrilebiTi samuSaos Catarebamde. aseT kvlevebs sakuTari terminologia da specialuri procedurebi gaaCnia. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, proeqtis xelmZRvaneli, an obieqtze momuSave specialisti pasuxismgebeli unda iyos imaze, rom ekologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi integrirebu-li iqneba kvlevis sxva formebTan (mag., adgilis geografiul monacemebSi) da masSi gamoyeneb-uli iqneba danomrvis saerTo sistema, an erTmaneTze miTiTeba mainc. proeqtis xelmZRvanel-isTvis Zalian Zneli unda iyos yovel wuTs gadaeyaros mravalferovan kvlevis monacemebs, sadac erTi da igive nakveTi sxvadasxva nomriTaa miTiTebuli.

7. 5. 8. geofizika, WaburRilebiT kvleva da distanciuri zondirebageofizikis, WaburRilebiT kvlevis da distanciuri zondirebis araerTi meTodi gamoiy-

eneba nagebobis da landSaftis analizisas.nagebobebisTvis magnetometria, ultrabgera, radari, radio deteqtori da Termogra-

fia is meTodebia, romelnic qsovilis mTels sisqes Caswvdeba, endoskopias ki mxolod mcire masStabis kvleva xelewifeba. es meTodebi gvexmareba, CavwvdeT mosapirkeTeblebis, masalebis, komponentebis, elementebis da struqturis viTarebasa da mdgomareobas, iseve rogorc nage-bobebis fizikur, qimiur da biologiur garemos. am xerxebiT da masalebis samecniero anal-iziT gaazrebul (da agegmilebul) iqneba maTi damzadeba, ganTavseba, `cxovreba~ da cvlileba Senobis SigniT, mTeli misi istoriis manZilze, rac waadgeba samomavlod maT gadanarCunebas, movlasa da Seulaxaobas.

landSaftebis SemTxvevaSi, winaRobis kvleva arkvevs miwis namarxebis diferencialur

- �00 -

eleqtrowinaRobas, magnitometria gansazRvravs miwisqveda TaviseburebebiT gamowveul dedami-wis magnituri velis cvlilebebs, xolo magneturi mgrZnobiarobis meSveobiT xdeba niadagSi ganTavsebul namarxebSi (mag., xanZris mizeziT) narCeni magnetizmis lokalizeba. namarxi masa-lis ufro zustad dadgenisaTvis SesaZlebelia agreTve gamWoli radarebis gamoyeneba.

yvela am meTodis sikeTe imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini ar saWiroebs ZeglSi uSualo Care-vas (an, endoskopiis SemTxvevaSi _ minimalur Carevas), da, amgvarad, ar azianebs qsovils da ar saWiroebs gaTxrebis warmoebas an Carevas. miuxedavad amisa, isinic, msgavsad sxva samecniro meTodebisa, ramdenadme SezRudulia, xolo monacemebi SeiZleba Zneli asaxsneli aRmoCndes, an nakleb calsaxa, vidre mosalodneli iyo. iseve rogorc sxva specialuri meTodebi, esenic integrirebul unda iyos nagebobis, an landSaftis farTod gaazrebisTvis, rac dagvexmare-ba Sedegebis garkveul perspeqtivSi danaxvasa da monacemTa interpretaciaSi, romelic sxva mxriv SeiZleba ukonteqsto aRmoCndes.

7. 5. 9. xedebis da garemos analizixSirad RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis garemo, an misi xedebi da gadasaxedebi misi mniSvnelovanebis

uarsebiTes nawils Seadgens. istoriuli nageboba an daproeqtebuli landSafti SeiZleba gan-zrax iyos ganTavsebuli ise, rom ukeTesad gamoCndes. aseTi xedebi SeiZleba iyos bunebriv landSaftSi _ magaliTad, mTebi, an adamianis mier Seqmnili TvalSisacemi ram, an Tundac in-dustriuli kompleqsi. droTa ganmavlobaSi aseTi sanaxaobebi SeiZleba mcenareulma safarma an sxva Senobebma daCrdilos. aseT xedebs SeiZleba gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonoda Tavda-pirvel koncepciaSi, amdenad maTi gaazreba aucilebelia imisTvis, rom gavarkvioT, saWiroa Tu ara maT aRdgenaze fiqri.

istoriuli nagebobebi, an landSaftebi SeiZleba ganzrax Soridan aRsaqmelad iyos gan-Tavsebuli, xandaxan xedvis garkveuli wertilidanac. istoriuli nagebobis xedebi aseve SeiZle-ba sakonservacio arealis maxasiaTebelTagani iyos. da kvlav, xedebis mniSvnelovnebis sagange-bod gaazreba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisa da misi mniSvnelovnebis Sefasebis nawili unda iyos. am tipis mowmobaTa analizisas didad gamosadegia aero fotosuraTebi. isini agreTve gamosadegia angariSebisTvisac, radgan gvisuraTebs garemos TvaliT aRqmasa da mis moculobas.

7. 6. mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvraII TavSi ganmartebuli iyo, Tu ramdenad arsebiTia mniSvnelovnebis gaazreba zemoqmedebis

Sefasebis procesisaTvis, xolo VI TavSi ki miTiTebuli iyo, rom mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba konservaciis da menejmentis dagegmvis safuZvels warmoadgens.

nagebobis, an landSaftis da maTi Semadgeneli nawilebis mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvra yov-elTvis unda iyos kdka-s nebismieri programis mTavari mizani. zog SemTxvevaSi, xelmZRvanels SeiZleba surdes, Tavi Seikavos qsovilis mniSvnelovnebaze saboloo daskvnisgan, magram sadac ki SesaZlebelia, mkvlevarma unda gaaSuqos adgilis mniSvnelovneba. xSirad damkveTsac sWird-eba, miiRos specialistis RirebulebiTi Sefaseba, romelic damajerebeli iqneba da advilad gasagebi araspecialistisTvis.

ar arsebobs mniSvnelovnebis raime formaluri kriteriumi, garda imisa, rac warmodge-nili iyo siebis Sedgenis, aRricxvis da sakonservacio arealis dakanonebul instruqciaSi. obieqturi cifrobrivi maCveneblebis sistemebi metismetad amartivebs saqmes da advilad Sei-Zleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos. sazogadod, mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba unda emyarebodes profe-siul codnas, gamoqveynebul wyaroebs, gamocdilebas da saTanado konsultaciebs, maT ricx-vSi dainteresebul mxareebTanac.

mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba aris mcdeloba:

• gansazRvros RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovneba ufro farTo akademiur Tu samecniero konteqstSi _ istoriuli iqneba es, arqiteqturuli, socialuri, arqe-ologiuri, ekologiuri Tu teqnikuri konteqsti.

• Seafasos misi mniSvnelovneba adgilobrivi, regionaluri an erovnuli TvalsazrisiT.

• Seafasos Setanili cvlilebebis sxvadasxva fazebi da maTi mniSvnelovneba.

• gamoavlinos RirsSesaniSnav adgilTan dakavSirebuli raime mowonebiTi Tu social-uri Rirebulebani, adgilobriv-sazogadoebrivi iqneba es, esTetikuri, sulieri, sazogadoebis mxriv gamoyenebisa Tu mis mier miRebuli sargebliT gansazRvruli.

- �0� -

mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba unda iyos maxvilgonieri, SeZlebisaebr farTo, iqneb, ara-tradiciuli Rirebulebebis momcvelic. amisda miuxedavad, Sefaseba unda sabuTdebodes da ueWvel mowmobebsac emyarebodes.

xSirad saWiroa qsovilis Semadgeneli nawilebis iseve Sefaseba, rogorc mTlianobaSi nage-bobisa, an RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisa. es SeiZleba gakeTdes fazebis, an elementebis mixedviT, magram maqsimalurad yovlismomcveli unda iyos. yovelTvis unda ganvmartoT, Tu ratom iyo esa Tu is Rirebuleba SerCeuli. daskvna mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb, rac zemoqmedebis Sefasebis procesSi Sedis (ix. Tavi II), sakmaod detalizebuli unda iyos, raTa konservaciis specialists SeeZlos nagebobis, an RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis calkeuli nawilebis saTanadod dafaseba.

7. 7. angariSebi

7. 7. 1. angariSis aucileblobadawerili angariSebi kdka-s arsebiTi nawilia. angariSebi aris garantia imisa, rom infor-

macias gaecnen proeqtze momuSave sxva specialistebi da rom es informacia gamoyenebuli iqneba nagebobis momaval menejmentSi. Tu angariSebi ar aris momzadebuli, mosalodnelia, fuli tyuilad daixarjos, radgan informacia arc saWiroebisas iqneba xelmisawvdomi da arc momavalSi, Tu wina samuSaos gameoreba aRmoCndeba saWiro. nebismierma proeqtma, romelic kdka-s specifikur elementebs Seicavs, angariSgeba unda gaiTvaliswinos.

angariSi procesis nebismier etapze SeiZleba daiweros. miuxedavad imisa, rom am angariSebs Sualeduri xasiaTi aqvs da daskvnebi icvleba imisda mixedviT, rac ufro meti ram gamoCnde-ba, mniSvnelovania is, rom dawerili an daxazuli informacia maSinve xdeba xelmisawvdomi ganurCevlad imisa, damTavrebulia Tu ara analizi mTlianobaSi.

sabolood unda daiweros Semajamebeli angariSi, sadac Tavmoyrili iqneba gaazrebis pro-cesSi mopovebuli yvela informacia.

kargi saboloo angariSi is iqneba, romelic

• aris mkafio da advilad wasakiTxi, gansakuTrebiT maTTvis, visac es informacia yvelaze metad sWirdeba

• dasuraTebulia guldasmiT SerCeuli Sesabamisi asaxulobebiT

• isea warmodgenili, rom kritikulma mkiTxvelma SesZlos, gaigos moyvanili argu-mentebis safuZveli

• Seicavs sakmaris informacias imisTvis, rom eWviT Sexedo daskvnebs, an sxvanairad ganmarto isini

• gzas uxsnis jerac gadauWreli samecniero Tu jerac Znelad gansamarti problemebis kvlevas

• aadvilebs Semdgom kvlevas, radgan warmoaCens codnis xarvezebs, wamoWris kiTxvebs da naTlad uTiTebs wyaroebs.

angariSis moculoba SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, magram, ZiriTadad, unda eteodes A4 an A3 formatSi da unda iyos dasuraTebuli iseTi xarisxis rukebis aslebiT, gegmebiT da fotosu-raTebiT, romelTa wakiTxva da gamoyeneba iolia. zedmetad gadidebuli, an zedmetad Semci-rebuli naxazebis Tu uvargisi fotosuraTebis gaazreba Wirs. yvela angariSi naTlad, prozis yaidaze unda iyos dawerili da agebuli, raTa xelmisawvdomi iyos farTo auditoriisaTvis. analitikosis marcxia, Tu mas ver gaugebs Cveulebrivi mkiTxveli. miuxedavad imisa, rom an-gariSebi SeiZleba Senaxuli da gavrcelebuli iyos eleqtronuli wesiT, qaRaldze dawerili angariSebi fasdaudebelia adgilze muSaobisas.

daskvnebSi, Sesavalebsa da SefasebebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli unda iyos sakvanZo faqtebsa Tu ganmartebebze, rac advilad SeiZleba gamogvrCes informaciis uTavbolo na-kadSi. grafikuli gamosaxulebebi _ msuqani wertilebi, kursivi, an msuqani Srifti _ sakvanZo sakiTxebis da daskvnebis xazgasmis mizniT unda gamoviyenoT. gverdebi danomrili unda iyos. angariSSi moyvanili yvela wyaro srlad unda iyos miTiTebuli standartuli sqolioebis, an miTiTebebis sistemis Sesabamisad. avtoris vinaoba calsaxad unda aRiniSnos, angariSs gamo-qveynebis TariRic unda davusvaT. angariSs unda axldes reziume, radgan igi mkiTxvelisaTvis naTels gaxdis proeqtis farglebs.

- �0� -

angariSi yovelTvis TavisTavadi unda iyos; Tumca, is SeiZleba sxva dokumentebze miuTiTebdes, masSi sakmao informacia unda moipovebodes, raTa mkiTxvelisTvis gasagebi iyos angariSis momzadebis konteqsti.

7. 7. 2. angariSis Sinaarsiyvela angariSi, Sedgenili kdka-s nebismier etapze, Semdgom kiTxvebs unda aSuqebdes,

Tumca, angariSis agebuleba, moculoba, an masSi ganxiluli detalebis raodenoba SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes:

• sarCevi: sruli sarCevi da asaxulobebis sia, rac aadvilebs angariSis ama Tu im nawilis iolad mignebas

• daskvnebis mokle Sejameba

• Sesavali: unda Seicavdes msjelobas RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis raobaze; miTiTebebs adre Catarebul samuSaoebze, mis daniSnulebasa da proeqtis safuZvelze; avtorebis gva-rebs, samadlobels TanamSromelTadmi Tu daxmarebis gamo, samuSaos dawyebis TariRs da samuSaos farglebs.

• istoria: unda Seicavdes istoriul kvlevas da nagebobis, misi daniSnulebis da Se-tanili cvlilebebis dokumentur mowmobebs. ganmartebuli unda iyos istoriuli, mxatvruli, arqiteqturuli, landSaftis, samrewvelo teqnikuri an sxva raime ufro farTo konteqsti. SeiZleba sasargebo iyos qronologiis dajamebac.

• aRwera: landSaftis, an nagebobis dRevandeli mdgomareobis aRwera.

• ganviTareba: droTa ganmavlobaSi momxdari cvlilebebis analizis Sedegebi. fazebad dayofa unda emyarebodes istoriul kvlevas, raTa Seiqmnas Tanmimdevruli Txroba, romelic naxazebiT iqneba dasuraTebuli. sxva informacia _ magaliTad, speciali-stebisagan _ SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos, an ganTavsebuli damatebaSi.

• gancxadeba mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb: RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis, an daskvnebis mniSvneloc-nebis Sejamebaa rogorc zogadad, ise detalurad.

• zegavlenis Sefaseba: yvela winadadebis Sefaseba zegavlenis TvalsazrisiT da mosazre-bebi uaryofiTi zegavlenis Sesustebis Taobaze.

• rekomendaciebi: mosazrebebi Semdgom kvlevasa da analizze, momavalSi sapasuxo kiTx-vebi, problemebi, romlebic warmosdgeba ama Tu im gegmisa Tu maRalpotenciuri wyarodan.

• bibliografia, dokumentacia da wyaroebi: Seicavs rukebis, asaxulobebis, iseve rogorc obieqtze adre Catarebul yvela samuSaos bibliografias; aseve yvela meoradsa Tu pirvelad gamoyenebul wyaros. dokumentaciaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos RirsSesaniS-navi adgilis arqivis adgilmdebareoba da misi raoba.

• specialuri terminebis leqsikoni: ganmartebuli unda iyos ucnobi teqnikuri terminebi.

• danarTebi: sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli sxva angariSebi, rogorc specialistTa angariSebis sruli miTiTebebiT da, idealur SemTxvevaSi, mTlianad moyvanili detaluri teqsti (mag., sivrceTa monacemTa sqemebi, tipologia); nawyvetebi umTavresi Sesabamisi isto-riuli wyaroebidan; samuSaos mokle reziumes asli.

7. 7. 3. dasuraTebasaboloo jamSi, gaazrebam unda moicvas nagebobis, an landSaftis qsovili, romelic

yvelaze kargad asaxulobaTa meSveobiT iqneba warmodgenili. asaxulobani nebismieri angariSis mniSvnelovani nawilia da, rogorc iTqva, suraTebis da naxazebis xarisxi iseTive mecnieruli sakiTxia, rogorc Tavad teqstis xarisxi. dRevandel dRes, teqstis damuSavebis programuli saSualebebi da samagido sagamomceblo sistemis programebi aadvilebs asaxulobebis CarTvas teqstSi da maT ise damuSavebas, rom ufro advili iyos maTi reproducireba. Tu SesaZlebe-lia, asaxulobebi sasurvelia teqstSi iyos CarTuli. imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad detaluri samuSaoa Catarebuli, angariSebis umravlesoba unda Seicavdes yvelafers an zog rasme, rac qveviTaa CamoTvlili:

- �0� -

• adgilmdebareobis rukas, romelSic aisaxeba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis zogadi Tu ad-gilobrivi konteqsti

• RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisa da teqstSi miTiTebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani element-ebis amsaxvel fotosuraTebs

• anazomebisa da analitikuri naxazebis aslebs, idealur SemTxvevaSi, dayvanils A3 an A4 formatamde, rac misaTiTeblad ufro iolia, magram aseve ufro did masStabi-ansac

• fazebis gegmebs, rekonstruqciebs da sxva analitur naxazebs

• sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli asaxulobebisa da rukebis aslebs

• monacemebs Tavdapirveli rukisTvis

• detalebis (rogoricaa xis nawilebi da gamarTuloba) fotosuraTebs da naxazebs.

feris gamoyenebas didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia fazirebis naxazebis Sedgenisas, xolo detalebis amsaxveli feradi fotosuraTebi xSirad ufro advili wasakiTxia, vidre Sav-Te-Tri, Tumca maTi reproducireba ufro Zviri jdeba. maRali xarisxis fanqarSi Sesrulebuli naxazi, xSirad adgilze Sesrulebuli, SeiZleba CarTuli iyos angariSSi da informacias ufro uSualod da cxovlad gadmoscemdes, vidre datuSuli, an kompiuterSi Sesrulebuli naxazi.

7. 7. 4. angariSis gavrcelebaangariSebi SeZlebisdagvarad farTod unda vrceldebodes da rogorc eleqtronuli, ise

qaRaldze nabeWdi formiT. radgan aseTi naSromebi praqtikuli proeqtebisTvis aris gankuT-vnili, mniSvnelovania arsebobdes maTi qaRaldze nabeWdi aslebi, romelTac velzec advilad gamoviyenebT da advilad gavavrcelebT.

yovelTvis jobs arsebobdes angariSis ufro meti asli, vidre Tavidan gWirdebaT. an-gariSebi didxans SeiZleba iyos `Taroze Semodebuli,~ droTa ganmavlobaSi ki bevrad ufro met adamians dasWirdes. dublikatebis kopireba gamocemis xarisxs amcirebs.

saboloo angariSi daculi unda iyos im masalebTan erTad, romelsac moiTxovs `mSene-blobis, daproeqtebis da menejmentis debuleba~ (Constructions, Design and Management Regu-lations). angariSi aseve sasurvelia gadaeces Senobis mflobels, arqiteqtors da SenobasTan dakavSirebul sxva pirebs, ise rom informacia maSinve iqneba xelmisawvdomi, Tu momavalSi xelaxla dadgeba imave Senobis SekeTebis, an masSi cvlilebebis Setanis sakiTxi. aslebi aseve unda gaegzavnos `inglisuri memkvidreobis erovnul ZeglTa nusxas~ suindonSi da adgilo-brivi `RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da ZeglTa nusxis~ adgilobriv ganyofilebas, an aRmnusxvel dawesebulebas.

aslebi aseve unda daurigdes calkeul pirovnebebs, an samosaxloTa jgufebs, romlebic CarTulni arian RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis movlaSi _ mrevlis wevrebs, adgilobriv dainterese-bul jgufebs, adgilobriv mTavrobas da sxvebs.

Tuki kvlevis Sedegs mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs Cvens codnaSi, unda ganixilebodes misi gamoqveyneba erovnul, an adgilobriv periodul gamocemaSi. es arsebiTia, Tu naSromSi warmodgenili nakvlevi da analizi sayuradReboa, Tan ki Sesrulda sazogadoebis finansuri daxmarebiT (mag., grantis daxmarebiT), an Seiqmna sazogadoebisTvis sagulisxmo risame (mag., mniSvnelovani Senobis aRebis) kvalad da, amdenad, Sedegebi gamoadgeba imaT, vinc iqneba moma-valSi istoriuli garemos mflobeli, Semswavleli Tu izrunebs masze.

- �0� -

danarTi 1

konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvlevisa da analizis dakveTa

a1. 1 zogadi principebi

debulebiT dadgenili mimdinare saqmianobis, Tu istoriuli Senobebis da maTi land-Saftebis SekeTebasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebisas, kdka swored unda imarTebodes, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom yvela samuSaoebi aris

• sasikeTo konservaciis procesisaTvis

• dasabuTebadi

• relevanturi

• drouli

• maRali xarisxis, fuladac Rirebuli

• sadidxno formiT warmodgenili

• faseuli mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT

`saxelmZRvanelo principebis~ am nawilSi axsnilia, Tu rogor davukveToT da vuxelmZRvaneloT aseT samuSaoebs. es Tavi gamiznulia proeqtis menejerebisaTvis, konservaciis muSakebisaTvis, arqiteqtorebisaTvis, damgegmavebisaTvis, mowveuli mkvlevarebisaTvis da arqeologebisaTvis, romlebic SeiZleba CarTuli iyvnen istoriuli Senobebis da maTi landSaftebis SekeTebis, marTvis da maTSi cvlilebebis Setanis saqmeSi. raki bevri es procedura nacnobia arqeologebisaTvis, arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba imaSi, Tu rogor xdeba kdka-s dakveTa da Cveulebrivi Senobis da misi landSaftis samuSaoebis da momsaxurebis warmoeba.

a1. 2 reziumes Sedgena

mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba samuSaos warmoebis aucilebloba, Semdegi nabiji iqneba reziumes Sedgena. reziume SeiZleba Sedgenili iyos damfinansebeli organos, adgilobrivi mTavrobis, an profesionali konsultantis mier. yvela SemTxvevaSi, reziumes Sinaarsi SeTanxmebuli unda iyos dainteresebul mxareebTan samuSaoebis dawyebamde. kdka ar unda daukveTon an moTxovon reziumes gareSe, radgan igi aris garantia imisa, rom samuSaoebi Catardeba konservaciis yvelaze uSualo moTxovnebis Tanaxmad.

dawerili reziumes sikeTe mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi naTlad asaxavs saWiroebebs da uzrunvelyofs xarjebis gaTvaliswinebas adreul etapze da mis CarTvas mTlian proeqtSi. reziume garantiaa imisa, rom nebismieri kdka moemsaxureba individualur sakonservacio proeqtebs da daakmayofilebs ufro farTo profesionalur standartebs. mas agreTve SeuZlia daexmaros sxvadasxva sferos specialistebs CaerTon konservaciis proeqtSi, raTa moxdes maTi muSaobis koordinacia. misi kidev erTi dadebiTi mxare aris is, rom mas SeuZlia iseTi pirobebis Seqmna, risi uzrunvelyofa ar SeuZlia arc standartul SeTanxmebas da arc grantis pirobebs.

reziume warmoadgens mcire zomis dokuments (ix. danarTi �), romelic ganmartavs, Tu ra saxis samuSaos Catarebaa saWiro da ratom. igi ar aris detalurad gawerili, magram masSi maxvili Sedegebzea dasmuli. specifikacia ufro vrceli dokumentia.

reziume unda iyos Semowmebuli da SeTanxmebuli ganmcxadeblis an proeqtis arqiteqtoris mier. amis Semdeg arqiteqtorma unda daurigos misi aslebi samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad SerCeul kontraqtorebs, rogorc maTi satendero dokumentis nawili.

saWiroa Camoyalibdes reziumes standartuli forma, rac yvela RirsSesaniSnav adgils miesadageba, Tumca garkveuli saTauri yovelTvis unda gansazRvravdes dokuments. reziumeSi unda aisaxos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Tvisebebi da igi Sedgenili unda iyos im specialistis

- �0� -

mier, vinc kargad icis am adgilis istoria da mniSvneloba. reziumeSi mocemuli unda iyos analizis Catarebis mizezi da gansazRvruli unda iyos miznebi da kvlevis amocanebi. aseve masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos saWiro meTodebi, wyaroebi da naxazis saxeobebi. garda amisa dokumentSi unda aisaxos sakonservacio samuSaoebis savaraudo programa, raTa ganvsazRvroT analizis etapebi.

gaiTvaliswineT, rom metruli kvlevisTvis inglisis memkvidreoba aqveynebs srul CamonaT-vals (inglisis memkvidreoba, �000 w.).

a1. 3 specialistis SerCeva

aseve dafiqreba sWirdeba yvelaze Sesaferisi pirovnebis SerCevas, romelic kdka-s ganax-orcielebs. dResdReobiT cotaa gamocdili da saqmisTvis Tavdadebuli adamianebi, amdenad, kontraqtoris SerCevas gulisyuriT unda mivudgeT.

arqiteqturis analizi, nagebobis da landSaftis analizi profesiuli Cvevebia, romelic wrTvnasa da gamocdilebas emyareba. konservaciis specialistebi, rogorebic arian arqiteq-torebi, mSeneblebi, mkvlevarebi, konservaciis muSakebi, damgegmavebi da arqeologebi, iReben gamocdilebas am sferoebSi, radgan es istoriul Senobebsa da landSaftebze maTi samuSaos nawilia.

nagebobis an landSaftis analitikosis gansja SesaZlebelia mxolod mis mier Sesrule-buli sxva samuSaoebis mixedviT. sanam specialists saqmes CavabarebdeT, unda moviTxovoT mis mier Sesrulebuli naxazebi da angariSebi, raTa davadginoT misi ostatoba. amave dros, unda davrwmundeT, rom misi gansakuTrebuli ostatoba Seesabameba RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis saWiroebebs. magaliTad, Senobebis gaTxrebis garkveuli ostatoba gamousadegaria georgianu-li stilis interieris kvlevisas, xolo konservaciis teqnikuri sakiTxebis codna warmoadgens mxolod mcire nawils im gamocdilebisa, rasac kdka-s srulyofili warmoeba saWiroebs.

erT pirovnebas, an firmas SeiZleba ar hqondes yvela aucilebeli codna, rac konkretul proeqts esaWiroeba ase, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes ramodenime firmis TanamSromloba. zo-gierTi firmebi acxadeben, rom maT dawesebulebaSi hyavT yvela sferos gamocdili speciali-stebi. am SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia davazustoT vis ra saqme daevaleba da winaswar gavarkvioT maTi wina samuSaoebis xarisxi.

a1. 4 specialistis daniSvna

proeqtis menejeri, arqireqtori an mkvlevari, romelic proeqtSia dakavebuli, pasuxs unda agebdes im pirovnebasa, Tu gundze, romelsac kdka-s ganxorcieleba daevaleba.

arsebobs kontraqtoris daniSvnis ori gza

1. rogorc proeqtis gundis wevribevri dadebiTi mxare aqvs mkvlevar-analitikosis daniSvnas specialistebis

gundSi, romelTac evalebaT dagegmva da SekeTebis samuSaoebis zedamxedveloba; mis mier mowodebuli cnobebi umal SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos praqtikul samuSaoebSi; SesaZlebeli xdeba muSaobis Sedegebis integrireba; ufro efeqtiuria arqiteqtorisa da mkvlevaris TanamSromloba; da, bolos, viTardeba gadaZaxil-gadmoZaxilis procesi analizsa da SekeTebas Soris.

2. rogorc calke proeqtikvleva da analizi SeiZleba calcalke iyos anazRaurebuli. es SeiZleba

ufro advili iyos, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu xarjebi ar aris CarTuli Tavdapirvel proeqtSi, cudi mxare ki isaa, rom Zneldeba analizis mTlian samuSaoebSi integrireba.

rogorc nebismieri specialistis daniSvnisas, kontraqti, sadac valdebulebebis pirobebia miTiTebuli, unda SeTanxmebuli da xelmowerili iyos orive mxares mier.

- �0� -

a1. 5 tenderis Catareba

miuxedavad imisa, rom fuladi Rirebuleba mniSvnelovania kdka-s ganxorcielebisas, fasze damyarebuli SejibriTi tenderi ar iqneba warmatebis momtani xarisxis standartebis gaTval-iswinebis gareSe.

kdka-s daangariSeba ufro Znelia, vidre nagebobis da landSaftis samuSaoebisa, amitom rekomendirebulia gansxvavebulad mivudgeT tenderis Catarebas. saukeTeso midgoma iqneba moeTxovos analitikoss warmoadginos proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegma, sadac proeqtis rezi-umes pasuxad, xarjebi iqneba miTiTebuli.

proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegma ubralod warmoadgens gaweuli muSaobis Rirebulebis Sefasebas, romelic, garda amisa, Seicavs Semdgom informacias imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda imuSaos kontraqtorma. aq unda aisaxos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis marTebulad aRqma da pro-eqtis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis gaazreba. momaval konsultantebs unda SeeZloT Camoay-alibon reziume, raTa miRweul iqnes dasaxuli amocanebi, an TiTon dasaxon Semdgomi amocane-bi. proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmaSi mocemuli unda iyos mosalodneli Sedegebis detalebi, muSaobis meTodebi, gegmis Sedgena, Statis dakompleqteba, TanamSromlebis profesionalizmi da gamocdileba da erTad muSaobis da urTierTobis wesebi.

a1. 6 muSaobis monitoringi

sasurvelia tardebodes kdka-s monitoringi damkveTi organos an im organos mier, ro-melic pasuxismgebelia pirobebis dacvis moTxovnaze (magaliTad, dagegmvis sammarTvelo an grantebis gamcemi organizacia), raTa darwmundes, rom igi

• Seesabameba proeqtis miznebs

• asrulebs SeTanxmebul reziumes da proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmas

• Sesabamisi xarisxisaa

• da warmoadgens fulad Rirebulebas.

aseve mniSvnelovania davrwmindeT, rom

• Sedegebi sxvebisTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba (mag., saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi proeqtis arqiteqtorisaTvis)

• kvlevis Sedegad mopovebuli informacia gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba SekeTebis samuS-aoebis warmoebisas

• is epasuxeba finansursa Tu programis miznebs

• angariSi (-ebi) drozea miwodebuli da misaRebi xarisxisaa.

- �07 -

danarTi 2

kdka-s sanimuSo reziume

reziumes am sqemis daniSnulebaa iyos kdka-s dakveTis dasawyisi. rac ufro naTlad Camoayalibebs Tavis moTxovnebs xelmZRvaneli organo,

miT ufro mniSvnelovani iqneba Sedegebi.

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis dasaxeleba/misamarTi/adgilmdebareoba

winapirobebi

ganmarteT rogor warmoiSva proeqti, warmoadgineT RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis raoba da informacia, rac sayuradRebo iqneba kontraqtorisaTvis, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba adgilis zusti adgilmdebareoba, yovelive debulebrivad gansazRvruli.

warmoadgineT samuSaos miznis mokle gancxadeba.

samuSaos mizani

konservaciaze damyarebuli kvlevisa da analizis (kdka) programa gamoiyeneba imisTvis, rom

• warmoadginos informacia, rac daexmareba ganacxads moipovos dadgenili SeTanxmeba (siaSi Setanili nagebobis SeTanxmeba/katalogizebuli Zeglebis SeTanxmeba/Suamd-gomloba nebarTvis mopovebaze an sxv.) an grantis miRebaSi.

