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BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN

CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND

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BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANNCONSTITUTION OF IRELAND

D’achtaigh an Pobal an 1 Iúil, 1937Enacted by the People 1st July, 1937

I ngníomh ón 29 Nollaig, 1937In operation as from 29th December, 1937

An téacs seo den Bhunreacht is cóip é den téacs a cuireadh isteachina iris an 27 Bealtaine,1999, de dhroim Airteagal 25.5.2° achamháin maidir leis na nithe seo a leanas :

tá na Forálacha Sealadacha (Airteagail 51-63) fágtha ar lár mara cheanglaítear le téarmaí na nAirteagal sin; athraíodh an téacsGaeilge chun go mbeadh sé de réir na Nua-Ghaeilgecaighdeánaí; tá an fichiú leasú, a achtaíodh tar éis don téacs abheith curtha isteach ina iris, curtha san áireamh; tá nahAirteagail 2 agus 3 nua agus an t-alt 8 nua in Airteagal 29curtha isteach de bhun fhorálacha an Achta um an Naoú LeasúDéag ar an mBunreacht, 1998; tá an t-aonú leasú is fiche, antríú leasú is fiche, an séú leasú is fiche, an seachtú leasú isfiche, an t-ochtú leasú is fiche, an naoú leasú is fiche, antríochadú leasú agus an triú leasú is tríocha, a achtaíodh tar éisdon téacs a bheith curtha isteach ina iris, curtha san áireamhanois. Tugtar Airteagal 64 faoi deara, a thug leasú tríú páirtíisteach, faoi deara sa téacs seo, faoi mar a cheanglaíonn athéarmaí, ar feitheamh éag bliain amháin i ndiaidh lá bunaithena Cúirte Achomhairc. Déantar na leasuithe a rinneadh óachtaíodh an Bunreacht i 1937 suas go dtí tráth clóite aneagráin seo (Feabhra 2015) a liostú thíos.

This text of the Constitution is a copy of the text enrolled on 27May, 1999 pursuant to Article 25.5.2° except that :

the Transitory Provisions (Articles 51-63) are omitted asrequired by their terms; the Irish text has been altered so as tomake it conform to modern standardized Irish; the twentiethamendment, enacted subsequent to enrolment, is incorporated;the new Articles 2 and 3 and the new section 8 in Article 29 areinserted pursuant to the provisions of the NineteenthAmendment of the Constitution Act, 1998; the twenty-first,twenty-third, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth,twenty-ninth, thirtieth and thirty-third amendments enactedsubsequent to enrolment have now been incorporated. Article64, a Transitory Provision, introduced by the thirty-thirdamendment, appears in this text as required by its terms,pending the expiry of one year after the establishment day ofthe Court of Appeal. Amendments effected since theConstitution was enacted in 1937 up to the time of printing ofthis edition (February 2015) are listed below.

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AMENDING ACTS

SHORT TITLE

First Amendment of the Constitution Act,1939 [Extended to conflicts in whichthe State is not a participant theprovision for a state of emergency tosecure the public safety andpreservation of the State in time of waror armed rebellion.]

Second Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1941 [An omnibus proposal,covering a range of disparate Articles,aimed at tidying up the Constitution inthe light of experience since itsenactment.]

Third Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1972 [Allowed the State tobecome a member of the EuropeanCommunities.]

Fourth Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1972 [Reduced the minimumvoting age at Dáil and Presidentialelections and referendums from 21years to 18 years.]

Fifth Amendment of the Constitution Act,1972 [Removed from the Constitutionthe special position of the CatholicChurch and the recognition of othernamed religious denominations.]

Sixth Amendment of the Constitution(Adoption) Act, 1979 [Ensured thatadoption orders made by the AdoptionBoard could not be declared invalidbecause they were not made by acourt.]

iv

DATE OF SIGNATURE

2 September, 1939

30 May, 1941

8 June, 1972

5 January, 1973

5 January, 1973

3 August, 1979

NA HACHTANNA LEASÚCHÁIN

GEARRTHEIDEAL

An tAcht um an gCéad Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1939 [Rinneadh an socrúmaidir le staid phráinne chun slándáilan phobail a chur in áirithe agus chunan Stát a chaomhnú in aimsir chogaidhnó ceannairce faoi arm a leathnú chuigcoinbhleachtaí nach mbeidh an Státpáirteach iontu.]

An tAcht um an Dara Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1941 [Olltogra inarcuimsíodh réimse Airteagal éagsúilagus arbh é ba chuspóir leis slacht achur ar an mBunreacht i bhfianaise nataithí ó achtaíodh é.]

An tAcht um an Tríú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1972 [Ceadaíodh donStát a bheith ina chomhalta de naComhphobail Eorpacha.]

An tAcht um an gCeathrú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1972 [Laghdaíodh anaois íosta vótála i dtoghcháin Dálaagus Uachtaráin agus i reifrinn ó21 bhliain go 18 mbliana.]

An tAcht um an gCúigiú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1972 [Baineadh denBhunreacht ionad speisialta nahEaglaise Caitlicí agus an t-aitheantasd’aicmí ainmnithe eile creidimh.]

An tAcht um an Séú Leasú ar anmBunreacht (Uchtáil), 1979 [Áirithíodhnach bhféadfaí a dhearbhú gurorduithe neamhbhailí iad orduitheuchtála arna ndéanamh ag an mBordUchtála ar an ábhar nach cúirt a rinneiad.]

v

DÁTA SÍNITHE

2 Meán Fómhair, 1939

30 Bealtaine, 1941

8 Meitheamh, 1972

5 Eanáir, 1973

5 Eanáir, 1973

3 Lúnasa, 1979

Seventh Amendment of the Constitution(Election of Members of Seanad Éire-ann by Institutions of HigherEducation) Act, 1979 [Allowed theState to extend the provisions for theelection of members of Seanad Éireannby certain universities to other institu-tions of higher education in the State.]

Eighth Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1983 [Acknowledged the right tolife of the unborn, with due regard tothe equal right to life of the mother.]

Ninth Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1984 [Extended the right to voteat Dáil elections to certain non-Irishnationals.]

Tenth Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1987 [Allowed the State to ratifythe Single European Act.]

Eleventh Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1992 [Allowed the State to ratifythe Treaty on European Union(Maastricht) and to become a memberof that union.]

There is no Twelfth Amendment. On 25 November 1992, three pro-posals were put to the people, theTwelfth, Thirteenth and FourteenthAmendments. The people rejected theTwelfth (which dealt with the right tolife of the unborn) and approved theThirteenth and Fourteenth (below).

vi

3 August, 1979

7 October, 1983

2 August, 1984

22 June, 1987

16 July, 1992

An tAcht um an Seachtú Leasú ar anmBunreacht (Forais Árdoideachais doThoghadh Comhaltaí de SheanadÉireann), 1979 [Ceadaíodh don Stát ansocrú maidir le toghadh comhaltaí deSheanad Éireann ag ollscoileannaagus ag forais eile ardoideachais saStát a leathnú.]

An tAcht um an Ochtú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1983 [Admhaíodh ceartna mbeo gan breith chun a mbeatha,ag féachaint go cuí do chomhcheart namáthar chun a beatha.]

An tAcht um an Naoú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1984 [Leathnaíodh anceart vótála i dtoghcháin Dála chuignáisiúnaigh áirithe neamh-Éireannacha.]

An tAcht um an Deichiú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1987 [Ceadaíodh donStát an Ionstraim Eorpach Aonair adhaingniú.]

An tAcht um an Aonú Leasú Déag ar anmBunreacht, 1992 [Ceadaíodh donStát an Conradh ar an Aontas Eorpach(Maastricht) a dhaingniú agus a bheithina chomhalta den aontas sin.]

Níl aon Dóú Leasú Déag ann. Ar an 25 Samhain, 1992, cuireadh trí thografaoi bhráid an phobail, an Dóú LeasúDéag, an Tríú Leasú Déag agus anCeathrú Leasú Déag. Dhiúltaigh anpobal don Dóú Leasú Déag (a bhain leceart na mbeo gan breith chun ambeatha) agus thoiligh siad leis anTríú Leasú Déag agus leis an gCeathrúLeasú Déag (thíos).

vii

3 Lúnasa, 1979

7 Deireadh Fómhair,1983

2 Lúnasa, 1984

22 Meitheamh, 1987

16 Iúil, 1992

Thirteenth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1992 [Provided that Article40.3.3° (the right to life of the unborn)would not limit freedom to travelbetween Ireland and another state.]

Fourteenth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1992 [Provided that Article40.3.3° (the right to life of the unborn)would not limit freedom to obtain ormake available information relating toservices lawfully available in anotherstate.]

Fifteenth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1995 [Provided for the dis-solution of marriage in certain speci-fied circumstances.]

Sixteenth Amendment of the ConstitutionAct, 1996 [Provided for the refusal ofbail by a court to a person chargedwith a serious offence where it is rea-sonably considered necessary to pre-vent the commission of a seriousoffence by that person.]

Seventeenth Amendment of theConstitution Act, 1997 [Provided thatthe confidentiality of discussions atmeetings of the Government would berespected save only where the HighCourt, in certain specified circum-stances, determined that disclosureshould be made.]

Eighteenth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1998 [Allowed the State toratify the Treaty of Amsterdam.]

viii

23 December, 1992

23 December, 1992

17 June, 1996

12 December, 1996

14 November, 1997

3 June, 1998

An tAcht um an Tríú Leasú Déag ar anmBunreacht, 1992 [Rinneadh socrúnach dteorannódh Airteagal 40.3.3°(ceart na mbeo gan breith chun ambeatha) saoirse chun taisteal idirÉire agus stát eile.]

An tAcht um an gCeathrú Leasú Déag aran mBunreacht, 1992 [Rinneadh socrúnach dteorannódh Airteagal 40.3.3°(ceart na mbeo gan breith chun ambeatha) saoirse chun faisnéis a fháilnó a chur ar fáil maidir le seirbhísí atáar fáil go dleathach i stát eile.]

An tAcht um an gCúigiú Leasú Déag aran mBunreacht, 1995 [Rinneadh socrúmaidir le pósadh a scaoileadh inimthosca sonraithe áirithe.]

An tAcht um an Séú Leasú Déag ar an mBunreacht, 1996 [Rinneadh socrúchun go bhféadfadh cúirt bannaí adhiúltú do dhuine atá cúisithe i gciontromaí sa chás go measfar le réasún éa bheith riachtanach chun an duine sina chosc ar chion tromaí a dhéanamh.]

An tAcht um an Seachtú Leasú Déag aran mBunreacht, 1997 [Rinneadh socrúgo ndéanfaí rúndacht na bpléití agcruinnithe den Rialtas a urramú achamháin i gcás ina gcinnfeadh an Ard-Chúirt, in imthosca sonraithe áirithe,gur ceart nochtadh a dhéanamh.]

An tAcht um an Ochtú Leasú Déag ar anmBunreacht, 1998 [Ceadaíodh donStát Conradh Amstardam adhaingniú.]

ix

23 Nollaig, 1992

23 Nollaig, 1992

17 Meitheamh, 1996

12 Nollaig, 1996

14 Samhain, 1997

3 Meitheamh, 1998

Nineteenth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1998 [Allowed the State toconsent to be bound by the British-Irish Agreement done at Belfast on 10April 1998 and provided that certainfurther amendments to theConstitution, notably to Articles 2 and3, would come into effect when thatagreement entered into force.]

Twentieth Amendment of the Consti-tution Act, 1999 [Provided constitu-tional recognition of the role of localgovernment and that local electionsare held at least every five years.]

Twenty-first Amendment of theConstitution Act, 2001 [Prohibited thedeath penalty and provided for theremoval of references to the deathpenalty.]

There is no Twenty-second Amend-ment. The Twenty-second Amend-ment of the Constitution Bill, 2001[relating to the removal of a judge fromoffice and providing for a body to beestablished by law to investigate orcause to be investigated conduct con-stituting misbehaviour by a judge oraffected by incapacity of a judge] wasnot passed by the Houses of theOireachtas.

Twenty-third Amendment of theConstitution Act, 2001 [Allowed theState to ratify the Rome Statute of theInternational Criminal Court.]

x

3 June, 1998

23 June, 1999

27 March, 2002

27 March, 2002

An tAcht um an Naoú Leasú Déag ar anmBunreacht, 1998 [Ceadaíodh donStát a thoiliú a bheith faoi cheangal agComhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann,arna dhéanamh i mBéal Feirste an 10Aibreán, 1998, agus rinneadh socrú gombeadh éifeacht ag leasuithe breise aran mBunreacht, go háirithe arAirteagail 2 agus 3, nuair a bheadhfeidhm ag an gcomhaontú sin.]

An tAcht um an bhFichiú Leasú ar anmBunreacht, 1999 [Rinneadh socrúmaidir le haitheantas bunreachta donról atá ag rialtas áitiúil agus gondéanfar toghcháin áitiúla gach cúigbliana ar a laghad.]

An tAcht um an Aonú Leasú is Fiche aran mBunreacht, 2001 [Toirmeasc arphionós an bháis agus tagairtí abhaineann le pionós an bháis ascriosadh.]

Níl aon Dóú Leasú is Fiche ar anmBunreacht ann. Níor rith Tithe anOireachtais an Bille um an Dóú Leasúis Fiche ar an mBunreacht, 2001 [abhain le breitheamh a chur as oifigagus ina raibh socrú maidir lecomhlacht a bhunú le dlí chunimscrúdú a dhéanamh, nó chun a churfaoi deara imscrúdú a dhéanamh, ariompar is mí-iompar ag breitheamh nóar iompar dá ndéanann éagumas arthaobh breithimh difear dó].

