constitution amendments of india

8/9/2019 Constitution Amendments of india

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Constitution 99th Amendment Bill

The constitution (99th amendment) Bill sought to protect the rights o the non!

tri"als in the ne#l$ elected Bodo Territorial Council (BTC) "$ %eeping intact the

e&isting representation o the scheduled tri"es and nonscheduled tri"es in the

Assam legislati'e assem"l$ rom the Bodoland territorial Council Areas district Thisamendment "ill came in eect as constitution 9*th Amendment act +**,

Constitution -**th Amendment Bill

The Constitution (-**th) amendment Bill sought to insert Bodo. Dogri. /aithili and

0anthali in the 1th schedule o the constitution This act #as passed and came into

orce as Constitution (9+nd Amendment) Act +**, This act too% the num"er o

o2cial languages in 3ndia to ++

Constitution (-*,rd Amendment) Bill. +**4

The Constitution (5ne 6undred and Third Amendment) Bill. +**4 along #ith7ational Commission or /inorities (Repeal) Bill. +**4 #as introduced in 8o% 0a"ha

on +,-++**4 Bills #ere reerred to the Department!related Parliamentar$

0tanding Committee on 0ocial ustice and Empo#erment Chairperson o this

committee #as 0mt 0umitra /aha:an and the committee su"mitted its report on

;e"ruar$ +-. +** ?Ts 'i@ ammu > Kashmir. 8a%shad#eep. /i@oram. /eghala$a.

7agaland and Pun:a". the 6indus are a minorit$ in contrast #ith the rest o the

countr$

The minorit$ standard o /uslims. 0i%hs. Buddhists and Parsees #ho are designated

as minorit$ in 3ndia should not "e applica"le to these states ;or e&ample. in Pun:a"

0i%hs are in ma:orit$. in > K /uslims are in ma:orit$

5n August 1. +**. a 0upreme Court :udgment decreed that ains should not "e

treated as a minorit$ at the national le'el and no more communities should "e

declared as a minorit$ at the national le'el 5nl$ the state go'ernment ma$ declare

communities as minorities

Constitution (5ne 6undred and Third Amendment) Bill. +**4 along #ith 7ational

Commission or /inorities (Repeal) Bill. +**4 #as to "ring an end to these

anomalies Bill proposed states as the "asic unit to :udge #hich communit$ is a

minorit$ in #hich state

0ome eatures=


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The 7ational Commission or /inorities (Repeal) Bill. +**4 repeals the 7ational

Commission or /inorities Act. -99+ 3t proposed to dissol'e the 7ational

Commission or /inorities

The Constitution (5ne 6undred and Third Amendment) Bill. +**4 proposed to

esta"lish a ne# 7ational Commission or /inorities. #ith a constitutional status. inorder to inspire greater condence to#ards the eecti'eness o the Commission

The states #ould "e as%ed or their 'ie# on the "asis o data a'aila"le as to #ho is

a minorit$ The$ #ill "e consulted "$ the President o 3ndia. #ould then noti$ the

minorities in that state hile the President is to consult the states. he #ould not "e

"ound to act on their ad'ice

Current 0tatus= The Bill got lapsed

7ote= 5n /a$ ,. +**F. the ?nion Ca"inet appro'ed or mo'ing the o2cial

amendments to the Constitution (5ne 6undred and Third Amendment) Bill >

7ational Commission or /inorities (Repeal) Bill. +**4

Constitution (-*4th Amendment) Bill. +**

Constitution (5ne 6undred and ;ourth Amendment) Bill #as pased ++nd Decem"er.

+** President A P A"dul Kalam signed it on anuar$ +*. +**< and the -*4th

Constitution Amendment Bill "ecame the the Constitution 9,rd amendment Act.