• ufro naTlad gamoCndes adgilis mniSvneloba

• moipovos informacia SekeTebis samuSaoebis savaraudo programebisTvis

• daafiqsiros mniSvnelovani qsovili, romlis moxsnaa dagegmili, an romelic daifara samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros (Cveulebriv, esaa SeTanxmebis an grantis miRebis pi-roba)

• awarmoos im niSnebis fiqsacia, romelnic daikargeba nawilobrivi, an mTliani dan-grevis dros (Cveulebriv, es SeTanxmebis pirobaa).

ganmarteT kvlevis saxeoba. es aris reziumes Sedgenis yvelaze Zneli aspeqti, radgan igi gulisxmobs proeqtis da Senobis da misi landSaftis raobis moTxovnebis dabalansebas, raTa rac SeiZleba zustad dadg-indes detalizebis moTxovili done. samwuxarod, ar arsebobs amis gakeTebis martivi gza da yoveli calkeuli SemTxveva gansxvavebuli iqneba. am saqmeSi SeiZleba dagvexmaros saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis me-3 TavSi war-modgenili etapebi.

samuSaos saxeoba

pirveli etapi: Sefaseba

• swrafi Sefaseba (detalebisTvis ix. �. �. �). Tvalis Sevleba Senobis da misi landSaftis mniSvnelovnebasa da ganviTarebisTvis, Cveulebriv, samuSaoebis sqemis Sedgenis Sesa-mtkiceblad

• memkvidreobaze zegavlenis Sefaseba (detalebisTvis ix. �. �. �). afasebs specifikuri proeqtebis zegavlenas Senobisa da misi landSaftis mniSvnelovnebasa da qsovilze. gamoiyeneba rogorc dadgenili SeTanxmebis mopovebaze ganacxadis Sesamtkiceblad.

• gancxadeba konservaciis Sesaxeb an konservaciis gegma

SeniSvna: konservaciis gegmis reziumes nimuSis moZieba SesaZlebelia inglisuri memkvidreobis publika-ciaSi _ konservaciis gegmebi moqmedebaSi (1999).

- �0� -

meore etapi: samuSaoebis dawyebamde Catarebuli azomva

• metruli kvleva. zustad azomili gegmebis wyeba, Senobis fasadebi da Wrilebi an land-Saftis gegmebi

• dasruleba arsebuli kvleviTi naxazebisa an gamosaxulebis gamoyenebiT Sesrulebuli ganazomisa

• analizi RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis droSi ganviTarebisa. gamoiyeneba axali gegmisTvis ufro detaluri proeqtis Sedgenis dasaxmareblad, rac, Tavis mxriv, exmareba kon-servaciis gegmis, an msgavsi dokumentis Sedgenas.

samuSao SeiZleba Seicavdes

• analitikur naxazebs

• istoriul kvlevas an Tavdapirveli rukis aRdgenas

• fazobrivi gegmebis momzadebas

• samganzomilebian rekonstruqciis naxazebs

• specifikuri tipologiis Seqmnas

• geografiul monacemebs/monakveTis monacemTa sqemebs.

SeniSvna: inglisis memkvidreobam gamoaqveyna `metruli kvlevis Taviseburebani inglisis memkvidreobi-saTvis~ (2000). teqstis mopoveba SesaZlebelia pdf fotmatSi www.english-heritage.org.uk misamarTze. specialuri metruli kvlevis da arqeologiuri, Tu qsovilis analizis integracia moiTxovs gansakuTrebuli gulisyuriT movepyraT reziumes Sedgenis etapze, raTa davrwmundeT, rom kontraqtorma icis, Tu ra moeTxoveba mas.

mesame etapi: mizandasaxuli specialuri kvleva

• arqireqturis dafervis kvleva

• dendroqronologia

• arqeologiuri gaTxrebi

• teqnikuri kvleva

• geografiuli kvleva

• ekologiis an xis kvleva

• dainteresebul mxareTa monawileoba

nebismieri specialuri kvleva SeiZleba warmoebdes, rogorc ZiriTadi analizis nawili, an calke. arsebobs standartuli reziumeebi da umetesi meTodebis ganxorcielebis procedurebi. rCevisTvis SeiZleba mivmarToT organos, romelic gadawyvetilebebs iRebs an specialists. reziumeSi SeiZleba gansazRvruli iyos samuSaoebis warmoebis aucilebloba.

sadac SesaZlebelia, gansazRvreT meTodebi, romelic unda gamoiyenoT. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania naxazebisaTvis, an iseTi gazomvisTvis, romelsac SeiZleba dasWirdes fotogrametria, reqtificirebuli fotografia, an sxva saSualebebi. Tu naxazebi sxvebmac unda gamoiyenon (mag., arqiteqtorma, kontraqtorebma), maSin dazustebuli unda iyos SeTavsebadobis yvela moTxovnebi.

meoTxe etapi: analizi samuSaoebis warmoebisas

• adgilze warmoebuli kvleva da analizi

• im qsovilis aRnusxva, romelic daikargeba

daadgineT moTxovnebi, rac angariSis wardgenisTvisaa saWiro, romelic unda Seicavdes formats, aslebis raodenobas, proeqtis aslebis wardgenas, gavrcelebis TariRs das xv.

- �0� -

mexuTe etapi: moxsenebis gakeTeba, arqivSi gadacema da gamoqveyneba

• saWiro iqneba perioduli angariSebis gakeTeba [proeqtis etapebis gansazRvris mizniT]

• kontraqtorebs evalebaT warmoadginon saboloo angariSi akinZuli da ilustrire-buli (A4) dokumentis saxiT

• sasurvelia arsebobdes anazomebis naxazebi (disketaze, an qaRaldze nabeWdi aslis saxiT, Semcirebuli A3-mde da akinZuli angariSTan erTad)

• proeqti unda gadaeces gansaxilvelad (Cveulebriv, damkveT organos da sxva part-niorebs), sanam moxdeba saboloo angariSsworeba.

saboloo angariSis aslebi aseve unda gadaeces gansaxilvelad

• inglisis memkvidreobis erovnul ZeglTa nusxas

• [dasaxeleba] RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis da ZeglTa nusxas

• [dasaxeleba] aRricxvis adgilobriv organizacias

• proeqtis arqiteqtors (da sxva specialistebs)

• RirsSesanisnavi adgilis mflobels an mmarTvels

• adgilobriv organizacias (konservaciis ofiss/sxv.)

• sxva mniSvnelovan organizacias, romelic RirsSesaniSnav adgilTan aris dakavSire-buli

miuTiTeT misamarTi, sadac daculi iqneba dokumenti.

informacia xelmisawvdomi unda iyos saWiroebisamebr, da, ra Tqma unda, manam, sanam sakvanZo gadawyvetileba iqne-ba miRebuli. am Tavma unda ganmartos proeqtis struqtura da vadebi da gansazRvros informaciis miwodebis saboloo TariRi.

vadebis gansazRvra

• angariSis proeqtis asli gansaxilvelad unda gadaeces [vis] [vadaSi]

• angariSis saboloo asli, yvela SeniSvnebiT, unda gadaeces gansaxilvelad [TariRi]

rTuli kompleqsebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes RirsSesanisnav adgilze samuS-aoebis warmoebisas kvlevis da analizis sxvadasxva etapebis gansazRvra.

• anazomebis naxazebi/sxva Sedegebi unda dasrulebuli iyos da gadacemuli [arqiteq-torisaTvis/adgilobrivi organizaciisaTvis] [vadebSi]

proeqtis menejmenti da monitoringi

ipoveT kontraqtorTan Sexebis wertili da auxseniT mas rogor Catardeba marTva da monitoringi. aseve am TavSi SesaZloa gansazRvruli iyos ganxorcielebis maCveneblebi.

axseniT rogor iqneba samuSao uzrunvelyofili. Tu arsebobs proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmebis saWiroeba, am TavSi miTiTebuli unda iyos proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmis Sinaarsi, iseve rogorc yvela sxva aucilebeli informacia.

uzrunvelyofa (procurement)

konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvlevisa da analizis programa uzrunvelyofili iqneba, ro-gorc

- ��0 -

• proeqtisaTvis gaweuli specialistTa konsultaciebis erTobliobis nawili

• satendero paketi proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmis mimarT

samuSaosTvis proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegma unda Seicavdes

• mokle gancxadebas, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba, rogor iazrebs specialisti RirsSesan-iSnav adgils.

• gancxadebas meTodebis Taobaze, romelic ganmartavs, Tu rogor Catardeba samuS-aoebi. aq agreTve miTiTebuli unda iyos aucilebeli teqnikuri aRWurviloba, im wyaroebis adgilmdebareoba, romliTac unda vixelmZRvaneloT muSaobisas da sxva msgavsi sakiTxebi.

• ganmartebebs gansakuTrebul problemebze, romlis winaSe SeiZleba aRmovCdeT, an reziumes mier wamoWril sakiTxebs.

• pirvel rigSi Sesasrulebeli naxazebis pirvelad sias

• gundis wevrebis dayofas da maT pirad valdebulebebs

• gundis wevrTa CV-s da maTi Sesabamisi namuSevrebis nimuSebs. aq gansakuTrebiT mniS-vnelovania naxazebis CarTva.

• gaweuli samuSaosaTvis anazRaurebis ganawilebas.

uflebebi inteleqtualur sakuTrebaze

reziume unda Seexos inteleqtualur sakuTrebaze uflebebis sakiTxs. damkveT organos SeiZleba surdes darwmundes imaSi, rom kontraqtori nebas darTavs yvela monacemi gamoyenebuli iyos momaval programebSi, an momaval publikaciebSi, da rom monacemTa aslis mopoveba SesaZlebeli iqneba moTxovnisTanave. aseve damkveT organos SeiZleba undodes Tavisi uflebebis dacva nebismier monacemze, rac ki kontraqtors miawoda.

damxmare informacia

damxmare informacia unda Seicavdes nebismieri saxis sxva informacias, rac daexmareba kontraqtors realisturad Seafasos proeqtis moTxovnebi da samuSaos anazRaureba. informacia SesaZloa pirdapir iyos gadacemuli, an kontraqtors miuTiTeben, sad SeiZleba misi mopoveba.

janmrTeloba da usafrTxoeba

rCeva janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis kanonmdeblobis, wesebisa da normebis dacvis Taobaze, rasac unda daematos RirsSesaniSnavi adgilisTvis nebismieri riskis Sefaseba. potenciuri kontraqtorebi gafrTxilebuli unda iyvnen SesaZlo safrTxis Taobaze.

samuSao adgilTan misvlis saSualebebi

cnobebi samuSao adgilze misvlis saSualebebis Taobaze.

dazRvevis zomebi

rCeva dazRvevis sakiTxebis Taobaze (mag., profesiuli garantia).

- �� -

Sesaswavli teritoria

gansaxilveli teritoriis ruka an sxva informacia, romelic asaxavs mis zust mdebareobas.

dagegmvis winapiroba

informacia arsebuli SeTanxmebebis Sesaxeb, an Semosuli ganacxadebis Taobaze; cnobebi RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis adrindeli gegmarebis Sesaxeb; nebismieri arsebuli miTiTeba.

organizaciis standartuli moTxovnebi

organizaciis reziumesTan dakavSirebuli standartuli wesebi.

specifikacia

miTiTebuli unda iyos samuSaos sxvadasxva aspeqtis specifikacia (mag., metruli kvleva).

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia

arqiteqturuli naxazebi an anazomei, angariSebi, yvelaze mniSvnelovani wyaroebis da adrindeli kvlevebis aslebi yvelaferi, raTa kontraqtors moTxovisaebr SeeZlos arsebuli naxazebis ganaxleba.

zegavlenis Sefaseba

damfinansebel an sxva ogranos momzadebuli unda hqondes zegavlenis Sefasebis asli, an gansazRvruli hqondes sferoebi, rasac safrTxe emuqreba.

reziumes avtori:organizacia:kontaqti:TariRi:

- �� -

danarTi 3

specialuri terminebis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni

analitikuri (an qsovilis) naxazebisinTezuri ganmartebiTi naxazebi, romlis mizania asaxos nagebobis da misi landSaftis qronologia. aseTi naxazebi moiTxovs qsovilis kritikul analizs, nagebobis aSenebis, dan-iSnulebis da masSi Setanili cvlilebebis mowmobaTa dadgenas da xSirad Seicavs mTel rig arqiteqturul da arqeologiur cnobebs.

analitikosi (nagebobebis an landSaftis)gamoiyeneba Cvens ̀ saxelmZRvanelo principebSi~, rogorc pirobiTi aRniSvna eqspertisa nagebo-bebisa da landSaftebis analizSi, romelsac Cveulebriv, aqvs garkveuli gamocdileba arqeo-logiaSi, arqiteqturaSi an landSaftis istoriaSi, metrul kvlevaSi, nagebobis istoriasa da istoriul kvlevaSi, da romelmac kargad icis specialuri meTodebis raoba da gamoyeneba.

arqiteqturis dafervis kvlevanagebobis analizis ganxra, romelic gulisxmobs saRebavis dagrovili fenebis an sxva mosar-Tavebis mikroskopul analizs da amasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentaciis Seswavlas im mizniT, rom naTeli moefinos nagebobebis da maTi interierebis ganviTarebas da iq Setanil cvlilebebs.

reziumedokumenti, romelic gamoiyeneba kdka-s dasakveTad, romelic ganmartavs samuSaoebis war-moebis mizezs, miuTiTebs samuSaoebis masStabs da ganmartavs rogor iqneba igi ganxor-cielebuli. igi unda Seicavdes sakmaris informacias kontraqtorisTvis, raTa man uzrun-velyos proeqtis ganxorcielebis ufro detaluri gegma an meTodze gancxadeba. reziume ufro mokled aris Sedgenili, vidre sruli dawvrilebiTi specifikacia.

konservaciaze dafuZnebuli kvleva da analizi (kdka)kvleva da analizi aucilebeli nagebobebis da maTi landSaftis mniSvnelobis gasaazre-blad, rac Semdgom gamoyenebuli iqneba SekeTebis samuSaoebis, cvlilebebis Setanis, gamoy-enebis da marTvis Taobaze gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas.

dasrulebaadgilze detalebis Sesworebebis da damatebebis Setana, Cveulebriv xeliT, im naxazebSi, romelnic kameralurad Sesrulda (mag., fotometruli gegma) im mizniT, rom Seiqmnas vi-zualurad dasrulebuli safiqsacio masala, rasac SeiZleba daveyrdnoT analizisa da sxva samuSaoebis warmoebis dros.

mrCeveli konservaciis saxiTxebSiCvens ̀ saxelmZRvanelo principebSi~ ase ixsenieba adamiani, romelic iZleva rCevas konserva-ciis sxvadasxva aspeqtze. rCeva eZleva momxmarebels, an pirovnebas, romelic grantis miRe-baze akeTebs ganacxads, an igi SeiZleba iyos pasuxi wesisaebr SeTanxmebul ganacxadze. Cveu-lebriv, es pirovneba aris specialisti, romelsac aqvs gamocdileba konservaciis saqmeSi (konservaciis muSaki, arqeologi, arqiteqtori, mowveuli mkvlevari, inJineri, landSaftis arqiteqtori, istoriuli Senobebis zedamxedveli, mrCeveli istoriul teritoriebze, damgegmavi an sxva specialisti).

sakonservacio arealigansakuTrebuli arqiteqturuli an istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone areali, romlis xasiaTi an garegnuli mxare sasurvelia daculi an ukeT gamokveTili iyos, rac dadgenilia gegmarebis (siaSi Setanili nagebobebi da sakonservacio teritoriebi) ��0 wlis brZanebulebiT.

konservaciis menejmentis gegmakonservaciis gegma, romelSic warmodgenilia RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis menejmentis specifi-kuri RonisZiebebi da winadadebebi.

- �� -

konservaciis gegmadokumenti, romelSic asaxulia RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovneba, is, rogor unda davicvaT es mniSvnelovneba Semdgomi gamoyenebis, cvlilebebis, SekeTebis, menejmentis an ganviTarebis dros. igi emyareba konservaciis dagegmvis process.

konservaciis dagegmvis procesifiqri konservaciis gegmisa an gancxadebebis kvalad, rac moicavs adgilis gaazrebas, mniS-vnelovnebis Sefasebas, imis gansazRvras, Tu ramdenad daucvelia obieqti da iseTi prin-cipebis da saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis SemuSavebas, rac xels Seuwyobs mniSvnelovnebis momavalSi SenarCunebas.

gancxadeba konservaciis SesaxebCamoayalibeT konservaciis zogadi gegmis versia konservaciis gegmarebis procesis meSveobiT. Cveu-lebriv (magarm ara yovelTvis), igi mzaddeba damoukideblad da sakuTar codnas eyrdnoba. xSirad, konservaciis debuleba avlens xarvezebs codnaSi da migviTiTebs SemdegSi ra unda gakeTdes.

dendroqronologiamecniereba, romelic gansazRvravs xeebis asaks maTi wliuri wreebis mixedviT.

garemo zegavlenis Sefaseba (gzS)garemoze proeqtis SesaZlo mniSvnelovani zegavlenis sistematuri Sefaseba. kriteriumebi gzS-sTvis warmodgenilia DETR cirkularSi 0�/��.

gancxadeba garemos Sesaxebgaremoze proeqtis SesaZlo zegavlenis (eqvemdebareba gzS-s) Sesaxeb specialistis mier Se-grovebuli detaluri informacia, romelic CarTuli unda iyos warmodgenilia DETR 0�/�� cirkularis damateba A-Si.

gancxadeba memkvidreobaze zegavlenis Sesaxebspecifikuri winadadebis istoriuli nagebobis da misi landSaftis gansakuTrebul Tvise-bebze zegavlenis Sefasebis procesi da mavne zegavlenis Semcirebis RonisZiebebis dasaxva.

gamosaxulebis gamoyenebiT gazomvagazomva, romlis monacemTa wyaros warmoadgens vizualuri saxe (fotografiuli an cifruli), masStabis elementebTan erTad. kvlevis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos dokumenturi fotosuraTi, Strix-uli naxazi, samganzomilebiani cifruli modeli, orTofotografia an perspeqtiuli xedi.

damoukidebeli TariRisxvadasxva meTodebiT dadgenili TariRi, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo arqeologiur an istoriul qronologiasTan.

siaSi Setanili nagebobebiSenoba Sesuli gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis arqiteqturul an istoriul nagebobaTa siaSi, romelic Sedga ��0 wlis gegmarebis (siaSi Sesuli nagebobebi da sakonservacio arealebi) kanonis Tanaxmad.

RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis gazomvagaazomvaze dafuZnebuli kvleva, rac gulisxmobs uSualo kavSirs nagebobasTan an land-SaftTan (gamosaxulebis gamoyenebiT gazomvisgan gansxvavebiT). meTodebi moicavs eda-s (eleqtro-distanciur azomvas), ueda-s (urefleqtoro (Reflectorless) eleqtro-distanciur azomvas) da xeliT Sesrulebul gazomvas.

metruli an azomviTi gazomvanebismieri saxis kvleva, sadac gamoyenebulia gameorebadi da verificirebadi meTodebi, romlis kvalobaze Cndeba gegma, Sesruleba, mSeneblobis Tanmimdevroba da nagebobis dan-iSnuleba, romlebic mkafiodaa asaxuli gegmebSi, WrilebSi da fasadebze.

- �� -

Sesustebazomebi, romelic miiReba istoriul RirsSesaniSnav adgilebze SesaZlo zianis Semcirebis mizniT. aq SeiZleba Sediodes zianis Tavidan arideba, problemis gadaWris meTodebi, vari-antebis Sefaseba an Semdgomi informaciis moZieba.

ortofotografiebiorganzomilebini fotosuraTebi, sadac Sesworebulia masStabis cdomileba, anu misi masStabi erTiania mTel gamusaxulebaze, miuxedavad obieqtis reliefisa an sibrtyeebad ganfenisa. isini miiReba cifruli fotogrametriiT.

fazebad dayofadrois manZilze momxdari cvlilebebis amsaxveli monacemebis organizebis procesi inteleq-tualurad erTian drois erTeulebad an fazebad. fazebad dayofa moicavs RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis fardobiTi qronologiis mibmas romeliRac damoukidebel TariRze, terminus ante quem da terminus post quem gamomdinare.

fotogrametriastereofotosuraTebidan zusti anazomebis da naxazebis miRebis meTodi.

proeqtis CamoyalibebawerilobiTi gancxadeba proeqtis amocanebis, meTodebis, ganrigis da resursebis Sesaxeb, rac moniSnavs proeqtis ganxorcielebis CarCos. es ise detalurad unda iyos warmodge-nili, rom SesaZlebeli iyos misi daangariSeba, danergva da monitoringi.

swrafi Sefasebanagebobis da misi landSaftis Tavdapirveli gaazreba, rac emyareba arsebul werilobiT da grafikul informacias da adgilis monaxulebas misi raobis, moculobis da istoriuli qsovilis xarisxis gansazRvris mizniT.

registrirebuli parki an baRiRirsSesaniSnavi adgili, romelic Sesulia inglisis memkvidreobis mier Sedgenil inglisis gansakuTrebuli istoriuli mniSvnelobis parkebisa da baRebis saregistracio JurnalSi. dResdReobiT JurnalSi Setanilia daaxlovebiT �,��0 RirsSesaniSnavi adgili.

uZvelesi katalogizebuli ZeglebiRirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi, romlebic Sesulia uZvelesi daculi Zeglebis katalogSi da, amdenad, eqvemdebareba ��7� wlis uZvelesi Zeglebisa da arqeologiuri arealebis kanons.

specifikaciakonkretuli proeqtisaTvis saWiro samuSaoebis werilobiTi ganrigi, warmodgenili ise dawvrilebiT, rom SeiZlebodes misi daangariSeba, danergva da monitoringi.

Terminus ante quem`dro, romelze ufro adre~ _ RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis qronologiis fazebad dayofisas, dro, romlis winac moxda romeliRac cvlileba.

Terminus post quem`dro, romlis Semdeg~ _ RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis qronologiis fazebad dayofisas, dro, romlis mere moxda romeliRac cvlileba.

- �� -

danarTi 4

literatura

kanonmdebloba da saxelmwifo kanonebi

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas 1990.

Town and Country Planning Act 1990.

Town and Country Planning (Applications) Regulations SI 1988 No.1812.

Department of the Environment Crown land and crow development. Circular 18/84.

Department of the Environment Historic buildings and conservation areas - policy and procedures. Circular 08/87.

Department of the Environment 1990 Planning policy guidance 16: archaeology and planning.

Department of the Environment/Department of National Heritage 1994 Planning policy guidance 15: planning and the historic environment.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Environmental impact assessment. Cir-cular 02/99.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions/Department of Culture, Media and Sport Arrangements for handing heritage applications: notification and directions by the Secretary of State. Circular 01/2001.

The Faculty Jurisdiction Rules 2000 SI 2000 No.2047.

HMSO 1991 Care of Churches and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure.

inglisuri memkvidreoba da sxva miTiTebani

Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers (ALGAO)1997 Analysis and recording for the conservation and control of works to historic buildings.

British Standards Institution 1998 Guide to the principles of the conservation of historic buildings. BS 7913.

Department of the Environment (DoE) 1995 Preparation of environmental statements for planning projects that require environmental assessment – a good practice guide.

Department of the Environment, Transport and Regions 2000 Environmental impact assessment: a guide to the procedures.

English Heritage 1994 Investigative work on historic buildings.

English Heritage 1995 Development in the historic environment: an English Heritage guide to policy, procedure, and good practice.

English Heritage, 1995 Cathedral fabric records: a report of the joint working group on records and recording of cathedral fabric.

English Heritage 1995 Easy access to historic properties.

English Heritage 1996 Developing guidelines for the management of listed buildings.

English Heritage 1997 Sustaining the historic environment: new perspectives on the future – a discus-sion document.

English Heritage 1997 Conservation area appraisals: defining the special architectural or historic inter-est of conservation areas.

English Heritage 1998 Dendrochronology: guidelines on producing and interpreting dendrochronologi-cal dates.

- �� -

English Heritage 1998 The register of parks and gardens: an introduction.

English Heritage/English Nature 1998 Bats in churches.

English Heritage 1998 The care of historic buildings and ancient monuments – guidelines for govern-ment departments and agencies.

English Heritage 1999 Enabling development and the conservation of heritage assets.

English Heritage 2000 The presentation of historic building survey in CAD.

English Heritage 2000 Metric survey specifications for English Heritage.

English Heritage 1999 Guidance notes for applicants: English Heritage

grants for the repair and conservation of historic buildings, monuments, parks and gardens 1999-2002.

English Heritage 2000 Catalogue of free conservation publications.

Heritage Lottery Fund 1998 Conservation plans for historic places.

Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA) 1999 Standards and guidance for the archaeological investiga-tion and recording of standing buildings or structures.

Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England 1996 Recording historic buildings: a de-scriptive specification. 3rd edition.

damatebiTi literatura

Alcock, N W, Barley, M W, Dixon, P W and Meeson, R A 1996 Recording timber-framed buildings: an illustrated glossary. 2nd edition. Council for British Archaeology Practical Handbooks in Archaeology 5, York: CBA.

Alcock, N W and Hall, L 1994 Fixtures and fittings in dated houses 1567-1763. Council for British Ar-chaeology Practical Handbooks in Archaeology 11, York: CBA.

Barnwell, P and Adams, A 1994 The house within: interpreting medieval houses in Kent. Swindon: RCHME.

Barley, M W 1974 A guide to British topographical collections. London: CBA.

Bond, F 1906 Gothic architecture. Batsford: London.

Bowden, M 1999 Unravelling the landscape. Stroud: Tempus.

Brown, A (ed) 1999 The rows of Chester: the Chester rows research project. London: English Heri-tage.

Brunskill, R W 2000 Vernacular architecture: an illustrated handbook. 4th edition. London: Faber & Faber.

Buchanan, T 1983 Photographing historic buildings. London: HMSO.

Clark, K 1999 Conservation plans in action. Proceedings of the Oxford conference. London: English Heritage.

Colvin, H 1995 A biographical dictionary of British architects 1600-1840. 3rd edition. New Haven and London: Yale.

Cocke, T et al 1996 Recording a church: an illustrated glossary. 3rd edition. council for British Archaeol-ogy Practical Handbooks in Archaeology 7, York: CBA.

Curl, J S 1999 A dictionary of architecture. Oxford University Press.

Grenville, J 1997 Medieval housing. Leicester University Press.

Harris, R 1993 Discovering timber-framed buildings. 3rd edition. Princes Risborough: Shire.

Hewett, C 1980 English historic carpentry. London: Phillimore.

International Council on Monuments and Sites 1990 Guide to recording historic buildings. London: ICOMOS.

- ��7 -

Kerr, J S 2000 The conservation plan. Sydney: National Trust of New South Wales.

Lambert, D, Goodchild, P and Roberts, J 1995 Researching a garden’s history: a guide to documen-tary and published sources. Reigate: Landscape Design Trust.

Miles, D 1997 “The interpretation, presentation and use of tree-ring dates.” Vernacular architecture 28, 40-56.

Morriss, R K 2000 The archaeology of buildings. Stroud: Tempus.

Mynors, C 1999 Listed buildings, conservaton areas and monuments. 3rd edition. London: Sweet & Maxwell.

Parsons, D 1998 Churches and chapels: investigating places of worship. 2nd edition. Council for British Archaeology Practical Handbooks in Archaeology 8, York: CBA.

Rodwell, W 1989 Church archaeology. Revised edition. London: Batsford.

Schmid, W (ed) 2000 GRADOC: graphic documentation systems in mural painting conservation. Pro-ceedings of a research seminar hosted by ICCROM in Rome 16-20th November 1999. Rome: IC-CROM.

Wood, J (ed) 1994 Buildings archaeology: applications in practice. Oxbow

Monograph 43, Oxford: Oxbow.

CD-ROMS

Compendium of Pevsner’s Buildings of England on compact disc. Oxford:Oxford University Press.

The Royal Historic Society Bibliography on CD-ROM. The history of Britain, Ireland and the British Overseas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- �� -

danarTi 5

rCevis moZiebis wyaroebi

inglisis memkvidreobis regionebi

North East Region 0845 3010 001North West Region 0845 3010 002Yorkshire Region 0845 3010 003West Midlands Region 0845 3010 004East Midlands Region 0845 3010 005East of England Region 0845 3010 006South West Region 0845 3010 007South East Region 0845 3010 008London Region 0845 3010 009

Ancient Monuments SocietySt Ann’s Vestry Hall2 Church EntryLondon EC4V 5HB020 7236 3934

ALGAO (Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers)c/o Planning DepartmentEssex County CouncilCounty HallChelmsfordEssex CM1 1LFwww.algao.org.uk

The Brooking CollectionUniversity of GrenwichOakfield LaneDartfordKent DA1 2SZ020 8331 9897

Council for British ArchaeologyBowes Morrell House111 WalmgateYork YO1 2 UA1904 671417www.britarch.ac.uk

English Heritage23 Savile RowLondon W1S 2ET020 7973 3000www.english-heritage.org.uk

English Heritage National Monuments RecordKemble DriveSwindon SN2 2GZ01793 414700www.english-heritage.org.uk

English Heritage Postal SalesKnights of Old LtdKettering ParkwayKetteringNorthants NN15 6XU01536 5335500

- �� -

Garden History Society70 Cowcross StreetLondon EC1M 6BP020 7608 2409www.gardenhistorysociety.org.uk

Georgian Group6 Fitzroy SquareLondon W1P 6DX020 7387 1720www.heritage.co.uk/georgian

Heritage Lottery Fund7 Holbein PlaceLondon SW1W 8NR0207 591 6000www.hlf.org.uk

ICOMOS UK (International Council on Monuments and Sites)10 Barley Mow PassageLondon W4 4PH020 8994 6477www.icomos.org

Institute of Field ArchaeologistsThe University of Reading2 Early GatePO Box 239Reading RG6 6AU0118 931 6446www.archaeologists.net

Institute of Historic Building Conservation3 Stafford RoadTunbridge WellsKent TN2 4QZ01483 252000www.ihbc.org.uk

National Trust36 Queen Ann’s GateLondon SW1H 9AS020 7222 9251www.nationaltrust.org.ukRoyal Institute of British Architects66 Portland PlaceLondon W1N 4AD020 7580 5533www.architecture.com

Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain115 Henderson RowEdinburgh EH3 5BBwww.sah.org

Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB)37 Spital SquareLondon E1 6DY020 7377 1644www.spab.org.uk

The Twentieth Century Society70 Cowcross StreetLondon EC1M 6BP020 7250 3857www.c20society.demon.co.uk

- ��0 -

United Kingdom Institute for Conservationof Historic and Artistic Works109 The Chandlery50 Westminster Bridge RoadLondon SE1 7QY020 7721 8721www.ukic.org.uk

Victorian Society1 Priory GardensBedford ParkLondon W4 1TT020 8994 1019www.victorian-society.org.ik

sasargeblo wEb misamarTebi

Department for Culture, Media and Sportwww.culture.gov.uk

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regionswww.detr.gov.uk

Public Record Officewww.pro.gov.uk

The Stationery Officewww.clicktso.com

RIBA Librarywww.riba-library.com/oncat

List of Conservation and Specialist Organisationswww.buildingconservation.com

British and Irish Archaeological Bibliographywww.britarch.ac.uk/biab

Images of England Projectwww.imagesofengland.org.uk

Heritage Unformationwww.heritageinformation.org.uk

sxva saintereso saitebi

European heritage policies and organisationswww.european-heritage.net

Historic American Buildings Surveywww.cr.nps.gov/habshaer

Internet sources in architecture and architectural historywww.library.ucla.edu/libraries/arts/websites/wwwarch.htm

- �� -

arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dafinanseba

evropis sabWos specialistTa jgufis mier SemuSavebuli dokumenti

dokumenti gamoqveynda 1991 wlis dekemberSi italiis Semnaxveli bankebis asociaciasa da safrangeTis Semnaxveli bankebis

erovnul centrTan TanamSromlobiT

evropis sabWo, 1991

FUNDINg THE ARCHITECTURAl HERITAgE

Council of Europe, 1991

- �� -

italiis Semnaxveli bankebis asociacia da safrangeTis Semnaxveli bankebis erovnuli centri ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi interesiT akvirdebodnen evropis sabWos iniciativebs arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservaciis sferoSi.

isini moxarulni arian ganacxadon Tavisi TanamSromlobis Taobaze am sferoSi, rac am moxsenebaSia ganxiluli.

