Constitution

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat issues/ideas were

important to the Founding Fathers at the time of the Constitution?

CORNELL NOTESRepublicanism = Citizens rule

through elected representatives

Federalism = power is divided between state gov’ts and national gov’t

Representative democracy

Three Branches 1.Legislative = Congress2.Executive = President3.Judicial = Supreme Court

CORNELL NOTESVirginia Plan

Proposed by James MadisonBicameral legislature (2 houses =

based on population)Favors large states

CORNELL NOTESNew Jersey Plan

Proposed by William PatersonOne house legislature (based on

equal representation)Favors small states

CORNELL NOTESCompromises

Great Compromise Roger ShermanBicameral legislature = House of

Representatives (population) & Senate (equal vote)

3/5 Compromise3/5 of slave population counted

Congress535 total voting members

100 senators

435 representatives

6 non-voting members

House of Representatives

Republican = 245Democratic = 188Vacant = 1

Senate

Republican = 54Democratic = 44Independent (caucusing with Democrats) = 2

CORNELL NOTESBill of Rights

Antifederalists = wanted a written guarantee of protected rights

Federalists = believed in a strong central government

CORNELL NOTESBill of Rights

Amendments 1-10Freedom of speech, No quartering

of troops, etc.

LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based on

your notes.

SUMMARYBased on your notes and direct

instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

What issues/ideas were important to the Founding Fathers at the time of the Constitution?

Activity1. Copy the word count for each section of

the Constitution

2. Calculate the percentage of words in each article out of 4357 total words.

3. Write down the main subject, structure, or power addressed in each article.

4. Map the percentages from the table on your handout by coloring the squares.

1. Each square = 1%2. Use different colors for each Article &

the Preamble

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow did the Founding

Fathers express the 6 big ideas in the Constitution?

6 Big Ideas1. limited government

2.republicanism

3.checks and balances

4.federalism

5.separation of powers

6.popular sovereignty

Constitution1.Preamble (1%)

2.The Legislature (52%)

3.The Executive (23%)

4.The Judiciary (8%)

5.Relations Among States (3%)

6.Amending the Constitution (4%)

7.Ratification (<1%)

8.The Amendments

ActivityOutlining the Big 6 Ideas

Find each Big Idea ONE time in the Constitution

Write down the number of the ARTICLE, SECTION, & CLAUSE you find it in

Write down the quote that expresses the Big Idea

Rephrase the Big Idea in your own words

HOMEWORKFinish Big Idea handout (if

necessary)

Read pages 74-76, 78-79 in textbook and write Cornell Notes

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain the political differences

between Jefferson and Hamilton.

OA #3

Why would small states object to delegates being

assigned according to population?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain the political differences between Jefferson and Hamilton.

Cornell NotesLaunching a New Nation

• First 2-Party System• Federalists --> believed in strong

central gov't (Alexander Hamilton)• Democratic Republicans --> stronger

state gov't (Thomas Jefferson)

Cornell NotesVocal Critics of the Gov't1748: Alien and Sedition ActsAlien Act: Raised residency requirement to become a citizen

Sedition Act: Fine or failed people who spoke negative about gov't

Cornell NotesVirgina & Kentucky ResolutionWritten by Jefferson and

MadisonNullification --> states should

have the power to void laws made by national gov't

LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based

on your notes

SummaryBased on your notes and direct

instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Explain the political differences between Jefferson and Hamilton

OA #4 (new left page)

Explain the fundamental difference in gov’t

philosophies between Federalists and

Democratic Republicans.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Why was the principle of judicial review important

for the future of the Supreme Court?

Cornell Notes

The Jefferson EraJefferson’s Goals

Shrink/simplify the gov’tReduce military & national bank

Louisiana PurchaseUS bought from France ($15M)

CORNELL NOTES

Marbury v. MadisonEstablished judicial review

Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional.

CORNELL NOTESJames Madison

Elected President 1808War of 1812

Causes -- "War Hawks" wanted Canada, Impressment (kidnapping) of US soldiers into British navy

Treaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812Confirms US independenceFederalists party ends

Monroe DoctrineTells Europe to stay out of the Western

Hemisphere

LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based

on your notes

SummaryBased on your notes and direct

instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Why was the principle of judicial review important for the future of the Supreme Court?

OA #5 (new left page)

Describe what you see in the photo.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Why did some people in the 1830s support

Indian Removal?

CORNELL NOTES

The Age of Jackson

• Regional Economies:• North & East --> Industrial

(Textiles)• South & West --> Agricultural• Cotton; Slavery increased

CORNELL NOTESJames Madison wanted to unite U.S.

economically and have economic independenceAmerican System (1815)

1. Protective Tariff (taxes on imported goods)

2. Renew U.S. Merchants (unified currency)

3. Improve Transportation

• Missouri Compromise• Missouri = Slave State• Maine = Free State

CORNELL NOTESJackson's PresidencySpoils System gave gov't jobs to his supporters

Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears800 Miles1/4 of Cherokee died

LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based

on your notes

SummaryBased on your notes and direct

instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Why did some people in the 1830s support Indian

Removal? (Answered after activity)

OA #6 (under OA #5)Today marks the 14th year anniversary of the attacks that occurred on 9/11.

Write about the most important/memorable day of your life. What made that day so special? Explain

***Copy just this part

OA #7 (new left page)

Why do you think leaders are more often criticized rather than supported in difficult

times?

OA #8 (new left page)"our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent alloted by providence for the free development of our dearly multiply by millions." (John Sullivan)

What does this quote mean?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How did Americans justify Westward

Expansion?

CORNELL NOTESMANIFEST DESTINY

• Manifest Destiny – Was the United States' "destiny" to spread to the Pacific Ocean

• Reasons to Expand Westward1. Trade/New Market/Jobs

2. Spread Beliefs/Religion

3. Living Space/New Land

4. Adventure/New Start

5. Resources

CORNELL NOTESTexas Independence

Americans were encouraged to move to Texas by the Mexican gov't

Led to culture clashes with language barriersSlavery was abolished by Mexican gov'tStephen Austin => asks for Texas independence --

> Texas Revolution (Battle at the Alamo)Texas becomes state in 1875

CORNELL NOTESWar in Mexico

John C. FremontTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

US acquired California & New MexicoUS paid $15M to Mexico

Gadsden PurchasePaid $10M for Arizona and rest of New Mexico

LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based

on your notes

SummaryBased on your notes and direct

instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

How did Americans justify Westward Expansion?