+**

This "ill has "een Guite amous as Huota Bill 3t adds a ne# clause to Article - o

the Constitution This act amends the article - and adds clause -() ater Clause

-(4)

Clause() sa$s=

7othing in this article or in su"!clause (g) o clause (-) o article -9 shall pre'ent

the 0tate rom ma%ing an$ special pro'ision."$ la#. or the ad'ancement o an$

sociall$ and educationall$ "ac%#ard classes o citi@ens or or the 0cheduled Castes

or the 0cheduled Tri"es in so ar as such special pro'isions relate to their admission

to educational institutions including pri'ate educational institutions. #hether aided

or unaided "$ the 0tate. other than the minorit$ educational institutions reerred to

in clause (-) o article ,*

0hort Bac%ground=

3n August -+. +** 0upreme Court had deli'ered a :udgement "$ F :udges

uninamousl$ in case o PA 3namdar > 5rs 's 0tate o /aharashtra > 5rs

0upreme court declared that 0tate canIt impose its reser'ation polic$ on minorit$

and non!minorit$ unaided pri'ate colleges. including proessional colleges


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The 9,rd Constitutional amendment #as "rought (in a hurr$) or ensuring

reser'ations to other "ac%#ard classes and 0cheduled castes and Tri"es in Pri'ate

Educational institutions

The mo'e #as to re'erse the 0upreme Court udgement

3n April +**1. the 0upreme Court o 3ndia upheld the Jo'ernmentIs mo'e or

initiating +F 5BC Guotas in Jo'ernment unded institutions

The Court has reiterated its prior stand that Cream$ 8a$er should "e e&cluded

rom the am"it o reser'ation polic$ The 0upreme Court a'oided ans#ering the

Guestion #hether reser'ations can "e made in pri'ate institutions. stating that the

Guestion #ill "e decided onl$ as and #hen a la# is made ma%ing reser'ations in

pri'ate institutions

3n conclusion. this amendment ena"les the constitution to pro'ide or reser'ations

or 5BCs in all educational institutions including pri'ate. #hether aided or

unaided. e&cepting minorit$ educational institutions 3t "rought all pri'ate

institutions. #hether aided or unaided. under the pur'ie# o the Jo'ernmentIs

policies on reser'ation and ee structure. it has also Guietl$ achie'ed much more

than that "$ #idening the scope o the Amendment Act to specicall$ include the

term admission to educational institutions Article - o the constitution. as it #as

originall$ ramed in -9*. stated the ollo#ing and did not include the term

admission to educational institutions

Constitution -*th Amendment Bill

The Constitution (5ne 6undred ;ith) Amendment Bill. +**< sought to e&clude Bihar

rom pur'ie# o article -


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The Constitution (-*


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Current 0tatus= Pending

Constitution (-*Fth Amendment) Bill. +**F

The Constitution (5ne 6undred and 0e'enth Amendment) Bill. +**F had "een

introduced in 8o% 0a"ha on 7o'em"er ,*. +**F The 0i&th 0chedule to the

Constitution (Amendment) Bill. +**F #as also introduced #ith the same "ill

Current Position= This "ill got lapsed

Bac%ground= These "ills sought to amend the Constitution to include Jor%ha 6ill

Council. Dar:eeling in the 0i&th 0chedule

hat is 0i&th 0cheduleN 0i&th 0chedule Articles +44 and +F pro'ides or the

creation o autonomous District Councils in certain tri"al areas o the 7orth!Eastern

states 'i@ Assam.meghala$a.tripura.mi@oram The Bill sought to orm a District

Council or the hill areas o Dar:eeling in est Bengal called the Jor%ha 6ill Council.

Dar:eeling (J6C) All District Councils ha'e the po#er to ma%e la#s on a range osu":ects such as the allotment o land. use o #ater course. and inheritance o

propert$ The J6C has the po#er to ma%e la#s on 4 additional su":ects such as

agriculture. education and transport

The Bills #ere reerred to the 0tanding Committee on 6ome Aairs #hich su"mitted

its report on ;e" +1. +**1 Chairperson o this committee #as 0ushma 0#ara:

0tanding Committee #as una"le to 'eri$ acts on the ground Thereore. it

accepted the 'ie#s o the central and state go'ernments and recommended that

the Bills "e passed #ith some amendments

Constitution (-*1th Amendment) Bill +**1 or omenOs Reser'ation Bill

Constitution (-*1th Amendment) Bill or omenIs Reser'ation Bill has "een the most

highlighted amendment "ills o recent times This "ill #as introduced in Ra:$a 0a"ha

on /a$


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Constitution (-*9th Amendment Act) +**9 #as passed "$ Ra:$a 0a"ha on the ,rd

August. +**9 > 8o% 0a"ha on the 4th August. +**9 and ratied "$ the legislatures

o not less than one!hal o the states. and assented to on -1 an. +*-*

Bac%ground= Through this amendment article ,,4 o the Constitution. or the #ords

si&t$ $ears. the #ords se'ent$ $ears shall "e su"stituted

This article has sought to e&tend the reser'ation o seats or 0Cs and 0Ts in the 8o%

0a"ha and state assem"lies "$ another -* $ears The time period o


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Bac%ground=

QThe Bill adds a ne# Directi'e Principles o 0tate Polic$ stating that the 0tate shall

endea'our to promote 'oluntar$ ormation. autonomous unctioning. democratic

control and proessional management o co!operati'e societies

Q3t urther inserts a ne# part 3L B in the Constitution (adding Articles +4,M6 through

+4,MT). #hich outlines certain guidelines or running co!operati'e societies

Constitution (--+th Amendment) Bill

The Constitution (--+ th Amendment) Bill #as introduced in the 8o% 0a"ha on

7o'em"er +4. +**9 and this "ill see%s to see%s to amend man$ clauses o Article

+4,T o the Constitution. pro'iding or reser'ation o seats or 0cheduled Castes

and 0cheduled Tri"es and also or the #omen in ?r"an local Bodies

Current 0tatus (Till= /arch +*-*) =This Bill has "een appro'ed and no# has "een

reerred to the Departmentall$!related Parliamentar$ 0tanding committee on ?r"anDe'elopment or e&amination and report in /arch +*-*

Parliamentar$ 0tanding committee on ?r"an De'elopment no# in'ites suggestions

the same "ill The committee is headed "$ /r 0harad Yada' The memoranda

containing 'ie#s o the indi'idualsorgani@ations interested in the su":ect matter o

the Bill. and also to hear oral e'idence on the su":ect are in'ited

Bac%ground= The Constitution (--+th Amendment) Bill +**9 to pro'ide or *

reser'ation o #omen in ?r"an 8ocal Bodies Through this Bill the Jo'ernment o

3ndia see%s to increase the representation o #omen in ?r"an 8ocal Bodies (?8Bs)

rom the present le'el o one!third to * percent #hich #ould also includeenhancement o reser'ation or #omen upto * percent in seats reser'ed or

0cheduled Castes. 0cheduled Tri"es. and * percent reser'ations or #omen in the

posts o Chairpersons This #ould result in

increased representation o #omen in ?8Bs and is li%el$ to $ield signicant "enets

in terms o higher priorit$ to #omenIs issues in critical areas o ur"an Jo'ernance

and ser'ice deli'er$ such as #ater suppl$. sanitation. solid #aste management.

education and health. etc

Article +4,T=

Article +4,T o the Constitution pro'ides that a minimum o one!third o the total

num"er o seats lled "$ direct elections in e'er$ /unicipalit$ shall "e reser'ed or

#omen

The seats ma$ "e allotted "$ rotation to dierent constituencies in a /unicipalit$


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Also. a minimum o one!third seats shall "e reser'ed or 0C0T #omen #ithin the

seats reser'ed or 0C0Ts in a /unicipalit$

52ces o Chairpersons in /unicipalit$ shall "e reser'ed or 0C0Ts and #omen in a

manner to "e prescri"ed the state legislatures

The reser'ation o 0C0Ts shall "e in proportion to the population o 0C0Ts in the

state

Constitution(--,) (5ne 6undred and Thirteenth Amendment) Bill. +*-*

The latest amendment "ill is Constitution (5ne 6undred and Thirteenth

Amendment) Bill. +*-* #hich #as introduced on /arch -. +*-* The Current

0tatus o this "ill is = pending

Bac%ground= The Jo'ernment o 5rissa had or#arded to the Central Jo'ernment in

Decem"er +**1. the Resolution passed "$ the 8egislati'e Assem"l$ o 5rissa on

+1th August. +**1 that. inter alia. the name o the language specied as 5ri$a. inthe Eighth 0chedule o Constitution "e changed as 5dia and translation o the