An tAcht um an Tríú Leasú is Fiche ar anmBunreacht, 2001 [Ceadaíodh donStát Reacht na Róimhe den ChúirtChoiriúil Idirnáisiúnta a dhaingniú.]

xi

3 Meitheamh, 1998

23 Meitheamh, 1999

27 Márta, 2002

27 Márta, 2002

There is no Twenty-fourth Amend-ment. On 7 June, 2001, three propos-als were put to the people, the Twenty-first, Twenty-third and Twenty-fourthAmendments. The people rejected theTwenty-fourth [which dealt with theTreaty of Nice] and approved theTwenty-first and Twenty-third (above).

There is no Twenty-fifth Amendment. On6 March, 2002, a proposal for theTwenty-fifth Amendment to theConstitution was put to the people andwas rejected [Protection of HumanLife in Pregnancy.]

Twenty-sixth Amendment of theConstitution Act, 2002 [Allowed theState to ratify the Treaty of Nice.]

Twenty-seventh Amendment of theConstitution Act 2004 [Irishcitizenship of children of non-nationalparents]

Twenty-Eighth Amendment of theConstitution (Treaty of Lisbon) Act2009 [Allowed the State to ratify theTreaty of Lisbon]

Twenty-Ninth Amendment of theConstitution (Judges’ Remuneration)Act 2011 [Amended section 5 ofArticle 35 of the Constitution]

Thirtieth Amendment of the Constitution(Treaty on Stability, Co-ordinationand Governance in the Economic andMonetary Union) Act 2012 [Allowedthe State to ratify the Treaty onStability, Co-ordination andGovernance in the Economic andMonetary Union]

xii

7 November, 2002

24 June, 2004

15 October, 2009

17 November, 2011

27 June 2012

Níl aon Cheathrú Leasú is Fiche ar anmBunreacht ann. Ar an 7 Meitheamh,2001, cuireadh trí thogra faoi bhráidan phobail, is é sin le rá, an tAonúLeasú is Fiche, an Tríú Leasú is Ficheagus an Ceathrú Leasú is Fiche.Dhiúltaigh an pobal don CeathrúLeasú is Fiche [a dhéileáil le ConradhNice] agus thoiligh an pobal leis anAonú Leasú is Fiche agus leis an TríúLeasú is Fiche (thuas).

Níl aon Chúigiú Leasú is Fiche ann. Aran 6 Márta, 2002, cuireadhtogra maidir leis an gCúigiú Leasú isFiche ar an mBunreacht faoi bhráid anphobail agus diúltaíodh dó [BeathaDhaonna le linn Toirchis a Chosaint.]

An tAcht um an Séú Leasú is Fiche ar anmBunreacht, 2002. [Ceadaíodh donStát Conradh Nice a dhaingniú.]

An tAcht um an Seachtú Leasú is Fiche aran mBunreacht, 2004. [Saoránachtleanaí a bhfuil tuismitheoiri acu nachnáisiúnaigh iad].

An tAcht um an Ochtú Leasú is Fiche aran mBunreacht (Conradh Liospóin)2009 [Lenar ceadaíodh don StátConradh Liospóin a dhaingniú].

An tAcht um an Naoú Leasú is Fiche aran mBunreacht (Luach SaothairBreithiúna), 2011 [alt 5 d’Airteagal 35den Bhunreacht]

An tAcht um an Tríochadú Leasú ar anmBunreacht (An Conradh arChobhsaíocht, ar Chomhordú agus arRialachas san Aontas Eacnamaíochagus Airgeadaíochta), 2012 [Lenarceadaíodh don Stát Conradh arChobhsaíocht, ar Chomhordú agus arRialachas san Aontas Eacnamaíochagus Airgeadaíochta a dhaingniú].

xiii

7 Samhain, 2002

24 Meitheamh, 2004

15 Deireadh Fómhair2009

17 Samhain 2011

27 Meitheamh 2012

xiv

Thirty-first Amendment of theConstitution (Children) Bill 2012 [toprovide for an Article expresslyrelating to children]. The result of thereferendum is currently the subject ofa legal challenge.

There is no Thirty-second Amendment.On 4 October 2013, a proposal for theThirty-second Amendment to theConstitution was put to the people andwas rejected [Abolition of SeanadEireann].

Thirty-third Amendment of theConstitution (Court of Appeal) Act2013 [provided for the establishmentof a Court of Appeal].

1 November 2013

xv

An tAcht um an Aonú Leasú is Tríochaar an mBunreacht (Leanaí) 2012[chun foráil a dhéanamh d’Airteagala bhaineann go sainráite le leanaí].Tá toradh an reifrinn ina ábhar agóiddhlíthiúil faoi láthair.

Níl aon Dara Leasú is Tríocha ann.Cuireadh togra maidir leis an DaraLeasú is Tríocha a dhéanamh ar anmBunreacht [Deireadh a chur leSeanad Éireann] os comhair nandaoine agus diúltaíodh dó.

An tAcht um an Tríú Leasú is Tríocha aran mBunreacht (Cúirt Achomhairc),2013 [Rinneadh socrú chun CúirtAchomhairc a bhunú].

1 Samhain 2013

CONTENTSArticles Page

PREAMBLE 2

1-3 THE NATION 4

4-11 THE STATE 6

12-14 THE PRESIDENT 14

15-27 THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT 36

15 CONSTITUTION AND POWERS 36

16-17 DÁIL ÉIREANN 46

18-19 SEANAD ÉIREANN 54

20-27 LEGISLATION 62

28 THE GOVERNMENT 94

28A LOCAL GOVERNMENT 106

29 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 108

30 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 120

31-32 THE COUNCIL OF STATE 124

33 THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL 130

34-37 THE COURTS 132

38-39 TRIAL OF OFFENCES 148

40-44 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 152

40 PERSONAL RIGHTS 152

41 THE FAMILY 162

42 EDUCATION 166

43 PRIVATE PROPERTY 170

44 RELIGION 172

45 DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL POLICY 174

46 AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION 180

47 THE REFERENDUM 182

48-50 REPEAL OF CONSTITUTION OF SAORSTÁTÉIREANN AND CONTINUANCE OF LAWS 184

INDEX 215

xvi

CLÁRAirteagail Leathanach

BROLLACH 3

1-3 AN NÁISIÚN 5

4-11 AN STÁT 7

12-14 AN tUACHTARÁN 15

15-27 AN PHARLAIMINT NÁISIÚNTA 37

15 COMHDHÉANAMH AGUS CUMHACHTAÍ 37

16-17 DÁIL ÉIREANN 47

18-19 SEANAD ÉIREANN 55

20-27 REACHTAÍOCHT 63

28 AN RIALTAS 95

28A RIALTAS ÁITIÚIL 107

29 CAIDREAMH IDIRNÁISIÚNTA 109

30 AN tARD-AIGHNE 121

31-32 AN CHOMHAIRLE STÁIT 125

33 AN tARD-REACHTAIRE CUNTAS AGUS CISTE 131

34-37 NA CÚIRTEANNA 133

38-39 TRIAIL I GCIONTA 149

40-44 BUNCHEARTA 153

40 CEARTA PEARSANTA 153

41 AN TEAGHLACH 163

42 OIDEACHAS 167

43 MAOIN PHRÍOBHÁIDEACH 171

44 CREIDEAMH 173

45 BUNTREORACHA DO BHEARTAS CHOMHDHAONNACH 175

46 AN BUNREACHT A LEASÚ 181

47 AN REIFREANN 183

48-50 BUNREACHT SHAORSTÁT ÉIREANN AAISGHAIRM AGUS DLÍTHE A BHUANÚ 185

TREOIR 190

xvii


CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND


In the Name of the Most Holy Trinity, from Whomis all authority and to Whom, as our final end, allactions both of men and States must be referred,

We, the people of Éire,Humbly acknowledging all our obligations to our

Divine Lord, Jesus Christ, Who sustained our fathersthrough centuries of trial,

Gratefully remembering their heroic andunremitting struggle to regain the rightfulindependence of our Nation,

And seeking to promote the common good, withdue observance of Prudence, Justice and Charity, sothat the dignity and freedom of the individual may beassured, true social order attained, the unity of ourcountry restored, and concord established with othernations,

Do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves thisConstitution.


In Ainm na Tríonóide Ró-Naofa is tobar don uileúdarás agus gur chuici, ós í is críoch dheireanachdúinn, is dírithe ní amháin gníomhartha daoine achgníomhartha Stát,

Ar mbeith dúinne, muintir na hÉireann, ag admháilgo huiríseal a mhéid atáimid faoi chomaoin ag ÍosaCríost, ár dTiarna Dia, a thug comhfhurtacht dár sinsiri ngach cruatan ina rabhadar ar feadh na gcéadtabliain,

Agus ar mbeith dúinn ag cuimhneamh go buíoch ara chalmacht a rinneadarsan troid gan staonadh chunan neamhspleáchas is dual dár Náisiún a bhaint amach,

Agus ar mbeith dúinn á chur romhainn an mhaitheasphoiblí a chur ar aghaidh maille le Críonnacht agus lehIonracas agus le Carthanacht de réir mar is cuí, ionasgo dtiocfaidh linn a uaisleacht agus a shaoirse a churin áirithe do gach aon duine, saol ceart comhdhaonnach a bhunú, aiseag a haontachta a thabhairt dár dtír, aguscomhcharadra a dhéanamh le náisiúin eile,

Atáimid leis seo ag gabháil an Bhunreachta seochugainn, agus á achtú agus á thíolacadh dúinn féin.

THE NATION

4

THE NATION

ARTICLE 1

The Irish nation hereby affirms its inalienable,indefeasible, and sovereign right to choose its ownform of Government, to determine its relations withother nations, and to develop its life, political,economic and cultural, in accordance with its owngenius and traditions.

ARTICLE 2

It is the entitlement and birthright of every personborn in the island of Ireland, which includes itsislands and seas, to be part of the Irish Nation. That isalso the entitlement of all persons otherwise qualifiedin accordance with law to be citizens of Ireland.Furthermore, the Irish nation cherishes its specialaffinity with people of Irish ancestry living abroadwho share its cultural identity and heritage.

ARTICLE 3

1 It is the firm will of the Irish Nation, in harmonyand friendship, to unite all the people who sharethe territory of the island of Ireland, in all thediversity of their identities and traditions, recognis-

AN NÁISIÚN

5

AN NÁISIÚN

AIRTEAGAL 1

Deimhníonn náisiún na hÉireann leis seo a gceartdoshannta, dochloíte, ceannasach chun cibé cineálRialtais is rogha leo féin a bhunú, chun a gcaidreamhle náisiúin eile a chinneadh, agus chun a saolpolaitíochta is geilleagair is saíochta a chur ar aghaidhde réir dhúchais is gnás a sinsear.

AIRTEAGAL 2

Tá gach duine a shaolaítear in oileán na hÉireann, ara n-áirítear a oileáin agus a fharraigí, i dteideal, agustá de cheart oidhreachta aige nó aici, a bheithpáirteach i náisiún na hÉireann. Tá an teideal sinfreisin ag na daoine go léir atá cáilithe ar shlí eile deréir dlí chun bheith ina saoránaigh d’Éirinn. Inatheannta sin, is mór ag náisiún na hÉireann achoibhneas speisialta le daoine de bhunadh nahÉireann atá ina gcónaí ar an gcoigríoch agus arbionann féiniúlacht agus oidhreacht chultúir dóibhagus do náisiún na hÉireann.

AIRTEAGAL 3

1 Is í toil dhiongbháilte náisiún na hÉireann, gosítheach cairdiúil, na daoine go léir achomhroinneann críoch oileán na hÉireann i bpáirtlena chéile, in éagsúlacht uile a bhféiniúlachtaí agus

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ARTICLE 3 (continued)

ing that a united Ireland shall be brought about onlyby peaceful means with the consent of a majorityof the people, democratically expressed, in bothjurisdictions in the island. Until then, the lawsenacted by the Parliament established by thisConstitution shall have the like area and extent ofapplication as the laws enacted by the Parliamentthat existed immediately before the coming intooperation of this Constitution.

2 Institutions with executive powers and functionsthat are shared between those jurisdictions maybe established by their respective responsibleauthorities for stated purposes and may exercisepowers and functions in respect of all or any partof the island.

THE STATE

ARTICLE 4

The name of the State is Éire, or, in the Englishlanguage, Ireland.

ARTICLE 5

Ireland is a sovereign, independent, democratic state.

AN STÁT

7

AIRTEAGAL 3 (ar leanúint)

a dtraidisiún, a aontú, á aithint gur trí mhodhannasíochánta amháin le toiliú thromlach na ndaoine, áchur in iúl go daonlathach, sa dá dhlínse san oileán,a dhéanfar Éire aontaithe a thabhairt i gcrích. Godtí sin, bainfidh na dlíthe a achtófar ag anbParlaimint a bhunaítear leis an mBunreacht seoleis an limistéar feidhme céanna, agus beidh anraon feidhme céanna acu, lenar bhain na dlíthe,agus a bhí ag na dlíthe, a d’achtaigh anPharlaimint a bhí ar marthain díreach roimhtheacht i ngníomh don Bhunreacht seo.

2 Féadfaidh údaráis fhreagracha faoi seach na ndlínsísin institiúidí ag a mbeidh cumhachtaí agusfeidhmeanna feidhmiúcháin a chomhroinntearidir na dlínsí sin a bhunú chun críoch sonraitheagus féadfaidh na hinstitiúidí sin cumhachtaí agusfeidhmeanna a fheidhmiú i leith an oileáin ar fadnó i leith aon chuid de.

AN STÁT

AIRTEAGAL 4

Éire is ainm don Stát nó, sa Sacs-Bhéarla, Ireland.

AIRTEAGAL 5

Is Stát ceannasach, neamhspleách, daonlathach Éire.