Semnaxveli bankebi warmoadgens sakredito dawesebulebebs Zlierad gamoxatuli so-cialuri elferiT da kargad esmiT arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservaciasa, movlasa da marTvasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mniSvnelovneba.

am problemaTa mzardi seriozulobis pirispir, ufro da ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba koor-dinaciis konkretuli gzebis SemuSaveba erovnulsa da saerTaSoriso uwyebebs, universitetebs, eqspertebs, finansur dawesebulebebs, kompaniebsa da komunikaciebis samyaros Soris.

dRemde Semnaxveli bankebis Taosnoba gamoixata ara mxolod sarestavracio proeqtebSi, aramed aseve gamofenebisa da Sexvedrebis mowyobaSi, wignebis gamocemasa da video-filmebis SeqmnaSi, xelovnebis nawarmoebTa SeZenasa da muzeumebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi.

Cveni kulturuli memkvidreobis konservacia da gaumjobeseba, Cveni koleqtiuri mex-sierebis Senaxva da sicocxlis ukeTesi xarisxis uzrunvelyofa erTi im wvlilTagania, rac Semnaxvel bankebs surT Seitanon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.

warmodgenil moxsenebaSi Sedarebulia evropuli arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dafi-nansebis formebi rogorc regionalur, aseve erovnul doneze. es aris aucilebeli nabiji, vidre moiZebneba dafinansebis axali gzebi xSirad arasakmarisi sazogadoebrivi Tanxebis Ses-avsebad.

Semnaxveli bankebi darwmunebulni arian, rom evropuli kalendris momavali saknaZo TariRebi da aRmosavleT evropaSi mimdinare sagulisxmo cvlilebebi evropis sabWos axali Taosnobis SesaZleblobas miscems; Semnaxveli bankebi aseve adastureben Tavis mzadyofnas ga-namtkicon Tavisi TanamSromloba evropis sabWosTan.

roberto mazottaitaliis Semnaxveli bankebis

asociaciis Tavmjdomare

Jan-pier Tioloni safrangeTis Semnaxveli bankebis

erovnuli centris sabWos Tavmjdomare

- �� -

winaTqma

oci wlis manzilze, evropis sabWo aqtiurad moRvaweobda arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservaciis mimarTulebiT.

Tavidanve misi mkafiod gamoxatuli midgoma iyo kulturasa da sazogadoebas Soris urT-ierTobis damyareba, memkvidreobis konservaciis dakavSirebis meoxebiT ufro farTo so-cialur garemosTan. `integrirebuli konservaciis~ cnebam sawyisi misca gansakuTrebiT nayo-fieri ganviTarebis gzebs.

��0-an wlebSi am saqmianobam damatebiTi mxardaWera miiRo ekonomistebis, biznesmenebisa da finansuri eqspertebis mxridan, romlebmac aCvenes, rom nagebi memkvidreobis gamoyeneba ekonomikuri saqmianobisa da dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofis mZlavr stimuls iZleva. metic, eko-nomikis bevr seqtorSi misi mravalmxrivi zegavlena gulisxmobs, rom arqiteqturuli memkvi-dreobis restavarciis, movlisa da marTvisTvis gaweul xarjebs gaaCnia gamravlebis efeqtic. bevr SemTxvevaSi es Zalian momgebianic SeiZleba gaxdes, rogorc uSualod im biznesisaTvis, romelsac exeba, aseve makro-ekonomikur donezec.

Tu bolo oci wlis am saqmianobis mzardi moTxovnebi dakmayofilebuli iqneba, gaCndeba meti resursebis moTxovnileba. swored amitom evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma axlaxan miiRo rekomendacia im zomebis Taobaze, romlebmac unda waaqezon arqiteqturuli memkvi-dreobis dafinanseba.

es rekomendacia aris ekonomistebis, finansebis, samarTlisa da gadasaxadebis special-itebisa da xelovnebaTmcodneTagan Semdgari eqspertebis jgufis orwliani muSaobis dagvir-gvienba. aq swored am jgufis saboloo moxseneba aris warmodgenili.

misi laitmotivi aris kerZo da sazogadoebriv seqtorebs Soris TanamSromlobis aucile-bloba. kerZo Taosnoba, mogebis bunebrivi surviliT motivirebuli an patronaJis principebze dafuZnebuli, Seavsebs sazogadoebrivi ̀ yulabidan~ dafinansebul saqmianobas. sazogadoebrivi Tanxebis nawili gamoyenebul iqneba kerZo investiciebis stimulirebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis gziT, rac Seqmnis gamravlebis efeqtis axal tips.

es moxseneba mxolod dasawyisia. is gamiznulia gamoiyvanos garkveuli sakvanZo princi-pebi mTeli rigi sakmaod gansxvavebuli regionaluri da erovnuli viTarebebisTvis. amodis ra gansxvavebuli terminologuri da konceptualuri safuZvlebidan, igi cdilobs saerTo enis SemuSavebas. igi ganixilavs sxvadasxva evropuli qveynis mier SemoTavazebuli finansuri paketebisa da programebis rigs. Semdgomi gaumjobesebisaTvis jerac sakmaod didi SesaZle-blobaa da es moxseneba aseve SeiZleba ganvixiloT damatebiTi informaciis da axali winadade-bebis stimulirebis saSualebad, Semdgomi ganxilvis wasaqezeblad.

me imedi maqvs, rom dasavleT, centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi es moxseneba waaqezebs axal Taosnobas arqiteqturli memkvidreobis sasargeblod, romelic aris Cveni koleqtiuri mexsierebisa da Cveni identurobis safuZveli.

Jan-lui luqsenikulturuli memkvidreobis komitetis Tavmjdomare,

specialistTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli

- �� -

Sesavali

�. warsuli �0 weli evropaSi aRiniSna istoriuli memkvidreobis arsebobisa da Rirebulebis gacnobierebiT, romlis arqiteqturuli aspeqti yvelaze advilad aRqmadia farTo sazogadoebisaTvis da aseve yvelaze metad asocirdeba Cvens yoveldRiur garemosTan. miuxedavad gansxvavebisa masalis, stilis da suliskveTebis TvalsazrisiT, raSic evropis geografia aisaxa, im obieqtebis diapazoni, romlebic amJamad ganixileba rogorc memkvidreoba, ganuzomlad gafarTovda mTels evropaSi, iseve rogorc gaizarda im qmnilebebis raodenoba, romlebic iTxovs konservacias. konservacia TviTonac moicavs rig aspeqtebs, dawyebuli yoveldRiuri movliTa da monumenturi memkvidreobis kulturuli miznebisaTvis gamoyenebisaTvis gaRebuli TanxebiT da damTavrebuli msxvilmasStabiani restavraciiT.

�. es sami faqtori (siZveleTa SenarCunebis moTxovnilebis gacnobiereba, gadasarCeni obieqtebis saxeobebis ricxvis mudmivi zrda; konservaciisaTvis aucilebeli ufro didi masStabis samuSaoebi) asaxulia sainvesticio Tanxebze mniSvnelovnad gazrdil moTxovnilebaSi.

�. naTelia, rom saxelmwifo Tanxebi (centraluri xelisuflebidan, regionaluri da adgilobrivi administraciebidan) arasakmarisia im axali amocanebis gansaxorcieleblad, rasac evropis arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservacia moiTxovs.

kerZo investorebs, rogorc uZravi qonebis menaSeneebs, aseve mflobelebs, xSirad is afrTxobT, rom qvemoT ganxiluli mizezebis gamo, siZveleTa restavracia xSirad arc Tu iseTi momgebiani saqmianobaa, maSin roca axali mSenebloba met anazRaurebas iZleva. saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebic Tavs ikaveben memkvidreobis restavraciaSi investirebisagan. qmedebaTa masStabi xSirad scdeba erTi donoris SesaZleblobebs da esa Tu is saqmianoba (araklasificirebuli da dacvas moklebuli istoriuli nagebobis restvarcaia) ar ganekuTvneba imaT ricxvs, romelTaTvisac kanoniT sagadasaxdo SeRavaTebi aris gaTvalisiwnebuli.

�. Sesabamisad, Seiqmna moTxovnileba, erTi mxriv, sazogadoebrivi Tanxebis ufro efeqtiuri gamoyenebis gzebis Ziebisa, gansakuTrebiT maqsimaluri ukugebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT, da, meore mxriv, sarestavracio proeqtebisaTvis investiciebis momgebianobis gazrdiT an qvelmoqmedebis waqezebiT meti kerZo Tanxebis mozidvisa. winamdebare moxseneba Seecdeba am ori sakiTxis ganxilvas.

�. �� wlis � oqtombers granadaSi, arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis pasuxismgebeli ministrebis me-� evropul konferenciaze Sexvedrisas, xazi gaesva arqiteturuli memkvidreobis konservaciis ekonomikuri zemoqmedebis ufro gulmodgine Sefasebis aucileblobas da misi dafinansebis sirTulis ukeT wvdomas. swored am mizniT evropis sabWos mTavrobaTaSorisi samuSao programis farglebSi, romelsac warmarTavda arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis integrirebuli konservaciis saorganizacio komiteti (CDPH), Seiqmna specialitTa jgufi `arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservaciis dafinansebisaTvis~, romelsac daevala moxsenebis momzadeba Temaze `nagebi memkvidreobis konservaciis dafinasebis meqanizmebi~.

�. specialistTa jgufma daxmareba miiRo yvela dainteresebuli seqtoridan. mis muS-specialistTa jgufma daxmareba miiRo yvela dainteresebuli seqtoridan. mis muS-aobaSi monawileoba miiRes Semdegma organizaciebma, mag.: Shell Company, Foundation Jubilaums-Stiftung der Schweizerischen Bankgesellschaft, Cartier, Associazione fra le Casse di Risparmio Italiane (ACRI), Gruppo Iri Italstat, Eevropuli Semnaxveli bankebis jgufi, EEC-is informaciis, komunika-ciisa da kulturis generaluri direqtorati da fineTis garemos dacvis saminsitro.

7. es dokumenti aris am jgufis �� da �� wlebis muSaobis Sedegi�. eqspertebis Sex-vedrebs win uswrebda evropis sabWos mier mowyobili sami koloqviumi (iorkSi �� wels, mesinaSi ��7 wels da galifaqsSi, �� wels�), romlebmac gamoaaSkaraves memkvidroebis kon-servaciis dafinansebis sirTuleebi da am sferoSi arsebuli SesaZleblobebi.

dokumentis pirvel nawilSi ganixileba konservaciis dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi; meore nawilSi _ dafinansebis gamoyofis wamaqezebeli RonisZiebebi.

2 monawileTa sia ix. danarT �-Si.

3 am koloqviumebis masalebi gamocemul iqna evropis sabWos mier.

- �� -

nawili Ikonservaciis dafinansebis problemebi

�. am moxsenebis mizania konservaciiisaTavis xelmisawvdomi resursebis ufro efeqti-uri mobilizacia, meti aqcentiT dafinansebis meqanizmebze, vidre movlisa da konservaciis saxelmwifo biujetiT srul uzrunvelyofaze anda konservaciis politikaze. es gulisxmobs konservaciis gadatanas ekonomikuri procesebisa da sabazro kanonebis sferoSi, rodesac ZiriTadi sazrunavi momgebiani investiciebis principebi da reabilitaciis upiratesoba axal mSeneblobasTan SedarebiT. vinaidan memkvidreobis cneba moicavs nairgvar aspeqtebs, rom-lebic sakmaod Sorsaa erTmaneTisagan, problemisadmi yovlismomcveli midgoma saSualebas mogvcemda gamokveTiliyo gansxvaveba memkvidreobis konkretul tipebs Soris, Sesabamisi diferencirebuli strategiiebiT da dafinansebis variantebiT.

am dokumentSi termini `memkvidreoba~ naxmaria farTo gagebiT, ara mxolod calkeuli `sasaxelo~ Zeglebis, qalaqebis an nagebobaTa jgufebis aRsaniSnavad, aramed nagebobaTa yvela jgufisa, romlebsac gaaCnia ganuyofeli mTlianobis Rirseba maTi stilis anda iq TaobaTa manZilze mcxovrebi adamianebis jgufebis istoriis mier datovebuli kvalis gamo. `konserva-ciis~ cneba scdeba kanoniT dacul nagebobasa da kanoniT daucvel nagebobes Soris ubralo dayofas da orive am jgufs moicavs. igi gulisxmobs ara mxolod faqtiuri Senaxvisa da sarestavracio samuSaoebis fass, aramed, SeZlebisamebr, agreTve gamoyenebis, marTvisa da adaptaciis Rirebulebasac.

sakiTxebis dayenebisas da winaswari SemoTavazebis etapze, moxseneba agreTve ganaxsxvavebs Zeglebs da SenobaTa erTian jgufebs, erTi mxriv, da sxva Zvel nagebobebs, meore mxriv. es gansxvaveba yovelTvis ar emTxveva gansxvavebas kanoniT dacul da daucvel nagebobebs Soris. moxseneba efuZneba mosazrebas, rom ekonomikuri sicocxlisunarianoba unda iyos mizani ara mxolod zogadad Zveli nagebobebisaTvis, aramed didi arqiteqturuli Rirebulebis mqone ZeglebisaTvisac, ra Tqma unda, aucilebeli pirobiT, rom maTi yovelgvari axleburi gamoy-eneba pativs scems maT istoriul warmomavlobas da kulturul Rirebulebas.

da bolos, sityva `dafinanseba~ moxsenebaSi gamoyenebulia sakonservacio proeqtebisaT-vis Tanxebis moZiebis yvela saSualebis mniSvnelobiT.

I. memkvidreobis konservaciis kulturuli da ekonomikuri faseuloba

�. �� wlidan moyolebuli, rekonstruqciis moTxovnebma da kidev ufro metad ��0-ian wlebSi ekonomikurma zrdam sasikeTo pirobebi warmoSva axalmSeneblobebisTvis, rasac daemata mosaxleobis omis Semdgomi zrdiT ganpirobebuli moTxovnebi binaTmSeneblobisa da sabinao fondis ganaxlebaze, rac winare periodebSi yovelTvis ganicdida investiciebis na-klebobas. sxvadasxva xarisxiT, Tumca Ra erTidaimave mizanswrafviT, sesxebis stimulirebis politikiT axali binaTmSenebloba da axali binebis Sesyidvis waqezeba sakmaod Zlieri iyo umetes qveyanaSi, kerZo individuumTa sasargeblod da ZiriTadi socialuri moTxovnebis sa-pasuxod, romelic xasiaTdeboda cxovrebis standartebis amaRlebiT.

gamokveleva, romelic Catarda safrangeTSi ANAH-s (Agence Nationale pour l’Amelioration de l’Habitat – sacxovrisis gaumjobesebis erovnuli saagento) mier, aCvenebs, rom zog qveyanaSi sareabilitacio bazari avlens axalmSeneblobis dajabnis tendencias (ix. tab. I da II). es ten-dencia SeiZleba Semdegnairad aixsnas:

_ resursebis TvalsazrisiT, ekonomikuri zrdis Senelebam da msxvil urbanul cen-trebSi miwis sul ufro metma naklebobam aiZula bevri samSeneblo firma, gadaeta-naT Tavisi saqmianoba axalmSeneblobebidan reabilitaciis sferoSi;

_ moTxovnebis TvalsazrisiT, kulturuli Rirebulebebis mZafrma gacnobierebam da transportis fasma da siZneleebma gazarda qalaqebis centrebis mimzidveloba, ra-mac Zvel Senobebze moTxovnilebis sagulisxmo mateba gamoiwvia.

�0. am orma faqtorma didad gazarda miwiT spekulirebis riski, Tumca, roca yvelaferi gaTvalisiwnebulia, axal Senobas mainc upiratesoba aqvs Zvelis restavraciasTan SedarebiT. Sesabamisad, am moxsenebis erT-erTi mizania xeli Seuwyos Zveli Senobebis dafinansebas da

- �� -

amiT gazardos maTi gadarCenis Sansi. aq gamoyenebuli midgoma mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gakeT-des identifikacia im gzebisa, rac Seabrunebs am tendencias reabilitaciiis sasargeblod, an konservaciasa da axalmSeneblobas Tundac Tanabari mimzidvelobas mianiWebs. es midgoma marTlac Zalian sasurvelia imis gaTvalisiwnebiT, rom bevr qveyanaSi axalmSeneblobis seq-torSi Cadebuli investiciebi matulobs, rasac iribad SeuZlia daabrkolos reabilitaciis sasargeblod bolo �0 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaweuli Sroma.

A. konservaciis kulturuli Rirebuleba

��. evropaSi ��7 wlidan moqmedi xuroTmoZRvruli memkvidreobis dacvis konvenciiT cneba `memkvidreobaSi~ gulisxmobs Zeglebs, romlebic istoriis umTavresi niSnulebia, SenobaTa jgufebs qalaqSi an soflis garemoSi da istoriul RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs, parkebsa da baRebs, an, ufro zogadad, peizaJebs adamianis zemoqmedebis kvaliT, romlebic bunebisa da adamianis erToblivi qmnilebania. Tavi �0.� agreTve gulisxmobs iseTi nagebobebis konservacias da gamoyenebas, romelTa arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar iZleva dacvis garantias, Tumca isini sainteresoa qalaqur an soflis garemoSi maTi ganTavsebis gamo. am sxvadasxva komponents Soris gansxvavebis Cvenebis gareSec, Zveli Senobebis movlasa da reabilitaciaa ueWvelobiTaa dasabuTebuli rogorc evropul, aseve erovnul, regionalur da adgilobriv doneebze. nagebi memkvidreoba evropis erToblivi mexsierebis sayrdenia, romlis codna, misi moWarbebuli mravalferovnebis miuxedavad mravalgvar mxatvrul urTierTgavlenas da Rrma msgavsebebs avlens.

tabula I samSeneblo bazris struqtura 1988 wels (Catarda ANAH-s mier)

ECU

(mi

lio

ni)

dab

egvr

amd

e

axal

i bi

naT

mSen

ebl

oba

sabi

nao

fo

ndis

ga

umj

obe

seba

da

movl

a

aras

acxo

vreb

eli

axal

mSen

ebl

oba

aras

acxo

vreb

lis

ga

umj

obe

seba

da

movl

a

jam

igermania **

safrangeTi *

italia **

didi britaneTi *

espaneTi*

Sveicaria *

SvedeTi *

fineTi **

dania**

norvegia*

aSS *

�� 700

�� 7�

�� 0

�� 7�

�0 ��0

7 �00

� ��0

� �00

� ��

� ��0

�� 00

�7 �00

��

��0

�� 7�

� ��0

� �00

� ��0

� �00

� �0�

��0

�� 00

�� 00

��

�� 0

�7 77�

� ��0

� �00

� ��0

� �00

� 7�0

� ��0

�0� �00

�� 00

�0 ��0

� 070

� �70

� ��0

� 700

� �70

� �00

� ��

��0

?

�� 00

�� 7�

�7 ��0

��0��

�� 0

�� 00

�� 0

�� 00

� ��

� 0�0

?

* saqonlis brunvis monacemebi** seqtoris mTliani produqciawyaro: BIPE / EUROCONSTRUCT

- ��7 -

tabula IImovla-gaumjobesebis indikatorebi – 1988w. (Catarda ANAH-s mier)

%

movlis mTliani xarjis wili

SenobaSi

mTlianad binaTmowyobis wili SenobaSi

movlis wili mTlianad

binaTmowyobaSi

mTlianad movlaSi

binaTmowyobis wili

germania **

safrangeTi *

italia **

didi britaneTi *

espaneTi*

Sveicaria *

SvedeTi *

fineTi **

dania**

norvegia*

aSS *

��,�

�7,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

�0,�

?

��,�

��,�

��,�

�0,0

�7, �

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

?

��,�

�7,�

�7,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,�

��,0

��,�

��,�

��,0

��,�

�0,�

��,�

��,�

7�,�

��,7

��,7

��,7

?

evropis kavSiri erTidaimave civilizaciidanaa warmoSobili da SeiZleba gaZlierdes misi memkvidreobis Rirebulebis axlidan SefasebiTa da imis ufro Rrma gacnobierebiT, Tu ras warmoadgens igi. dRevandel dRes kulturuli moRvaweoba moicavs `eko-muzuemebsac~, romlebic asaxavs gamqral an degradirebad sasoflo an industriul saqmianobas.

da mainc, wminda retrospeqtuli damokidebuleba miuRebelia im arealebSi, sadac SeiZleba damyardes kavSiri xalxuri Semoqmedebis simdidresa da tradiciebs da Tanamedroveobis gamoxatulebebs Soris. evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia R (��) � wevri qveynisadmi `sasoflo arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa da gaumjobesebis Taobaze~ xazs usvams xarisxiani axali arqiteqturis waqezebis sargeblianobas, romelsac tradiciuli sasoflo arqiteqturis memkvirdeobis interpretacia ZaluZs, romelic efuZneba uZveles sibrZnes da adamianis da misi garemos jerivan urTierTkavSirs.

��. memkvidreobis aRdgenis mizezebi ar unda iyos wminda kulturuli, miTumetes nostalgiuri, radgan memkvidreoba, faqtobrivad, uwyveti codnisa da unarebis gamorCeul wyarod rCeba. Sesabamisad, istoriuli Zeglis movla-Senaxvis Semdgomi perspeqtiva aris Zalze specializebuli tradiciuli meTodebisa da xelobebis gamoyeneba, romlebic Tavadac warmoadgens kulturul memkvidreobas, iseve Rirebuls, rogorc is Senobebi, romlebic maTi saSualebiT iqna gadarCenili. axali teqnologiebic, fotogrametriiT dawyebuli monacemTa damuSavebiT damTavrebuli, sakuTar SesaZleblobebs Tavazobs konservacias da memkvidreobas axal ganzomilebebsa da Rirebulebebs aniWebs.

- �� -

b. konservaciis ekonomikuri Rirebuleba

a) uZravi memkvidreoba, rogorc ekonomikuri faqtori��. miuxedavad imisa, rom arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis SedarebiT abstraqtuli

elementebis SenarCuneba, rogorc fundamenturi amocana, eWvqveS aravis dauyenebia, bolo aTi wlis manZilze gaCnda axali mimarTuleba, romelic konservaciis ekonomikur sargebels iTvaliswinebs rogorc makro, ise mikroekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. axla, rodesac gafarTovda memkvidreobis sazRvrebi, dafinansebis problemis axleburi gaazrebiT, gaCnda meti enTuziazmi memkvidreobis (farTo cnebiT) ekonomikuri zegavlenis Sesaswavlad, imis miuxedavad, kanoniT daculia Senobebi Tu ara.

evropis sabWos pirvelad kvelvas axalmSeneblobis fasTan reabilitaciis fasebis Sesadareblad, evropis Tanamegobrobis komisiisaTvis Catarebuli Zalian detaluri kvleva moyva�. amis mizans warmoadgenda memkvidreobis da memkvidreobis dacvis nebismieri komponentis ekonomiuri mniSvnelobis analizis meTodis SemuSaveba. ADEP ( Analyse de la dimension du patrimoine – memkvidreobis mniSvnelobis analizi) meTodi ar aris Semofargluli mxolod movlisa da sarestavracio samuSaoebis fasiT, aramed win wamoswevs Sefasebis analitikur modelebs, inter alia, konkretuli qmedebisaTvis saWiro investiciebis kombinaciebisa da aqedan miRebul erToblivi pirdapiri da arapirdapiri efeqtebis SefasebisaTvis. amgvari midgomis principebi Camoyalibebulia erTobliv moxsenebaSi, romelic wardgenil iqna arqiteqturuli memkvidreobisaTvis pasuxismgebeli ministrebis meore evropul konferenciaze belgiisa da luqsemburgis delegaciebis mier� da gameorebul iqna konferenciis #� rezoluciaSi.

kvlevebis mixedviT irkveva, rom bevr SemTxvevaSi sakmaod Sromatevadi tradiciuli masalebiT aSenebuli Zveli Senobebis regularuli ganaxleba gacilebiT iafia, vidre Tanamedrove Senobebis gamoyenebisa imave droiT monakveTSi, romlebSic samSeneblo teqnika da masalebi xSirad ufro susti da nakleb mdgradia.

b) pirdapiri ekonomikuri sargebeli ��. dasaqmebis simciris periodSi gansakuTrebuli efeqti aqvs gamorCeulad Sromatevadi

saqmianobis ganviTarebas. konservacia stimuls aZlevs movla-patronobisa da ganviTarebisken mimarTuli wamowyebebis mTel wyebas, upirvelesad, samSeneblo seqtorSi. restavraciaSi gamoyenebuli teqnikuri xerxebis specifikuroba moiTxovs xelobebisa da ostatobis ufro did nairgvarobas, vidre mSeneblobis sxva sferoebSi. es saqmianoba, Tavis mxriv, warmoSobs sxva saqmianobaTa rigs, gansakuTrebiT aucilebeli masalebisa da aRWurvilobis warmoebis mxriv. im Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebsac kulturuli fuqncia gaaCnia, iseve rogorc sarestavracio xelobebi da profesiebi, Cndeba samuSao adgilebi wvrTnis, marTvisa da reklamirebis sferoSi.

��. sxva pirdapiri sargebeli axali mSeneblobis nacvlad arsebulis reabilitaciis Sedegad Tanxis dazogviT Cndeba. saxelmwifoebrivi TvalsazrisiT resursebis gamoyeneba gacilebiT xarj-efeqturia. magram es ar wyvets sakiTxs reabilitaciisa Tu Canacvlebisa konkretul SemTxvevebSi, radgan ismis kiTxva: damatebiTi resursebi da saoperacio xarjebi nebismier SemTxvevaSi aRemateba Sedegad miRebul Rirebulebas Tu naklebia masze? reabilitaciis TvalsazrisiT, reabilitacasTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi marTlac mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi. es damokidebulia qmedebis saxeobaze, mag., mcire SekeTeba arsebuli sacxovrebeli standartebis misaRwevad Tu safuZvliani restavracia; intervenciis done Senobis saarsebo ciklTan mimarTebaSi, misi gamoyenebis mosalodneli periodi da Sesabamisi kontroli reabilitaciis xarjebze, rac kvlav winaswari diagnozis xarisxze, dagegmvasa da samuSaoTa marTvazea damokidebuli. Zveli Senobebi inarCunebs funqciebs (sacxovrebeli, administraciuli, salocavi da a.S.), rac SesaZlebels xdis im didi investiciebis Tavidan acilebas, romlebic maTi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli iqneboda (danazogi infrastruqturis da, kerZod, uaxloesi garemos TvalsazrisiT). erovnuli poziciidan es resursebis mniSvnelovani dazogvaa.

4 monumenturi memkvidreobis ekonomikuri Sefaseba _ analitikuri meTodis prezentacia _ R lemaire, Ch Ost, EEC study 1984.

5 “memkvidreoba, ekonomikuri aRorZineba da dasaqmeba~, belgiisa da luqsemburgis delegaciebis mier ward-genili erToblivi moxseneba arqiteqturuli memkvidreobisaTvis pasuxismgebeli ministrebis meore evro-pul konferenciaze, granada, �-� oqtomberi, ��w.

- �� -

c) arapirdapiri ekonomikuri sargebeli

i. turizmis wvlili

��. turistuli industria bolo �� wlis manZilze socialur fenomenad da centralur, gansakuTrebiT ki regionalur da adgilobriv doneze ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan faqtorad iqca. msoflio turizmis organizaciis bolodroindeli kvlevis mixedviT, evropis im regionebSi, sadac mravlad aris Tavmoyrili arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis nimuSebi, sagulisxmo sargebels iReben turizmisgan. uZravi memkvidreoba mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs turizmis Sedegad miRebul ekonomikur simdidres, magram amis detalurad Sefaseba rTulia. es damokidebulia konkretuli Zeglis mniSvnelovnebaze, mis adgilmdebareobasa da bunebriv, socialur Tu komerciul garemoze. turizmisagan miRebuli mogeba zemoqmedebs vaWrobisa da warmoebis mraval gansxvavebul seqtorze da iyofa moklevadian da grZelvadian mogebad.

zogierTi istoriuuli Zegli imden mnaxvels izidavs, rom Sesabamisi marTvis sistemis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba Tavad Senoba safrTxis qveS dadges.