#ord 5dia in 6indi language should "e re'ised as NNNNN accordingl$ and

authorised the Jo'ernment o 5rissa to place the matter "eore Jo'ernment o

3ndia or change o name o the 0tate and change o language o the 0tate and

change o their 6indi translations The Constitution (5ne 6undred and Thirteenth

Amendment) Bill. +*-* see%s to change o name o the language mentioned in the

Eighth 0chedule o the Constitution o 3ndia. rom O5ri$aI to O5diaI

Please note that the "ill that see%s to change the name o 5rissa to 5disha is 5rissa

(Alteration o 7ame) Act. +*-* This "ill is pending in the 8o% 0a"ha

The Constitution (--4th Amendment) Bill. +*-* Current 0tatus= Pending

The Constitution (5ne 6undred and ;ourteenth (Amendment) Bill. +*-* #as

introduced in the 8o% 0a"ha on August +. +*-* "$ the /inister o 8a# and ustice.

0hri / Veerappa /oil$

The Bill see%s to amend Articles +-F and ++4 o the Constitution relating to :udges

o the 6igh Court

The Constitution allo#s e'er$ :udge o a 6igh Court including additional and acting

:udges to hold o2ce till


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6ighlights o the Bill

The Bill see%s to amend the Constitution to pro'ide or the introduction o a Joods

and 0er'ices Ta& (J0T)

The Bill allo#s "oth Parliament and state legislatures to rame la#s #ith respect to

J0T Parliament #ill ha'e the e&clusi'e po#er to le'$ J0T on imports and inter!

state trade

The Bill creates a Joods and 0er'ices Ta& Council consisting o state ;inance

/inisters. the ?nion ;inance /inister. and ?nion /inister o 0tate or Re'enue to

ma%e recommendations #ith respect to J0T

The Bill pro'ides or a Dispute 0ettlement Authorit$ to settle disputes "et#een

states or "et#een states and the ?nion #ith regard to J0T Appeals rom the

Authorit$ lie #ith the 0upreme Court

The Bill e&empts certain commodities rom J0T. including petroleum products andalcoholic liGuor or human consumption

Ke$ 3ssues and Anal$sis

The J0T Council #ill recommend harmonised ta& rates. and disputes regarding

these rates #ill "e ad:udicated "$ the Dispute 0ettlement Authorit$ (#ith appeal to

the 0upreme Court) This structure. in #hich e&ecuti'e and :udicial "odies

determine ta& rates. ma$ impinge on the rights o legislatures

The Bill see%s to amend the Constitution to pro'ide that Parliament and state

legislatures ma$ "oth rame la#s #ith regard to J0T #ithout pro'iding orParliamentar$ supremac$

The J0T Council shall ma%e all decisions "$ consensus 3t is unclear #hether this

ma$ "e interpreted as ma:orit$ or unanimit$

The e&clusion o certain commodities rom J0T is contrar$ to the recommendations

o the Thirteenth ;inance Commission and Department o Re'enue

The Bill constitutionall$ reGuires a ?nion ;inance /inister and ?nion /inister o

0tate in charge o Re'enue This could undermine the e&i"ilit$ o the Prime

/inister in orming a Council o /inisters

The Constitution (--


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The Bill amends the Constitution "$ inserting a ne# Part L3VB (adding Articles