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8

ARTICLE 6

1 All powers of government, legislative, executiveand judicial, derive, under God, from the people,whose right it is to designate the rulers of theState and, in final appeal, to decide all questionsof national policy, according to the requirementsof the common good.

2 These powers of government are exercisable onlyby or on the authority of the organs of Stateestablished by this Constitution.

ARTICLE 7

The national flag is the tricolour of green, white andorange.

ARTICLE 8

1 The Irish language as the national language is thefirst official language.

2 The English language is recognised as a secondofficial language.

3 Provision may, however, be made by law for theexclusive use of either of the said languages forany one or more official purposes, eitherthroughout the State or in any part thereof.

AN STÁT

9

AIRTEAGAL 6

1 Is ón bpobal, faoi Dhia, a thagas gach cumhachtriala, idir reachtaíocht is comhallacht is breithiúnas,agus is ag an bpobal atá sé de cheart rialtóirí anStáit a cheapadh, agus is faoin bpobal faoi dheoidhatá gach ceist i dtaobh beartas an Náisiúin ashocrú de réir mar is gá chun leasa an phobail.

2 Is leis na horgain Stáit a chuirtear ar bun leis anmBunreacht seo, agus leo sin amháin nó lenan-údarás, is féidir na cumhachtaí riala sin a oibriú.

AIRTEAGAL 7

An bhratach trí dhath .i. uaine, bán, agus flannbhuí, ansuaitheantas náisiúnta.

AIRTEAGAL 8

1 Ós í an Ghaeilge an teanga náisiúnta is í anphríomhtheanga oifigiúil í.

2 Glactar leis an Sacs-Bhéarla mar theanga oifigiúileile.

3 Ach féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí d’fhonnceachtar den dá theanga sin a bheith ina haonteangale haghaidh aon ghnó nó gnóthaí oifigiúla ar fudan Stáit ar fad nó in aon chuid de.

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ARTICLE 9

1 1° On the coming into operation of thisConstitution any person who was a citizen ofSaorstát Éireann immediately before the cominginto operation of this Constitution shall becomeand be a citizen of Ireland.

2° The future acquisition and loss of Irishnationality and citizenship shall be determined inaccordance with law.

3° No person may be excluded from Irishnationality and citizenship by reason of the sex ofsuch person.

2 1° Notwithstanding any other provision of thisConstitution, a person born in the island ofIreland, which includes its islands and seas, whodoes not have, at the time of the birth of thatperson, at least one parent who is an Irish citizenor entitled to be an Irish citizen is not entitled toIrish citizenship or nationality, unless providedfor by law.

2° This section shall not apply to persons bornbefore the date of the enactment of this section,

3 Fidelity to the nation and loyalty to the State arefundamental political duties of all citizens.

AN STÁT

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AIRTEAGAL 9

1 1° Ar theacht i ngníomh don Bhunreacht seo issaoránach d’Éirinn aon duine ba shaoránach deShaorstát Éireann díreach roimh theacht ingníomh don Bhunreacht seo.

2° Is de réir dlí a chinnfear fáil agus cailleadhnáisiúntacht agus saoránacht Éireann feasta.

3° Ní cead náisiúntacht agus saoránacht Éireann acheilt ar dhuine ar bith toisc gur fireann nó toiscgur baineann an duine sin.

2 1° D’ainneoin aon fhorála eile den Bhunreachtseo, maidir le duine a shaolaítear in oileán nahÉireann, ar a n-áirítear a oileáin agus a fharraigí,agus nach bhfuil aige nó aici, an tráth ashaolaítear an duine sin, tuismitheoir amháin ar alaghad is saoránach d’Éirinn nó atá i dteideal abheith ina shaoránach nó ina saoránach d’Éirinn,níl teideal ag an duine sin chun saoránacht nónáisiúntacht Éireann, mura ndéanfar socrú inachomhair sin le dlí.

2° Ní bhainfidh an t-alt seo le daoine a saolaíodhroimh dháta achtaithe an ailt seo.

3 Is bundualgas polaitiúil ar gach saoránach bheithdílis don náisiún agus tairiseach don Stát.

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ARTICLE 10

1 All natural resources, including the air and allforms of potential energy, within the jurisdictionof the Parliament and Government established bythis Constitution and all royalties and franchiseswithin that jurisdiction belong to the State subjectto all estates and interests therein for the timebeing lawfully vested in any person or body.

2 All land and all mines, minerals and waters whichbelonged to Saorstát Éireann immediately beforethe coming into operation of this Constitutionbelong to the State to the same extent as they thenbelonged to Saorstát Éireann.

3 Provision may be made by law for themanagement of the property which belongs to theState by virtue of this Article and for the controlof the alienation, whether temporary orpermanent, of that property.

4 Provision may also be made by law for themanagement of land, mines, minerals and watersacquired by the State after the coming intooperation of this Constitution and for the controlof the alienation, whether temporary or permanent,of the land, mines, minerals and waters so acquired.

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AIRTEAGAL 10

1 Gach ábhar maoine nádúrtha, mar aon leis an aeragus gach ábhar fuinnimh, dá bhfuil faoi dhlínsena Parlaiminte agus an Rialtais a bhunaítear leisan mBunreacht seo, maille le gach ríchíos agusdíolúine dá bhfuil faoin dlínse sin, is leis an Státiad uile, gan dochar do cibé eastáit agus leasannais le haon duine nó le haon dream go dleathach inalt na huaire.

2 Gach talamh agus gach mianach, mianra, agusuisce ba le Saorstát Éireann díreach roimh theachti ngníomh don Bhunreacht seo is leis an Stát iaduile sa mhéid go mba le Saorstát Éireann an uairsin iad.

3 Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun bainistí adhéanamh ar an maoin is leis an Stát de bhua anAirteagail seo, agus chun sannadh buan nósannadh sealadach na maoine sin a rialú.

4 Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí, fairis sin, chunbainistí a dhéanamh ar thalamh, ar mhianaigh, armhianraí agus ar uiscí a thiocfas i seilbh an Stáitd’éis teacht i ngníomh don Bhunreacht seo, aguschun sannadh buan nó sannadh sealadach na talún,na mianach, na mianraí agus na n-uiscí a thiocfasina sheilbh amhlaidh a rialú.

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ARTICLE 11

All revenues of the State from whatever source arisingshall, subject to such exception as may be provided bylaw, form one fund, and shall be appropriated for thepurposes and in the manner and subject to the chargesand liabilities determined and imposed by law.

THE PRESIDENT

ARTICLE 12

1 There shall be a President of Ireland (Uachtaránna hÉireann), hereinafter called the President,who shall take precedence over all other personsin the State and who shall exercise and performthe powers and functions conferred on thePresident by this Constitution and by law.

2 1° The President shall be elected by direct vote ofthe people.

2° Every citizen who has the right to vote at anelection for members of Dáil Éireann shall havethe right to vote at an election for President.

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AIRTEAGAL 11

Ní foláir cíos uile an Stáit cibé bunadh atá leis, achamháin an chuid sin de ar a ndéantar eisceacht le dlí,a chur in aon chiste amháin agus é a leithghabháilchun na gcríocha agus ar an modh, a chinntear le dlíagus faoi chuimsiú na muirear agus na bhféichiúnas aghearrtar le dlí.

AN tUACHTARÁN

AIRTEAGAL 12

1 Beidh Uachtarán ar Éirinn (.i. Uachtarán nahÉireann), ar a dtugtar an tUachtarán sa Bhunreachtseo feasta; beidh tosach aige ar gach uile dhuinesa Stát, agus ní foláir dó na cumhachtaí agus nafeidhmeanna a bheirtear don Uachtarán leis anmBunreacht seo agus le dlí a oibriú agus achomhlíonadh.

2 1° Le vóta lomdíreach an phobail a thoghfar antUachtarán.

2° Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil ceart vótála idtoghchán do chomhaltaí de Dháil Éireann, beidhceart vótála aige i dtoghchán don Uachtarán.

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3° The voting shall be by secret ballot and on thesystem of proportional representation by meansof the single transferable vote.

3 1° The President shall hold office for seven yearsfrom the date upon which he enters upon his office,unless before the expiration of that period he dies,or resigns, or is removed from office, or becomespermanently incapacitated, such incapacity beingestablished to the satisfaction of the Supreme Courtconsisting of not less than five judges.

2° A person who holds, or who has held, office asPresident, shall be eligible for re-election to thatoffice once, but only once.

3° An election for the office of President shall beheld not later than, and not earlier than the sixtiethday before, the date of the expiration of the termof office of every President, but in the event of theremoval from office of the President or of hisdeath, resignation, or permanent incapacityestablished as aforesaid (whether occurringbefore or after he enters upon his office), anelection for the office of President shall be heldwithin sixty days after such event.

4 1° Every citizen who has reached his thirty-fifthyear of age is eligible for election to the office ofPresident.

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3° Is le rúnbhallóid agus de réir na hionadaíochtacionúire agus ar mhodh an aonghutha inaistrithe adhéanfar an vótáil.

3 1° Beidh an tUachtarán i seilbh oifige go ceannseacht mbliana ón lá a rachaidh i gcúram a oifigemura dtarlaí roimh dheireadh an téarma sin go n-éagfaidh nó go n-éireoidh as oifig nó go gcuirfearas oifig é, nó go ngabhfaidh míthreoir bhuan é agusgo suífear sin go sásamh na Cúirte Uachtaraí agus ícomhdhéanta de chúigear breitheamh ar a laghad.

2° Duine atá nó a bhí ina Uachtarán, is intofachun na hoifige sin é aon uair amháin eile, ach sina mbeidh.

3° Ní foláir toghchán d’oifig an Uachtaráin adhéanamh lá nach déanaí ná dáta dheireadhthéarma oifige gach Uachtaráin ar leith agus nachluaithe ná an seascadú lá roimh an dáta sin, achmá chuirtear an tUachtarán as oifig, nó mátharlaíonn dó (roimh é a dhul i gcúram a oifige nódá éis sin) é d’éag nó é d’éirí as nó míthreoirbhuan arna suíomh mar a dúradh dá ghabháil, nífoláir toghchán d’oifig an Uachtaráin a dhéanamhtaobh istigh de sheasca lá tar éis an ní sin a tharlú.

4 1° Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil cúig blianatríochad slán, is intofa chun oifig an Uachtaráin é.

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2° Every candidate for election, not a former orretiring President, must be nominated either by:

i not less than twenty persons, each of whom isat the time a member of one of the Houses ofthe Oireachtas, or

ii by the Councils of not less than fouradministrative Counties (including CountyBoroughs) as defined by law.

3° No person and no such Council shall beentitled to subscribe to the nomination of morethan one candidate in respect of the same election.

4° Former or retiring Presidents may becomecandidates on their own nomination.

5° Where only one candidate is nominated for theoffice of President it shall not be necessary toproceed to a ballot for his election.

5 Subject to the provisions of this Article, electionsfor the office of President shall be regulated bylaw.

6 1° The President shall not be a member of eitherHouse of the Oireachtas.

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2° Gach iarrthóir d’oifig an Uachtaráin, seachasduine atá nó a bhí ina Uachtarán cheana, is uathuseo a leanas nach foláir a ainmniú a theacht:

i fiche duine ar a laghad agus gach duine faoileith díobh sin ina chomhalta, in alt na huaire,de Theach de Thithe an Oireachtais, nó

ii Comhairlí ceithre Chontae riaracháin ar alaghad (agus Contae-Bhuirgí a áireamh) mara mhínítear le dlí.

3° Ní cead d’aon duine ná d’aon Chomhairledíobh sin bheith páirteach in ainmniú breis is aoniarrthóir amháin d’oifig an Uachtaráin san aon-toghchán.

4° Tig le haon duine atá nó a bhí ina Uachtarán éféin a ainmniú d’oifig an Uachtaráin.

5° Nuair nach n-ainmnítear d’oifig an Uachtaráinach aon iarrthóir amháin, ní gá vótáil chun é athoghadh.

5 Faoi chuimsiú forálacha an Airteagail seo is le dlía rialófar toghcháin d’oifig an Uachtaráin.

6 1° Ní cead an tUachtarán a bheith ina chomhaltade Dháil Éireann ná de Sheanad Éireann.

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2° If a member of either House of the Oireachtasbe elected President, he shall be deemed to havevacated his seat in that House.

3° The President shall not hold any other officeor position of emolument.

7 The first President shall enter upon his office assoon as may be after his election, and everysubsequent President shall enter upon his officeon the day following the expiration of the term ofoffice of his predecessor or as soon as may bethereafter or, in the event of his predecessor’sremoval from office, death, resignation, orpermanent incapacity established as provided bysection 3 hereof, as soon as may be after theelection.

8 The President shall enter upon his office by takingand subscribing publicly, in the presence ofmembers of both Houses of the Oireachtas, ofJudges of the Supreme Court, of the Court of Appealand of the High Court, and other public personages,the following declaration:

“In the presence of Almighty God I ,do solemnly and sincerely promise and declarethat I will maintain the Constitution of Ireland

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2° Má thoghtar comhalta de cheachtar de Thithean Oireachtais chun bheith ina Uachtarán, ní foláira mheas go bhfuil scartha aige le comhaltas an Tísin.

3° Ní cead don Uachtarán aon oifig ná postsochair a bheith aige seachas a oifig Uachtaráin.

7 Ní foláir don chéad Uachtarán dul i gcúram a oifigechomh luath agus is féidir é tar éis é a thoghadh,agus ní foláir do gach Uachtarán dá éis sin dul igcúram a oifige an lá i ndiaidh deireadh théarmaoifige a réamhtheachtaí nó chomh luath agus isféidir é dá éis sin nó, má tharlaíonn dá réamh-theachtaí go gcuirfear as oifig é nó go n-éagfaidhnó go n-éireoidh as oifig nó neachtar acu gongabhfaidh míthreoir bhuan é agus go suífear sinmar a shocraítear le halt 3 den Airteagal seo, chomhluath agus is féidir é tar éis an toghcháin.