�7.�� wels safrangeTis kulturis saministrom daukveTa �� frangul Zeglis kvelva�, romlebic maspinZlobs wliurad saSualod �00 000 _ ��0 000 mnaxvels, raTa gamoekveTa is damatebiTi ekonomikuri SeRavaTebi, romlebic turizmma moitana am adgilebSi. amgvari analizi ufro advili gasakeTebelia iq, sadac Zegli uciloblad stumrobis mTavari mizezia (Sartri, mon-sen-miSeli), vidre am kvlevaSi CarTuli �� adgili, sadac konkretuli Zegli mxolod erT-erTi mizania mraval sxvaTa Soris, Tumca Sedegebi aseve pozitiuria.

kvlevam, kerZod, gamoavlina Semdegi:

- konservacia arqiteqturul Zegls ufro Rirebulsa da mnaxvelTaTvis mimzidvels xdis. Zeglze yoveli �0 000 mnaxveli erT permanentul samuSao adgils qmnis;

- TiToeuli mnaxvelisTvis Sesasvleli fasis �� franguli frankis odenobiT dawe-sebisas, savaraudebelia TiTo turistisgan daaxloebiT �0 frankis miReba mis mier sakvebze, sastumroze, sxvadasxva saxis nivTebze gadaxdili Tanxidan.

magaliTad, erTi Zeglis damTvarielebelTa �0%-ze meti sadilobs axlomdebare restoranSi, e.w. `intensiuri~ (gansakuTrebulad motivirebuli) mnaxvelebis �%, romlebic saerTo raodenobis �0%-s warmoadgenen, xarjaven daaxloebiT ��0 franks erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi, roca Sesasvleli bileTis fasi �0 franks Seadgens.

kvlevis avtori askvnis, rom arqiteqturuli memkvidrobidan miRebuli turizmis sargebeli ar unda ganisazRvros mxolod Sesavleli bileTis fasiT (Tumca es mniSvnelovan resurs warmoadgens patara TemebisaTvis), aramed meoradi xarjebiTac.

ii. saxelmwifo investiciis erovnuli sargebeli

��. evropis sabWos saqmianoba adreul etapze xazs usvamda xelisuflebis mier memkvidreobaSi Cadebuli investiciebis xarjebis produqtiulobas. mravalmxrivi ekonomikuri Sefasebis meTodebi cxadyofs, rom am saxis investiviciebi namdvilad momgebiania. magaliTad, turizmi stimuls aZlevs ucxoel momsvlelebs daxarjon Tanxa Zeglis mimdebare teritoriaze; memkvidrobis konservacia qmnis axal samuSao adgilebs, gansakuTrebiT tradiciuli mSeneblobis seqtorSi, romelic Sromatevadia; saxelmwifo Semosavali izrdeba memkvidreobis movla-patronobasTan, restavraciasa da gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela saxis saqmianobaze dawesebuli gadasaxadebiT da mosakreblebiT.

iii. adgilobrivi ganviTareba��. turizmis Sedegebis garda, konservacia adgilobriv ekonomikasacganviTarebis

araerT saSualebas Tavazobs. movla-patronoba da restavracia xels uwyobs regionaluri da adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da mSeneblobisa da masalebis seqtorSi axalgazrdebis dakavebas. evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia R (��) �� wevr qveynebisadmi arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservaciasTan dakavSirebuli xelosnobis profesiebis mxardaWeris Taobaze, gamokveTs sarestavracio `bazars~ morgebul mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis xarisxobriv rols da agreTve im firmebis gadarCenis an kvlav amoqmedebis stimulirebas, romlebic adgilobrivi kulturis amsaxvel tradiciul regionalur masalebs

6 “La valorisation touristique du patrimoine culturel”, Valery Patin, WTO eqxperti, ikomosis kulturuli turizmis komitetSi evropis warmomadgeneli wevri.

- ��0 -

awarmoebs. rekomendacia R (��) � sasoflo arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa da gaumjobesebis Taobaze xazs usvams im sargebels, romelic SeiZleba miRebul iqnas naSeni memkvidreobis ukeTesi gamoyenebiT sasoflo arealebis ganviTarebaSi.

�0. �� wels galifaqsSi evropis sabWos mier mowyobili konferencia `memkvidreoba da qalaqis warmatebuli regeneracia”7, gamoikveTa Zveli da xariaxiani garemos mimzidveloba sxvadsxva saxis sawarmoebis da biznesis ganTavsebisaTvis. es gansakuTrebiT exeba mesame seqtoris saqmianobas, romlebic axal teqnologiebsa da sainformacio kavSirebs efuZneba, romelic manZilis gabaTilebiTa da saxlis pirobebSi muSaobis gaadvilebiT, gvTavazobs memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli dasaqmebis axal perspeqtivebs mcire da saSualo qalaqebsa da sasoflo arealebSi.

ufro zogadad, investireba arsebul SenobebSi (ganurCevlad imisa, es Senobebi daculia Tu ara memkvidreobis miznebisaTvis) da garemosa da cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebaSi aris urbanuli ekonomikis regeneraciis ufro farTo strategiis kidev erTi mxare. igi iTvaliswinebs calkeuli arealebisa da qalaqis mTeli ubnebis ieris gaumjobesebas da investiciebis waxalisebas dasaqmebasa da adgilobriv ekonomikaSi �.

II. memkvidreobis komponentebis diferenciacia da problemebis gansazRvra

��. zemomoyvanili msjeloba asaxavs istoriuli nagebobebisadmi globalur midgomas. sa-dac dafinansebis strategiebTan gvaqvs saqme, unda dadgindes arsebiTi sxvaobani kanoniT dacul memkvidreobasa da dacvas moklebul nagebobebs Soris.

A. daculi memkvidreoba da daucveli arqiteqtura

��. daculi memkvidreoba Sedgeba obieqtebisgan, romlebic an individualurad aris dacu-li (mag., cise-darbazebi, eklesiebi, industriuli nagebobebi…...) an erToblivad, mag., sakonser-vacio arealis SemosazRvris gziT, romelic moicavs istoriuli qalaqisa an soflis konkretul nawils. dacvis obieqti SesaZloa agreTve iyos `RirsSesaniSnavi adgili~, ufro vrceli areali, romelSic gaerTianebulia xelqmnili da bunebrivi elementebi. am tipis dacva xorcieldeba an specifikuri kanonmdeblobiT memkvidreobis Taobaze, an urbanuli ganviTarebisa da dageg-marebis Sesaxeb zogadi kanonmdeblobis konkretuli aspeqtebiT, an am oris kombinaciiT.

daucveli Zveli nagebobebi qmnis naSeni garemos sxva nawils da, axalmSeneblobebis ms-gavsad, bunebrivad eqvemdebareba qalaqis gegmarebis Cveulebriv wesebs.

��. daculi memkvidreoba, bunebrivia, qmnis naSenis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawils memkvi-dreobis kulturisa da istoriis TvalsazrisiT. igi eqvemdebareba garkveul akrZalvebs, gan-pirobebuls imiT, Tu rogor xdeba misi movla-Senaxva da restavracia, romlebic kompensi-rdeba oficialuri sabiujeto mxardaWeriT. erovnuli an oficialuri Senobebis gamoklebiT, ofisebisa an sacxovrisisaTvis gamoyenebuli nagebobebi im qalaqebSi, sadac uZravi qoneba Zalian fasobs, es memkvidreoba bevr qveyanaSi saTanado movlis naklebobas ganicdis. gan-sakuTrebuli kulturuli an religiuri funqciis mqone nagebobebi moiTxovs did xarjebs rogorc restavraciisTvis, aseve movlisa da marTvisaTvis. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT upri-ani unda iyos ganvasxvavoT: mcire mogebis potenciis mqone obieqtebi, romelic ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebiT gamoiyeneba; mogebis garkveuli potenciis mqone obieqtebi, romelnic ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebiT gamoiyeneba; kulturuli da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone Senobebi, romlebsac ZiriTadad ekonomikuri funqcia aqvs (tab. III).

7 angariSi da kvleva # ��, arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis seriebi, strasburgi, ��.

8 ix. `L’entretien et la modernization dse logements en milieu urban” – Organization de Cooperation et de Development Economique – Paris, 1986 – Etudes du Programme des Affaires Urbaines.

- �� -

tabula IIImemkvidreobis mravalsaxeoba da finansur_fiskaluri RonisZiebebis diversifikacia

(SemoTavazebulia b-n alvarec-is mier)

obieqtis tipi

obieqtebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebisaTvis mogebis mcire poten-cialiT

_ an imitom, rom is ar aris mogebis pirda-piri an arapirdapiri wyaro,

_ an imotom, rom misi movla-patronoba aris didi tvirTi saxelmwifo Tu kerZo mflo-belisTvis.

magaliTebi: nangrevebi, nasoflarebi, cixe-dar-bazebi, cixe-simagreebi, mitovebuli nagebobebi qalaqgareT arealebSi…... satriumfo TaRebi, obeliskebi, arqeologiuri obieqtebi;amaTgan mxolod gansakuTrebuli Zeglebi Sei-Zleba gamoyenebul iqnes turiszmisaTvis: pi-ramidebi, kolizeumi da sxv.

mogebis garkveuli potenciis mqone obieqte-bi, romelic ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebiT gamoiyeneba (turistebisaTvis suvenirebis gay-idva, gamZRoliani turebi da sxv).aq problema mdgomareobs marTvasa da movla-patronobaSi. movla ar aris aucileblobiT fi-nansuri tvirTi.magaliTebi: inglisuri cixe-darbazebi, frangu-li sasaxleebi (md. luaris Satoebi), istoriuli baRebi da parkebi, zogierTi RirSesaniSnavi ad-gili.

kulturuli da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone Seno-bebi, romlebsac ZiriTadad ekonomikuri funqcia aqvT.

misi konservacia kulturuli TvalsazrisiT momgebiania, gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi misi movla ar aris aucileblad finansuri tvirTi;igi moiTxovs adaptacias axali funqciisadmi,konservacia da restavracia SesaZloa Zviri iyos, misi mogebianoba damokidebulia mis adgilmdebareobaze (mag., romi, an sirakuza),unda gakeTdes arCevani, SenarCunebul iqnes igi Tavdapirveli saxiT Tu moxdes adaptacia axali gamoyenebisaTvis,

kerZo qonebasasoflo kompleqsebiZveli qalaquri samezobloebi an kompleqsebi izolirebuli Senobebi

SemoTavazebuli finansuri da fiskaluri RonisZiebebi

1. kerZo mflobelobaSi myofi obieqtebis dafinanseba

sazogadoebrivi dafinanseba: erovnuli/regionaluri/municipalurimniSvnelovani SeRavaTebi Semdeg sakiTxebSi:_ memkvidreobis gadasaxadi;_ simdidris gadasaxadi;_ adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi;Semosavlis gadasaxadidan investiciebis gamoqviTva;Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis ganTavisufleba dRg-sgan;zog SemTxvevaSi eqspropriacia;Senawirebi (gadasaxadebis Semsubuqebis sapasuxod);�% kulturis mosakrebeli

2. sazogadoebrivi an kerZo qonebadabalprocentiani sesxebi,sponsoroba finansuri organizaciebis mxridan, gadasaxdebisgan ganTavisufleba (gansakuTrebiT Tu obieqti Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis),memkvidreoba;memkvidreobis gadasaxadi, adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi;Semosavlis gadasaxadidan investiciebis gamoqviTva;Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis ganTavisufleba dRg-sgan,sponsorebi,eqspropriaciis gamoricxva.

kerZo qonebakanonmdebloba aadvilebs mis gamoyenebas:sesxebi restavraciis xarjebis dasafarad,sagangebo programebi kompleqsebis/zonebis an samezobloebis an izolirebuli nagebobebisaTvis,droebiTi ganTavisufleba gadasaxadebisagan.

a. sasoflo kompleqsebiganviTarebis gegmebi,saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan investiciebis gamoqviTva,subsidirebuli sesxebi (restavraciis an qonebis SeZenis xarjebis dasafarad),adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi: droebiTi gamoqviTva,sagangebo daxmareba an grantebi (mag., fasadebisaTvis)

- �� -

b. memkvidreobismieri akrZalvebi da dafinansebis problemebi

��. memkvidreobis sxvasadasxva tipebTan dakavSirebiT SesaZlebelia Semdegi saxis princi-pebis gamoyofa:

_ Zveli arqiteqtura mTlianobaSi mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da kulturuli Rire-buleba da ganviTarebis arsebiTi faqtoria. mas saTanado adgili unda hqondes mini-Webuli sabazro ekonomikaSi misi potencialis sruli gamoyenebisa da misi ukeTesi movla-patronobis mizniT. saWiroa axleburi midgoma, raTa Zveli Senobebi aRar iqnes miCneuli usargeblo tvirTad da gaumarTlebel investiciad.

_ Zvel SenobebTan mimarTebiT, axali reseursebis mobilizeba saWiroebs kerZo momgebi-ani investiciebis momravlebas, mogebis principebze dafuZnebiT, Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad. aRar unda arsebobdes im saxis sagadasaxado meqa-nizmebi da sakredito politika, romelic reabilitaciasTan SedarebiT axal mSene-blobas ufro uwyobs xels, iqneba es sabinao politikaSi (qonebis yidvis an sacxovri-sis daqiravebis waqezebiT), an biznesisa da mesame seqtoris saqmianobis danergvaSi;

_ gamoyenebuli finansuri meqanizmebi unda Seesatyvisebodes gansaxilveli Rirebule-baTa tips da maT ekonomikur funqcias kulturuli da socialuri Tvalsazrisi. mag.:

i. kvlavac saWiro iqneba msxvili saxelmwifo dafinansebis uzrunvelyofa (saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis bijetebidan, an sulac sazogadoebrivi SemowirulobebiT…...) um-niSvnelovanesi konkretuli ZeglebisaTvis, romelTaTvis nakleb savaraudoa kerZo investici-

b. kompleqsebi an samezobloebi qalaqebSi:_ qoneba komerciuli gamoyenebisaTvis:sesxebi restavraciisaTvis,adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisgan droebiTi ganTavisufleba,mSeneblisa da myidvelisaTvis saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan investiciebis gamoqviTva,_ arakomerciuli gamoyenebis obieqtebi:patara qalaqebi, Selaxuli samezobloebi,sesxebi restavraciisa an SesyidvisaTvis,droebiTi ganTavisufleba adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisagan,gamoqviTva saSemosavlo gadasadidan da damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadidan,dRg: SeRavaTebi Catarebul samuSaoebze,mimdinare urbanuli gaumjobesebebi da specialuri mravalmxrivi saretavracio programebi,saSemosavlo gadasaxadis mogebis Sefasebisas investiciebis gamoqviTva,�% kulturis mosakrebeli.g. calkeuli nagebobebisesxebi restavtaciisaTvis da droebiTi ganTavisufleba adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisagan,investiciebis gamoqviTva saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan, mSeneblis/restavratorisa da myidvelisaTvisSesrulebuli samuSaoebis ganTavisfleba dRg-sgan,patronaJi – fondebi,�% kulturis mosakrebeli,Sesyidva firmebis mier, saSemosavlo gadasaxadebidan investiciebis gamoqviTviT.

- �� -

ebis mozidva maTi SesaZlo dabali momgebianobis gamo an imitom, rom xelisufleba saWirod mi-iCnevs bazris zemoqmedebisgan maT garidebas Zeglis xasiaTis an misi istoriis gaTvalisiwnebiT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aRiarebuli mosazrebebis sapirispirod, umTavresi memkvidreoba yov-elTvis ukeTesad daculi da dafinansebuli ar aris. mogebaze mcdarad mimarTuli orientacia, uqmnis ra safrTxes konservaciis xarisxobriv aspeqtebs da veneciis qartiis mTavar principebs�, SesaZloa daukargos Zeglebs maTi arsebiTi mimzidvelobis wmnida kulturuli funqcia.

ii. saxeldaxelo dafinanseba, romelic problemebis droebiT gadawyvetas iZleva, unda iqnes moZiebuli agreTve naklebi arqiteqturuli Rirebulebis saxlebisaTvis, magram im konteqstebSi, romlebic gasaqans ar aZlevs sareabilitacio programebis momgebianobas (socialuri sacxovri-sis reabilitacia); adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxardaWera gansakuTrebiT saWiroa am mgrZnobi-are seqtorisaTvis, romelic Zalian mniSvnelovania cxovrebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad.

iii. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, saWiro iqneba bazris waqezeba da kerZo investiciebis mobilizeba.

III. kerZo investiciebis zegavlena obieqtebis restavraciaze

A. obieqtebis restavracia ekonimikur ciklSi

a) ekonomikuri faqtorebi restavraciasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi

��. konservaciis xarjebi da sargebeli Tanabrad arc mTlianad mosaxleobaze nawildeba da arc sxvadasxva Taobaze. amas aCvenebs tabula IV, romelzec tipiuri sakonservacio pro-eqtis xarjebisa da sargeblis gadanawileba aris warmodgenili. vinaidan zegavlena sazoga-doebaze erTgvarovani ar iqneba, tabulaSi mocemulia amasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadsxva seq-torebi, kerZod Semqnelebi da gamZRolebi Sesabamisi nagebobebisa urbanul sistemaSi (�, �) da isini, vinc moixmars mowodebul momsaxurebas (�,�). yoveli seqtorisaTvis mokled aRwerilia sakonservacio winadadebis zegavlenis xasiaTi (� da �). amgvarad, aq gvaqvs miniSneba im seq-torebis nairsaxeobebisa, romlebic SesaZloa CarTuli iyos gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi konser-vaciis Catarebis saWiroebis Taobaze, ganurCevlad imisa, uSualod aris isini dakavSirebuli am obieqtTan Tu mxolod arapirdapir.

magaliTad, mflobelebma da moijaradreebma im obieqtisa, romelic ar aris konservirebuli (�,�), SeiZleba miiRon sargebeli konservaciidan, kerZod, transferis xarjebi (faqtiurad, sxva mflobelebi wagebulni iqnebian), Tumca ar SexvdebaT faseulobis gazrdiT gamowveuli xarjebi, iqneb mxolod dabegvris odenobis gazrdis gamo. konservaciasTan dakavSirebuli xelisufleba (7-��) dafaravs amas finansurad Camoyalibebuli administraciuli meqanizmebiT da, SesaZloa, sub-sidirebis gziTac, namdvilad adgilobrivi da ufro farTo sazogadoebis sasikeTod (�-�0). am ad-gilis mnaxvelebi da turistebi (��) miiReben sargebels memkvidreobiT tkbobiT, Tumca amisaTvis gaiReben sazRaurs ara pirdapir, aramed maTi samgzavro, sastumroebisa da sxva xarjebis gziT.

��. gaumjobesebisken mimarTul yovelgvar qmedebaSi CarTulia uSualo monawileebis garkveuli raodenoba, kerZod:

_ mflobelebi (axlandeli an momavali);_ moijeradeni (axlandeli an momavali);_ mSeneblebi / menaSeneebi / anterprenerebi (sazogadoebrivi an kerZo);_ damfinanseblebi (gaumjobesebis proceSi da mas Semdeg);_ samSeneblo industria:_ menejeri (proeqtis mimdinareobisas da misi dasrulebis mere);_ sxvadasxva profesionalebi, CarTuli zemomoyvanil komponentebSi;_ sponsorebi (Tu arian).

9 ICOMOS – 1966 -I

- �� -

yvela monawilem SeiZleba wvlili individualurad an koleqtiurad Seitanos. logiku-rad, Tu romelime amaTagans surs monawileoba miiRos gaumjobesebis procesSi, mas mouxdeba daadginos, ra mimarTebaSia misi finansuri wvlili mosalodnel mogebasTan. mogebam unda gadaaWarbos Senatans sakmao raodenobiT, raTa misi monawileoba gamarTlebuli iyos. Tum-ca, zog SemTxvevaSi, am gantolebaSi SeiZleba gaTvalsiiwnebul iqnes ara-finansuri mogebac, rogoricaa mag., mflobelis survili sagvareulo rezidenciis aRdgenisa, an sposorisaTvis sasurveli saxeli da sazogadoebis dafaseba, rogorc garkveuli mogeba. aseTi saxis mogeba SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc aramaterialuri, gansxvavebiT finansuri mogebisagan.

�7. saWiro Tanxebis moZiebis mizniT, individualurma monawilema unda daadginos Tavisi proeqtis sicocxliunarianoba (anu rom finansuri mogeba mniSvnelovnad gadaaWarbebs xar-jebs), radgan sxvagvarad Seilaxeba msesxebelis usafrTxoeba. obieqtis xasiaTi da xarisxi mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas moaxdens qmedebebis finansur dagegmvaze, vinaidan moTxovnileba restavrirebul `produqtze~ xSirad ufro SerCeviTi iqneba, vidre axali Senobis SemTxvevaSi, imis gamo, rom Senobis gegmareba SeiZleba ar iyos idealuri axali gamoyenebisaTvis, anda restavraciis xarjebi SesaZloa ufro maRali aRmoCndes, vidre axali SenobisaTvis, aseve saoperacio xarjebic. sazogadod, mogeba ufro saeWvoa restavraciis SemTxvevaSi, vidre ax-almSeneblobisas. roca individualuri monawile ar aris mzad aiRos Tavis Tavze memkvidreo-bis xarjebi, es SeiZleba gaakeTos xelisuflebam, araxelSesaxebi da arcTu iolad gasazomi faqtorebis safuZvelze, konservaciis sikeTis gamo dRevandeli da momavali TaobebisaTvis da arapirdapiri mogebisaTvis, razec saubari iyo pirvel TavSi.

b) ekonomikuri gaTvlebi restavraciaSi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

��. tabula II aCvenebs, rom Tumca konservaciis mTliani xarjebi da sargebeli sakmaod standartuli iqneba TiTqmis yoveli proeqtisaTvis, yoveli dainteresebuli monawile dain-teresdeba mxolod im xarjebisa da mogebebis amonakrebiT, romlebsac Tavis sazrunavad mi-iCnevs. ase rom, yoveli maTgani gadawyvetilebis misaRebad sulac ar Caatarebs xarjebisa da mogebebis Tundac standartul ekonomikur gaTvlebs. marTlac, yvela pirvel rigSi ifiqrebs im xarjebze, romelic man piradad unda gaswios da im mogebaze, rac mas eqneba. rogorc aseTi, gamoyenebuli meTodebi, Tundac sakmaod mravalgvari, moeqceva erT kategoriaSi, rasac xar-jefeqturoba hqvia. am kategoriaSi yoveli monawile SearCevs Sesabamis meTods im qvemoT-CamoTvlili garemoebebisaTvis mosargebad, romlebic naCvenebia tabula VY-Si.

finansuri analizi (FA): finansuri sazrisi mxolod proeqtis wamomwyebisaTvis (is fi-nansuri xarjebi, romlebic unda gaiRos da is finansuri ukugeba, romelic unda miiRos).

socialuri dafinansebis analizi (SFA): iseve rogorc finansuri analizisas, oRond pro-eqtSi CarTuli sxva monawileebis CaTvliT, mag., momxmarebeli an subsidiebis gancemi administracia.

xarjmomgebianobis analizi (CBA) da xarjefeqturobis analizi (CE): roca samTavrobo uwyebas sWirdeba gaakeTos SedarebiTi Sefaseba sxvadasxva proeqtebidan miRebuli mogebisa, man SeiZleba ganixilos ekonomikuri xarjebi nacvlad finansurisa (anu gazomos wvlili realuri resursebis TvalsazrisiT) socio-ekonomikuri sargebelis safuZvelze. iq, sadac es ukanaskneli SeuZlebelia gamoTvlil iqnes, kriteriumi gaxdeba xarjefeqturoba.

sazogadoebaze zegavlenis analizi (CIA): adgilobrivi damgegmarebeli xelmZRvaneli unda zrunavdes yvela Sedegis da gamoZaxilis gaTvlaze sakonservacio proeqtebis yvela jgufisaTvis.

��. maSin, roca sakonservacio proeqtebis finansuri analizis mravali magaliTi arsebobs, sxva meTodebis gamoyenebis nimuSebi sagrZnoblad naklebia. ADEP meTodi (ix. paragrafi ��) ga-nixilavs konservaciis xarjebisa da mogebebis farTo speqtrs, rogorc ekonomikuri analizisas zogadad, romelic modis mTlianad mTels sazogadoebaze, TiTqos es ganuyofeli mTlianoba iyos. amis sapirispirod, unda vaRiaroT gadawyvetilebis mimRebi erTeulebis simravle yove-li calkeuli proeqtis sazogadoebaSi (tab. V). amitom amocana unda iyos xarjebisa da moge-bebis dacalkaveba sxvadsxva seqtorisaTvis. amisTvis gamosayenebli meTodi aris sazogadoebaze

- �� -

tabula IVmogebis gadanawileba da konservaciis xarjebi (SemoTavzebuli doqtor n. linCfildis mier)

seqtori

momxmareblebizegavlena

konservaciaze;

aRwera

zegavlena konservaciaze;

aRweraseqtori

� � � � � �

�

�

�

7

�

��

��

��

�7

nagebi memkvidreobis mflobelebi

obieqtis mflobelebi_ uaxloesi_ sazogadod

adgilobrivi xelisufleba_obieqtze_obieqtis miRma

adgilobrivi damgegmarebeli xelisufleba

konservaciis adgilobrivi saagentoebi

konservaciis centraluri xelisufleba_ sesxebi_ grantebi

centralur mTavrobaSikonservaciis xelmZRvaneloba

adilobrivi ekonomika_saqoneli_momsaxureba

erovnuli ekonomika_ sagadasaxado Semosavali_ sagadasaxado xarjebi_ importi_ fasebi_ movla

obieqtis Rirebulebebi;

obieqtis Rirebulebebi;

xarjebi

saoperacio xarjebi

kapitaluri da saoparacio xarjebi;

kapitaluri da saoparacio xarjebi;

saoperacio xarjebi

dasaqmeba

ekonomikuri keTildReoba

�

�

�

�

��

��

��

�0

obieqtis mobinadreni

obieqtis mobinadreni_ uaxloesi_ sazogadod

adgilobrivi momsaxureba;

adgilobrivigadamxdelebi;

vizitorebi da turistebi

adgilobrivi Temi_macxovrebelni_samuSao Zala

erovnuli_moqalaqeebigadasaxadebis gadamxdelebi

STamomavloba

ijaris Rirebuleba

ijaris Rirebuleba

mobinadre

sagadasaxdo ganakveTis Sefaseba

mekvidreobismieri STabeWdileba

garemokulturadasaqmeba

memkvidreobimieri prestiJigadasaxadebis Sefaseba

memkvidreobis SesaZleblobani

SeniSvna: �,�: “mflobeli” aseve moicavs maSeneblebs, damfinanseblebs da sxv �: adgilobrivi momsaxureba moicavs maRaziebs, sastumroebs, restornebsa da sxv. �: konservaciis adgilobrivi saagentoebi moicavs adgilobrib xelisuflebas, moxalise uwyebebs da sxv.

- �� -

zegavlenis analizi. am mxriv Zalian praqtikulia gansxvavebuli seqtorebis (romlebic ar aris aucilebeli TanxmobaSi iyvenen erTmaneTTan) damokidebulebis ganxilva da im gzebis dadgena, romliTac ganisazRvreba, sad aris saWiro konkretuli daxmareba konervaciis warmatebiT ganx-orcielebisaTvis da sad aris saWiro fasebis kalkulacia konservaciis mogebebis asanazRau-reblad; magram roca saWiroa yvela seqtorebis/monawileebis mxedvelobaSi erTad miReba (mag., roca sakonservacio proeqts warudgenen sazogadoebas), SesaZlebelia sazogadoebaze zegavle-nis Sefasebis gamoyeneba, romelic gamoavlens zegavlenas yvela Sesabamis seqtorze da saSuale-bas iZleva miRweul iqnas balansi efeqtiurobisa da samarTlianobis TvalsazrisiT.

�0. ekonomikuri CarCoebi saSualebas iZleva finansuri da sagadasaxado midgomis gafar-Toebisa (tabula III). winare paragrafebidan ise Cans, rom yvela konkretul obieqts SeiZleba hqondes an ar hqondes mis ganaxleba/konservaciasTan dakavSirebuli dafinanseba/subsidirebis problemebi. konkretul saxls SeiZleba hqondes kapitaluri xarjebis didi problemebi, rom-lebic, Tu Tanxebi moiZebneba, SeiZleba potenciuri mogebidan dafinansdes. sxva SemTxvevaSi, problema SeiZleba iyos ara sawyisi kapitali, aramed saoperacio xarjebi, da sxva SemTxvevaSi ki, sulac ar iyos problemebi. amgvarad, SesaZlebelia finansuri da fiskaluri RonisZiebebis gaTvalsaCinoeba da yoveli maTganiTvis im wvlilis Cveneba, rasac es RonisZieba potenciurad moitanss, raTa xeli Seuwyos ganaxleba/konservaciis process zemoT aRwerili specifikuri qmedebebisagan miRebuli pirdapiri finansuri xarjebisa da monagebis TvalsazrisiT. am mxriv imaTTTvis, vinc dakavebulia konkretuli SemTxvevebisaTvis dafinanseba/subsidirebis moTxov-nis SefasebiT, upriania amoarCios konkretuli RonisZieba konkretuli SemTxvevis Sesabamisad da, agreTve, saTanado finansuri Sefasebidan gansazRvros saWiro dafianseba/subsidirebis odenoba. es naTlad gulisxmobs dialogs dafinanseba/subsidiebis momTxovn monawileTa da maTi gamcemebs Soris. da es dialogi unda daigegmos finansuri Sefasebis sqemis garSemo.

tabula Varqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservacia:

sxvadasxva monawileebis xarjebi / monagebi (SemoTavazebulia n. liCfildis mier)

xarjebi da sargebeli

uSualod konervaciis

procesis monawileni

mTavroba, romelic gascems

subsidiebssponsorebi

adgilobrivi damgegmarebeli

xelisufleba

� � � � �

pirdapiri finansuri xarjebikapitalurisaoperacio

pirdapiri finansuri sargebeligayidvaijara

arapirdapiri xarjebi/sargebeli memkvidreobismieri /kulturis

socialuriekonomikurigaremosdaviTiprestiJi

xx

xx

xx

x

x

x

x

x

xxxx

gamoyenebuli Sefasebis meTodi FASFA

CBA CE CIA

c) konservaciisaTvis gamiznuli subsidiebis efeqtiuroba

��. mas mere, rac ganvixileT zemoT moniSnuli argumentebi subsidiebis wyarosa da ode-nobis Taobaze, aseve unda dasabuTdes, rom subsidiebi namdvilad efeqturad miaRwevs Tavis mizans, kerZod, arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebas. amisTvis SeTanxmeba unda mox-des damfinansebel uwyebasa da sargeblis mimReb monawileTa Soris, raTa Tanxebi daixarjos

- ��7 -

gegmis mixedviT. saqme mxolod imaSi ki ar aris, rom zustad vicodeT, rom fuli aramizno-brivad ar warimarTa, aramed namdvilad davrwmundeT, rom ra saxiTac is daixarja, igi emsax-ureba memkvidreobis Tvisebebis SenarCunebas da gaZlierebas ise, rogorc es SemoTavazebuli iyo subsidiebis moTxovnaSi.

B. reabilitaciis procesSi kerZo investiciebis gamoyenebis arsebuli sazRvrebi

a) investiciebis tipebi

��. zogma Zvelma Senobam SeinarCena Tavdapirveli funqcia, maSin roca sxvebi gauqmebu-lia da, SeiZleba adaptirebuli iqnes axali gamoyenebisaTvis. investirebis strategia, bune-brivia, damokidebuli iqneba konkretuli nagebobis tipze da imaze, Tu ra gziT SeiZleba misi axleburad gamoyeneba. mTavar qalaqebsa da turistul centrebSi kerZo investorebi, cxadia, gaamaxvileben yuradRebas im Senobebze, romlebic epasuxeba komerciuli saTvasebis, ofisebis, sastumros moTxovnebs. erovnuli an adgilobrivi xelisuflebis movaleoba iqneba gauadvi-los investorebs arCevani meti informaciis uzrunvelyofiT gasaaxleblad gamosadegi Zveli Senobebis Taobaze (ix. qvemoT, paragrafi �0).