,+,C and ,+,D) to the

Constitution 3t pro'ides an outline or esta"lishing a 8o%pal or the ?nion and

8o%a$u%ta or the states The

Bill also amends the Third 0chedule (insertion o Part 3L) to pro'ide or the orm o

oath to "e ta%en "$ the

Chairperson and mem"ers o 8o%pal and the 8o%a$u%ta The Bill pro'ides that

that there shall "e a 8o%pal or the ?nion and a 8o%a$u%ta or the 0tates

8o%pal

The Bill 'ests the 8o%pal #ith the po#er to (a) hold preliminar$ enGuir$ #hich

ma$ result in an in'estigationS

and (") prosecute oences This po#er is in relation to a complaint led under an$pre'ention o corruption la#

made "$ Parliament The 8o%pal shall "e an autonomous and independent "od$

headed "$ a Chairperson The num"er o mem"ers and the conditions o the ser'ice

o the 8o%pal shall "e determined "$ Parliament

The appointment o the Chairperson and the mem"ers o the 8o%pal shall "e

made "$ the President

The Chairperson and mem"ers o the 8o%pal shall not "e eligi"le to hold an$

urther go'ernment posts (including o2ce under the Jo'ernment o 3ndia. 0tate

Jo'ernment or an$ other o2cer as ma$ "e determined "$ Parliament)

8o%a$u%ta

The Bill also pro'ides that there shall "e a 8o%a$u%ta or e'er$ 0tate The Bill

'ests the 8o%a$u%ta #ith the po#er to (a) hold preliminar$ enGuir$ #hich ma$ result

in an in'estigationS and (") prosecute oences This po#er is in relation to a

complaint led under an$ pre'ention o corruption o la# made "$ either the

Parliament or the 0tate legislatures as the case ma$ "e The 8o%a$u%ta shall "e

an autonomous and independent

"od$ headed "$ a Chairperson The num"er o /em"ers and the conditions oser'ice o the 8o%a$u%ta shall "e

determined "$ either Parliament or the 0tate 8egislatures as the case ma$ "e

The appointment o the Chairperson and the /em"ers o the 8o%a$u%ta shall "e

made "$ the Jo'ernor


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The Chairperson and /em"ers o the 8o%a$u%ta shall not "e eligi"le to hold an$

urther go'ernment posts

(including o2ce under the Jo'ernment o 3ndia. 0tate Jo'ernment or an$ other

o2cer as ma$ "e determined "$ Parliament or state legislature)

The Constitution (--Fth Amendment) Bill. +*-+

The Constitution (5ne 6undred 0e'enteenth Amendment) Bill. +*-+ #as introduced

in the Ra:$a 0a"ha on 0eptem"er . +*-+ "$ /r V 7ara$ansam$. /inister o 0tate

or Personnel. Pu"lic Jrie'ances and Pensions

3n -99+. the 0upreme Court in the case o 3ndira 0a#hne$ ' ?nion o 3ndia had held

reser'ations in promotions to "e unconstitutional 0u"seGuentl$ in -99. the

central go'ernment had amended the Constitution and inserted Article -


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Ven%aiah 7aidu). #hich is scheduled to su"mit its report "$ the rst #ee% o the

inter 0ession o the Parliament

A resolution to ma%e special pro'isions or the 6$dera"ad!Karnata%a Region #as

passed "$ the 8egislati'e Assem"l$ and 8egislati'e Council o Karnata%a in /arch

+*-+ The resolution aims to esta"lish an institutional mechanism to de'elop theregion and promote inclusi'e gro#th 3t aims to reduce inter!region and inter!

district disparit$ in the 0tate o Karnata%a This Bill #as introduced in Parliament to

gi'e eect to this resolution

The Bill see%s to insert Article ,F- in the Constitution to empo#er the Jo'ernor o

Karnata%a to ta%e steps to de'elop the 6$dera"ad!Karnata%a Region As per the

0tatements o 5":ects and Reasons o the Bill. this Region includes the districts o

Jul"arga. Bidar. Raichur. Koppal. Yadgir and Bellar$

The President ma$ allo# the Jo'ernor to ta%e the ollo#ing steps or de'elopment

o the region= (i) setting up a de'elopment "oard or the RegionS (ii) ensure

eGuita"le allocation o unds or de'elopment o the RegionS and (iii) pro'ide or

reser'ation in educational and 'ocational training institutions. and state

go'ernment positions in the Region or persons rom the Region

constitution amendments of india

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