8 Is é slí a rachaidh an tUachtarán i gcúram a oifigená leis an dearbhú seo a leanas a dhéanamh gopoiblí agus a lámh a chur leis i bhfianaisechomhaltaí den dá Theach den Oireachtas, agusbreithiúna den Chúirt Uachtarach, den ChúirtAchomhairc agus den Ard-Chúirt agus maithepoiblí eile:

“I láthair Dia na nUilechumhacht, táimse,, á ghealladh agus á

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and uphold its laws, that I will fulfil my dutiesfaithfully and conscientiously in accordance withthe Constitution and the law, and that I will dedicatemy abilities to the service and welfare of the peopleof Ireland. May God direct and sustain me.”

9 The President shall not leave the State during histerm of office save with the consent of theGovernment.

10 1° The President may be impeached for statedmisbehaviour.

2° The charge shall be preferred by either of theHouses of the Oireachtas, subject to and inaccordance with the provisions of this section.

3° A proposal to either House of the Oireachtas toprefer a charge against the President under thissection shall not be entertained unless upon anotice of motion in writing signed by not less thanthirty members of that House.

4° No such proposal shall be adopted by either ofthe Houses of the Oireachtas save upon aresolution of that House supported by not lessthan two-thirds of the total membership thereof.

AN tUACHTARÁN

23

dhearbhú go sollúnta is go fírinneach bheith i moAIRTEAGAL 12 (ar leanúint)

thaca agus i mo dhídin do Bhunreacht Éireann, agusa dlíthe a chaomhnú, mo dhualgais a chomhlíonadhgo dílis coinsiasach de réir an Bhunreachta is an dlí,agus mo lándícheall a dhéanamh ar son leasa isfónaimh mhuintir na hÉireann. Dia do mo stiúradhagus do mo chumhdach.”

9 Ní cead don Uachtarán imeacht ón Stát le linn é abheith in oifig, ach amháin le toil an Rialtais.

10 1° Féadfar an tUachtarán a tháinseamh as uchtmí-iompair a luafar.

2° Ceachtar de Thithe an Oireachtais a dhéanfasan cúiseamh agus is faoi chuimsiú agus de réirforálacha an ailt seo a dhéanfar é.

3° Má thairgtear do cheachtar de Thithe anOireachtais cúis a thabhairt in aghaidh anUachtaráin faoin alt seo ní cead aird a thabhairt aran tairiscint sin ach amháin de bharr fógratairisceana i scríbhinn faoi láimh tríocha comhaltaar a laghad den Teach sin.

4° Ní cead do cheachtar de Thithe an Oireachtaisglacadh le haon tairiscint den sórt sin ach amháinde bharr rúin ón Teach sin lena mbeidh tacaíochtdhá thrian ar a laghad dá lánchomhaltas.

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5° When a charge has been preferred by eitherHouse of the Oireachtas, the other House shallinvestigate the charge, or cause the charge to beinvestigated.

6° The President shall have the right to appear andto be represented at the investigation of thecharge.

7° If, as a result of the investigation, a resolutionbe passed supported by not less than two-thirds ofthe total membership of the House of theOireachtas by which the charge was investigated,or caused to be investigated, declaring that thecharge preferred against the President has beensustained and that the misbehaviour, the subjectof the charge, was such as to render him unfit tocontinue in office, such resolution shall operate toremove the President from his office.

11 1° The President shall have an official residencein or near the City of Dublin.

2° The President shall receive such emolumentsand allowances as may be determined by law.

3° The emoluments and allowances of thePresident shall not be diminished during his termof office.

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5° Má dhéanann ceachtar de Thithe anOireachtais cúiseamh faoin alt seo ní foláir donTeach eile an chúis a scrúdú nó an chúis a chur áscrúdú.

6° Beidh de cheart ag an Uachtarán bheith iláthair agus lucht tagartha a bheith aige ar anscrúdú sin.

7° Más é toradh an scrúdaithe sin go rithfear rún,le tacaíocht dhá thrian ar a laghad delánchomhaltas an Tí den Oireachtas a scrúdaighan chúis nó a chuir an chúis á scrúdú, á dhearbhúgur suíodh an chúis a tugadh in aghaidh anUachtaráin agus, an mí-iompar ba shiocair donchúiseamh, gur mí-iompar é a bhfuil antUachtarán neamhoiriúnach dá dheasca chunfanacht i seilbh oifige, is é is feidhm don rún sinan tUachtarán a chur as oifig.

11 1° Beidh stát-áras ag an Uachtarán i gcathairBhaile Átha Cliath nó ar a cóngar.

2° Gheobhaidh an tUachtarán sochair agusliúntais faoi mar a chinnfear le dlí.

3° Ní cead laghdú a dhéanamh ar shochair ná arliúntais an Uachtaráin le linn é a bheith in oifig.

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ARTICLE 13

1 1° The President shall, on the nomination of DáilÉireann, appoint the Taoiseach, that is, the head ofthe Government or Prime Minister.

2° The President shall, on the nomination of theTaoiseach with the previous approval of DáilÉireann, appoint the other members of the Govern-ment.

3° The President shall, on the advice of theTaoiseach, accept the resignation or terminate theappointment of any member of the Government.

2 1° Dáil Éireann shall be summoned and dissolvedby the President on the advice of the Taoiseach.

2° The President may in his absolute discretionrefuse to dissolve Dáil Éireann on the advice of aTaoiseach who has ceased to retain the support ofa majority in Dáil Éireann.

3° The President may at any time, afterconsultation with the Council of State, convene ameeting of either or both of the Houses of theOireachtas.

3 1° Every Bill passed or deemed to have beenpassed by both Houses of the Oireachtas shallrequire the signature of the President for itsenactment into law.

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27

AIRTEAGAL 13

1 1° Ceapfaidh an tUachtarán an Taoiseach .i. anCeann Rialtais nó an Príomh-Aire, arna ainmniúsin ag Dáil Éireann.

2° Arna n-ainmniú ag an Taoiseach le comhaontúDháil Éireann roimh ré, ceapfaidh an tUachtaránna comhaltaí eile den Rialtas.

3° Ar chomhairle an Taoisigh ní foláir donUachtarán glacadh le haon chomhalta den Rialtasd’éirí as oifig, nó comhalta ar bith den Rialtas achur as oifig.

2 1° Is é an tUachtarán, ar chomhairle an Taoisigh,a chomórfas agus a lánscoirfeas Dáil Éireann.

2° Tig leis an Uachtarán, as a chomhairle féin,diúltú do Dháil Éireann a lánscor ar chomhairleTaoisigh nach leanann tromlach i nDáil Éireannde bheith i dtacaíocht leis.

3° Tig leis an Uachtarán uair ar bith, tar éiscomhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit,ceachtar de Thithe an Oireachtais, nó iad araon, achomóradh.

3 1° Gach Bille a ritear nó a mheastar a ritheadh agdhá Theach an Oireachtais ní foláir lámh anUachtaráin a bheith leis chun é a achtú ina dhlí.

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2° The President shall promulgate every lawmade by the Oireachtas.

4 The supreme command of the Defence Forces ishereby vested in the President.

5 1° The exercise of the supreme command of theDefence Forces shall be regulated by law.

2° All commissioned officers of the DefenceForces shall hold their commissions from thePresident.

6 The right of pardon and the power to commute orremit punishment imposed by any courtexercising criminal jurisdiction are hereby vestedin the President, but such power of commutationor remission may also be conferred by law onother authorities.

7 1° The President may, after consultation with theCouncil of State, communicate with the Housesof the Oireachtas by message or address on anymatter of national or public importance.

2° The President may, after consultation with theCouncil of State, address a message to the Nationat any time on any such matter.

AN tUACHTARÁN

29


2° Gach dlí dá ndéanfaidh an tOireachtas ní foláirdon Uachtarán é a fhógairt.

4 Leis seo cuirtear na Fórsaí Cosanta faoiardcheannas an Uachtaráin.

5 1° An t-ardcheannas ar na Fórsaí Cosanta is le dlía rialófar an modh ar a n-oibreofar é.

2° Is ón Uachtarán a bheidh a ghairm ag gachoifigeach gairme de na Fórsaí Cosanta.

6 Bheirtear don Uachtarán leis seo ceart maithiúnais,agus cumhacht chun maolaithe nó loghtha pionóisa ghearrtar ar dhaoine in aon chúirt dlínse coire,ach féadfar an chumhacht maolaithe nó loghtha sina thabhairt le dlí d’údaráis eile freisin.

7 1° Tig leis an Uachtarán, tar éis comhairle aghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit, teachtaireachtnó aitheasc a chur faoi bhráid Tithe an Oireachtaisi dtaobh aon ní a bhfuil tábhacht náisiúnta nótábhacht phoiblí ann.

2° Tig leis an Uachtarán uair ar bith, tar éiscomhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit,aitheasc a chur faoi bhráid an Náisiúin i dtaobhaon ní den sórt sin.

THE PRESIDENT

30


3° Every such message or address must, however,have received the approval of the Government.

8 1° The President shall not be answerable to eitherHouse of the Oireachtas or to any court for theexercise and performance of the powers andfunctions of his office or for any act done orpurporting to be done by him in the exercise andperformance of these powers and functions.

2° The behaviour of the President may, however, bebrought under review in either of the Houses of theOireachtas for the purposes of section 10 of Article12 of this Constitution, or by any court, tribunal orbody appointed or designated by either of theHouses of the Oireachtas for the investigation of acharge under section 10 of the said Article.

9 The powers and functions conferred on thePresident by this Constitution shall be exercisableand performable by him only on the advice of theGovernment, save where it is provided by thisConstitution that he shall act in his absolutediscretion or after consultation with or in relationto the Council of State, or on the advice ornomination of, or on receipt of any othercommunication from, any other person or body.

AN tUACHTARÁN

31


3° Ach i ngach cás díobh sin ní foláir an Rialtas abheith sásta roimh ré leis an teachtaireacht nó leisan aitheasc.

8 1° Níl an tUachtarán freagrach d’aon Teach denOireachtas ná d’aon chúirt in oibriú is igcomhlíonadh cumhachtaí is feidhmeanna aoifige ná in aon ghníomh dá ndéanann sé nó abheireann le tuiscint gur gníomh é a dhéanann séin oibriú agus i gcomhlíonadh na gcumhachtaí isna bhfeidhmeanna sin.

2° Ach féadfar iompar an Uachtaráin a chur faoiléirmheas i gceachtar de Thithe an Oireachtais chuncríocha alt 10 d’Airteagal 12 den Bhunreacht seo,nó ag aon chúirt, binse nó comhlacht a cheapfar nóa ainmneofar ag ceachtar de Thithe an Oireachtaischun cúis faoi alt 10 den Airteagal sin a scrúdú.

9 Taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear leis anmBunreacht seo go ngníomhóidh an tUachtarán asa chomhairle féin, nó tar éis comhairle a ghlacadhleis an gComhairle Stáit, nó go ngníomhóidh sé idtaobh ní a bhaineas leis an gComhairle Stáit, nóar chomhairle nó ainmniú aon duine nó aondreama eile, nó ar aon scéala eile a fháil ó aonduine nó aon dream eile, is ar chomhairle anRialtais amháin is cead don Uachtarán nacumhachtaí agus na feidhmeanna a bheirtear dóleis an mBunreacht seo a oibriú is a chomhlíonadh.

THE PRESIDENT

32


10 Subject to this Constitution, additional powers andfunctions may be conferred on the President by law.

11 No power or function conferred on the Presidentby law shall be exercisable or performable by himsave only on the advice of the Government.

ARTICLE 14

1 In the event of the absence of the President, or histemporary incapacity, or his permanent incapacityestablished as provided by section 3 of Article 12hereof, or in the event of his death, resignation,removal from office, or failure to exercise andperform the powers and functions of his office orany of them, or at any time at which the office ofPresident may be vacant, the powers andfunctions conferred on the President by or underthis Constitution shall be exercised andperformed by a Commission constituted asprovided in section 2 of this Article.

2 1° The Commission shall consist of the followingpersons, namely, the Chief Justice, the Chairmanof Dáil Éireann (An Ceann Comhairle), and theChairman of Seanad Éireann.

2° The President of the Court of Appeal shall act asa member of the Commission in the place of the

AN tUACHTARÁN

33


10 Faoi chuimsiú an Bhunreachta seo féadfartuilleadh cumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna athabhairt don Uachtarán le dlí.

11 Ní cead don Uachtarán aon chumhacht ná feidhmdá mbronntar air le dlí a oibriú ná a chomhlíonadhach amháin ar chomhairle an Rialtais.

AIRTEAGAL 14

1 Má bhíonn an tUachtarán as láthair nó má bhíonnar míthreoir go sealadach, nó má bhíonn armíthreoir go buan agus go suífear sin mar ashocraítear le halt 3 d’Airteagal 12 denBhunreacht seo, nó má tharlaíonn é d’éag nó éd’éirí as oifig nó é a chur as oifig, nó má theipeannair cumhachtaí is feidhmeanna a oifige nó aoncheann díobh a oibriú is a chomhlíonadh, nó mábhíonn oifig an Uachtaráin folamh, is Coimisiún abheas comhdhéanta mar a shocraítear in alt 2 denAirteagal seo a oibreos is a chomhlíonfas nacumhachtaí is na feidhmeanna a bhronntar ar anUachtarán leis an mBunreacht seo nó faoi.