Zveli uZravi qonebis did wils istoriul centrebSi warmaodgens sabinao fondi. sadac saqme exeba kerZo investiciebis Cadebas reabilitaciaSi, gasarkvevia, ramdenad esadageba sabi-nao fondis dafinansebis meqanizmebi reabilitaciis moTxovnebs. miuxedavad evropul qveynebs Soris arsebuli mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebisa, SeiZleba gamoiyos sami ZiriTadi sistema:

i Semnaxveli bankis meTodi, romliTac sabinao sesxebis Tavidan dafinanseba moklevadi-ani depozitebiT xorcieldeba;

ii ipoTekuri bankis meTodi, romliTac dafinanseba xorcieldeba saSualo an grZelvadi-ani bonebiT (obligaciebiT);

iii kontraqtoruli Semnaxveli meTodi, romelic uzrunvelyofs sesxis gacemas kontraqt-Si daTqmuli, winare danazogis dasrulebis vadis Semdeg.

naRdi fulis danazogebi, pirdapiri sesxebi da qonebis bazari aris, amgvarad, sabinao fondis dafinansebis sami ZiriTadi wyaro, romelic arsebobs evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi, ipiTekuri sesxebis gasacemad, anu, umetesad grZelvadiani sesxebisa, romelic qonebiT (aq: memkvidreobis obieqti) aris uzrunvelyofili. garda amisa, SeiZleba vaxsenoT franguli ipo-Tekuri bazari da agreTve uzrunvelyofa, gansakuTrebiT gaerTianebul samefosa da safr-angeTSi (sabanko sesxebis transformacia marketingul saaqcio kapitalad), rac warmoadgens axlaxan SemoRebul samomavlod saintereso da perspeqtiul saSualebas. bakebis garda, sxva dawesebulelebi, romlebic gascems sabinao sesxebs, moicavs sadazRvevo kompaniebs, romlebic kvlav-dafinansebas axdens sadazRvevo premiebis gziT.

ipoTekuri sesxebi, rogorc uZravi qonebis dafinansebis saSualeba, ar Semoifargleba sacxovrebliT, aramed SeiZleba sxva miznebisaTvisac iqnas gamoyenebuli. zog SemTxvevaSi maT SeiZleba daematos, an Caenacvlos kreditis sxva forma (biznes-sesxi da sxv.).

yvela sakredito saqmianoba eqvemdebareba Zalian mkacr wesebs, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes calkeuli dawesebulebebisa da mTlianad sistemis erTianoba da, mgvarad, daiculi iyos momxmareblebis interesebi. es wesebi sazRvars udebs sesxebis gacemas, gansakuTrebiT im ses-xebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofilia momxmareblis sakuTari TanxebiT. umetes qveyanaSi es sazRvrebi, albaT, ufro Seviwrovdeba momavalSi, rac Seqmnis fasebis zrdis risks.

Tumca specialuri sakredito dawesebulebani TamaSobs upirates rols uZravi qonebis sesxebis gamoyofaSi, mainc unda aRiniSnos, rom finansur sistemebs Soris barierebisa da akrZalvebis moxsnis madliT, sxva dawesebulebani (Semnaxveli bankebi, kliringuli bankebi da a.S.) sagrZnoblad zrdis Tavis saqmianobas am sferoSi. savaraudoa, rom erTiani evropuli bazris SemoRebiT es tendencia kidev ufro gamoikeveTeba.

��. Semnaxvel bankebs, sxva sakredito instituciebis msgavsad, SeuZlia daafinansos memkvi-dreobis konservacia individualurad gacemuli Cveulebrivi ipoTekuri sesxebiTac. ZiriTadi wesebi gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, da garkveuli faqtorebi (rogoricaa sesxis moculoba sabazro RirebulebasTan mimarTebiT, saprocento ganakveTebis nairgvaroba da gadaxdis vade-

- �� -

bi) SesaZloa gansxvavdebodes erTidaimave qveynis sxvadasxva organizaciebSic ki. Cveulebriv, bazari aregulirebs saprocento ganakveTs. arsebobs dazogvis sqemebi saxlebis yidvisaTvis, romlebic ufro xelsayrel pirobebs Tavazobs. Semnaxveli bankebi aseve asesxebs fuls adgi-lobriv xelisuflebas (gansakuTrebiT arqiteqturis konservaciis programebisaTvis), akeTebs subsidirebul sesxebs (ipoTekuri sesxebi individuumebisaTvis, sazogadoebrivi uwyebebidan miRebuli procentiani, subsidiebTan Sexamebuli) da dadablebuli ganakveTiT gascems sesxebs qalaqebis istoriul centrebSi nagebobaTa sareabilitacio programebisaTvis.

��. sakredito dawesebulebani xSirad kisrulobs aseve qonebis investirebis fondebis Se-qmnas. isini, rogorc investorebi, sadazRvevo organizaciebis msgavsad, gascems subsidiebs da a.S., Tumca mainc WoWmanobs raime ZvelSi investiciebis Cadebas da xSirad urCevnia axali nage-bobebi, radgan isini ufro `momgebian~ da usafrTxo Rirebulebad miaCnia. imisTvis, rom moxdes yvela am investoris waqezeba maTi polotikis Sesacvlelad Zveli Senobebis sasrgeblod, unda gadaidges nabijebi, raTa maTi dafinanseba ufro momgebiani da nakleb sarisko gaxdes.

b) reabilitaciis specifikuri riskebiT ganpirobebuli SezRudvebi

��. Tu bankebisa da finansuri organizaciebis investiciebis (yidva da gamoyeneba) Sesa-Zlebloba ganixileba, kulturuli Rirebuleba ganucalkavebeli unda iyos momgebianobisgan, romlis gaTvalsiswinebiTac Semnaxveli bankebi ASeiZleba gascems koncesiebs sakuTari ZaliT maTi specifikuri bunebis Sesabamisad, magram imgvar sazRvrebSi, rom saRi marTvis kriteriumi ar iyos ugulvelyofili. sakredito organizaciebi afuZnebs sesxebis gacemis saqmianobas riskebis winaswar Sefasebaze. zog qveyanaSi, maTi mxridan reabilitaciisadmi interesis nak-leboba aixsneba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli riskebiT. yovelTvis rodia naTeli, Tu ra donemde gazrdis obieqtis Rirebulebas restavraciaSi Cadebuli investicia. garda amisa, SeiZleba ise moxdes, rom granti, romlis imedic hqonda kerZo mflobels, aRar gaica imitom, rom, mag., man gadaaWarba daTqmul vadas. aman SeiZleba Seuqmnas msesxebels finansuri problemebi da msesxebeli organizacia arasando movales anabara aRmoCndes.

��. ipoTekuri sesxis sazogadoebriv subsidiasTan dawyvilebis SesaZlebloba did zemoq-medebas axdens riskis Sefasebaze, romelsac akeTebs msesxebeli organizaciebi sesxis gacemis win. ufro zogadad, Tu riskebi (sadac isini arsebobs) ganeitralebuli an Semcirebuli maincaa, msesxebeli organizaciebi SeiZleba meti enTuziazmiT moekidos arqiteqturis konservacias. riskis gauvnebelyofis erTi gza SesaZloa saxelmwifoebrivi garantia iyos, rac, faqtiurad, iqneba im mniSvnelobis dadastureba, rasac xelisufleba, gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivi, unda aniWebdes konservacias.

c) SezRudvebi, romlebic mimarTulia axalmSeneblobebisaTvis ufro xelsayreli Se-RavaTebis gacemis praqtikis sapirispirod.

�7. sabinao sesxebis politika yvela qveyanaSi meryeobs ekonomikur mosazrebebsa da so-cialur motivebs Soris, rac ukanasknel dromde ar iZleoda saSualebas arqiteqturuli konservaciis im socialur-ekonomikuri sargeblebis gamovlenisa, romlebic moyvanili iyo am moxsenebis dasawyisSi. SeRavaTebi Seiqmna axalmSeneblobebisaTvis, upiratesad sesxis piro-bebis, dabrunebis vadebis da gadasaxadebis daqviTvis sazRvrebis gafarToebis gziT. ase rom, bolos da bolos, swored xelisuflebam unda Secvalos TamaSis wesebi da Seqmnas CarCoebi, ufro Sesaferisi sareabilitacio bazris moqmedebisaTvis. miznad Segnebulad unda iyos miRE-buli am ori seqtoris Tanabar pirobebSi moqceva da tendenciis Sebruneba im qveynebSi, sadac kerZo investicia jerac upiratesad axalmSeneblobebisakenaa mimarTuli.

�� wels ekonomikuri kooperaciisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis mier Catarebul gamokv-levaSi `sagadasaxado politika da binaTmSeneblobis bazari urbanul arealebSi~,�0 OECD-s wevr qveynebSi binaTmSeneblobasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad fiskalur RonisZiebebs Soris, aRniSnulia `saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan ganTavisufleba an preferentuli sagadasaxado Se-RavaTebis SeTavazeba dabali da saSualo kategoriis sacxovreblis mSenebeli kompaniebisaT-vis iseve, rogorc ganakveTis Semcireba arapirdapiri gadasaxadebisaTvis (mag., dRg), zrdis axali sacxovreblis gayidvis SesaZleblobas~.

10 “sagadasaxado politika da binaTmSeneblobis bazari urbanul arealebSi~, ekonomikuri kooperaciisa da ganviTarebis organizacia, _ Uurbanuli saqmeebis programa _ parizi, ��

- �� -

igive gamokvlevam, TumcRa ismiuTiTebs sagulisxmo gansxvavebaze sxvadasxva qveyanas Soris, SeniSna tendencia movla-patronobis samuSaoTa da arsebuli sacxovrebeli fondis gaumjobesebis mxardaWerisa, rac gamoixata iseT RonisZiebebSi, rogoricaa gadasaxadebis Sem-cireba didmasStabiani sarestavracio samuSaoebisaTvis, energiis moxmarebisa da ganaxlebis samuSaoebis xarjze ekonomiis gziT. Tumca es RonisZiebebi zogadad mimarTulia arsebuli sacxovrebeli fondze mTlianobaSi, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gareSe memkvidreobis Rire-bulebismieri mqone elementebze.

- ��0 -

II nawilidafinansebis stimulirebis RonisZiebebi

I. Zveli Senobebis SenarCunebisa da maTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT saxelmwifoebrivi wamaxalisebeli faqtorebis gaZliereba

��. orive SemTxvevaSi _ rogorc dacvis statusis mqone Senobebis SemTxvevaSi, romelTa gam-oyeneba, savaraudod, moitans pirdapir an arapidapir mogebas, ise dacvis arqmone SenobebisaTvis, romlebic gamosadegia an pirdapiri ekonomikuri gamoyenebisaTvis, an sacxovreblad, _ saWiroa kerZo pirebis (seqtoris) fondebis ufro efeqtiuri mirmarTva restavraciis sferoSi. mTavro-bebs am amocanis Sesruleba ori gziT SeuZliaT. pirveli iTvaliswinebs wamaxalisebel politi-kas da zomebs, romlebic ubiZgebs kerZo seqtors arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis restavraciaSi Tanxis dabandebisken (dinamikuri midgoma); meore ki iqidan amodis, rom samTavrobo mxardaWeris gareSe, kerZo seqtori gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ekonomikur gaTvlebze dayrdnobiT inves-ticias aramomgebianad CaTvlis, rac, Tavis mxriv, adasturebs wamaxalisebeli faqtorebisa da subsidiebis saWiroebas (mxardaWeris midgoma). meore kategoriiT gaTvaliswinebulma RonisZie-bebma SeiZleba imoqmedos finansuri regulirebis sxvadasxva saxiT (sesxebi, anabrebi, dabegvra) da aseve komerciis, kompaniebisa da asociaciebis Sesaxeb kanonebiT.

��. rogorc naCvenebi iyo, memkvidreobis konservacia moicavs rogorc kulturul, ise ekonomikur Rirebulebebs, romelTagan TiToeuli mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli. Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi naklebi sirTuleebi SeimCneva, ramdenadac, Cveulebriv, saWiro Tanxebs Tavad konservaciis dargis xelmZRvanelebi gascemen da, Sesabamisad, restavraciisas iTvaliswine-ben kulturul faseulobebs. magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu restavracias kerZo seqtori axor-cielebs, romlis umTavresi amocanaa minimaluri mogeba mainc miiRos, garduvalad iqmneba safrTxe, rom amas kulturuli Rirebuleba Seewireba, an Semcirdeba misTvis saWiro Tanxebi, an gaZlierdeba komerciuli Rirebulebani. amdenad, saWiroa garkveuli principebis SemuSaveba, romlebic moxsenebis am nawilSi warmodgenili ori mTavari kategoriis Sesabamisad SeiZleba gaiyos: proeqtebis dasawyebad xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna (A) da finansuri SeRavaTebi (B).

A kategoriis SemTxvevaSi marTvis saSualebebi, romlebic kulturul faseulobaTa dacvasa da maTi pirobebis gaumjobesebas iTvaliswinebs, am amocanis Sesasruleblad SemuSavebuli siste-mis ganuyofel nawilad unda iqces. B kategoriis SemTxvevaSi, sadac finansuri wamaxaliseblebis arsebobaa gaTvaliswinebuli, dacvisa da gaumjobesebis meqanizmi ufro unda dakonkretdes. es uzrunvelyofs ara mxolod Tanxebis sworad aTvisebas, aramed memkvidreobis maxasiaTeblebis SenarCunebasa da gaumjobesebas yvela saxis finansuri daxmarebis moTxovnis Sesabamisad.

sazogadod, samoqmedo principebi SeiZleba yvela situaciisTvis SemuSavdes. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveulebriv kulturuli da ekonomikuri Rirebulebebi ar aris aucileblad da-pirispirebuli, am problemam SeiZleba iCinos Tavi zogierT konkretul SemTxvevaSi, qalaqebSi finansuri an kulturuli mogebis odenobis gamo, romelic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mogebis Sem-TxvevaSi. aseT viTarebaSi saWiroa Suamavloba da molaparakeba, raTa SeTanxmeba iqnes miR-weuli konservaciis/gegmarebis dargis xelmZRvanelebsa da imaT Soris, vinc mogebas miiRebda bazarze gasvliT, raTa darwmunebuli iyos, rom saxelmwifo mxardaWera aRwevs mTeli am saqmi-anobis Tavdapirvel mizans: arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservacias.

A. proeqtebis dasawyebad xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna

�0. saxelmwifo seqtoris mier restavraciis dawyebis xelSemSleli pirobebi gamomdinareobs an Sesabamisi administraciuli struquturebis naklebobidan an maTi zedmetad rTuli sistemidan.

a) Senobebis gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi saSualebebi

saWiroa cnobierebis amaRlebis politikis SemuSaveba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba me-naSeneebis waxalisebaze, raTa maT daabandon Tanxa konservaciasa da reabilitaciaSi. amgvari strategia potenciur investorebs unda miuTiTebdes maTi investiciis SesaZlo mogebaze, rac arsebuli resursebis gamoyenebasa da danaklisebis Tavidan acilebis saSualebas iZl-eva. gaerTianebul samefoSi, magaliTad, adgilobriv xelisuflebas, romelic pasuxismgebelia urbanul ganviTarebaze, mouwodes SeeqmnaT maT teritoriaze mdebare istoriul SenobaTa

- �� -

sia, romelSic miTiTebuli iqneboda, romeli maTgani aris riskis qveS (maTi mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis formebis winaswaruli Seswavlis Semdeg). am faqtorebis Sefasebis Sedegad (�-dan �-mde Skalaze), SesaZlebelia samoqmedo prioritetebis gamoyofa da saWiro finansuri resursebis gansazRvra. am saxis reestris SemoReba daexmareba maT, vinc samSeneblo saqmiano-biT aris dainteresebuli, da yuradRebas saWiroebaTa Sesabamisad miapyrobinebs (ix. VI cxrili `inglisis memkvidreoba: riskis xarisxis Skala~).

b) gegmarebisa da urbanuli ganviTarebis politikis mxardaWera

Sesabamisi centraluri, regionaluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier unda SemuSavdes dagegmvisa da urbanuli ganviTarebis politika, rac nayofier niadags Seqnis reabilitaciis da-sawyebad. saqmianobis specifikuri sferoebi Sesabamis iuridiul da finansur sistemasTan erTad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gaimijnos. qalaqgegmarebisa da konservaciis samoqmedo principebi saWiroebisamebr unda SeizRudos da sakmaod moqnili interpretaciis saSualebasac unda iZleodes, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos dagegmili RonisZiebebis dabalanseba da finansuri mdgradoba.

c) savele operatorebis gamoyeneba administraciuli barierebis gadasalaxavad

restavraciis dawyebis xelSemSleli pirobebis erTi rigis mizezi an Sesabamisi adminis-traciuli struquturebis ararseboba an maTi metismetad rTuli sistemaa. kanonmdeblobis moculoba da samTavrobo departamentebis raodenoba, Sesabamisi procedurebis da finans-uri operaciebis sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, reabilitaciis proqtis dawyebas xSirad Zalin safrTxilo saqmed aqcevs. administraciuli procedurebi unda gadaisinjos da gamartivdes. iuridiuli da finansuri sistemis sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, nebismieri saxis proeqti saWiroebs savele operatorebisa da organizatorebis daniSvnas, romlebic zogadad pro-gramasa da administraciuli Tu finansuri sirTuleebis daZlevaze iqnebian pasuxismgebelni. organizaciebi, romlebSic sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivi (saxelmwifo) da kerZo seqtoris part-niorebi gaerTiandebian, uzrunvelyofs saqmianobis imgvarad warmarTvas, rom obieqtis arq-iteqturuli da kulturuli maxasiaTeblebi saTanadod iqneba angariSgaweuli da Sesabamiso-baSi iqneba programis im moTxovnebTan, romlebic balanssa da momgebianobas iTvalisiwnebs. amgvari operatorebi proeqtis uwyvet dinamikurobas unda uzrunvelyofdnen.

tabula VIEnglish Heritage: riskis donis gasazomi Skala

mdgomareoba binadroba (dakavebuloba)* riskis kategoria

1. Zalian cudimosalodnelia Senobis ngrevamag., gadaxurva ZiriTadad nakluliasaxuravis konstruqcia dazianebulia

1. carieli2. nawilobriv dakavebuli

3. dakavebulia (dasaxlebulia)

1. ukiduresi riski2. seriozuli riski

3 riskis qveS

riskis qveS myofi Senoba

4.

2. cudidazianebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios Senobis ngrevamag., garkeveul nawilebSi aklia fiqalebi, magram gadaxurvis konstruqcia jer kidev saRia


3. dakavebulia (dasaxlebulia)3 damakmayofilebelikonstruqciulad saRia, magram mouvleli; mag., gacveTili sarkmlis CarCoebi, wylisgadamyvani milebi gaWedilia, aris sinestis niSnebi


3. dakavebuli

nagebobas sWirdeba dakvirveba

5.4. kargiSenoba saRia da kargad movlili

1. carielia2. dakavebulia nawilobriv3. dakavebulia

6. nagebobei ar aris riskis qveS uyuradRebobis gamo

• nagebobebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos dasaxlebuli, mag. samanis qvebi, qandakebebi, unda aRiniSnos “0”-T. maTi riskis kategoria izomeba mxolod maTi mdgomareobiT.

- �� -

d) saijaro politika

saijaro politikas aseve didi mniSvneloba aqvs Zveli Senobebis movla-patronobisTvisac. ijaris Tanxis gaumarTleblad dabali zeda zRvari (romelic arsebobda da jerac arsebobs zogierT qveyanaSi) kerZo investorebs abrkolebs am bazarze gasvliT riskis gawevisagan. ar-qiteqturuli konservaciis mizans Tan unda axldes didi mcdeloba Seiqmnas kavSiri da Tana-fardoba am dargSi arsebuli xelisuflebis, rogorc damkveTis, investiciebis, kulturuli memkvidreobisTvis gamoyofili sabiujeto saxsrebisa da Zveli Senobebis aRsadgenad gamoyo-fili sesxebis gacemis politikasa da konservaciis politikas Soris.

e) proeqtis gaumjobesebuli marTva

savele samuSaoebis warmoebisas aucilebelia konsultaciebi sxvadasxva monawile mxaree-bs Soris, romelic dafuZnebuli iqneba, yvela calkeuli proeqtisaTvis SemuSavebuli finans-uri Sefasebis proceduraze. rogorc oficilauri, aseve kerZo da erToblivi sarestavracio proeqtebi Tanabrad iTxovs uaxles administraciul da adgilis marTvis meTodebs, rac bevr qveyanaSi jer kidev SesamuSavebelia. rekomendaciaSi R (��) � evropos sabWos wevri qveynebi-sadmi arqiteqturul memkvidreobis konservaciaSi CarTuli xelosnobis dargebis mxardaWeris Taobaze, naTqvamia: `yvela sarestavracio programa unda efuZnebodes nagebobis detalur kvlevas da winaswar Seswavlas. kvleva, romelic unda gaxdes Sedegi restavratoris, arqeolo-gis, arqiteqtoris TanamSromlobisa, unda ganxorcieldes movlisa da restavraciis progr-amebis SemuSavdebamde. mWidro TanamSromloba nagebobis mflobelsa da arqiteqtors Soris unda daefuZnos zust dagegmvas, xarjTaRicxvasa da vizualur masalas, SesaZleblobis SemTx-vevaSi modelebisa da nimuSebis moSveliebiT~.

b. finansuri stimulirebis faqtorebi

��. finansuri stimulirebis faqtorebi sam kategoriad SeiZleba daiyos: subsidiebi, Cveulebrivi sesxebi da dabegvra. samive qvemoT aris ganxiluli.

kerZo seqtoris daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT, am saxis wamaxalisebeli faqtorebi arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis yvela calkeuli kategoriisaTvis erTnairad mimzidveli ar iqneba, ramdenadac bevri ramaa damokidebuli Tavad obieqtis saxeobasa da mis mdebareobaze (ix. I cxrili), aseve imaze, Tu ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli misi finansuri TvalsazrisiT momge-I cxrili), aseve imaze, Tu ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli misi finansuri TvalsazrisiT momge-bianad gamoyeneba.

xelsayreli wamaxalisebeli faqtori SeirCeva gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da restavraci-isaTvis saWiro ekonomikuri gaTvlis safuZvelze, raSic procesSi CarTulma yvela mxarem unda miiRos monawileoba.

a) subsidireba

��. subsidiis erT-erTi saxeoba SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes Senobis arqiteqturul Rirebulebas. mag., luqsemburgis wesebiT (�� w. � Tebervali) mesakuTrem an mobinadrem SeiZleba miiRos granti `�� wlamde aSenebuli im saxis Senobis sarestavraciod, romelsac SenarCunebuli aqvs tipiuri da istoriuli maxasiaTeblebi, im pirobiT, Tu samuSao Tavdapirveli garegnobis SenarCunebasa da restavracias iTvalisiwnebs~. am saxis arqiteqturis SemTxvevaSi, inglisis memkvidrebis programa moicavs, magaliTad, gaerTianebuli samefos sakonservacio arealebSi mdebare Senobebs da efuZneba mTliani arealebis dafinansebis princips. SeirCeva mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi arealebi, raTa Senobebis SekeTebiTi samuSaoebis subsidirebam xeli Seuwyos adgilobriviekonomikuri saqmianobas ganviTarebas, vidre bazari ar daiwyebs xarjebis dafarvas, ris Semdeg grantebi Sewydeba. amiT daifareba danaxarjebis ��%, romelic SeiZleba ufro maRalic iyos, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgilobrivi xelisufleba damatebiT saxsrebs gaiRebs.

��%-iani ganakveTi SemTxveviTi ar aris. magaliTad, luqsemburgSi, Tu kerZo piri restavraciisTvis gaiRebs �00 000 LFR-s, saxelmwifo gascems �� 000 LFR-s. es Tanxa saxelmwifos ubrundeba sxvadasxva gadasaxadis saxiT (saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, dRg da a.S.): sul sagadasaxado ganakveTi ��.�%-s aRwevs, ase rom, igive piri ixdis ��.�000 LFR-s. faqtiurad, es saqmianoba saxelmwifos araferi ujdeba.

samarTlianobis principidan gamomdinare da resursebis sworad aTvisebis mizniT zogi-erTi Tvlis, rom am saxis subsidia unda sxvaobdes beneficiaris Semosavlis mixedviT.

- �� -

��. Zveli SenobebisTvis gankuTvnili pirdapiri Tu arapiradpiri subsidiebi sacxovre-blebis daxmarebis saxiTac aris SesaZlebeli, rac an sacxovreblis tipiT an misi mosaxleebis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba. magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT sabinao uzrunve-lyofis saxelmwifo grantebi, romlebic dabali saijaro fasis binebis pirobebis gaumjobe-sebas iTvaliswinebs, aseve SeRavaTiani sesxebi saxlebis mesakuTreTaTvis, mesakuTre-mobinad-reebis an damqiraveblis dasaxmareblad sabinao pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad, an kvlav Zalian dabali saprocento ganakveTis sesxebi, gacemuli samuSaos damkveTis mier.

b) dabegvris gavlena reabilitaciaze

��. sagadasaxado wesebma SeiZleba daabrkolos investorebi, mflobelebi da a.S. im gadawyvetilebis miRebisgan, romlic sxva SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba momgebiani yofiliyo sainvesticio gadawyvetilebis miRebaze fiskaluri reJimis zegavlenis Sesafaseblad. saxelmwifo sagadasaxado dargis xelmZRvanelma organoebma unda gamoikvlion axali Senobebi sargeblobs meti fiskaluri SeRavaTebiT Tu Zveli, anda Tu arsebobs fiskaluri neitraliteti. fiskaluri neitraliteti erT-erT mTavar winapirobad unda iqnes miCneuli, raTa waxalisdes investireba, romelic moitans gadasaxadebamdel momgebianobas.

sagadasaxado wesebiT deformirebuli investiciebi ar aris sasargeblo saxelmwifo ekonomikuri resursebis efeqturi marTvisa da ekonomikuri zrdisaTvis. am gagebiT ekonomikuri marTva momgebianobis tolfasi cnebaa, ise rogorc es komerciuli sabuRaltro aRricxviT ganixileba. fiskaluri neitraliteti iTvaliswinebs Zveli SenobebisTvis investiciebis uzrunvelyofas, rasac, Tavis mxriv, socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba aqvs da, sabolood, dasabegri mogebis zrdas iwvevs.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sagadasaxado sistema yvela qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia, saWiroa msjelobis ganzogadeba. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba daisvas SerCevisa da prioritetebis sakiTxi specialur fiskalur RonisZiebebTan kavSirSi.

ramdenadac sagadasaxado reformis zogadi tendencia euTo-s qveynebSi sagadasaxado bazis gafarToebis sapirispirod sagadasaxado tarifebis dawevisa da sagadasaxado kreditebis gauqmebisken aris mimarTuli, dabegvra momavalSi SeiZleba ufro komerciuli sabuRaltro aRricxvis principebze dafuZnebiT warimarTos. es, Tavis mxriv, gazrdis fiskaluri politikis efeqtiurobas ekonomikuri resursebis marTvis TvalsazrisiT.

c) sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi

��. mesinas kolokviumze�� yuradReba gamaxvilda arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis obieqtebis gansakuTrebul bunebasa (kerZo da saxelmwifo interesebi) da im faqtze, rom es gansakuTrebuli maxasiaTebeli sruliad amarTlebs specialuri sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis arsebobas arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis sferoSi, rac, sxva aspeqtebTan erTad, imasac gulisxmobs, rom am dargis gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisufleba avsebs saxelmwifo xazinas da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar aRaribebs mas. marTalia, Tu zedapirulad vimsjelebT, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom gadasaxadebisagan ganTavisufleba da SeRavaTebis daweseba saxelmwifo Semosavlis klebas niSnavs, magram aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom isini xels uwyobs kerZo pirebis mier kulturis dargSi meti resursebis investirebas, rac, sxva SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos gasakeTebeli iqneboda. bunebrivia, es damokidebuleba nakleb TvalSisacemia im qveynebSi, sadac konservacia sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis pasuxismgeblobaa da ara saxelmwifosi.

yvelaferi es imaze miuTiTebs, rom gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisuflebis politika arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gamarTlebulia, ganurCevlad imisa, Senobebi daculia kanoniT Tu ar aris, magram aqvs istoriuli, socialuri an kulturuli mniSvneloba.

upirveles yovlisa, sagadasaxado RonisZiebebi, romlebic konservaciis momgebianad warmarTvazea orientirebuli, sacxovrebeli SenobebiT ar unda Semoifarglos. ar unda gamoiricxos is Senobebic, romlebsac aqvs komerciuli funqcia an romlebSic firmebia ganTavsebuli an romlebic saqvelmoqmedo socialur-kulturuli miznebisTvis gamoiyeneba.

sabinao uzrunvelyofis dabegvris dargSi meti gamWvirvalobaa saWiro. magaliTad, saijaro Semosavlis Sefaseba praqtikul, politikur da ekonomikur sakiTxebsac wamoWris. sabinao uzrunvelyofis dargSi kerZo investiciebis fiskaluri momgebianoba saTanadod ar aris Sefasebuli. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis politika amas unda iTvaliswinebdes da,

11 angariSi da gamokvleva # ��. arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis seriebi, evropis sabWo, strasburgi, ��.

- �� -

amavdroulad, sadac saWiroa, sistemis gadafasebas unda ganixilavdes, roca es arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dacvas exeba. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis Tu dabegvrisgan ganTavisuflebis sqema efeqtiuria maSin, Tu gadamxdeli an Tavad sistema sabolood sakmaris Semosavals iTvaliswinebs da aanazRaurebs gadasaxadebis SemcirebiT miRebul saSemosavlo danakliss. metic, SeRavaTebi TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom danaxarji gaweulia, maSin roca saarendo Semosavlis dabegvris Sefasebis bazis Secvla yvela mesakuTreze axdens gavlenas. es SedarebiT arapirdapiri gzaa, magram administraciuli TvalsazrisiT nakleb xarjiania da iTvalisiwnebs resursebis gadaqaCvas istoriuli Senobebis mesakuTreTaTvis.

da mainc, saxlebis reabilitaciis dargSi, sajaro xelisuflebam Tavidan unda aicilos ori Secdoma:

- sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis politikis neitralizacia savaldebulo gadasaxadebis we-sebiT, romlebic imave qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba, romelic xels uwyobs samSeneblo nakve-Tis Sesyidvas da axal mSeneblobebs da, magaliTad, uSvebs Sesyidvisa Tu samSeneblo xarjebis droSi gaWimvas;

- arasakmarisi arCeviToba sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis miniWebaSi, rac zedmeti inves-ticiebis dabandebis sababi xdeba Tavisufal sabazro zonebSi, romelic am saxis daxmarebas ver uzrunvelyofs (magaliTad, did qalaqebSi, sadac qonebiT spekulacia aris gavrcelebuli). piriqiT, sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi unda SenarCundes manam, sanam investiciebi Zalian mcire da aramomgebiania.

��. yovelma saxelmwifom sagadasaxado RonisZiebebi qveyanaSi arsebuli pirobebis Ses-abamisad unda ganaxorcielos, da isini ganxiluli Senobebis kategoriebis mixedviTac unda gansxvavdebodes. gTavazobT konkretuli fiskaluri strategiebis Sesabamis sam kategorias:

i. mcire mogebis potenciis mqone Senoba, romelic ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebiT gamoiyenebaTu am saxis Senobebi kerZo pirebs ekuTvnis, sasurvelia mniSvnelovnad SeRavaTiani saga-

dasaxado sistema, ramdenadac maTi movla-patronoba mesakuTres tvirTad awveba da Znelia maTi pirdapir Tu irib mogebis wyarod gadaqceva (mag., istoriuli saxlebi an cixe-darbazebi, izolirebuli Senobebi, romelTa komerciuli mizniT gamoyeneba Tu aRdgena sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli).

SemoTavazebuli zomebi:gadasaxadebisagan sruli ganTavisufleba an mniSvnelovani SeRavaTebi: memkvidreobis ga-dasaxadze, qonebis gadasaxadze, adgilobriv gadasaxadebze; investiciis ganTavisfleba saSemosavlo gadasadisagan; Catarebuli samuSaos dRg-sgan gaTavisufleba; subsidire-buli sesxebi; SeRavaTiani programa Semowirulobebisa da sponsorobisaTvis.

ii. mogebis garkveuli potenciis mqone obieqtebi, romelnic ZiriTadad kulturuli miznebiT gamoiyeneba

am saxis Senobebis konservacia SeiZleba wamgebiani ar iyos, ramdenadac zogjer maTi momgebianad gamoyenebac SeiZleba (mag., didi istoriuli saxlebi, romlebic Riaa sazogadoe-bisaTvis).

SemoTavazebuli RonisZiebebi:SeRavaTiani sesxebis programebi, romlebic SesaZlebels xdis gamoyenebisa da movlisaT-vis saWiro investicibs. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, SesaZloa droebiTi, Tu kulturuli mniSvnelobis mqone Senoba Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis (memkvidreobis gadasaxadi, qonebis gadasaxadi, adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi, saSemosavlo gadasaxadisagan investiciebis gamo-qviTva, Catarebuli samuSaos dRg-sgan gaTavisufleba); meurveTa da sponsorTa mier Seno-baTa meurveobaSi ayvanis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi.

iii. kulturuli da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone obieqtebi, romlebsac ZiriTadad ekonomikuri funqcia aqvT

am saxis Senobebis aRdgena SeiZleba ekonomikurad momgebian saqmianobad iqces. Tumca, xSirad es axali funqciebiT datvirTvas iTvalisiwinebs. maTi konservaica da restavracia SeiZleba seriozul xarjebTan iyos dakavSirebuli. momgebianoba didad damokidebulia adg-ilmdebareobaze.

- �� -

amgvari Senobebi SeiZleba warmoadgendes urbanul Tu araurbanul garemoSi mdebare arq-iteqturul kompleqsebs an calke mdgar Senobebs. sxvadasxva saxis kanonebi (urbanuli dageg-mva, memkvidreobis dacva, sagadasaxado sistema) erToblivad unda moqmedebdes, raTa xeli Seuwyos sarebilitacio da gaumjobesebis saqmianobis dawyebas. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis ro-lia kerZo iniciativebis mxardaWera da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi ararsebobiT gamowveuli vakuumis Sevseba.

SemoTavazebuli RonisZiebebi:

kompleqsebi an qalaqis ubnebi:

- komerciuli funqciis Senoba:subsudirebuli sesxebi restavraciisaTvis;droebiTi ganTavisufleba adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisagan;mSeneblisa da myidvelis investiciebis saSemosavlo gadasaxadebisagan ganTavisufleba (mag., sagadasaxado RonisZiebebi, dakavSirebuli `Loi Malraux”-s gamoyenebasTan dacul teritoriebze safrangeTSi, rac iZleva saSualebas dasabegri Semosavlidan danakargebis Tavidan acilebis SenobaTa mflobelebisTvis, erToblivi sarestavracio programis far-glebSi Catarebuli samuSaoebis Sedegad).

- ara-komerciuli gamoyenebis obieqtebi (patara qalaqebi, gaCanagebuli ubnebi):sesxebi sarestavracio Sesyidvaze;droebiTi gaTavisufleba adgilobirivi gadasaxadebisagan;saSemosavlo da kapitaluri mogebis gadasaxadebis Semcireba;dRg: Sesrulebul sarestavracio samuSaoze dRg-s Semcireba;investiciis gamoqviTva saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gamoTvlisas �%-iani begara zogadad urbanul gaumjobesebasa da sagangebodsarestavracio programebze

_ calkeuli Senobebisesxebi restavraciisaTvis da droebiTi ganTavisufleba adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisagan;mSeneblis/restavratoris da myidvelisTvis investiciaze saSemosavlo gadasaxadebis Semcireba;samuSaoebis dRg-sgan ganTavisfleba;sponsoroba - fondebi - �% kulturuli begara; Sesyidvebi firmebis mier, romlTa investiciebi gamoiqviTeba saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan.

C. iuridiuli pirobebi

a. saqmianobis dasawyebad saxelmwifo garantiebis saWiroeba

�7. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, kerZo investiciebis momravlebas xels uSlis reabilitaciis Tanamdevi riskis sapasuxo garantiebis nakleboba. pirveli saxis garantia aris fasiani qaRal-debi, romelic aucilebeli pirobaa uZravi qonebis dagiravebiT sesxis miRebisas.

yvela damgiravebel banks aqvs sesxis limiti, romelic Cveulebriv giraod miCneuli qonebis sabazro Rirebulebis �0-�0%-s Seadgens. fass awesebs msesxebeli im wesebis safuZ-velze, romelnic yvela qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia, romlis drosac gamoiyeneba ori faqtoris kombinacia: qonebis realuri Rirebuleba (uZravi qonebis mudmivi maxasiaTeblebi) da misi sawarmoo Rirebuleba. kanonmdeblobiT aseve gansazRvrulia, rom uZravi qonebis sakredito institutebma giraos garda damatebiTi garantiebi unda iTxovos, Tu sesxebi bonebis dazRve-vas iTvalisiwnebs.

sadazRvevo SeTanxmebis gamoyeneba, romelic zogjer daTqmulia sesxis gacemisaTvis, fa-siani qaRaldebiT sxva uzrunvelyofis miuxedavadac ki, garkveul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba miC-neul iqnas erTaderT garantiad.

��. aucilebelia saxelmwifo Tu kerZo garantiebis saxiT garkveuli saSualebebis SeTava-zeba, ris Sedegadac xarjebi SeiZleba mTlianad dafinansdes sakamod erTgvarovani pirobebze. dafinansebuli operaciebi unda iTvalisiwnebdes SesaZlo dadasturebul cvlilebebs Senobis funqciasTan dakavSirebiT (biznesi, sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi datvirTva). amitom, sa-survelia saxelmwifo organoebma zogierT qveyanaSi Secvalon TavianTi kanonmdebloba. mag.,

- �� -

niderlandebSi adgilobrivi xelisufleba uzrunvbelyofs saxelmwifo garantias giraos ses-xze, romliTac samuSoas arasubsidirebuli nawili unda dafinansdes.

��. zogierTi italiuri Semnaxveli banki momxmarebels Tavazobs `martivi kontraqtis~ sesxebs, romlebic ar aris uzrunvelyofili giraoTi, ufro mcire Tanxebzea da gamiznulia istoriul centrebSi mdebare Senobis mepatroneTa daxmarebisTvis. Tumca es namdvilad kerZo magaliTia, misi gamoyeneba ki SezRuduli, sxva sakredito dawesebulebebisaTvis upriani iqne-boda am magaliiTis mibaZva, rac mniSvnelovnad gaaadvilebda memkvidreobis movla-patrono-basa da restavracias.

arsebobs kidev sxva saSualebebi, romlebsac gvTvazobs sekuritizacia anu sabanko sesxebis gasayid fasian qaRaldebad transformireba. am meTodma, romelic cota xnis win SemoiRes evro-paSi, SeiZleba Seamciros is daZabuloba da sirTuleebi, romlebsac ganicdis sakredito dawe-sebulebebi (saxeldobr, gadaxdisunarianobis koeficienti). es meTodi gaaadvilebs ara marto Rirebulebis da produqtiulobis Sefasebas dafinansebis yvela etapze, aramed man SeiZleba gazardos finansuri baza da, Sesabamisad, gacemuli kreditis moculoba. fiqroben, rom aman or-ganizacia-investorebs SeiZleba Seuqmnas axali investiciebisa da msesxebelTaTvis ufro sain-tereso sesxebis SesaZlebloba. am SemTxvevaSic, Zalze sayuradReboa sagadasaxado aspeqti.

�0. uZrav qonebaze kreditebisa da mTavrobis mier SeRavaTebis dawesebis garda, ad-gilobrivi xelisuflebis memkvidreobis programebSi monawileoba da mis mier politikuri valdebulebis aReba aseve mniSvnelovani garantiaa. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis monawileoba erTobliv struquturebSi sxva mxareebTan erTad am valdebulebis gamoxatuleba iqneba.

b. programis marTvis saTanado struqturebis gamoyeneba

magaliTebi:

i. mbrunavi fondebi

��. evropis sabWos mier adre Catarebulma samuSaom yuradReba gaamaxvila eqsperiment-ebze evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi, romlebsac finansuri resursebis mozidvisa da gamoyenebis SedarebiT ufro moqnili originaluri struqturebi aqvT. am struqturebis amoqmedeba gu-lisxmobda garkveul mxardaWeras da, bevr SemTxvevaSi, adaptacias kanonebis mTeli wyebisa (sagadasaxado da samoqalaqo kanonebi, reglamenti asociaciebis Sesaxeb, kanoni komerciis Sesaxeb, qalaqgegmarebisa da mSeneblobis Sesaxeb debulebebi, debuleba istoriul Senobebze da a.S.). `mbrunavi fondebi~ niderlandebSi da gaerTianebul samefoSi imis naTeli magaliTia, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi, reabilitaciis programis dawyeba komerciuli mosazrebebisgan da-moukideblad, saxelmwifo mxaerdaWeris gziTac aris SesaZlebeli.

��. `mbrunavi fondebi~, rogorc isini moqmedebs niderlandebis erovnuli sarestavracio fondis konteqstSi, xels uwyobs saxelmwifo resursebisa da sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis mx-ardaWeris pirobebSi kerZo fondebis gamoyenebas. ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi:ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi:

- fonds (fund) aqvs fondis (foundation) iuridiuli statusi. igi Seqmnilia niderland-ebis saministros mier, romelic memkvidreobazea pasuxismgebeli, xolo marTavs mas holandiuri municipalitetebis samSeneblo fondi (Building Fund for Dutch Municipali-ties).

- mTavrobasTan xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad - am SemTxvevaSi, Zeglebis da istoriu-li ngebobebis konservaciis samTavrobo samsaxurTan, - sarestavracio subsidiebis gadaxda mTlianad fonds evaleba. sxva sityvebiT, moxda mTavrobis movaleobis priva-tizeba. finansur daxmarebas igi Tavazobs aseve municipalitetebsa da provinciebs, ris Sedegadac Zeglis mesakuTres, romlis qoneba sxvadasxva organizaciebis subsi-diebiT unda aRdges, saSualeba uCndeba miiRos subsidiebi erTi dawesebulebidan.

SemuSavebuli dafinansebis sistema awarmoebs fuls restavratorisaTvis gamiznuli Tanx-is nawilis (Tu es ukanaskneli eqvemdebareba sagadasaxado SeRavaTs) dabalprocentiani ses-xis SecvliT. subsidiis sesxiT Secvla mniSvnelovnad zrdis restavraciis fiskalur Tanxas. sxva sityvebiT, sagadasaxado SeRavaTebisa da xelsayreli ipoTekuri pirobebis wyalobiT, restavratori arafers kargavs. metic, am sesxebis procentiTa da maTi dabrunebiT miRebuli Tanxa axal resursebs qmnis - e.w. `mbrunav fondebs~. Sesabamisad, fondi farTovdeba da per-

- ��7 -

speqtivaSi meti Tanxa Cndeba sarestavraciod (saxelmwifo subsidiis naxevari - mTeli samuS-aos daaxloebiT �0%, _ momdinareobs �%-iani sesxidan).

- investicia (minus subsidia) daqviTvas eqvemdebareba, rodesac saqme movla-patrono-bis xarjebs exeba.

- giraos (ipiTekuri sesxi), romelic sarestavracio xarjebis arasubsidirebul nawils faravs, axlavs dabali procenti, romelic drois xangZliv monakveTSi ifareba (mini-mum �0 weli) da garantirebulia adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier.

- dazRveva zaralze, romelsac sagarantio fondi gascems da romelic finansdeba sap-rocento ganakveTis maqsimumidan, Tumca ganakveTi sagarantio sistemebTan Sedar-ebiT mainc xelsayrelia.

��. gaerTianebul samefoSi daaxloebiT �00 trastia, romlebic istoriul SenobaTa Senar-Cunebas `mbrunavi fondebis~ saSualebiT cdilobs. Senobas Seisyidian, aRadgenen momgebiani gamoyenebisaTvis da axal mosargebles mihyidian. mogeba xelaxla Caideba sxva istoriuli Senobis restavraciaSi. arqitequturuli memkvidreobis fondi ��7� wels, evropis arqiteqtu-ruli wlis Semdeg daarsda. es TviTon aris Tavadac saqvelmoqmedo fondi, romelic trastebs Tavazobs moklevadian sesxebs, romliTac Seisyidian da aRadgenen Senobebs. sesxis moculoba damokidebulia Senobis Rirebulebaze, aseve arsebobs saerTo zRvari. iTvaliswineben saku-Tari Tanxebis arsebobasac. am saxis zomebi jer ar aris farTod gavrcelebuli, magram Sesa-Zlebelia proceduris miReba da amoqmedeba sxva konteqstebSi��.

ii sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebis programebi (OPAh) Zvel ubnebsa an sasoflo arealebSi (safrangeTi)

54. Opération Programée d’Amélioration de l’Habitat (OPAH) –sacxovreblis gaumjobesebis programa - ��77 wels daarsda safrangeTSi samezoblos (sacxovrebeli ubnis) ieris gasaum-jobeseblad. igi kompleqsuri proeqtebis saSualebiT mouwodebs ekonomikur organoebsa da pirebs (mesakuTreebs, vaWrebsa da xelosnebs) moaxdinon reinvesticia Zveli ubnebis aRsad-genad. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Taosnobasa da qonebis mflobelTa nebayoflobiT mx-ardaWeraZe dafuZnebuli, igi yovelwliurad sul ufro mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs adgi-lobriv sacxovrelis politikaSi (met yuradRebas uTmobs arsebuli saxleibis rols da Zvel samezobloebs). subsidiebis naxevars igi iRebs ANAH-sgan (Agence Nationale pour d’Amélioration de l’Habitat - sacxovrebeli saxlebis pirobebis gaumjobesebis saxelmwifo saagento).

administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, OPAH warmoadgens samwlian kontraqts saxelmwifos, ANAH-sa da adgilobriv xelisuflebas Soris. kontraqti Sedgenilia winaswaruli kvlevis safuZvelze da mimarTulia mkafiod gansazRvruli seqtorisadmi:

_ OPAH-s urbanuli saagentoebi moicavs arealebs, romlebSic gamovlinda probleme-bi, romlebic dakavSirebulia sacxovrebelebis asakTan, mobinadreTa naklebobasTan an arasasurvel umciresobaTa arsebobasTan.

_ sasoflo OPAH –ebi moicavs ufro farTo arealebs, daaxloebiT aTidan ocamde adgilobriv administraciul erTeuls, da miznad isaxavs SeebrZolos dausaxlebeli sacxovreblis problemas da moergos ijariT sacxovreblis calkeul moTxovnebs.

winaswaruli kvlevis safuZvelze, OPAH kontraqti gansazRvravs dasaxul miznebs da xel-momwerTa valdebulebebs:

_ saxelmwifo afinansebs winaswarul kvlevas da mxardamWeri da meTvalyure gundis muSaobas, romelic sami wliT mkvidrdeba Sesabamis ubanSi, raTa kontaqti daamyaros yvela mflobelTan da macxovrebelTan da daakvirdes socialur problemebs, rom-lebic aq SeiZleba wamoiWras.

_ gamoiyofa sxvadasxva saxis daxmareba: sacxovreblis SekeTebis premiebi mflobeli-macxovreblisTvis, sesxebi saxelmwilfo sacxovreblis uwyebebisaTvis (HLM), raTa Seisyidon da SeakeTon esa Tu is obieqtebi, specifikuri daxmareba iseTi mxardamWeri saqmianobisaTvis, rogoricaa mwvane sivrceebis ganviTareba, safexmavlo sivrceebis

12 ix. Reports and Studies, #8, Archhitectural Heritage Series, “Report of the York Colloque”, Council of Europe, 1987.

- �� -

Seqmna da momsaxurebis saSualebebis danergva.

_ ANA zrdis grantebs mesakuTre-mowaTmflobelebisaTvis, Tu isini iTxoven ijaras im odenobiT, romelic utoldeba ijaras saxelmwifo sacxovrebelSi (HLM) aTi wlis manZilze.

_ adgilobrivi xelisufleba (an xelisuflebebis jgufi) iRebs Tavis Tavze meTvaly-ure da mxardamWeri jgufis Seqmnas sxvadasxva zomebis misaRebad, romlebic maTi pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi Sedis: winaswari gadaxda, raTa gaaadvilon HLM-is uwye-bebis saqmianoba, sarestavracio nebarTvebi, damatebiTi daxmareba nakleb SeZlebul mflobelebisaTvis, xelosnobisa da vaWrobis mxardaWera, sazogadoebrivi sivrcee-bis gaumjobeseba, informacia, sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba.

55. ANAH –s sistemas ar aqvs paraleli evropaSi. igi Seiqmna rogorc sakompensacio meqanizmi �� wlis aqtiT SemoRebuli saijaro wesebisa. �� wlamde aSenebuli da gaqi-ravebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebis mflobelebi, ixdian damatebiT gadasaxads TADB-s, ijaris �,�%-is odenobiT, gaqiravebis im begaraze mets, romelic saxelmwifo gadasaxads warmoadgens. meore TADB, 0,�%-iani ganakveTiT, Seiqmna energiis dazogvis politikis konteqstSi �� _ ��7� wlebs Soris agebuli ijariT gacemuli sacxovreblebisaTvis.

am mosakreblidan miRebuli Semosavali gamoiyeneba subsidiebis gasacemad (TandarTuli resursebis moTxovnebis gareSe) im mflobelebisaTvis, vinc nergaven komfortul pirobebs da apireben gaagrZelon sacxovreblis gaqiraveba kidev aTi wliT.

_ ANAH-s wliuri biujetis ganawileba, romelic axla saxelmwifo subsidiebiT saz-rdoobs da ukve aRar iRebs Tanxebs uSualod TADB-dan, Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan:

- �0% energiis dazRvevis samuSaoebisaTvis ��-7� wlebs Soris aSenebuli sacxovreblisaTvis;

- �0% subsidiebi mflobelebs, romlebic sakuTari iniciativiT asrulben samuS-aoebs (sxvadasxva seqtorSi);

- �0% OPAH –s sistemis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebisaTvis.

iii. lizingis (daqiravebis) sistema

magaliTi: Semnaxveli bankis V.E. programa siciliuri provinciebisaTvis (Sicilcassa).

��. es sistema, romelsac Seiswavlis SICILCASS,AmuSaobs gayidvisa da arendiT ukan dab-runebis principze. sarestavracio Senobebi gadaecema specializirebul kompanias, romelic marTavs da afinansebs yvela qmedebas da Semdeg reabilitirebul Senobas Zvel mflobels mi-aqiravebs. bankis programis farglebSi lizingur kompanias aseve SeuZlia gamosces monawile-obis sertifikati, rogorc kerZo anabrebis perforaciis saSualeba. sertifikatis mflobeli, amgvarad, xdeba partniori sarestavracio da lizingis saqmianobaSi da SeuZlia agreTve es sertifikati ukan miqiravebis SeTanxmebisas qiris gadasaxdelad gamoiyenos.

iv . `ganaxlebis ijaris” programa

�7. Semdeg magaliTs warmaodgens RonisZieba, romelic safrangeTis sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebisa da sabinao uzrunvelyofis saministrosa da sacxovrebeli saxlebis pirobebis gaumjobesebis saxelmwifo saagentos ganxilvis sagani iyo. misi mizania bazarze gatana im, cud mdgomareobaSi myofi saxlebisa, romlebis mesakuTreebi iq ar cxovroben, magram surT SeinarCunon mflobeloba, Tumca ar aqvT saSualeba gaiRon reabilitaciisTvis saWiro Tanxa. ijaris vada meryeobs �0-dan �� wlamde ori ZiriTadi mizezis gamo: standartul ijaraze sul mcire �0 welia saWiro menejeris investiciebis dasabruneblad (sesxis vada), maSin roca mesakuTreebi �� wlianze meti vadiT valdebulebis aRebaze uars amboben. kanoni # �0-�� (��0 w-is �� maisi) sacxovrebelze uflebis ganxorcielebis Taobaze, II TavSi azustebs ganaxlebis qiris kanonierebas, romelic, rogorc minimum, �� wliT aris dadebuli.

Tumca, principSi, ganaxlebis qira menejers an mqiravebels aZlevs uflebas, TiTqmis uzurfruqtis msgavsad, ijaris safasurad gamoiyenos Senoba da ekisreba valdebuleba sakuTari saxsrebiT Caataros samuSaoebi. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, moijare marTavs Seno-samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, moijare marTavs Seno-bas sakuTari miznebiT, kerZod, rogorc ijariT aRebul binas.

- �� -

memkvidreobis SemTxvevaSi, Senoba ganfasdeba gardamaval etapze keTilmowyobis gareSe mdgomareobasa da keTilmowyobil mdgomareobas Soris, cveTis koeficientis gaTvaliswinebiT. konkretuli Senobis Rirebuleba unda Seicvalos ara meyseulad, aramed TandaTan, dawyebuli Senobis im mdgomareobidan, roca igi ar iyo keTilmowyobili da im mdgomareobamde, roca mi-iRo saWiro keTilmowyoba, saTanadod movlilia, Tumca ganicdis garkveul cveTas saqmianobis damTavrebis momentisaTvis.

`ganaxlebis qiris~ am programis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba yvela saxis momqmedis (saxelmwifo sabinao uzrunvelyofis departamenti, naxevrad saxelmwifo kompaniebi, saxelmwifo gegmarebis departmaneti da a.S.) saSualebiT, im pirobiT, rom isini warmoadgens Sesabamis garantiebs imisa, rom saqmianoba, rogorc Tavad reabilitacia, ise Semdgomi menej-menti, sworad ganxorcieldeba.

v. saxelmwifo-kerZo partnioroba (PPP) niderlandebSi

��. niderlandebisaTvis damaxasiTebeli am tipis TanamSromloba SezRuduli pasuxismge-blobis sazogadoebis Seqmnis formas iRebs, romelSic adgilobrivi xelisufleba da kerZo firmebi iReben monawileobas, iziareben risks, Tumca mTavrobam aseve SeiZleba SeimuSaos `damcvelis~ politika, romelsac dadebiTi Sedegi aqvs. am saxis Sps-ebs xSirad konkretuli proeqtebi aqvT, kerZod, ubnis reabilitacia. jerjerobiT am saxis TanamSromlobis praqti-kul Sedegebze arsebuli informacia mcirea.

II. specifikuri intervenciebis ganviTareba memkvidreobis ama Tu im kategoriisaTvis

A.. memkvidreobis klasifikacia

��. Tavisufali bazris pirobebSi konservaciis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisas SeiZleba ver moxerxdes finansuri balansisa Tu minimaluri momgebianobis uzrunvelyofa, rac gansakuTrebiT ori saxis SenobebTan dakavSirebiT iTqmis:

- daculi memkvidreoba, romelsac gamorCeulad kulturuli datvirTva aqvs (ix. ta-bula III, tipi � da �);

- arqiteqtuturuli Rirebulebis mqone Zveli Senobebi, romlebic subsidirebul sacxovreblad gamoiyeneba.

konkretuli finansuri strategiebi, moqmedi Tu SesamuSavebuli, resursebis mobilizibis xelSemSleli mizezebis gasbaTileblad unda iyos mimarTuli.

b. saxelmwifo dakveTebisa da subsidiebis mniSvneloba

�0. saxelmwifo dawesebulebis biujetebze modis umetesi datvirTva oficialuri saxelmwifo administraciuli Senobebis, memorialuri Zeglebisa da kulturuli Tu religiuri Senobebis konservaciisa, romelTa wili adgilobriv koleqtiur mexsierebaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-nia. mdgradi da mzardi sazelmwifo dakveTa uzrunvelyofs, rom es memkvidreoba umaRlesi stan-dartebiT iyos movlili da daculi. Tu memkvidreoba oficialurad aris daculi da amave dros, kerZo sakuTrebaSia, aucilebelia didi grantebis gamoyofa. kanoniT dasacavi arqiteqturis kat-egoriebis ricxvis zrda (maT Soris industriuli memkvidreoba da XX s-is arqiteqtura) tvirTad awveba saxelmwifo biujets. es ki imas niSnavs, rom xelisufleba, romelic dacvaze agebs pasuxs, ukeT unda gaerkves mis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis finansur SedegebSi. evrosabWos mier dawyebulma saqmianobam memkvidreobis axal tipebTan dakavSirebiT SesaZlebeli unda gaxados ev-ropuli TanamSromloba dacvis kriteriumebis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis farglebSic ar unda iqnes ugulebelyofili garduvali socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi.

- ��0 -

��. dacvis yvela evropuli sistema iTvaliswinebs grantebs movla-patronobasa da sarestavracio samuSaoebisTvis, rogorc erTgvar kompensacias im SezRudvebisa da moTxovnebi-saTvis, romlebic dacul memkvidreobas mimarT arsebobs. am saxis grantebiT finansdeba sa-muSaos Rirebulebis ��%-�0%. maRali xarisixs dacvis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia �0%-ze meti dafinansebac, xolo gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi – xarjebis mTliani anazRaureba. es xels uwyobs damatebiTi kerZo investiciebis mozidvas. dacvis sferoSi SerCeviTobas unda ematebodes sa-granto sistemis konsolidacia.

C. reabilitaciis mxardaWera socialuri sabinao uzrunvelyofis mizniT

��. kulturuli Rirebulebis mqone sazogadoebrivi sacxovreblebi specialuri sagranto sistemis arsebobas moiTxovs ara marto dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aramed sabinao piro-bebis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiTac. vinaidan am saxis programebi uemetesad novatoruli xasiaTisaa da dazianebuli urbanuli ubnebis ganaxlebis stimulirebas axdens, zemoaRniSnuli damatebiTi ekonomikuri efeqtebis gaTvalisiwnebiT, gamarTlebuli iqneba sazogadoebrivi binaTmowyobisTvis gankuTvnili oficialuri subsidiebis axali mSeneblobebis nacvlad re-abilitaciisTvis gamoyeneba.

evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi ganviTarebas iwyebs arqiteqturuli Rirebulebis mqone sacxovreblis ganaxlebis programebis met-naklebad nebayoflobiTi politika, romlis mx-ardaWera prioritetuli unda gaxdes.

renovaciis meqanizmebis magaliTebi evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi:

��. gaerTianebul samefoSi saxelmwifo sacxovreblis seqtorSi saxelmwifo dafinanseba ��70 wlidan gaxda xelmisawvdomi. mSeneblobisa da reabilitaciis Sefardebaa daaxloebiT �0/�0. daxmareba gadis saqvelmoqmedo organizaciebis saSualebiT, romlebsac sacxovreblis asociaciebs uwodeben da romlebic uzrunvelyofen da gankargaven gaqiravebul binebs Raribi ojaxebisaTvis iseve, rogorc amas adgilobrivi xelisufleba mravali wlis manZilze akeTebda.

mTavroba cdilobs sacxovreblis dafinansebis axali programebis SemoRebas, raTa subsi-diebi gamiznuli iyos socialuri binaTmowyobisaTvis yvelaze Raribi ojaxebisTvis. arsebobs amis ramdenime meTodi. erTi mxriv, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis kuTvnili sacxovreblis mobi-nadreebs aqvT ufleba, Seisyidon Tavisi qoneba sabazro fasze iafad. am mobinadre-myidvelebs aqvT sakuTari saxlis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis pirdapiri interesi. es warmoSobs axal SesaZleblobebs reabilitaciisTvis, Tumca Tanadroulad arsebobs arasaTanado SekeTebebis riskic. meore mxriv, sacxovreblis asociaciebi jerac sazogadoebrivi sabinao fondis mTa-vari mflobelebia. maTi finansuri mxardaWera saxelmwifos mxridan sul ufro izrdeba, Tum-ca garkveuli cvlilebebia dafinansebis sistemebSi. momavalSi programebi nawilobriv mainc kerZo seqtoris mier unda dafinansdes Semdegi SefardebiT: 7�% saxelmwifo fuli da ��% - kerZo. arCevani axal mSeneblobasa da reabilitacias Soris Tavidan keTdeba sacxovreblis asociaciebis mier, romlebmac unda daasabuTos Tavisi xarjebi saxelmwifo uwyebebis mier SemuSavebuli samoqmedo principebTan mimarTebiT. yoveli programa fasdeba misi Rirsebebis mixedviT, magram, erTxel dadgenili sacxovreblis subsidia ver gaizrdeba, rac SeiZleba reabilitaciisTvis arasasargeblo gamodges. sacxovreblis asociaciebs jerac SeuZlia sub-sidiis odenobis gazrda damatebiTi grantis mopovebiT istoriuli nagebobisaTvis, Tuki es nageboba misaRebia. Tumca arsebobs riski, rom reabilitacia kerZo menaSeneebs nakleb mim-zidveli moeCvenebaT gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebebis gamo gazrdili xarjebis SiSiT.

safrangeTSi socialuri binaTmowyobis uwyebebi Tavidan axali mSeneblobebis gaTval-iswinebiT Seiqmna. Tumc mogvianebiT, maT gauCndaT reabilitaciis moTxobnileba (energet-ikuli krizisi, segregaciis Sedegebi, da ufro SeZlebuli ojaxebis sxvagan gadasaxlebiT gamowveuli TandaTanobiTi ngreva). samoqmedo meTodebma, romlebic gamoiyeneboda eqsperi-mentulad `sazogadoebrivi binaTmowyobisa~ da `sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis~ (HVS) programeb-Si, xolo mogvianebiT, ufro farTod, samezoblos socialuri ganviTarebis erovnuli komi-siis mier (DSQ, romelic moicavs �� samezoblos safrangeTSi), gamoavlina, rom nagebobaTa jgufebis fizikuri cveTa aris mizezi da ara Sedegi maTi mobinadreebis marginalizaciisa. gamowvlilviTi teqnikuri da socialuri analizis safuZvelze daiwyo sareabilitacio samuS-aoebi, romelsac afinansebda PALULOS–is (premia naqiravebi da sazogadoebrivi sacxovreb-lis gaumjobesebisaTvis) saxeliT cnobili specialuri programa. saxelmwifo subsidia gamo-

- �� -

yofilia samuSaoebisaTvis nagebobis minimalur sacxovrebel standartebamde misayvanad anda ��7 wlis �� dekembramde aSenebul nagebobebSi sacxovreblis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad. es subsidia eZleva im mobinadreebs, romlebic elian sargebels ”personificirebuli sacxovri-sis daxmarebidan~ (APL).

germaniis federaciul respublikaSi dabalfasiani sacxovreblis programa momdinareobs `sacxovreblis mxardaWeris me-� aqtidan (gamoqveynebulia �� wlis �� ivliss), romlis ganx-orcieleba ̀ Länder”-is movaleobaa. am mimarTebiT, bavariam, magaliTad, Camoayaliba samoqmedo principebi imis Taobaze, rom sxva mxriv Tanabar pirobebSi Zveli nagebobebis SekeTebas meti upiratesoba miecema, vidre axal mSeneblobas,. aRiarebuli arqiteqturuli da qalaqmSene-blobiTi standartebidan gamonaklisi daiSveba, Tu saTanado dasabuTeba iqneba warmodgenili dacvis gasaTvalisiwneblad. subsidiebis odenoba erTi da igivea reabilitaciisa da axalm-SeneblobisaTvis, magram sareabilitacio proeqtebisaTvis subsidiebi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia aseve miRebul iqnes istoriuli Zeglebis movla-patronobis fondidan.

bavariaSi, aseve, `Land”-i gascems subsidiebs im sacxovreblis modernozaciisaTvis, romelnic Rarib mflobelebs ekuTvnis. gansakuTrebiT prioritetuladaa miCneulia isto-riul nagebobebSi myofi sacxovreblis modernizacia.