2 1° Is iad na daoine seo a leanas an Coimisiún, .i. anPríomh-Bhreitheamh, Cathaoirleach Dháil Éireann(An Ceann Comhairle) agus CathaoirleachSheanad Éireann.

2° Gníomhóidh Uachtarán na Cúirte Achomhairc inachomhalta den Choimisiún in ionad an Phríomh-

THE PRESIDENT

34


Chief Justice on any occasion on which the officeof Chief Justice is vacant or on which the ChiefJustice is unable to act.

3° The Deputy Chairman of Dáil Éireann shall actas a member of the Commission in the place ofthe Chairman of Dáil Éireann on any occasion onwhich the office of Chairman of Dáil Éireann isvacant or on which the said Chairman is unable toact.

4° The Deputy Chairman of Seanad Éireann shallact as a member of the Commission in the placeof the Chairman of Seanad Éireann on anyoccasion on which the office of Chairman ofSeanad Éireann is vacant or on which the saidChairman is unable to act.

3 The Commission may act by any two of theirnumber and may act notwithstanding a vacancy intheir membership.

4 The Council of State may by a majority of itsmembers make such provision as to them mayseem meet for the exercise and performance ofthe powers and functions conferred on thePresident by or under this Constitution in anycontingency which is not provided for by theforegoing provisions of this Article.

AN tUACHTARÁN

35


Bhreithimh aon uair a bheas oifig an Phríomh-Bhreithimh folamh nó a bheas an Príomh-Bhreitheamh gan bheith i gcumas gníomhaithe.

3° Gníomhóidh Leas-Chathaoirleach DháilÉireann ina chomhalta den Choimisiún in ionadChathaoirleach Dháil Éireann aon uair a bheasoifig Chathaoirleach Dháil Éireann folamh nó abheas an Cathaoirleach sin gan bheith i gcumasgníomhaithe.

4° Gníomhóidh Leas-Chathaoirleach SheanadÉireann ina chomhalta den Choimisiún in ionadChathaoirleach Sheanad Éireann aon uair a bheasoifig Chathaoirleach Sheanad Éireann folamh nóa bheas an Cathaoirleach sin gan bheith i gcumasgníomhaithe.

3 Is dleathach don Choimisiún gníomhú trí bheirt arbith dá líon agus gníomhú d’ainneoin folúntaisina gcomhaltas.

4 Féadfaidh an Chomhairle Stáit, le tromlach dágcomhaltaí, cibé socrú is oircheas leo a dhéanamhchun na cumhachtaí agus na feidhmeanna abhronntar ar an Uachtarán leis an mBunreacht seonó faoi a oibriú is a chomhlíonadh in aon chásnach ndéantar socrú ina chomhair leis naforálacha sin romhainn den Airteagal seo.

THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT

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5 1° The provisions of this Constitution whichrelate to the exercise and performance by thePresident of the powers and functions conferredon him by or under this Constitution shall subjectto the subsequent provisions of this section applyto the exercise and performance of the saidpowers and functions under this Article.

2° In the event of the failure of the President toexercise or perform any power or function whichthe President is by or under this Constitutionrequired to exercise or perform within a specifiedtime, the said power or function shall beexercised or performed under this Article, as soonas may be after the expiration of the time sospecified.


CONSTITUTION AND POWERS

ARTICLE 15

1 1° The National Parliament shall be called andknown, and is in this Constitution generallyreferred to, as the Oireachtas.

AN PHARLAIMINT NÁISIÚNTA

37


5 1° Na forálacha den Bhunreacht seo a bhaineasleis an Uachtarán d’oibriú is do chomhlíonadh nagcumhachtaí is na bhfeidhmeanna a bhronntar airleis an mBunreacht seo nó faoi bainfid, faoichuimsiú na bhforálacha inár ndiaidh den alt seo,le hoibriú is le comhlíonadh na gcumhachtaí is nabhfeidhmeanna sin faoin Airteagal seo.

2° Má theipeann ar an Uachtarán aon chumhachtnó feidhm a oibriú nó a chomhlíonadh nach foláirdó, de réir an Bhunreachta seo nó faoi, í a oibriúnó a chomhlíonadh faoi cheann aimsire a luaitear,ní foláir í a oibriú nó a chomhlíonadh faoinAirteagal seo chomh luath agus is féidir é tar éisna haimsire a luaitear amhlaidh.


COMHDHÉANAMH AGUS CUMHACHTAÍ

AIRTEAGAL 15

1 1° An tOireachtas is ainm don PharlaimintNáisiúnta, agus sin é a bheirtear uirthi de ghnáthsa Bhunreacht seo.


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2° The Oireachtas shall consist of the Presidentand two Houses, viz.: a House of Representativesto be called Dáil Éireann and a Senate to be calledSeanad Éireann.

3° The Houses of the Oireachtas shall sit in ornear the City of Dublin or in such other place asthey may from time to time determine.

2 1° The sole and exclusive power of making lawsfor the State is hereby vested in the Oireachtas: noother legislative authority has power to make lawsfor the State.

2° Provision may however be made by law for thecreation or recognition of subordinate legislaturesand for the powers and functions of theselegislatures.

3 1° The Oireachtas may provide for theestablishment or recognition of functional orvocational councils representing branches of thesocial and economic life of the people.

2° A law establishing or recognising any suchcouncil shall determine its rights, powers andduties, and its relation to the Oireachtas and to theGovernment.


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2° An tUachtarán agus dhá Theach atá sanOireachtas: Teach Ionadóirí ar a dtugtar DáilÉireann, agus Seanad ar a dtugtar Seanad Éireann.

3° Is i gcathair Bhaile Átha Cliath nó ar a cóngar,nó cibé áit eile ar a gcinnfid ó am go ham, ashuífid Tithe an Oireachtais.

2 1° Bheirtear don Oireachtas amháin leis seo an t-aon chumhacht chun dlíthe a dhéanamh donStát; níl cumhacht ag údarás reachtaíochta ar bitheile chun dlíthe a dhéanamh don Stát.

2° Ach féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun fo-reachtais a chur ar bun nó chun glactha leo,agus chun cumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna na bhfo-reachtas sin a leagan amach.

3 1° Tig leis an Oireachtas socrú a dhéanamh chuncomhairlí feidhmeannais is gairme beatha, aionadaíos ranna de shaol chomhdhaonnach agusde shaol gheilleagrach an phobail, a chur ar bunnó glacadh leo.

2° Dlí ar bith lena gcuirtear comhairle den sórtsin ar bun nó faoina nglactar léi ní foláir léiriú abheith ann ar chearta, ar chumhachtaí agus ardhualgais na comhairle sin, agus fós ar acomhbhaint leis an Oireachtas agus leis an Rialtas.


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4 1° The Oireachtas shall not enact any law whichis in any respect repugnant to this Constitution orany provision thereof.

2° Every law enacted by the Oireachtas which isin any respect repugnant to this Constitution or toany provision thereof, shall, but to the extent onlyof such repugnancy, be invalid.

5 1° The Oireachtas shall not declare acts to beinfringements of the law which were not so at thedate of their commission.

2° The Oireachtas shall not enact any lawproviding for the imposition of the death penalty.

6 1° The right to raise and maintain military orarmed forces is vested exclusively in theOireachtas.

2° No military or armed force, other than amilitary or armed force raised and maintained bythe Oireachtas, shall be raised or maintained forany purpose whatsoever.

7 The Oireachtas shall hold at least one sessionevery year.

8 1° Sittings of each House of the Oireachtas shallbe public.


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4 1° Ní cead don Oireachtas aon dlí a achtú a bheadhar aon chuma in aghaidh an Bhunreachta seo nó inaghaidh aon fhorála den Bhunreacht seo.

2° I gcás aon dlí dá n-achtóidh an tOireachtas abheith ar aon chuma in aghaidh an Bhunreachta seonó in aghaidh aon fhorála den Bhunreacht seo beidhsé gan bhail sa mhéid go mbeidh sé in aghaidh anBhunreachta seo agus sa mhéid sin amháin.

5 1° Ní cead don Oireachtas a rá gur sárú dlígníomhartha nár shárú dlí iad le linn a ndéanta.

2° Ní cead don Oireachtas aon dlí a achtú lenandéanfar socrú chun pionós an bháis a ghearradh.

6 1° Is ag an Oireachtas amháin atá de cheart fórsaímíleata nó fórsaí armtha a bhunú agus achothabháil.

2° Ní dleathach fórsa míleata ná fórsa armtha arbith, seachas fórsa míleata nó fórsa armtha abhunaítear agus a chothabháiltear ag an Oireachtas,a bhunú ná a chothabháil chun críche ar bith.

7 Ní foláir don Oireachtas suí uair sa bhliain ar alaghad.

8 1° Is go poiblí a shuífidh gach Teach denOireachtas.


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2° In cases of special emergency, however, eitherHouse may hold a private sitting with the assentof two-thirds of the members present.

9 1° Each House of the Oireachtas shall elect fromits members its own Chairman and DeputyChairman, and shall prescribe their powers andduties.

2° The remuneration of the Chairman and DeputyChairman of each House shall be determined by law.

10 Each House shall make its own rules and standingorders, with power to attach penalties for theirinfringement, and shall have power to ensurefreedom of debate, to protect its officialdocuments and the private papers of its members,and to protect itself and its members against anyperson or persons interfering with, molesting orattempting to corrupt its members in the exerciseof their duties.

11 1° All questions in each House shall, save asotherwise provided by this Constitution, bedetermined by a majority of the votes of themembers present and voting other than theChairman or presiding member.


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2° Ach i gcás práinn speisialta a bheith ann, tig leceachtar den dá Theach suí go príobháideach achdhá thrian de na comhaltaí a bheas i láthair dothoiliú leis.

9 1° Toghfaidh gach Teach ar leith den Oireachtas aChathaoirleach agus a Leas-Chathaoirleach féinas a chomhaltas féin, agus leagfaidh amach dóibha gcumhachtaí agus a ndualgais.

2° Is le dlí a chinnfear tuarastal Chathaoirleach isLeas-Chathaoirleach gach Tí ar leith.

10 Déanfaidh gach Teach ar leith a rialacha agus abhuan-orduithe féin, agus beidh sé de chumhachtag gach Teach acu pionós a cheapadh do lucht asáraithe sin; beidh sé de chumhacht aige fairis sinsaoirse aighnis a chur in áirithe, agus a scríbhinníoifigiúla féin agus páipéir phríobháideacha achomhaltaí a dhídean, agus fós é féin agus achomhaltaí a dhídean ar aon duine nó ar aondream daoine a dhéanfadh cur isteach nótoirmeasc ar a chomhaltaí nó a dhéanfadh iarrachtar iad a éilliú agus iad ag déanamh a ndualgas.

11 1° Taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear a mhalairtleis an mBunreacht seo is é slí a dtabharfar breithar gach ceist i ngach Teach ar leith ná le formhórvótaí na gcomhaltaí a bheas i láthair agus adhéanfas vótáil ach gan an Cathaoirleach nó ancomhalta a bheas i gceannas a áireamh.


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2° The Chairman or presiding member shall haveand exercise a casting vote in the case of anequality of votes.

3° The number of members necessary toconstitute a meeting of either House for theexercise of its powers shall be determined by itsstanding orders.

12 All official reports and publications of theOireachtas or of either House thereof andutterances made in either House whereverpublished shall be privileged.

13 The members of each House of the Oireachtasshall, except in case of treason as defined in thisConstitution, felony or breach of the peace, beprivileged from arrest in going to and returningfrom, and while within the precincts of, eitherHouse, and shall not, in respect of any utterancein either House, be amenable to any court or anyauthority other than the House itself.

14 No person may be at the same time a member ofboth Houses of the Oireachtas, and, if any personwho is already a member of either Housebecomes a member of the other House, he shallforthwith be deemed to have vacated his first seat.


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2° Más ionann líon na vótaí ar an dá thaobh beidhag an gCathaoirleach, nó ag an gcomhalta a bheas igceannas, vóta cinniúna nach foláir dó a thabhairt.

3° Is lena bhuan-orduithe a chinnfear cén méidcomhalta a bheas riachtanach do thionól decheachtar den dá Theach chun é a bheith i gcumasfeidhme.

12 Gach tuarascáil agus foilseachán oifigiúil ónOireachtas agus ó gach Teach de, maille le caintar bith dá ndéantar in aon Teach díobh, táid saorar chúrsaí dlí cibé áit a bhfoilsítear.

13 Tá comhaltaí gach Tí den Oireachtas saor arghabháil le linn bheith i dtearmann ceachtar dendá Theach nó ag teacht chuige nó ag imeachtuaidh, ach amháin i gcás tréasa, mar a mhínítearsa Bhunreacht seo é, nó i gcás feileonachta nóbriseadh síochána agus cibé caint a dhéanfaidhcomhalta in aon Teach díobh ní inchúisithe é margheall uirthi in aon chúirt ná ag údarás ar bith achamháin an Teach féin.

14 Ní cead d’aon duine bheith ina chomhalta de dháTheach an Oireachtais san am chéanna, agus aonduine a bheas ina chomhalta de Theach díobhagus go ndéanfar comhalta den Teach eile de, nífoláir a mheas láithreach go bhfuil éirithe aige asan gcéad ionad.


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15 The Oireachtas may make provision by law for thepayment of allowances to the members of eachHouse thereof in respect of their duties as publicrepresentatives and for the grant to them of freetravelling and such other facilities (if any) inconnection with those duties as the Oireachtas maydetermine.

DÁIL ÉIREANN

ARTICLE 16

1 1° Every citizen without distinction of sex whohas reached the age of twenty-one years, and whois not placed under disability or incapacity by thisConstitution or by law, shall be eligible formembership of Dáil Éireann.