D. mniSvnelovani sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi an gadasaxadebisgan ganTavisufleba

��. arqiteqturuli Rirebulebis mqone saxelmwifo sacxovreblis reabilitaciasTan mimarTebaSi mxari unda daeWiros Semdeg procedurebs: investiciis gamoqviTva saSemosavlo gadasaxadis Sefasebidan, droebiTi ganTavisfleba adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisgan, Sesrule-bul samuSaoevze dRg-s Semcireba, rogorc mTlianad ganviTarebis saqmianobis nawili.

rac Seexeba kerZo mflobelobaSi myof, kulturuli funqciis mqone dacul istoriul nagebobebs, kanonmdeblobam mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos movla-patronobisa da restavraciis xarjebis mZime tvirTi da uzrunvelyos, rom es debeturi viTareba gamoyenebul iqnes yvela Sesabamisi gadasaxadebis gansasazRvrad.

a) fiskaluri qmedebebis mimoxilva zogierT evropul qveyanaSi

��. Tumca dabegvra jerac yvelaze rTul sferod rCeba, mainc SesaZlebelia, gadasaxadebis sxvadasxva kategiroebis ganxilvisas, gamoirCes ramdenime magaliTi evropuli qveynebidan. marTlac, raime saerTo tendenciis dadgena am sferoSi sakmaod Znelia. Tumca zogierT qveya-naSi xangZlivi kamaTis Semdeg mniSvnelovani siaxleebi iyo Semotanili, magaliTad, samemkvi-dreo gadasaxadis sferoSi, bevr sxva SemTxvevaSi konservaciis moTxovnebi da misi ekonomi-kuri, socialuri da kulturuli Rirebulebebi naklebad zemoqmedebs dabegvraze.

i. saSemosavlo gadasaxadi

��. safrangeTSi rogorc sistematizebuli, aseve nusxaSi Setanili nagebobebi eqvemde-bareba erTsadaimave sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs: yvela saxis samuSaoTa xarjebi, gaRebuli mflo-belis mier, axla mTlianad gamoiqviTeba misi dasabegri Semosavlidan (�� wlis �0 Tebervlis gankarguleba) da mravali sxva xarjic mTlianad gamoiqviTeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Senoba Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis (sxvamxriv mxolod �0% iqviTeba). Tu Senoba klasificirebulia, rogorc istoriuli Zegli da Setanilia sagangebo nusxaSi, anda specialuri SeTanxmebis sagani gaxda ekonomikur saqmeTa da finansTa saministroebTan, an gadasaxadebis departamentis Tavmjdo-maresTan, mflobels eZleva ufleba, upirveles yovlisa, gamoqviTos Semosavlidan Tavisi miwis davalianeba da, meorec, yvela saxis danakargis kompensireba, rac mis qonebasTan dakav-SirebiT moxda, misi mTliani Semosavlidan gamoyofiT.

germaniis federaciul respublikaSi viTareba sxvaobs Semosavlis tipis Sesabamisad. Tu Senobis gamoyeneba iwvevs dabegvras sasoflo-sameurneo mogebisa, industriisa da komerciisa, arakomerciuli mogebisa an uZravi qonebis Semosavlisa, ZiriTadi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi SesaZloa gamoqviTul iqnas dasabegri Semosavlidan aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. movla-patronobis xarjebis daqviTva SesaZlebelia gakeTdes ise, rogorc gadasaxadis gadamxdelisTvisaa xelsayreli. metic, ��7 wlis mere, yvela mflobelis mier dasaxlebuli bina ganixileba rogorc `kerZo sakuTreba~, romelic ar eqvemdebareba saSemosavlo gadasaxads. amJamad gamoiyeneba tradiciuli programa da federaluri mTavroba apirebs axali kanomdeblobis Semotanas �� wlis �� dekembramde mflobe-lis mier dasaxlebuli istoriuli nagebobis xarjebze gadasaxadebis Semsubuqebis Taobaze.

- �� -

niderlandebSi, movla-patronobis xarjebis da, Sesabamisad, restavraciis xarjebis didi wili principSi eqvemdebareba gamoqviTvas rogorc saSemosavlo, aseve korporaciuli ga-dasaxadidan. �� wlidan moyolebuli dainteresebul pirebs am SeRavaTis donid Taobaze informaciis misaRebad SeuZliaT mimarTon finansur momsaxurebis ganyoflilebas (Revenue Service Bureau). am ganyofliebis gadawyvetilebebs eqvemdebareba yvela Sida Semosavali nid-erlandSi. fiskaluri SeRavaTebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs Zeglebis restavraciaSi, vi-naidan saSualebas aZlevs mflobelebs, ainazRauron Tavisi xarjebis nawili sagadasaxado Se-RavaTebis meSveobiT. amasTan, saxelmwifo subsidiebis done dakavSirebulia imasTan, gaaCnia Tu ara ganacxadis Semomtans sagadasaxo SeRavaTebis ufleba.

norvegiuli kanonmdebloba uSvebs sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs yvela saxis biznesisTvis gamoy-enebuli nagebobebis saoperacio xarjebisaTvis. igive exeba dacul nagebobebs. saoperacio xarjebi moicavs movla-patronobis xarjebsac, Tumca ganaTebis, sadazRvevo da adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi da sxv. aseve eqvemdebareba gamoqviTvas. meore mxriv, gaumjobesebasa, gafarToebasa an Tavidan aSenebaSi Cadebuli Tanxebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqviTvas, rogorc operatiuli xarjebi.

espaneTis istoriuli memkvidreobis # ��/�� aqtis Tanaxmad SemoRebulia ��%-iani Sem-cireba im Tanxisa, romelic investirebulia `kulturul Rirebulebis obieqtad~ gamocxade-bul SenobaTa konsrevaciaSi, restavraciasa an SesyidvaSi. espaneTSi am klaisfikacias imsax-urebs Zalian mcire raodenobis nagebobebi – ara umetes �0 000-sa. gaerTianebul samefoSi kerZo pirebisaTvis ar arsebobs sagadasaxdo SeRavaTi saSemosavlo gadasaxdTan mimarTebaSi (Tumca, gadasaxadebisgan ganTavisufleba SesaZlebelia daSvebul iqnes kapitaluri Tanxebi-sTvis, romlebic saWiroa obieqtis SekeTebasa da movlisaTvis da sazogadoebisaTvis mis gasax-snelad, im pirobiT, rom es Tanxebi Caideba aprobirebul movla-patronobis fondSi, romelic ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas raime sxva mizniT). magram yvela saxis biznesma, romelic iy-enebs saTavosobes Tavis saqmianobisaTvis, SeuZlia moiTxovos SekeTebisa da movlis Tanxebis, rogorc biznesis xarjebis, gadasaxadebisagan ganTavisfleba.

ii simdidris gadasaxadi

�7 simdidris gadasaxadi yvela qveyanaSi rodi arsebobs, da sadac arsebobs, Zalian gansxvavebuli forma aqvs. safrangeTSi, magaliTad, �� wlis finansurma aqtma SemoiRo `solidaruli gadasaxadi simdidreze~ (dabegvris zRvaria �,000,000 franki).

miwis sakuTreba germaniaSi ibegreba Sefasebis Rirebulebis safuZveelze (gadasaxadis safuZveli aris yoveli qonebis dasabegri Rirebulebis ��0%), romelic �� wlis � ianvars iqna miRebuli da rac niSnavs, rom aseTi Rirebulebebi SedarebiT naklebad aris Sefasebuli. Zeglis SemTxvevaSi, sagadasaxo departamentis instruqcia iTvalisiwnebs misi dasabegri Rirebulebis �%-iT Semcirebas. es Semcireba SesaZloa iyos �0%, Tu gadasaxadis gadamxdels SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom gayidvis SemTxvevaSi istoriuli Zeglis statusi gamoiwvevs am qonebis gasayidi fasis dawevas misi naklebi gamoyenebadobis gamo. Tu Zegli sazogadod aramomgebiania, maSin qonebaze gadasaxadis odenoba gamoiTvleba misi dasabegri Rirebulebis �0%-is safuZvelze, Tu misi kulturuli, istoriuli an samecniero Tvisebebi imsaxurebs konservacias sazogadoebrivi ineteresebisaTvis. metic, gadasaxadebisgan sruli ganTavisufleba nebadarTulia, rodesac Zegli gamoiyeneba kvlevisaTvis an mozrdilTa ganaTelbisaTvis, CarTulia istoriuli memkvidreobis konservaciis warmmarTav mimdinare RonisZiebebSi, an bolo oci wlis manZilze mainc erTi da imave ojaxis mflobelobaSia. valebi, romlebsac SeiZleba hqondeT ekonomikuri Sedegebi ZeglisaTvis, SeiZleba gamoqviTuli iqnes dasabegri safuZvelidan maSinac ki, Tu nebadarTulia gadasaxadebisagan sruli an nawilobrivi ganTavisufleba.

espaneTSi, # ��/�� aqtis mixedviT yvela nageboba, romelic miCneulia `kulturuli ineteresis obieqtad~, Tavisufldeba yvela gadasaxadisagan.

italias, irlandiasa da gaerTianebul samefos am saxis gadasaxadi ar gaaCniaT. avstriaSi arsebobs aseTi gadasaxadi, magram igi istoriuli nagebobebis ganTavisuflebas ar iTvalisi-wnebs. es sistema aseve gamoiyeneba niderlandebSi, sadac xelsayreli zomebi iqna SemoRebuli sazogadoebisaTvis gaxsnil istoriul nagebobebTan mimarTebaSi.

iii adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi

��. adgilobrivi gadasaxaebs uxdian adgilobriv xelisuflebas, miwis an sabinao gadasax-dis saxiT. safrangeTSi amgvari dabegvrisagan istoriuli nagebobebis ganTavisflebis raime programa ar arsebobs. espaneTSi, # ��/�� aqtis Tanaxmad istoriuli da mxatvruli Zeglebi, romelic miCneulia `kulturuli ineteresis obieqtad~, Tavisufldeba urbanuli (miwis) ga-

- �� -

dasaxadisgan. germaniaSi sagadasaxado ganakveTi dgindeba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier. roca Zegli ZiriTadSi `wamgebiania~, adgilobrivi xelisufleba aTavisuflebs mflobels misi moTxovnis safuZvelze sagadasaxado ganakveTis gadaxdisagan. gaerTianebul samefoSi, qveynis saSinao ganakveTebi qonebaze gauqmebulia mobinadreTa TiToeul wevreze saerTo erTiani ga-dasaxadis sasargeblod. rac Seexeba biznesis ganakveTebs, SeRavaTis erTaderTi SesaZlebeli forma aris ganTavisufleba an gamoqviTva, rodesac aRnusxuli istoriuli nageboba carielia.

iv kapitalis moZraobis, memkvidreobisa da naCuqrobis gadasaxadi

��. �� wlis � ianvris safrangeTis kanoni istoriuli nagebobebis Taobaze iTvaliswinebs ganTavisflebas kapitalis moZraobis gadasaxadisgan, nebayoflobiT naCuqrobaze, istoriuli Zeglis memkvidreobiT miRebisa an Sewirulobis SemTxvevebSi, Tuki mflobeli saxelmwifos-Tan dadebs uvado SeTanxmebas. SeTanxmeba unda uzrunvelyofdes imas, rom xsenebuli Zegli xelmisawvdomi iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis da unda akonkretebdes misi movla-patronobis pi-robebs. masSi aseve Camoyalibebul unda iqnes sazogadoebisadmi Zeglis wardgenis pirobebi da aRniSnuli iyos masSi arsebuli da dabegvrisagan ganTavisuflebuli moZravi obieqtebi, maTi dacvisa da movla-patronobis garantiebis miTiTebiT. Tu es pirobebi ar sruldeba, maSin kapitalis moZraobis gadasaxadi aucileblad unda iqnes gadaxdili. am RonisZiebaTa mizania xeli SeuSalos kerZo qonebis danawevrebas, rac xSirad xdeba mflobelobis gadacemisas da aseve xSirad iwvevs Zeglis movla-patronobis ugulelyofas, mis mitovebas an adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier mis Sesyidvas, rac zrdis saxelmwifo xarjebs kulturul memkvidreobaze. SeTanxmebis pirobebi aseve isaxavs miznad ar dauSvas im moZravi obieqtebis gabneva, romlebic am Zeglebis arsebiT Taviseburebas warmoadgens da izidavs mnaxvelTa interess.

germaniis federaciul respublikaSi naCuqrobisa da memkvidreobis dabegvrisas sagadasaxa-do safuZveli igivea, rac simdidris gadasaxadis SemTxvevaSi, Tumca am saxis ganTavisufleba baTildeba, Tu misi pirobebi aRar iarsebebs memkvidreobis miRebisa da naCuqrobis aqtis gafor-mebidan Semdegi �0 wlis ganmavlobaSi. valebi, romlebsac ekonomikuri Sedegebi aqvs ZeglisaT-vis, romelic mxolod nawilobriv aris ganTavisuflebuli gadasaxadebisagan, anu Tavisufalia �0%-mde, SeiZleba gamoiqviTos memkvidreobis gadasaxadis safuZvelidan maTi odenobis mxolod �0%-mde. miuxedavad amisa, mflobels SeuZlia uari Tqvas Tavis uflebaze gadasaxadisgan ganTa-visuflebisa, da am SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia gamoqviTos yvela vali memkvidreobis da naCuqrobis gadasaxadebis safuZvelidan, maT Soris Zeglis movlis xarjebidan gamoTvlili.

espaneTSi kapitalis moZraobis an memkvidreobis gadasaxadebisganGganTavisflebis aranairi saxeoba an SeRavaTi ar arsebobs. am kanoniT, ��% SeiZleba gamoqviTul iqnas saCuqris Sefasebu-li Rirebulebidan `sufTa da martivi miZRvnis~ SemTxvevaSi, romelic moicavs espaneTis isto-riuli memkvidreobis Semadgnel obieqtebs da imis gaTvalisiwnebiT, rom amgvari Sewiruloba eZ-Rvneba saxelmwifos an sxva sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, rogoricaa instituciebi, fondebi an asociaciebi, romlebsac humanitaruli an saqvelmoqmedo statusi aqvT. aqti # ��/�� da misi ganmaxorcielebeli wesebis paragrafi �� aseve acxadebs, rom memkvidreobis gadasaxadi, qonebis gadasaxadi da saSemosavlo gadasaxadi SeiZleba gadaxdil iqnes moZravi obieqtebiT, romlebic miCneulia `kulturuli Rirebulebis mqoned~, romlebic, realurad, Zalian mcire raodeno-bisaa, anda saerTo reestrSi Setanili obieqtebiT, romlebic gacilebiT mravalricxovania.

gaerTianebul samefoSi, gamorCeuli istoriuli nagebobebis SezRuduli kategoria pirobi-Tad ganTavisuflebulia kapitalis moZraobis gadasaxadisgan, kapitalis Semosavlebis gadasaxadis-gan da memkvidreobis gadasaxadisgan, rac niSnavs, rom igi SeiZleba gadaeces axal mflobels Rirebulebis gadasaxadis SemoRebis gareSe. qoneba, romelic moicavs saxlsa da im miwis nakveTs, romelic ayalibebs misi xasiaTis arsebiT nawils., mag., sakarmidamo saxlis baRi, sertificire-buli unda iyos saxelmwifos mier `inglisis memkvidreobis~ rCevis safuZvelze. ganTavisuflebis pirobebi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mflobeli iRebs Tavis Tavze am qonebis movlasa da Senaxvas. igi unda gaxsnili iyos sazogadoebisaTvis daTqmuli droiT da Tu igi gaiyideba, ganurCevlad romel etapze, gadasaxadi unda gadaxdil iqnes, im SemTxvevis gamoklebiT, roca igi miyides aRiarebul organizacias, romelic Seinaxavs mas erovnuli interesebisaTvis. es SeRavaTebi agreTve moqmedebs xelovnebis nimuSebis an koleqciebis mimarT, ase rom, igi gamoiyeneba, raTa saxli SenarCundes Tavisive garemoSi, masSi dacul xelovnebis nawarmeoebebTana da gamarTulobebTan erTad.

italiisa da irlandiis kanonmdebloba aseve iTvaliswinebs srul ganTavisflebas kapitaluri transferis da memkvidreobis gadasaxadebisagan im istoriuli nagebobebisa, romlebic kargadaa movlili da Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis drois daTqmul monakveTSi. niderlandSi gadasaxadebisagan ganTavisuflebis programa iseve moqmedebs, rogorc simdidris gadasaxadis SemTxvevaSi.

- �� -

v. damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi (dRg)

70. kulturuli memkvidreobis sasargeblod dRg-sgan ganTavisuflebis oriode magaliTi Tua. espaneTSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom raime specialuri midgoma restavraciisa an movla-patronobisadmi ar aris, `nagebobaTa an maTi sacxovreblad gamiznuli nawilebis reabilitacia~ ibegreba dadable-buli � %-iani ganakveTiT (nacvlad ��%-sa). magram, rogorc naTlad Cans, es ar aris gamiznuli konkretulad arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis rekonstruqciis an restavraciis sasargeblod, ar-amed zogadad sacxovreblis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaa. niderlandSi socialuri miznebis mqone fondebi (romelTa saqmianoba moicavs Zeglebis da istoriuli nagebobebis SenarCunebas) principSi ganTavisflebuli arian dRg-sgan, iseve rogorc biznesis gadasaxadisgan. gaerTianebul samefoSi arakomerciul aRnusxul nagebobebSi SeTanxmebuli gadakeTebebi nuli ganakveTiT ibegreba, Tumca es mxolod uTanabrebs maT axal arakomerciul nagebobis mSeneblobas. aRnusxuli istoriuli nage-bobebis SekeTeba jerac arc ise upiratesia, radgan ��% dRg-iT ibegreba.

belgiaSi, �0 welze meti xnis sacxovreblis ganaxlebis samuSaoebi ibegreba �%-iT (nacvlad ��%-isa).

b) ZiriTadi mxardasaWeri stimulebi

7�. rogorc kanoniT daculi SenobebisTvis, iseve im nagebobebisTvis, romlebic maTi arqiteq-turuli an socialuri Rirebulebis gamo mxolod `aRiarebulia~ sagadasaxado xelisuflebis mier, minimaluri sagadasaxado waxalisebis programa dResdReobiT amgvar zogad models unda miyvebodes:

_ saSemosavlo gadasaxadi:memkvidreobis dacvis qveS myofi Senobis movla-patronobisa da restavraciis yvela xar-

jis gamoqviTva dasabegri Semosavlidan;

_simdidris gadasaxadi:sruli ganTavisfleba istoriuli Zeglis movlisTvis gaweuli xarjebis safuZvelze, ro-

gorc ki is gaxsnili iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis;

_ adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi (rogoricaa miwis gadasaxadi da tarifebi):istoriuli nagebobebi mniSvnelovnad izidavs turistebsa da sxva mnaxvelebsac da, aqe-

dan gamomdinare, adgilobrivi an regionaluri ekonomikis aqtivebs warmoadgens. aqedan mo-dis nawilobrivi an sruli ganTavisufleba gadasaxadebisagan, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dasabegri Zegli wamgebiania mflobelisaTvis;

_ qonebis gadacemis gadasaxadi:

• sruli ganTavisfleba kapitalis gadacemis gadasaxadisgan im istoriuli an mxatvru-li Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic memkvidreobiT an naCuqrobiT aris miRebuli. am koncesias sasurvelia daerTos SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da mflobels Soris im pi-robiT, rom Zeglis xelmisawvdomi iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis da rom moZravi Zeglebi aucileblad adgilze darCeba.

• SesaZlebloba samemkvidreo gadasaxadis gadaxdisTvis moZravi Zeglebis `Cuqeba~, xsenebuli moZravi obieqtebis SenarCunebis SesaZleblobiT istoriul nagebobaSi, romelic daculia saxelmwifosa da mlobels Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebiT.

amgvari zomebis mizania Tavidan acilebul iqnes istoriuli ansamblebis daqucmaceba.

_ damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi:dRg-sgan ganTavisfleba sarestavracio da movla-patronobis samuSaoebis im obieqtebi-

saTvis, romlebsac moaqvT mcire mogeba an sruliad aramomgebiania.

_ saerTaSoriso dabegvra:

problemebi SeiZleba warmoiqmnes maSin, roca saxelmwifo, sadac ganlagebulia Zegli, aris sxva, vidre is, romelSic am Zeglis mflobeli aris gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli. Tu pirve-li saxelmwifo iTvalisiwinebs dabegvris Semsubuqebas ZeglisaTvis, mflobelma unda miiRos sargebeli aqedan, ganurCevlad imisa, aris Tu ara am saxelmwifos moqalaqe.

es ZiriTadad exeba memkvidreobas da naCuqrobas: vinaidan dabegvris es sfero SedarebiT

- �� -

nakleb regulirebulia saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebiT, ormagi dabegvris riski ufro metia, iseve rogorc damatebiTi dabegvra erT saxelmwifoSi qmnis risks meore qveyanaSi miRebuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis gabaTilebisa.

E. `mecenatobisa~ da `sponsorobis~ axali modelebi

a) memkvidreobis `mecenatoba~ da `sponsoroba~: jerac naklebganviTarebuli

7�. evrosabWos wevri qveynebis kulturis ministrebis V konferenciaze (lisaboni, ��7 w-is seqtemberi), momzadda moxseneba qvelmoqmedebis tendenciebze evropaSi��. masSi ganxiluli iyo komerciuli qvelmoqmedebis sferoSi bolo drois ganviTareba, romlis odenoba sxvadasx-va qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia (italiaSi �-�0-jer metia, magaliTad, vidre safrangeTsa da gaer-Tianebul samefoSi). VII da VIII cxrilebSi asaxulia viTareba �� evropul qveyanaSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, kanoni iTvaliswinebs garkveuli resursebis gamoyenebas qvelmoqmedebisTvis. es exeba evropis araerTi qveynis Semnaxvel bankebs (espaneTi, safrangeTi, italia, germania da sxv.). �� wels turinis Semnaxvelma bankma, magaliTad, xelovnebasa da kulturaze 7.� mil-ioni ECU daxarja. zog SemTxvevaSi, firmebs evaleba garkveuli Tanxebis gaReba im saxis kul-turuli RonisZiebebis dasafinanseblad, romlebic maT TanamSromlebsa an im areals moutans sargebels, sadac isini aris ganTavsebuli (mag., safrangeTSi, mTliani xelfasis �% ericxeba organizacias `Comités d’Entreprise~).

rogorc Cans, biznesis qvelmoqmedeba sxva seqtorebisken (saxviTi xelovneba, opera, cekva, musika, gamofenebi da muzeumebi) ufro aris mimarTuli, vidre arqiteqturuli memkvidreo-bisadmi. aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroa ori amocanis Sesruleba.

upirveles yovlisa, biznesis warmomadgenlebs unda kargad ganemartos im sargeblis Ses-axeb, rac arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dafinansebas da kulturuli proeqtebis ganxor-cielebas SeiZleba mohyves (mag., istoriuli Senobis restavracia, romelSic SeiZleba Semdeg gamofenebi da warmodgenebi moewyos).

meore, unda gamoiZebnos qvelmoqmedebis ufro `popularuli~ gzebi, romelSic wvrili firmebi an kerZo pirebis didi raodenoba CaerTveba. saWiroa sainformacio kampaniebis Cat-areba, romlebic ZiriTadad komerciuli da samrewvelo palatebisa da profesionaluri aso-ciaciebisken iqneba mimarTuli.

aqtiuri pirovnebebis CarTva xSirad katalizatoriviT moqmedebs amgvar wamowyebebze. ase, `fondi neapoli ��~ Seiqmna �� wels kerZo iniciativiT ori miznis gansaxorcieleblad: pirveli, arqiteqturuli da mxatvruli memkvidreobis konservaciisa da gaumjobesebisTvis, da meore _ qalaqisaTvis axali saxis Sesaqmnelad, romelic mis kulturul RirebulebebTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli. fondi Rebulobs erTwlian da mravalwlian programebs, romlebsac SearCeven mecnierebisa da kulturis warmomedgenlebi. resursebi, upirveles yovlisa, modis damfuZneblebisa da gulSematkivarTa mcire jgufisgan. asociaciis SeqmniT, romlis sawevro Senatanma gaasammaga Tavdapirveli donaciisgan miRebuli mogeba da dafara fondis samoqmedo xarjebi, SesaZlebeli gaxda mniSvnelovani resursebis dagroveba Zalian gansxvavebuli wyaroe-bidan. fondis mier mxardaWerilii proeqtebidan erTi yvelaze sainteresoTaganis, alfonso aragonelis satriumfo TaRis restavraciisaTvis Tanxebi moZiebul iqna sxvadasxva bankidan (italiis banki, romis Semnaxveli banki, sienas monte dei paCi,.....), adgilobrivi mSenebleTa asociiaciidan, ISVEIMER-dan da PAVIMENTAL –dan (IRI-ITALSTAT jgufi).

b) dainteresebis stimulireba

7�. Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom sagadasaxado stimulebi yovelTvis ar zemoq-medebs firmis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebaze moqmedebisaTvis, vinaidan sxva faqtorebic muS-aoben. miuxedavad amisa, dabegvris gavlenis mniSvneloba ar unda ugulebelyoT. mizanSewo-nilia Semdegi saxis politikis mxardaWera:

i. kerZo pirebisTvis sasargeblo RonisZiebebi

- saSemosavlo gadasaxadebi kerZo pirebze:kerZo pirebs unda hqondeT ufleba moiTxovon sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi qvelmoqmedebis

saxiT gaRebuli Tanxis nawilze. proporcia sxvaobs sxvadasxva beneficiaris mixedviT.

13 “Mécénat en Europe”, Jacques de Chalender, Documentation Française –is gamocema, 1987.

- �� -

tabula VIIdabegvris Semsubuqeba kerZo pirTa saSemosavlo gadasaxadze

qveyana

gamo

xat

ul

i pr

oc

ent

is

saxi

T

gana

kveT

i

gamo

xat

ul

i r

ogo

rc

R

ireb

ul

eba

od

eno

ba

SeniSvnebi

avstria

belgia

kviprosi

dania

fineTi

safrangeTi

saberZneTi

vatikani

islandia

irlandia

italia

lixtenSteini

luqsemburgi

malta

niderlandebi

norvegia

portugalia

espaneTi

SvedeTi

Sveicaria

TurqeTi

gaerTianebu-li samefo

diax

ara/diax

diax

ara

ara

diax

diax

_

diax

ara

diax

ara

ara

diax

ara

ara

diax

diax

diax

_

�%

_

�,�%

_

_

diax

_

_

_

_

�%

_

ara

ara/diax

diax

diax

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

diax

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

_

diax

�000 Dkr(28 Ecus)

100 £ Ir(129 Ecus)

10 MLF(23000 Ecus)

aralimitirebuli Semsubuqeba xarjebisaTvis, romelic mocemulia muxlSi �.�. (�)

-/-/ saCuqari unda iyos meti vidre �,000 da naklebi vidre �0,000,000 belgiuri franki

ulimito

�%-iani ganakveTi exeba asociaciebsa da fond-ebs, `aRiarebuls rogorc saqvelmoqmedo~.

Sewirulobis moculoba srulad gamo-qviTebadia.

viTareba gansxvavebulia kantonebis mixedviT. zog SemTxvevaSi, kantonis gadasaxadis �0%.

SeTanxmebis sa-fuZvelze gakeTe-buli saCuqari SeiZleba ganTa-visufldes SeTanx-mebis mxa-risaTvis dasaS-veb umaRles do-neze. saCuqrebi, gamoqviTuli jamagiridan, ��7 wlis � aprilis Semdeg, iRebs Semsub-uqebas ��0 £-mde wliurad (126 Ecus)

(�) wminda Semosavlis �% limitis farglebSi(�) SotlandiisaTvis pasuxebia: diax/ara/ara.

- ��7 -

tab

ul

a V

IIIbi

zne

sis

spo

nso

ro

bis

dab

egvr

a“M

écen

at e

n E

urop

e”, J

acqu

es d

e C

HA

LEN

DA

R, C

DC

C kvl

eva,

gamo

cem

ul

i D

ocum

enta

tion

Fraç

aise

-s m

ier, ��

�7, gv

. 70

avst

ria

bel

gia

kvip

rosi

dan

ia

fin

eTi

saf

ran

geTi

sabe

rZn

eTi

vatik

ani

isl

andia

irl

andia

ital

ial

ixten

Stei

nil

uqs

embu

rgi

mal

ta

nider

lan

deb

i

norve

gia

portuga

lia

espa

neTi

Sved

eTi

Svei

car

ia*

Turqe

Ti

did

i br

itan

eTi

gamo

qviT

va

bru

nvid

an%

gamo

qviT

va

moge

bid

an%

gamo

qviT

vis

od

eno

bis

zed

a z

Rva

ri

zed

a z

Rva

ri

sxva

kat

egir

iaSi

ga

dat

anis

Ses

aZl

ebl

oba

dia

xdia

x/ar

a/dia

xdia

xar

a

ara

dia

xdia

x

dia

xar

a

ara

_ ara

ara

dia

xdia

xar

a

dia

x

dia

x

ul

imit

onu

li/

�%nu

li

_ _0.

�-0�

%_ _ _ _ _ _ _

0.�%

(�)

�0%

�% (�)

ara

ara

dia

xar

a

nul

iar

a_ _ ara

dia

x

_

dia

x, s

aCuqr

is

SemT

veva

Siar

aar

a_ ara

nul

i

ara

_ _nu

li

_ _ _ _ _ _

nul

i

_ �% _ _ _ _

ara

ara/

dia

x/_

ara

dia

x

ara

ara

ara

_dia

x

ara

_

nul

i

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

__/�

0 M

FB_

�,00

0 D

kr(1

28 e

cus)

ara

ara

_ _�0

0-�0

,000

£��

�-��

,900

E_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

(ige

gmeb

a)ar

aar

a

ara

ara

_ ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

ara

• ka

ntonT

a So

ris

aris

sag

ul

isxm

o g

ansx

vave

bebi

. mi

mdin

areo

bs m

aTi

harmo

nizac

iisa

da

gamW

virva

lobi

s ga

umj

obe

sebi

s mc

del

oba

.�.

an

wv

lil

is R

ireb

ul

ebis

�0%

Tu i

s aW

arbe

bs �

% b

runv

isa

- �� -

magaliTebi

gaerTianebul samefoSi kerZo pirs SeuZlia xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gadasces garkveu-li Tanxa oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi registrirebul saqvelmoqmedo organizacias. gadasaxadi, romelic unda gadaxdil yofiliyo am Tanxidan, gamoTxovnilia am saqvelmoqmedo organizaciis mier. germaniis federaciul respublikaSi istoriuli memkvidreobis mxardaWera eqceva zogadi miznis ̀ kulturuli saqmianobis mxardaWera~ qveS. kerZo pirebs da korporaciebs SeuZlia daqvi-Ton yovelgvari kulturuli Senawiri �0%-is zRvramde maTi mTliani dasabegri Semosavlidan. instituciebis Sewirulobani Temisadmi ganTavisuflebulia memkvidreobiTi da naCuqrobis ga-dasaxadisagan, Tu es instituciebi, romlebic SeiZleba moicavdes nebayoflobiT asociaciebsa da ara-momgebian fondebs, istoriuli memkvudreobis konservacias uwyoben xels.

safrangeTSi qvelmoqmedebas kanonieri aRiareba pirvelad ��7 w-is �� ivlisis aqtma mianiWa. am aqtis mixedviT, gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba gamoqviTon dasabegri Semosavlis �,��% im saCuqrebisaTvis, romlebic saqvelmoqmedo an sazogadoebrivi ineteresebis organizaciebs gadaecaT da dasabegri Semosavlis �% aRiarebuli saxelmwifo interesis mqone organizaciebsa an fondebsTvis gaRebuli saCuqrebisaTvis. imave aqtis mixed-viT, mflobelebs eZlevaT neba gamoqviTon gadasaxadidan yvela xarji, romelic dakavSirebu-lia istoriuli Zeglis yidvasa, daqiravebasa an movla-patronobasTan, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es xarjebi firmis interesebidan gamomdinareobs. amgvari istoriuli rezidenciebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi moicavs klientebis miRebas, vaWrobis reklamirebas, sakonferencio da wvrT-nis centrebis daarsebas da sxva miznebs. aseTi sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis dasamsaxureblad, es istoriuli Senobebi agreTve aRnusxuli unda iyos istoriuli Zeglebis reestrSi.

ii. firmebisTvis sasargeblo RonisZiebebi

- kompaniis gadasaxadebi

kompensaciis gareSe gaweuli danaxarjebi (usasyidlo saCuqrebi): dasaqviTi Tanxis maqsi-mumi gansxvavdeba saCuqris beneficiaris Sesabamisad.

danaxarji kompensaciiT: xelovnebaze gaweuli yvela danaxarji akldeba dasaqviT Semo-savals, Tu is pirdapir firmis sasargeblod aris gaweuli (yvela danaxarji mxatvruli Rire-bulebis mqone memkvidreobisa da garemos pirobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT).

- xelovnebis nimuSebze daxarjuli Tanxa, romelic gamoiqviTeba dasabegri Semosavlidan:xelovnebis nawarmoebebs SeuZliaT gaamSvenon da saxeli gauTqvan monumentur memkvi-

dreobas: aseTi obieqtebi ar unda iyos miCneuli gamousyidav ZiriTad saSualebebad, aramed unda gamoiqviTos gadasaxadidan, Tu ki gamofenilia sazogadoebisaTvis.

magaliTebi

es zomebi SemoRebul iqna safrangeTSi ��7 wlis �7 ivlisis aqtiT. kompensaciis gar-eSe gaweuli xarjebi (usasyidlo saCuqrebi) gamoiqviTeba kompaniis gadasaxadidan 0,�-0�% -is donemde, beneficiari organizaciis xasiaTidan gamomdinare. kompensaciiT gaRebuli xarjebi-saTvis (sponsoroba) imave aqti avrcelebs am dadgenilebas yvela im xarjze, romelic war-moadgens pirdapir sargebels firmisaTvis da gamomdinareobs qvelmoqmedebis, ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, socialuri, humanitaruli, sportuli, ojaxTan dakavSirebuli an kulturuli bunebis movlenebis konteqstidan, an movlenebidan, romlebic exmareba mxatvruli memkvidre-obis gaumjobesebas, bunebrivi garemos dacvas, an franguli kulturis, enisa da samecniero codnis gavrcelebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom es aqti ganasxvavebs, erTi mxriv, sponsorobis xar-jebs (parrainage), romlebic warmoiqmneba firmis gaZRolasTan dakavSirebiT da, meore mxriv, sakuTriv qvelmoqmedebis an patronaJis (mécenat) xarjebs, romelic dasabegri mogebidanaa gamoqviTvadi.

gaerTianebul samefoSi, mogebis xarjebi da ara qvelmoqmedebaSi Cadebuli kapitaluri xarjebi, SeiZleba daSvebul iqnas, rogorc biznesis gasavali da ganTavisfldes dabegvris-gan. xelSekrelebiTi gadaxadebi xelovnebis mxardamWeri registrirebuli Senawiris saxiT, upirispirdeba korporaciul gadasaxads.

- �� -

iii sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi im firmebisa Tu uwyebebisaTvis, romlebic `mecenatobidan” iReben mogebas

- aRricxuli Senobebisgan miRebuli Semosavlis ganTavisufleba kompaniis mogebis ga-dasaxadidan an masze SeRavaTebis daweseba

- SeRavaTiani saxelfaso fondis gadasaxadi

- dRg-sgan gaTavisufleba an dabali tarifis daweseba

- ganTavisfleba gadacemis, naCuqrobisa an moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi.

magaliTebi

britanuli kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs kompaniis gadasaxadis Semsubuqebas aRnusxuli Senobebidan miRebul SemosavalTan mimarTebiT. registrirebuli Senawiri ganTaviuflebulia dRg-dan mis saqvelmoqmedo muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT, magram ara vaWrobisa an sxva biznes interesebTan dakavSirebiT.

safrangeTSi fondebs miniWebuli aqvs SeRavaTis ufleba �00,000 franguli franki ode-nobiT kompaniis gadasaxadze, romlebic maT damfuZnebel firmebs exeba ��% ganakveTi maTi monetaruli Semosavlidan da asociaciebi iRebs SeRavaTs saxelfaso gadasaxadisagan. sazoga-doebrivi instituciebi an sazogadoebrivi ineteresTa jgufebi, romelTa resursebi eqsk-liuziurad gamiznulia saqvelmoqmedo bunebis mqone samecniero, kulturuli an mxatvruli saqmianobisaTvis, ganTavisflebulia kapitalis gadacemis gadasaxadidan usasyidlo saCuqreb-sa da memkvidreobasTan mimarTebiT, winaswari nebarTvis gareSe.

iv. saCuqari naturis saxiT

samuSaos saqvelmoqmedo organizaciis [Senawiri] mier Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, samSeneblo saqmesTan dakavSirebuli firmebi SeiZleba daexmaros Semsrulebels naturiT, rac Seuwyobs xels maT reklamas sazogadoebaSi.

magaliTebi

inglisSi saqvelmoqmedo trastebi Rebuloben xoleme daxmarebas naturiT: mag., darbai-SirSi masalebis adgolobrivma mommaragebelma gaiRo qvis fiqalebi beRlebis SesakeTeblad, romlebic gadakeTda mTamsvlelTa TavSesafrad.

c) Tanadafinansebis procedurebi (“matching grants” wilobrivi subsidia)7�. es RonisZieba, gamocdili aSS-Si, efuZeneba saxelmwifo da kerZoO resursebis kom-

binirebis princips: saxelmwifo sesxebis kombinireba kerZo pirebisa da firmebisagan miRebul, winaswar mogrovil resursebTan. mTavari azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Seicvalos proeqtebis organizatorTa Cveva, mxolod saxelmwifo iyolion partniorad da amis nacvlad, mozidul iqnas biznesis, industriis, momsxaurebis sfero istoriuli Zeglebis mdgomareobis gaumjobe-sebis saqmianobaSi. es sistema safrangeTSi ��7 wels dainerga da maSinaTve �00 sawarmoo fir-ma moizida, romelTagan bevro adre arasdros yofila CarTuli qvelmoqmedebaSi. es sistema miznad isaxavs memkvidreobis seqtorSi saqminaobisaTvis axali sponsorebis mozidvas da erTi da imave regionis sxvadasaxva organizaciebis erToblivi Zalisxmevis stimulirebas.

d) tradiciuli saqvelmoqmedo midgomebis gamravalferovneba da firmebis waxal-iseba: Sesabamisi iuridiuli bazis saWiroeba

7�. bolodroindelma kvlevebma daadastura, rom qvelmoqmedeba TavisTavad ar SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo fondebis naklebobis mizezi. sponsoroba samrewvelo marTvis axali aspeqti da institucionaluri komunikaciis Zlieri saSualeba gaxda. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT rom vilaparakoT, qvelmoqmedebaze daxarjuli Tanxa imiT SeiZleba gamarTldes, rom igi xels uwy-obs firmis reklamas da misi imijis gaumjobesebas. samrewvelo qvelmoqmedeba dRes nayofier investiciad aRiqmeba. am saxis midgoma iTvaliswinebs kerZo sawarmos rols restavraciasa da im saxis Zeglebis marTvaSi, romelTac an mxolod kulturuli Rirebuleba an garkveuli mo-gebis potencialic aqvT. igi istoriul Zeglebs `kulturul sawarmoebad~ aRiqvams.

Sesabamis departamentebTan TanamSromlobiT, komerciuli donori Camoayalibebs daba-lansebul, finansurad Rirebul programas, romelic Seicavs sarestavracio da mimdinare te-

- ��0 -

qnikuri xarjebis biujetsa da, amave dros, iTvaliswinebs Zeglis xelaxal gamoyenebas, srul SesabamisobaSi am adgilis xasiaTTan. yovelive amis Sedegad SemoTavazebuli iqneba maRal doneze momzadebuli kulturuli da komerciuli `produqti~. qvelmoqmedebis tradiciuli wyaroebi (aramomgebiani organizaciebi, asociaciebi, fondebi, TviT saxelmwifo) ar aris kar-gad morgebuli am moculobisa da xangrZlivobis investiciebs.

7�. uaxloes wlebSi unda SemuSavdes axali sakanonmdeblo baza, romlis amocana iqneba kulturuli proeqtebis integrireba ekonomikur konteqstSi da rac SeiZleba meti partnior-is (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo seqtoridan) mozidva. mag., safrangeTis ��7 wlis �� ivli-sis aqtiT, `fondi~ (foundation) ganmartebulia, rogorc saqmianoba, rodesac erTi an ramdenime kerZo piri an kompania miiRebas gadawyvetilebas Seuqcevadad gadasces qoneba, uflebebi, an resuresebi sazogadoebrivi ineteresebis aramomgebiani wamowyebis gansxorcieleblad. firmas, romelic daaarsebs fonds, SeuZlia mas sakuTari biznesis saxeli daarqvas. aqedan gamomdin-are, moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadac fondma sazogadoebis interesebis sakeTildReod unda imo-qmedos, SesabamisobaSi modis kanonier mogebasTan (prestiJis TvalsazrisiT), romelsac firma misgan moelis. safrangeTSi amJamad muSaoben `komerciuli fondis~ ideaze, romelic ufro moqnili iqneba, vidre saqvelmoqmedo organizaciebi. am saxis organizaciis iuridiuli mxare unda iTvaliswinebdes dacvisa da konservaciis moTxovnebs da amave dros, iZleodes Zeglebis, rogorc kulturuli Tu ekonomikuri `sawarmoebis~, gamoyenebis saSualebas sabazro wesebis Tanaxmad. ufro moqnili sagadasaxado zomebi da (garkveul farglebSi) komerciuli midgoma gaaadvilebs firmebis mozidvas. axali tipis fondi realurad SesaZlebels gaxdis partnioro-bas firmebTan kulturuli memkvidreobis restavraciis dafinansebaSi. cxadia, aucilebelia balansis miRweva memkvidreobisaTvis `sargeblobis motanasa”~ da mis `gamoyenebas~ Soris.

aseve SesaZlebelia `Tanabaruflebiani sainvesticio kompaniebis~ magaliTis mibaZva, romelTac warmatebiT SeZles saaqcio kapitalis dabandeba bazarze inesticiisaTvis, romelic imdenad maqsimalur mogebas ki ar eswrafvis, ramdenadac im sawarmoebis mxardaWeras, romelic maT Rirebulad miaCnia.

e) memkvidreobis konservaciis specialuri fondebi

77. kidev erTi britanuli magaliT gviCvenebs, rom arsebobs specialuri mizniT Semqni-li trastebi, romlebic konkretul istoriul Senobebze zrunavs. zogierTi maTgani mWidrod TanamSromlobs am SenobebSi mcxovreb ojaxebTan. arsebobs adgilobriv macxovrebelTa jgufe-bic, romlebic uvlian SedarebiT mcire zomis Senobebs, mag., funqcia- dakargul adgilobriv eklesias. Landmark Trust-is mflobelobaSia sruliad unikaluri istoriuli nagebobebi. mdi-dari filantropis mier daarsebuli, am fondis ZiriTadi mizania SeinarCunos iseTi Rirsebebis nagebobebi, romlebic ver gadakeTdeba dasasvenebl saxlebad. maT ricxvSia rigi arqiteqtu-ruli `mogiJianobisa~. �� wlidan moyolebuli �7� nageboba restavrirebul iqna da qiravdeba erTkviriani vadiT. restavraciis da gamarTulobis standartebi Zalian maRalia, magram vi-naidan cxovreba iq mxolod SezRuduli droiT SeiZleba, isini ar aris valdebulni Tanamedrove cxovrebis yvela saxis konfortis uzrunvelyofisa, rogoricaa centraluri gaTboba, romelic esoden damaqceveli SeiZleba iyos nagebobis Tavdapirveli originaluri saxisaTvis.

f) firmebs Soris TanamSromloba memkvidreobis proeqtebis mxardasaWerad

7�. ramdenime partnioris gaerTianeba ukeTes perspeqtivas uqmnis saqvelmoqmedo saqmiano-bas. magaliTad, italiaSi dafuZnda `turinis mxatvruli da arqiteqturuli qonebis gaumjobe-sebis sabWo~, yvelaze mniSvnelovan adgilobriv firmaTa kavSiri. am konsorciumma mTlianad gaiRo zogierTi mniSvnelovani istoriuli Senobis sarestavracio xarjebi. aseTi saxis part-niorobam SeiZleba fondis (foundation) an sxva saxis forma miiRos. saxelmwifo (sazogadoebrivi) seqtorisaTvis kargi iqneba kulturuli memkvidreobis proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi monawil-eoba. zemoT ukve iyo saubari `saxelmwifo-kerZo partniorobis~ (PPP) Taobaze niderlandSi.

safrangeTis ��7 wlis �� ivlisis aqtis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia kulturis sferoSi sazogadoebrivi interesebis mqone jgufebis Seqmna (Sesabamisi iuridiuli statusiT da fi-nansuri avtonomiiT). am saxis organizacias qmnis erTi an meti sajaro da/an kerZo iuridiuli piri, sul mcire, erTi sajaro (sazogadoebrivi) iuridiuli piris monawileobiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sazogadoebrivi interesebis jgufebs ar aqvs mogebis miRebisa Tu ganawilebis ufleba, isini eqvemdebareba fiskaluri gamWvirvaleobis wesebs.

- �� -

III. damatebiTi evropuli instituciuri dafinanseba

7�. evropis sabWos muSaobasTan erTad, EEC instituciebi, evropis parlamentis mxar-daWeriT, sul ufro met resursebs uZRvnian arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis konservacias. es saqmianoba gansxvavebul formebs iRebs.

A. Zeglebisa da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis fondi

�0. evropis Tanamegobrobis komisiam (generaluri direqtoratis kulturuli saqmianobis ganyofileba) �� wlidan moyolebuli, daafuZna wliuri programa: `Tanamegobrobis arqiteq-turuli memkvidreobis konservaciisa da reklamirebis sacdeli proeqtebis mxardaWera~.

Tanxebis ufro efeqturad gamoyenebis mizniT, �� wels iqna miRebuli oTxwliani gegma, romlis Tanaxmad Zalisxmeva yovelwliurad koncentrirebulia erT konkretul Temaze, mag.:

�� w. _ gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis samoqalaqo da religiuri Zeglebi an RirsSesan-iSnavi adgilebi;

��0 w. _ istoriuli nagebobebi an nagebobaTa jgufebi, romlebic ganszRvraven an axasi-aTeben qalaqur an sasoflo sistemebs.

�� w. _ rewvis, miwaTmoqmedebisa da warmoebis sferoSi adamianis moRvaweobis mowmobani;

�� w. _ istoriul centrebSi sazogadoebrivi sivrceebis integrirebuli gaumjobeseba.

am gegmis pirvel, �� wels, komisiam Tanadafinanseba gauwia �� sacdel proeqts (�� wardgeliTagan), mTlianobaSi �,�00,000 ECU-s odenobiT.

b. evropis sainvesticio bankis sesxebi (EIb)

��. banki apirebs mxari dauWiros evropis Tanamegobrobis uproblemo da gawonasworebul ganviTarebas, sexebis da fasiani qaRaldebis gacemiT sainvesticio programebis dasafinan-seblad ekonomikis yvela sferoSi. ganixilavs ra memkvidreobas, rogorc regionaluri da turizmis ganviTarebis faqtors, EIB CaerTo iseTi saqmianobebis dafinansebaSi, rogoricaa pompeis, herkulanumis da stabiis sakonservacio samuSaoebi italiaSi, anda muzeumis daarseba kunZul melosze, saberZneTSi.

C. evropis regionaluri ganviTarebis fondi (ERDF)

82. ERDF–is daxmareba kulturis sferoSi dakavSirebulia mis specifikur miznebT-an: CamorCenili regionebis ganviTareba da struqturuli gaumjobeseba da industriuli daqveiTebis gamo seriozulad dazaralebuli arealebis konservacia. Zveli nagebobebis mod-ernizacia, gaumjobeseba da restavracia am CarCoebSi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. xmelTaSuazR-vispireTis integrirebuli programebi aseve moicavs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis adgilebisa da kulturis miznebisaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobebis gaumjobesebas.

ERDF-is mier reabilitaciis mxardaWera eqvemdebareba Semdegi direqtivebis dadgenile-bebs: # ��/440/EEC, (sajaro samuSaoebis kontraqti) da 88/295/EEC (sajaro momaragebis kon-traqti).

��. sazogadoevrivi an sarestavracio samuSaoebis ganxorcielebisTvis gamiznuli inves-ticiebis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifo organoebis miTiTebebiT, SeiZleba mimarTva ERDF–s dax-marebisTvis, romelic Seesabameba Tanamegobrobis wesebs, anu im weseb, romliTac tardeba tenderze mowveva, da aseve garemosdaciT da TviT ERDF–is wesebs. ERDF–is wesebi iT-valisiwnebs, inter alia, ara-anazRaurebad daxmarebas investiciis saerTo Tanxis maqsimum 7�% CamorCenil regionebSi. praqtikaSi, es ganakveTi cvalebadi iqneba ramdenime faqtoris gaT-valisiwnebiT, rogoricaa investiciis qveyana da areali, is wvlili, romelsac investicia moutans ganviTarebas, Semosavali, romelic SesaZloa moitanos am investiciam da proeqtis mniSvneloba sazogadod.

- �� -

D. daxamareba wvrTnisTvis

��. memkvidreobis konservaciaSi arapirdapir wvlils warmoadgens daxmareba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia wvrTnebis Casatareblad memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobisa da xelobaTa ganviTarebisaTvis. evropis socialuri fondi mxars uWers specifikuri saqmianobebis sawvrTneli gegmebis ganxorcielebas, romlebic gamiznulia axalgarzrdebis mier restavraciis sferoSi samSeneblo profesiebis dasaufleblad.

erTi gansakuTrebiT saintereso magaliTi aris bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi espaneTSi daarsebuli `saxelosno skolebi~ da RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis skolebi, romlebic imave mizniT ukve moqmedebs rig qveynebSi.

maswavleblebis da mwvrTneli-ostatebis gacvla-gamocvla aseve sasargeblo iqneba, Tu evropul doneze ganviTardeba Tanamegobrobis sxvadasxva fondebis daxmarebiT, im `memkvidreobis profesiebis evropuli qselis~ gaTvalsiwinebiT, romlis Seqmna wamoiwyo evropis sabWom.

metic, evropuli Tanamegobrobis komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-, evropuli Tanamegobrobis komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-evropuli Tanamegobrobis komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi- Tanamegobrobis komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-Tanamegobrobis komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi- komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-komisiis generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi- generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-generaluri direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi- direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi-direqtoratis `kulturis saqmi- `kulturis saqmi-kulturis saqmi- saqmi-saqmi-anobebis~ ganyofileba aseve yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-~ ganyofileba aseve yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-ganyofileba aseve yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx- aseve yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-aseve yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx- yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-yovelwliurad gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx- gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-gascems stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx- stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx-stipendiebs konservaciis seqtorSi sx- konservaciis seqtorSi sx-konservaciis seqtorSi sx- seqtorSi sx-seqtorSi sx- sx-sx-vadasxva instituciebisa da skolebisaTvis. instituciebisa da skolebisaTvis.instituciebisa da skolebisaTvis. da skolebisaTvis.da skolebisaTvis. skolebisaTvis.skolebisaTvis..

- �� -

danarTi I

arqiteqturuli memkvidroebis konservaciis dafinansebis sakiTxebze momuSave specialistTa jgufis wevrebi

BElgIQUE/BElgIUMbelgia

M. Jean-louis lUXEN, Président du CDPH, Administrateur général, Ministére de la Communauté française, 7 rue Stevens

B-1000 BRUXEllES Président du groupe de Spécialistes

FRANCEsafrangeTi

Mme Muriel de RAISSAC, Chargée de mission auprés du Directeur du Patrimoine, Ministére de laMinistére de la Culture et de la Communication, 3 rue de Valois, F-75001 PARIS

M. Jean-Paul lACAzE, Directeur général de I’Agence Nationale pour I’Amélioration de I’HabitatI’Amélioration de I’Habitat (ANAH), 17 rue de la Paix, F-75002 PARIS

M. Pierre-gérard MERlETTE, Agence nationale pour I’Amélioration de I’Habitat (ANAH), 9 boule-pour I’Amélioration de I’Habitat (ANAH), 9 boule-vard des Capucines, F-75002 PARIS

Mme Aude DUFOURMANTEllE, Direction Technicue de I’Agence Nationale pour I’Amélioration de I’Habitat (ANAH), 9 boulevard des Capucines, F-75002 PARIS

REPUBlIQUE FEDERAlE D’AllEMAgNE /FEDERAl REPUBlIC OF gERMANYgermaniis federaciuli respublika

D. Rudolf KLEEBERG, Wirtschaftsprűfer, theresienstrasse 19, D�� E� �D�� E� �

�.Werner von TRǗTZS��LER Bayerisches �inisterium für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Salvator-platz �, D�� E� � D�� E� �

ITAlIE/ITAlYitalia

Prof. Francesco TRIMARCHI, Institut des Sciences Politiques, Universitá di Messina, I-MESSINA

PAYS-BAS/NETHERlANDSniderlandebi

�r. Ab WELGRAVE�, Direqtor, Stichting �ationaal Restauratiefonds, Postbus 15, �L�3��7� DAHOEVElAKEN

- �� -

NORVEgE/NOWWAYnorvegia

�r. Erik FRIIS�FAE��, Senior Executive Officer, �inistry of Finance, PO BOX ��, ��3� OSLO

ESPAMgE/SPAINespaneTi

�.Jose luis ALVAREZ, �otaire, 34 J. Ortega Y Gasset, E��6 �ADRID

ROYAUME-UNI/ UNITED KINgDOMdidi britaneTi

�rs. Vanessa BRA�D, �onservation officer for Buildings at Risk, �istoric Buildings and �onu-ments Commission for England, Savile Row 25, gb-lONDON WIX 2BT

Prof. Nathaniel lICHFIElD, Planing Development and Economic Consultants, Star House, 104-1�� Grafton Road, GB�LO�DO� �W5 4BD

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPIAN COMMUNITIESevropuli Tanamegobrobis komisia

Mr. Theodossios MASTROMINAS, Directorate general X, Information, Communicaton and Culture (Cultural Action), Commission of the European Communities, Rue de la loi, B-BRUXEllES

CONSUlTANTS AND OTHER SPECIAlISTSkonsultantebi da sxva specialistebi

M. J. BEUlAYgUE, Directeur adjoint des Relations Extérieures, Compagnie SHEll, 29, rue de Berry, 75397 PARIS �EDEX ��

Mme Verena FÜllEMANN, Secretaryof the Foundation Jubilaums-Striftung der Schweizerischen Bankgesellschaft, Bahnhoftstrassse 45 �h��1 Z�RI��

M. guy lEYMARIE, Secrétarire général, Société CARTIER, 7 , place Vendôme, 75001 PARIS

M. François lOHEAC, Comite européen des Assurances, 3 rue Meyerbeer, 75009 PARIS

Mrs Pirkko METSÄRANTA, Chief Inspector, Ministry of the Environment, Ratak. 3 PB399 SF-00121 HElSINKI

Mme Celeste NICOlETTI, Servizio Attivitá Promozionali, Associazione Fra le Casse di Risparmio Italiane (ACRI), Viale di Villa grazioli, 23 I-ROME

- �� -

M. Flavio TOSSI, Chef du Service “Marketing et communication” groupement Européen des Cais-groupement Européen des Cais-ses d’Epargne de la CEE Avenue de la Renaissance 12 B-1040 BRUXEl-CEE Avenue de la Renaissance 12 B-1040 BRUXEl-lES

Mme Satu-Kaarina VIRTAlA, government Secretary, Ministry of the Environment, Physical Plan-ing and Building Department, Hämeentie 3-5, p.o. Box 399, SF-00121 HElSINKI

Mme Claude WOlTON, Chargée de mission Economie/ Culture-Communication, SPONCOM (Foire Internationale du Mécénat), Conseil regional province Alpes Côte d’Azur, 50 rue de Breteuil, F-13006 MARSEIllE

COUNCIl OF EUROPEecropis sabWo

M. Ferdinando AlBANESE, Director of the Environment and local Authorities

M. José Maria BAllESTER, Head of the Division for the Integrated Conservation of the Historic Heritage

M. Daniel THEROND, Pricnipal Administrator, Division for the Integrated Conservation of the His-toric Heritage

- �� -

danarTi II

jgufis wevrebis mier momzadebuli dokumentebi

- New ways of funding the restoration of the architectural heritage, by Mr. Francesco TRIMARCHI – Summary of deliberations, Messina colloquy

- New ways of funding conservation – Information document submitted by the British delegation (�DP� (�7) �)

� Summary of the economic framework, by �r. �athaniel LI��FIELD (�DP� (��) �1)(�DP� (��) �1)

- Memorandum on the situation in the Federal Republic of germany bu Mr. Rudolf KLEEBERG (�DP� (��) �9)

� �emorandum on the situation in France, by �rs. �uriel de RAISSA� (�DP� (��) 3�)(�DP� (��) 3�)

� Information note on the situation in the �etherlands, by �r. Ab WELGRAVE� (�DP� (��) 31)(�DP� (��) 31)

- Credit operations and the possibilities of increased support for the architectural heritage – Information note by �r. Flavio TOSSI (�DP� (��) 3�)

- Sponsorship and the architectural heritage: Incentives: the point of view of big bussines – Paper presented by �r. Guy LEY�ARIE “�ARTIER International”� (�DP� (��) 37) (�DP� (��) 37)

- Fiscal aspects of the conservation and restoration of historical monument, by Mr. Rudolf KLEEBERG (�DP� (��) 3�)

- Information note on the situation in the United Kingdom, By Mrs. Vanessa BRAND (CDPH (��) 39)

- legal machinery for incentives and co-ordination of public and private initiatives, by �r. Francesco TRI�AR��I (�DP� (��) 4�)

- The situation in Spain concerning incentives and the mobilisation of new resources for the historic and artistic property heritage, by �r. Jose ALVARES (�DP� (��) 41)

� Informatin note communicated by the European Saving Banks Group (�DP� (��) 45)

� Information note on the on the situation in �orway, by �r. Erik FRIIS�FAE�� (�DP� (��) 46)

- Fiscal aspects of conservation and restoration of buildings in Norway by Mr. Erik FRIIS�FAE�� (�DP� (��) 47)

- Housing,mortgage and municipal credit committee – information submitted by the European Savings Banks Group (�DP� (��) 4�)

� �ote of financing deals, legal machinery for incentives and co�ordination of public and private initiatives – note by �r. Jean�Paul LA�AZE (�DP� (��) 49)

- Fiscal aspects of property conservation and restoration in Spain, by Mr. Jose luis AlVA-REZ (�DP� (��) 5�)

- Information note about the provision of security by loans in the form of real estate – Com-parative study transmitted by �r. Flavio TOSSI (�DP� (�9) 13)

- ��7 -

- “The renovation lease” – Summary note prepared by the Agence Nationale pour I’Amélioration de I’Habitat (France) – Document forwarded by Mr. MERlETTE (CDPH (�9) 14)

- The National Restoration Fund, The Netherlands – Outlines for a new structure in the res-toration of the architectural heritage – Information note by Mr. A. WElgRAVEN (CDPH (�9) 15)

- Economc resources generated by historic monuments The case of �ont Saint �ichel (�DP� (�9) 16) The case of �harters (�DP� (�9) 17)

(Studies carried out by the French Ministry of Culture, with reference to the EEC’s study on “Eco-nomic Evaluation of Monumental Heritage”)

- legal mechanisms of concessions (EEC Directive 305/71 on 26 July 1971). Information note submitted by �rs. SPADA (BO�IFI�A�GRO�P IRI�ITALSTAT) (�DP� (�9) �4)

- Information note on private funding in Italy, submitted by the Associazione fra le Casse di risparmio italiane (Association of Italian Savings Banks) (�DP� (�9) �5)

� Fiscal incentives – �ontribution by �r. FRIIS�FAE�� (�orway) (�DP� (�9) 43)

- Draft legislation on foundations – Document submitted by the Franch delegation (CDPH (�9) 5�)

- Information document on securitisation, forwarded by the European Savings Banks group (Mr. Flavio TOSSI) (CDPH (90) 12)

vrceldeba ufasod

Not for sale

www.mcs.gov.ge

E-mail: [email protected]

conservation of architecture - ancient … istoriuli ansamblebis usafrtxoebis dacva cvlilebebis...

Documents