2° i All citizens, and

ii such other persons in the State as may bedetermined by law,

without distinction of sex who have reached theage of eighteen years who are not disqualified bylaw and comply with the provisions of the lawrelating to the election of members of DáilÉireann, shall have the right to vote at an electionfor members of Dáil Éireann.


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15 Tig leis an Oireachtas socrú a dhéanamh le dlíchun liúntais a íoc le comhaltaí gach Tí de as uchta ndualgas i gcáil ionadóirí poiblí, agus chun gondeonfaí dóibh, maidir lena ndualgais, saoráidchun taisteal in aisce agus cibé saoráid eile achinnfidh an tOireachtas, má chinneann.

DÁIL ÉIREANN

AIRTEAGAL 16

1 1° Gach saoránach, cibé acu fear nó bean, ag abhfuil bliain agus fiche slán agus nach gcuirtearfaoi mhíchumas nó faoi mhíthreoir leis anmBunreacht seo ná le dlí, tá sé intofa archomhaltas Dháil Éireann.

2° i Gach uile shaoránach, agus

ii cibé daoine eile sa Stát a cinnfear le dlí,

cibé acu fir nó mná, ag a bhfuil ocht mbliana déagslán agus ná cuirtear faoi dhícháilíocht le dlí, agusa chomhlíonann coinníollacha an dlí i dtaobhtoghcháin comhaltaí do Dháil Éireann, tá ceartvótála acu i dtoghchán comhaltaí do Dháil Éireann.


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3° No law shall be enacted placing any citizenunder disability or incapacity for membership ofDáil Éireann on the ground of sex ordisqualifying any citizen or other person fromvoting at an election for members of Dáil Éireannon that ground.

4° No voter may exercise more than one vote atan election for Dáil Éireann, and the voting shallbe by secret ballot.

2 1° Dáil Éireann shall be composed of memberswho represent constituencies determined by law.

2° The number of members shall from time totime be fixed by law, but the total number ofmembers of Dáil Éireann shall not be fixed at lessthan one member for each thirty thousand of thepopulation, or at more than one member for eachtwenty thousand of the population.

3° The ratio between the number of members to beelected at any time for each constituency and thepopulation of each constituency, as ascertained atthe last preceding census, shall, so far as it ispracticable, be the same throughout the country.


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3° Ní cead aon dlí a achtú a chuirfeadh saoránachar bith, toisc gur fear nó toisc gur bean ansaoránach sin, faoi mhíchumas nó faoi mhíthreoirmaidir lena bheith ina chomhalta de Dháil Éireannnó a dhícháileodh saoránach ar bith nó duine ar bitheile, ar an bhforas céanna sin, ó bheith i dteidealvótála i dtoghchán comhaltaí do Dháil Éireann.

4° Ní cead do thoghthóir ar bith thar aon vótaamháin a thabhairt i dtoghchán do Dháil Éireann,agus is le rúnbhallóid a dhéanfar an vótáil.

2 1° Ionadóirí do dháilcheantair a shocraítear le dlícomhaltas Dháil Éireann.

2° Socrófar líon comhaltaí Dháil Éireann le dlí óam go ham ach ní cead a lánlíon a bheith faoibhun comhalta in aghaidh gach tríocha míle dendaonra, ná os cionn comhalta in aghaidh gachfiche míle den daonra.

3° An chomhréir a bheas idir an líon comhaltaí abheas le toghadh aon tráth le haghaidh gachdáilcheantair ar leith agus daonra gachdáilcheantair ar leith, de réir an daonáirimh isdéanaí dá ndearnadh roimhe sin, ní foláir í abheith ar cothrom, sa mhéid gur féidir é, ar fud nadúiche uile.


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4° The Oireachtas shall revise the constituenciesat least once in every twelve years, with dueregard to changes in distribution of the population,but any alterations in the constituencies shall nottake effect during the life of Dáil Éireann sittingwhen such revision is made.

5° The members shall be elected on the system ofproportional representation by means of thesingle transferable vote.

6° No law shall be enacted whereby the numberof members to be returned for any constituencyshall be less than three.

3 1° Dáil Éireann shall be summoned and dissolvedas provided by section 2 of Article 13 of thisConstitution.

2° A general election for members of DáilÉireann shall take place not later than thirty daysafter a dissolution of Dáil Éireann.

4 1° Polling at every general election for DáilÉireann shall as far as practicable take place onthe same day throughout the country.

2° Dáil Éireann shall meet within thirty days fromthat polling day.


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4° Ní foláir don Oireachtas na dáilcheantair aathmheas uair ar a laghad sa dá bhliain déag agféachaint go cuí d’aon athruithe ar shuíomh andaonra; ach athruithe ar bith dá ndéanfar ar nadáilcheantair ní thiocfaid i bhfeidhm i rith ré naDála a bheas ina suí le linn an athmheasta sin.

5° Is de réir na hionadaíochta cionúire agus armhodh an aonghutha inaistrithe a thoghfar nacomhaltaí.

6° Ní cead dlí a achtú a bhéarfadh faoi bhun triúiran líon comhaltaí a bheas le toghadh d’aondáilcheantar.

3 1° Ní foláir Dáil Éireann a chomóradh agus alánscor mar a shocraítear le halt 2 d’Airteagal 13den Bhunreacht seo.

2° Ní foláir olltoghchán do chomhaltaí do DháilÉireann a bheith ann lá nach déanaí ná tríocha látar éis Dáil Éireann a lánscor.

4 1° An vótáil do gach olltoghchán ar leith do DháilÉireann ní foláir í a dhéanamh, sa mhéid gurféidir é, an t-aon lá amháin ar fud na dúiche uile.

2° Ní foláir do Dháil Éireann teacht le chéiletaobh istigh de thríocha lá ón lá vótála sin.


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5 The same Dáil Éireann shall not continue for alonger period than seven years from the date of itsfirst meeting: a shorter period may be fixed by law.

6 Provision shall be made by law to enable themember of Dáil Éireann who is the Chairmanimmediately before a dissolution of Dáil Éireannto be deemed without any actual election to beelected a member of Dáil Éireann at the ensuinggeneral election.

7 Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Article,elections for membership of Dáil Éireann,including the filling of casual vacancies, shall beregulated in accordance with law.

ARTICLE 17

1 1° As soon as possible after the presentation toDáil Éireann under Article 28 of this Constitutionof the Estimates of receipts and the Estimates ofexpenditure of the State for any financial year,Dáil Éireann shall consider such Estimates.

2° Save in so far as may be provided by specificenactment in each case, the legislation required togive effect to the Financial Resolutions of eachyear shall be enacted within that year.


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5 Ní bheidh de ré ag aon Dáil Éireann ach seachtmbliana ó lá a céad-tionóil: féadfar ré is giorra násin a shocrú le dlí.

6 An comhalta de Dháil Éireann a bheas inaChathaoirleach díreach roimh lánscor do DháilÉireann ní foláir socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun gobhféadfar a mheas an comhalta sin a bheith tofado Dháil Éireann sa chéad olltoghchán eile, gan éa dhul faoi thoghadh.

7 Faoi chuimsiú na bhforálacha sin romhainn denAirteagal seo is de réir dlí a rialófar toghcháin dochomhaltas Dháil Éireann, mar aon le líonadhcorrfholúntas.

AIRTEAGAL 17

1 1° Chomh luath agus is féidir é tar éis naMeastacháin ar fháltas an Stáit agus na Meastacháinar chaitheamh airgid an Stáit i gcomhair aon bhlianaairgeadais a chur faoi bhráid Dháil Éireann faoiAirteagal 28 den Bhunreacht seo, ní foláir do DháilÉireann na Meastacháin sin a bhreithniú.

2° An reachtaíocht a bheas riachtanach chunfeidhm dlí a thabhairt do Rúin Airgeadais gachbliana ar leith ní foláir í a achtú an bhliain sin féinach amháin sa mhéid go mbeidh a mhalairt socairi dtaobh gach cás ar leith in achtachán chuige sin.


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2 Dáil Éireann shall not pass any vote or resolution,and no law shall be enacted, for the appropriationof revenue or other public moneys unless thepurpose of the appropriation shall have beenrecommended to Dáil Éireann by a message fromthe Government signed by the Taoiseach.

SEANAD ÉIREANN

ARTICLE 18

1 Seanad Éireann shall be composed of sixtymembers, of whom eleven shall be nominatedmembers and forty-nine shall be elected members.

2 A person to be eligible for membership of SeanadÉireann must be eligible to become a member ofDáil Éireann.

3 The nominated members of Seanad Éireann shallbe nominated, with their prior consent, by theTaoiseach who is appointed next after the re-assembly of Dáil Éireann following the dissolutionthereof which occasions the nomination of the saidmembers.

4 1° The elected members of Seanad Éireann shallbe elected as follows:—


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2 Ní dleathach do Dháil Éireann vóta ná rún a rith,ná ní dleathach aon dlí a achtú, chun leithghabháila dhéanamh ar státchíos ná ar airgead poiblí arbith eile, mura mbeidh teachtaireacht ag DáilÉireann ón Rialtas faoi láimh an Taoisigh agmoladh críche na leithghabhála dóibh.

SEANAD ÉIREANN

AIRTEAGAL 18

1 Seasca comhalta líon Sheanad Éireann, .i. aonduine dhéag a ainmneofar agus naonúr isdaichead a thoghfar.

2 Ionas go mbeadh duine inghlactha ar chomhaltasSheanad Éireann ní foláir é a bheith inghlactha archomhaltas Dháil Éireann.

3 Na comhaltaí a ainmneofar do Sheanad Éireannainmneofar iad le réamhchead uathu féin ag anTaoiseach a cheapfar ar Dháil Éireann d’ationól indiaidh an lánscoir ar Dháil Éireann is siocair leisna comhaltaí sin a ainmniú.

4 1° Na comhaltaí a thoghfar do Sheanad Éireann,is ar an gcuma seo a leanas a thoghfar iad:—


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i Three shall be elected by the NationalUniversity of Ireland.

ii Three shall be elected by the Universityof Dublin.

iii Forty-three shall be elected from panelsof candidates constituted as hereinafterprovided.

2° Provision may be made by law for the election,on a franchise and in the manner to be providedby law, by one or more of the followinginstitutions, namely:

i the universities mentioned in subsection1° of this section,

ii any other institutions of higher educationin the State,

of so many members of Seanad Éireann as may befixed by law in substitution for an equal numberof the members to be elected pursuant toparagraphs i and ii of the said subsection 1°.

A member or members of Seanad Éireann may beelected under this subsection by institutionsgrouped together or by a single institution.


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i Toghfaidh Ollscoil na hÉireann triúr.

ii Toghfaidh Ollscoil Bhaile Átha Cliathtriúr.

iii Toghfar triúr is daichead as rollaíd’iarrthóirí a chóireofar ar an gcuma ashocraítear anseo inár ndiaidh.

2° Féadfar foráil a dhéanamh le dlí chun godtoghfar de réir toghchórais, agus ar an modh, ashocrófar le dlí, ag ceann amháin nó níos mó dena forais seo a leanas, eadhon:

i na hOllscoileanna a luaitear i bhfo-alt 1°den alt seo,

ii aon fhorais eile ardoideachais sa Stát,

an líon sin comhaltaí de Sheanad Éireann ashocrófar le dlí in ionad líon comhionann de nacomhaltaí a bheas le toghadh de bhun míreanna iagus ii den fho-alt sin 1°.

Féadfar comhalta nó comhaltaí de SheanadÉireann a thoghadh faoin bhfo-alt seo ag forais abheas tiomsaithe le chéile nó ag foras aonair.


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3° Nothing in this Article shall be invoked toprohibit the dissolution by law of a universitymentioned in subsection 1° of this section.

5 Every election of the elected members of SeanadÉireann shall be held on the system of proportionalrepresentation by means of the single transferablevote, and by secret postal ballot.

6 The members of Seanad Éireann to be elected bythe Universities shall be elected on a franchiseand in the manner to be provided by law.

7 1° Before each general election of the members ofSeanad Éireann to be elected from panels ofcandidates, five panels of candidates shall beformed in the manner provided by law containingrespectively the names of persons havingknowledge and practical experience of thefollowing interests and services, namely:–

i National Language and Culture, Literature,Art, Education and such professionalinterests as may be defined by law for thepurpose of this panel;

ii Agriculture and allied interests, andFisheries;

iii Labour, whether organised or unorganised;


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3° Ní cead aon ní dá bhfuil san Airteagal seo aagairt chun toirmeasc a chur le hOllscoil a luaiteari bhfo-alt 1° den alt seo a lánscor de réir dlí.

5 Gach toghchán dá mbeidh ann do na comhaltaí athoghfar do Sheanad Éireann is de réir nahionadaíochta cionúire a dhéanfar é agus ar mhodhan aonghutha inaistrithe, le rúnbhallóid phoist.

6 Na comhaltaí a thoghfar do Sheanad Éireann agna hOllscoileanna is de réir toghchórais, agus aran modh, a shocrófar le dlí a thoghfar iad.

7 1° Roimh gach olltoghchán do na comhaltaí doSheanad Éireann a thoghfar as rollaí d’iarrthóirícóireofar ar an gcuma a shocrófar le dlí cúig rollad’iarrthóirí ar a mbeidh ainmneacha daoine ag ambeidh eolas agus cleachtadh ar na gnóthaí agusna seirbhísí seo a leanas faoi seach: –

i An Ghaeilge agus an tSaíocht Náisiúnta,Litríocht, Ealaíonacht, Oideachas aguscibé gairmeacha a léireofar le dlí chuncríche an rolla seo;

ii Talmhaíocht, maille le gnóthaí a bhaineasléi, agus Iascaireacht;

iii Oibreachas, cibé comheagraithe é nó nachea;


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iv Industry and Commerce, including bank-ing, finance, accountancy, engineering andarchitecture;

v Public Administration and social services,including voluntary social activities.

2° Not more than eleven and, subject to theprovisions of Article 19 hereof, not less than fivemembers of Seanad Éireann shall be elected fromany one panel.

8 A general election for Seanad Éireann shall takeplace not later than ninety days after a dissolutionof Dáil Éireann, and the first meeting of SeanadÉireann after the general election shall take placeon a day to be fixed by the President on the adviceof the Taoiseach.

9 Every member of Seanad Éireann shall, unless hepreviously dies, resigns, or becomes disqualified,continue to hold office until the day before thepolling day of the general election for SeanadÉireann next held after his election or nomination.

10 1° Subject to the foregoing provisions of thisArticle elections of the elected members ofSeanad Éireann shall be regulated by law.


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iv Tionscal is Tráchtáil ar a n-áirítearbaincéireacht, airgeadas, cuntasaíocht,innealtóireacht agus foirgníocht;

v Riarachán Poiblí agus seirbhísí comh-dhaonnacha, agus obair chomhdhaonnachdheonach a áireamh.

2° Ní cead níos mó ná aon duine dhéag ná, faoichuimsiú forálacha Airteagail 19 den Bhunreachtseo, níos lú ná cúigear de chomhaltaí SheanadÉireann a thoghadh as aon rolla áirithe.

8 Ní foláir olltoghchán do Sheanad Éireann a bheithann lá nach déanaí ná nócha lá d’éis lánscor doDháil Éireann, agus ní foláir do Sheanad Éireannteacht le chéile ar chéad-tionól tar éis anolltoghcháin lá a chinnfidh an tUachtarán chuigear chomhairle an Taoisigh.

9 Leanfaidh gach comhalta de Sheanad Éireann dáoifig, mura n-éaga nó mura n-éirí as oifig nó murandícháilítear é, go dtí an lá roimh lá na vótála donolltoghchán is túisce a bheas ann do SheanadÉireann d’éis é a thoghadh nó é a ainmniú.

10 1° Faoi chuimsiú na bhforálacha sin romhainnden Airteagal seo, is de réir dlí a rialófar gachtoghchán do na comhaltaí a thoghfar do SheanadÉireann.


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2° Casual vacancies in the number of thenominated members of Seanad Éireann shall befilled by nomination by the Taoiseach with theprior consent of persons so nominated.

3° Casual vacancies in the number of the electedmembers of Seanad Éireann shall be filled in themanner provided by law.

ARTICLE 19

Provision may be made by law for the direct electionby any functional or vocational group or associationor council of so many members of Seanad Éireann asmay be fixed by such law in substitution for an equalnumber of the members to be elected from thecorresponding panels of candidates constituted underArticle 18 of this Constitution.

LEGISLATION

ARTICLE 20

1 Every Bill initiated in and passed by Dáil Éireannshall be sent to Seanad Éireann and may, unless itbe a Money Bill, be amended in Seanad Éireannand Dáil Éireann shall consider any suchamendment.


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2° Is le hainmniú ón Taoiseach a líonfarcorrfholúntais i líon na gcomhaltaí a ainmníteardo Sheanad Éireann, le réamhchead na ndaoine aainmneofar.

3° Is ar an gcuma a shocraítear le dlí a líonfarcorrfholúntais i líon na gcomhaltaí a thoghtar doSheanad Éireann.

AIRTEAGAL 19

Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí ionas go bhféadfadhaon dream feidhme nó gairme beatha, nó aonchomhlacht nó comhairle feidhme nó gairme beatha,an oiread comhaltaí do Sheanad Éireann a thoghadhgo lomdíreach agus a chinnfear leis an dlí sin, in ionadan oiread chéanna de na comhaltaí a thoghfar as na comhrollaí d’iarrthóirí a chóireofar faoiAirteagal 18 den Bhunreacht seo.

REACHTAÍOCHT

AIRTEAGAL 20

1 Ní foláir gach Bille a thionscnaítear i nDáilÉireann agus a ritear ag Dáil Éireann a chur goSeanad Éireann agus, mura Bille Airgid é, tig leSeanad Éireann é a leasú, agus ní foláir do DháilÉireann aon leasú den sórt sin a bhreithniú.


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2 1° A Bill other than a Money Bill may be initiatedin Seanad Éireann, and if passed by SeanadÉireann, shall be introduced in Dáil Éireann.

2° A Bill initiated in Seanad Éireann if amendedin Dáil Éireann shall be considered as a Billinitiated in Dáil Éireann.

3 A Bill passed by either House and accepted by theother House shall be deemed to have been passedby both Houses.

Money Bills

ARTICLE 21

1 1° Money Bills shall be initiated in Dáil Éireannonly.

2° Every Money Bill passed by Dáil Éireann shallbe sent to Seanad Éireann for its recommendations.

2 1° Every Money Bill sent to Seanad Éireann for itsrecommendations shall, at the expiration of aperiod not longer than twenty-one days after itshall have been sent to Seanad Éireann, be returnedto Dáil Éireann, which may accept or reject all orany of the recommendations of Seanad Éireann.


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2 1° Is dleathach Bille nach Bille Airgid é athionscnamh i Seanad Éireann, agus má ritheannSeanad Éireann é ní foláir é a thabhairt isteach inDáil Éireann.

2° Má thionscnaítear Bille i Seanad Éireann agusgo leasaíonn Dáil Éireann é, ní foláir a mheas é abheith ina Bhille a tionscnaíodh i nDáil Éireann.

3 Bille a ritear ag ceachtar den dá Theach agus lenanglacann an Teach eile ní foláir a mheas gurritheadh é ag an dá Theach.

Billí Airgid

AIRTEAGAL 21

1 1° Is i nDáil Éireann amháin is cead Billí Airgid athionscnamh.

2° Ní foláir gach Bille Airgid a ritear ag DáilÉireann a chur go Seanad Éireann d’iarraidh amoltaí ina thaobh.

2 1° Gach Bille Airgid a chuirtear go Seanad Éireannd’iarraidh a moltaí ina thaobh, ní foláir é a chur arais go Dáil Éireann i gceann tréimhse nach sia ná láagus fiche tar éis an Bille a chur go Seanad Éireann, agus tig le Dáil Éireann iomlán na moltaíó Sheanad Éireann nó aon chuid díobh a ghlacadhnó a dhiúltú.


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2° If such Money Bill is not returned by SeanadÉireann to Dáil Éireann within such twenty-onedays or is returned within such twenty-one dayswith recommendations which Dáil Éireann doesnot accept, it shall be deemed to have been passedby both Houses at the expiration of the saidtwenty-one days.

ARTICLE 22

1 1° A Money Bill means a Bill which contains onlyprovisions dealing with all or any of the followingmatters, namely, the imposition, repeal,remission, alteration or regulation of taxation; theimposition for the payment of debt or otherfinancial purposes of charges on public moneys or the variation or repeal of any such charges;supply; the appropriation, receipt, custody, issueor audit of accounts of public money; the raisingor guarantee of any loan or the repayment thereof;matters subordinate and incidental to thesematters or any of them.

2° In this definition the expressions “taxation”,“public money” and “loan” respectively do notinclude any taxation, money or loan raised bylocal authorities or bodies for local purposes.


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2° Mura gcuirtear an Bille Airgid sin ar ais óSheanad Éireann go Dáil Éireann taobh istigh denlá agus fiche sin, nó má chuirtear ar ais é taobhistigh den lá agus fiche sin mar aon le moltaí nachnglacann Dáil Éireann leo, ní foláir a mheas gurrith an dá Theach i gceann an lae agus fiche sin é.

AIRTEAGAL 22

1 1° Is é is ciall do Bhille Airgid Bille nach mbíonnann ach forálacha le haghaidh iomlán na n-ábharseo a leanas nó aon chuid acu .i. cánachas aghearradh, a aisghairm, a loghadh, a athrú nó arialú; muirir a leagan ar airgidí poiblí chun fiachaa íoc nó chun cuspóirí eile airgeadais, nó aleithéidí sin de mhuirir a athrú nó a aisghairm;soláthar; airgead poiblí a leithghabháil, aghlacadh, a choinneáil nó a eisiúint, nó cuntais aira iniúchadh; aon iasacht a chruinniú nó a ráthú nóa aisíoc; fo-ábhair a bhfuil baint acu leis na nithesin nó le haon chuid acu.

2° Sa mhíniú sin ní áirítear faoi na focail“cánachas”, “airgead poiblí” agus “iasacht”, faoiseach, aon chánachas, airgead ná iasacht achruinníd údaráis nó comhlachtaí áitiúla chuncríocha áitiúla.


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2 1° The Chairman of Dáil Éireann shall certify anyBill which, in his opinion, is a Money Bill to be aMoney Bill, and his certificate shall, subject to thesubsequent provisions of this section, be final andconclusive.

2° Seanad Éireann, by a resolution, passed at asitting at which not less than thirty members arepresent, may request the President to refer thequestion whether the Bill is or is not a Money Billto a Committee of Privileges.

3° If the President after consultation with theCouncil of State decides to accede to the requesthe shall appoint a Committee of Privilegesconsisting of an equal number of members of DáilÉireann and of Seanad Éireann and a Chairmanwho shall be a Judge of the Supreme Court: theseappointments shall be made after consultationwith the Council of State. In the case of anequality of votes but not otherwise the Chairmanshall be entitled to vote.

4° The President shall refer the question to theCommittee of Privileges so appointed and theCommittee shall report its decision thereon to thePresident within twenty-one days after the day onwhich the Bill was sent to Seanad Éireann.


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2 1° Más é tuairim Chathaoirleach Dháil Éireanngur Bille Airgid aon Bhille faoi leith ní foláir dó adheimhniú gur Bille Airgid é agus, faoi chuimsiúna bhforálacha inár ndiaidh den alt seo, ní bheidhdul thar an deimhniú sin.

2° Tig le Seanad Éireann rún a rith i dtionól nachmbeidh níos lú ná tríocha comhalta i láthair ann, áiarraidh ar an Uachtarán ceist a chur faoi bhráidChoiste Pribhléidí féachaint cé acu Bille Airgid anBille nó nach ea.

3° Má aontaíonn an tUachtarán leis an achainí taréis comhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit,ní foláir dó Coiste Pribhléidí a cheapadh. An líoncéanna de chomhaltaí de Dháil Éireann agus deSheanad Éireann a bheas ar an gCoiste sin, agusbreitheamh den Chúirt Uachtarach inaChathaoirleach orthu. Is tar éis comhairle aghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit a dhéanfar naceapacháin sin. Más ionann an líon vótaí ar an dáthaobh beidh vóta ag an gCathaoirleach, achmurab ionann ní bheidh.

4° Ní foláir don Uachtarán an cheist a chur faoibhráid an Choiste Pribhléidí a cheapfar mar sin,agus ní foláir don Choiste a mbreith ar an gceist achur chun an Uachtaráin taobh istigh de lá agusfiche d’éis an lae a cuireadh an Bille go SeanadÉireann.


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5° The decision of the Committee shall be finaland conclusive.

6° If the President after consultation with theCouncil of State decides not to accede to therequest of Seanad Éireann, or if the Committee ofPrivileges fails to report within the timehereinbefore specified the certificate of theChairman of Dáil Éireann shall stand confirmed.

Time for Consideration of Bills

ARTICLE 23

1 This Article applies to every Bill passed by DáilÉireann and sent to Seanad Éireann other than aMoney Bill or a Bill the time for the considerationof which by Seanad Éireann shall have beenabridged under Article 24 of this Constitution.

1° Whenever a Bill to which this Article applies iswithin the stated period defined in the nextfollowing sub-section either rejected by SeanadÉireann or passed by Seanad Éireann withamendments to which Dáil Éireann does not agreeor is neither passed (with or without amendment)nor rejected by Seanad Éireann within the statedperiod, the Bill shall, if Dáil Éireann so resolveswithin one hundred and eighty days after theexpiration of the stated period be deemed to have


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5° Ní bheidh dul thar breith an Choiste.

6° Má dhiúltaíonn an tUachtarán d’achainíSheanad Éireann tar éis comhairle a ghlacadh leisan gComhairle Stáit, nó mura gcuire an CoistePribhléidí a mbreith in iúl taobh istigh den tréimhsea luaitear anseo romhainn, seasfaidh deimhniúChathaoirleach Dháil Éireann.

Tréimhse chun Billí a Bhreithniú

AIRTEAGAL 23

1 Baineann an tAirteagal seo le gach Bille a ritheannDáil Éireann agus a sheoltar go Seanad Éireann,ach amháin Bille Airgid nó Bille a ndearnadh antréimhse chun a bhreithnithe ag Seanad Éireann aghiorrú faoi Airteagal 24 den Bhunreacht seo.

1° Má tharlaíonn, taobh istigh den tréimhse áirithea luaitear sa chéad fho-alt eile, go ndiúltaíonnSeanad Éireann d’aon Bhille lena mbaineann antAirteagal seo, nó go ritheann Seanad Éireann anBille agus leasuithe air a ndiúltaíonn Dáil Éireanndóibh, nó mura ndéanann Seanad Éireann an Billea rith (cibé acu leasaithe é nó gan leasú) nó diúltúdó taobh istigh den tréimhse áirithe, ansin máritheann Dáil Éireann rún chuige sin taobh istighde naoi bhfichid lá tar éis an tréimhse áirithe


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been passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas onthe day on which the resolution is passed.

2° The stated period is the period of ninety dayscommencing on the day on which the Bill is firstsent by Dáil Éireann to Seanad Éireann or anylonger period agreed upon in respect of the Billby both Houses of the Oireachtas.

2 1° The preceding section of this Article shallapply to a Bill which is initiated in and passed bySeanad Éireann, amended by Dáil Éireann, andaccordingly deemed to have been initiated in DáilÉireann.

2° For the purpose of this application the statedperiod shall in relation to such a Bill commenceon the day on which the Bill is first sent to SeanadÉireann after having been amended by DáilÉireann.

ARTICLE 24

1 If and whenever on the passage by Dáil Éireannof any Bill, other than a Bill expressed to be a Billcontaining a proposal to amend the Constitution,the Taoiseach certifies by messages in writingaddressed to the President and to the Chairman ofeach House of the Oireachtas that, in the opinion


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a bheith caite, ní foláir a mheas gur ritheadh anBille sin ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais an lá aritheadh an rún.

2° Nócha lá, nó aon tréimhse is sia ná sin a réitíddhá Theach an Oireachtais le chéile maidir leis anmBille, an tréimhse áirithe, agus is é an lá asheoltar an Bille ar dtús ó Dháil Éireann goSeanad Éireann tosach na tréimhse.

2 1° Baineann an t-alt sin romhainn den Airteagalseo le gach Bille a thionscnaítear i SeanadÉireann agus a ritear ag Seanad Éireann, agus aleasaítear ag Dáil Éireann, agus go meastar dábhíthin sin gur i nDáil Éireann a tionscnaíodh é.

2° Chuige sin is é an lá a sheoltar an Bille goSeanad Éireann den chéad uair tar éis é a leasú agDáil Éireann a thosaíos an tréimhse áirithe igcomhair an Bhille sin.

AIRTEAGAL 24

1 Má ritheann Dáil Éireann Bille, seachas Bille aluaitear a bheith ina Bhille a bhfuil togra ann chunan Bunreacht a leasú, agus go seolann an Taoiseachteachtaireachtaí scríofa chun an Uachtaráin aguschun Cathaoirleach gach Tí den Oireachtas, ádheimhniú dóibh gurb é tuairim an Rialtais go


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of the Government, the Bill is urgent andimmediately necessary for the preservation of thepublic peace and security, or by reason of theexistence of a public emergency, whetherdomestic or international, the time for theconsideration of such Bill by Seanad Éireannshall, if Dáil Éireann so resolves and if thePresident, after consultation with the Council ofState, concurs, be abridged to such period as shallbe specified in the resolution.

2 Where a Bill, the time for the consideration ofwhich by Seanad Éireann has been abridgedunder this Article,

(a) is, in the case of a Bill which is not aMoney Bill, rejected by Seanad Éireannor passed by Seanad Éireann withamendments to which Dáil Éireann doesnot agree or neither passed nor rejectedby Seanad Éireann, or

(b) is, in the case of a Money Bill, eitherreturned by Seanad Éireann to DáilÉireann with recommendations whichDáil Éireann does not accept or is notreturned by Seanad Éireann to Dáil Éireann,


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bhfuil práinn agus riachtanas leis an mBille sinláithreach chun síocháin agus slándáil an phobaila chosaint, nó go bhfuil práinn agus riachtanasleis láithreach toisc éigeandáil phoiblíinmheánach nó idirnáisiúnta a bheith ann, ansinmá bheartaíonn Dáil Éireann amhlaidh le rún,agus go n-aontaíonn an tUachtarán leis an rún, taréis comhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit,ní foláir an tréimhse a fhágfar an Bille sin faoibhreithniú Sheanad Éireann a ghiorrú agus a churfaoin teorainn a luaitear sa rún.

2 Bille ar bith a ndearnadh an tréimhse chun abhreithnithe ag Seanad Éireann a ghiorrú faoinAirteagal seo, má tharlaíonn,

(a) i gcás Bille nach Bille Airgid, gondiúltaíonn Seanad Éireann dó nó goritheann Seanad Éireann é maille leleasuithe dá ndiúltaíonn Dáil Éireann nónach ndéanann Seanad Éireann é a rith nádiúltú dó, nó,

(b) i gcás Bille Airgid, go gcuireann SeanadÉireann ar ais go Dáil Éireann é maille lemoltaí nach nglacann Dáil Éireann leo nónach ndéanann Seanad Éireann é a churar ais go Dáil Éireann,


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within the period specified in the resolution, theBill shall be deemed to have been passed by bothHouses of the Oireachtas at the expiration of thatperiod.

3 When a Bill the time for the consideration of whichby Seanad Éireann has been abridged under thisArticle becomes law it shall remain in force for aperiod of ninety days from the date of its enactmentand no longer unless, before the expiration of thatperiod, both Houses shall have agreed that such lawshall remain in force for a longer period and thelonger period so agreed upon shall have beenspecified in resolutions passed by both Houses.

Signing and Promulgation of Laws

ARTICLE 25

1 As soon as any Bill, other than a Bill expressed tobe a Bill containing a proposal for the amendmentof this Constitution, shall have been passed ordeemed to have been passed by both Houses of theOireachtas, the Taoiseach shall present it to thePresident for his signature and for promulgationby him as a law in accordance with the provisionsof this Article.

2 1° Save as otherwise provided by this Consti-tution, every Bill so presented to the President for


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taobh istigh den tréimhse a luaitear sa rún, nífoláir a mheas gur ritheadh an Bille ag dháTheach an Oireachtais i gceann na tréimhse sin.

3 Ar dhéanamh dlí de Bhille a ndearnadh antréimhse chun a bhreithnithe ag Seanad Éireann aghiorrú faoin Airteagal seo, beidh sé i bhfeidhmar feadh tréimhse nócha lá ó dháta a achtaithe, achsin a mbeidh, mura n-aontaíd dhá Theach anOireachtais roimh dheireadh na tréimhse sin andlí sin a fhanacht i bhfeidhm ar feadh tréimhse issia ná sin, agus go luaitear i rúin ón dá Theach antréimhse a aontaítear amhlaidh.

Dlíthe a Shíniú agus a Fhógairt

AIRTEAGAL 25

1 Chomh luath agus a ritear Bille, seachas Bille aluaitear a bheith ina Bhille a bhfuil togra ann chunan Bunreacht seo a leasú, nó a mheastar é a bheithrite ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais, ní foláir donTaoiseach an Bille sin a thairiscint don Uachtaránchun a lámh a chur leis agus chun é a fhógairt inadhlí de réir forálacha an Airteagail seo.

2 1° Taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear a mhalairtleis an mBunreacht seo, gach Bille a thairgtear don


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his signature and for promulgation by him as alaw shall be signed by the President not earlierthan the fifth and not later than the seventh dayafter the date on which the Bill shall have beenpresented to him.

2° At the request of the Government, with theprior concurrence of Seanad Éireann, thePresident may sign any Bill the subject of suchrequest on a date which is earlier than the fifthday after such date as aforesaid.

3 Every Bill the time for the consideration of whichby Seanad Éireann shall have been abridgedunder Article 24 of this Constitution shall besigned by the President on the day on which suchBill is presented to him for signature andpromulgation as a law.

4 1° Every Bill shall become and be law as on andfrom the day on which it is signed by thePresident under this Constitution, and shall,unless the contrary intention appears, come intooperation on that day.

2° Every Bill signed by the President under thisConstitution shall be promulgated by him as a lawby the publication by his direction of a notice inthe Iris Oifigiúil stating that the Bill has becomelaw.


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Uachtarán mar sin chun a lámh a chur leis aguschun é a fhógairt ina dhlí, ní foláir dó a lámh achur leis lá nach luaithe ná an cúigiú lá agus nachdéanaí ná an seachtú lá tar éis an lae a thairgtearan Bille dó.

2° Ar achainí an Rialtais, le comhthoil SheanadÉireann roimh ré, tig leis an Uachtarán a lámh achur le haon Bhille is siocair don achainí sin níosluaithe ná an cúigiú lá tar éis an dáta réamhráite.

3 Gach Bille a ndearnadh an tréimhse chun abhreithnithe ag Seanad Éireann a ghiorrú faoiAirteagal 24 den Bhunreacht seo, ní foláir donUachtarán a lámh a chur leis an lá a thairgtear anBille sin dó chun é a shíniú agus chun é a fhógairtina dhlí.

4 1° Déanann dlí de gach Bille an lá a chuireann antUachtarán a lámh leis faoin mBunreacht seo agusis dlí é an lá sin agus ón lá sin amach agus, muraléir a mhalairt d’intinn ina thaobh, is é an lá sin athagann sé i ngníomh.

2° Gach Bille a gcuireann an tUachtarán a lámhleis faoin mBunreacht seo ní foláir dó é a fhógairtina dhlí le fógra san Iris Oifigiúil, faoi ordú uaidh,á rá go bhfuil an Bille ina dhlí.


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3° Every Bill shall be signed by the President inthe text in which it was passed or deemed to havebeen passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas, andif a Bill is so passed or deemed to have been passedin both the official languages, the President shallsign the text of the Bill in each of those languages.

4° Where the President signs the text of a Bill inone only of the official languages, an officialtranslation shall be issued in the other officiallanguage.

5° As soon as may be after the signature andpromulgation of a Bill as a law, the text of suchlaw which was signed by the President or, wherethe President has signed the text of such law ineach of the official languages, both the signedtexts shall be enrolled for record in the office ofthe Registrar of the Supreme Court, and the text,or both the texts, so enrolled shall be conclusiveevidence of the provisions of such law.

6° In case of conflict between the texts of a lawenrolled under this section in both the officiallanguages, the text in the national language shallprevail.

5 1° It shall be lawful for the Taoiseach, from timeto time as occasion appears to him to require, to


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3° Is é téacs de Bhille a gcuirfidh an tUachtarána lámh leis ná an téacs a ritheadh nó a mheastar aritheadh ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais agus, máritear Bille nó má mheastar é a bheith riteamhlaidh sa dá theanga oifigiúla, cuirfidh antUachtarán a lámh le téacs Gaeilge agus le téacsSacs-Bhéarla an Bhille.

4° I gcás an tUachtarán do chur a láimhe le téacsBille i dteanga de na teangacha oifigiúla agus sateanga sin amháin, ní foláir tiontú oifigiúil a churamach sa teanga oifigiúil eile.

5° Chomh luath agus is féidir é tar éis Bille ashíniú agus é a fhógairt ina dhlí, ní foláir an téacsden dlí sin lena mbeidh lámh an Uachtaráin nó, igcás lámh an Uachtaráin a bheith le téacs Gaeilgeagus le téacs Sacs-Bhéarla an dlí sin, an dá théacssínithe sin a chur isteach ina iris nó ina n-iris inoifig Iriseoir na Cúirte Uachtaraí, agus is fianaisedhochloíte ar fhorálacha an dlí sin an téacs achuirfear isteach ina iris, nó an dá théacs a chuirfearisteach ina n-iris, amhlaidh.

6° I gcás téacs Gaeilge agus téacs Sacs-Bhéarlade dhlí a chur isteach ina n-iris faoin alt seo agusgan an dá théacs sin a bheith de réir a chéile, is agan téacs Gaeilge a bheidh an forlámhas.

5 1° Is dleathach don Taoiseach a thabhairt, ó am goham faoi mar a chífear dó gá a bheith leis, go


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cause to be prepared under his supervision a text(in both the official languages) of thisConstitution as then in force embodying allamendments theretofore made therein.

2° A copy of every text so prepared, whenauthenticated by the signatures of the Taoiseachand the Chief Justice, shall be signed by thePresident and shall be enrolled for record in theoffice of the Registrar of the Supreme Court.

3° The copy so signed and enrolled which is forthe time being the latest text so prepared shall,upon such enrolment, be conclusive evidence ofthis Constitution as at the date of such enrolmentand shall for that purpose supersede all texts ofthis Constitution of which copies were soenrolled.

4° In case of conflict between the texts of anycopy of this Constitution enrolled under thissection, the text in the national language shallprevail.


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ndéanfar téacs (sa Ghaeilge agus sa Sacs-Bhéarla)den Bhunreacht seo, mar a bheidh i bhfeidhm antráth sin agus ina mbeidh na leasuithe uile a bheidhdéanta air go dtí sin, a ullmhú faoina threorú.

2° Gach téacs a ullmhófar amhlaidh ní foláir donUachtarán a lámh a chur le cóip de ar bheithfíoraithe di le sínithe an Taoisigh agus an Phríomh-Bhreithimh, agus ní foláir an chóip sin a churisteach ina hiris in oifig Iriseoir na Cúirte Uachtaraí.

3° An chóip a bheidh sínithe agus curtha isteachina hiris amhlaidh agus arb í an téacs is deireanaí,arna ullmhú amhlaidh, in alt na huaire í, beidh sí,ar bheith curtha isteach ina hiris di amhlaidh, inafianaise dhochloíte ar an mBunreacht seo mar abheidh ar dháta an chóip sin a chur isteach ina hirisamhlaidh agus, chuige sin, gabhfaidh sí ionad nadtéacsanna uile den Bhunreacht seo a mbeidhcóipeanna díobh curtha isteach ina n-iris amhlaidhroimhe sin.

4° I gcás gan na téacsanna d’aon chóip áiritheden Bhunreacht seo a bheidh curtha isteach ina hirisfaoin alt seo a bheith de réir a chéile, is ag an téacs Gaeilge a bheidh an forlámhas.


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Reference of Bills to the Supreme Court

ARTICLE 26

This Article applies to any Bill passed or deemed tohave been passed by both Houses of the Oireachtasother than a Money Bill, or a Bill expressed to be aBill containing a proposal to amend the Constitution,or a Bill the time for the consideration of which bySeanad Éireann shall have been abridged underArticle 24 of this Constitution.

1 1° The President may, after consultation with theCouncil of State, refer any Bill to which thisArticle applies to the Supreme Court for adecision on the question as to whether such Billor any specified provision or provisions of suchBill is or are repugnant to this Constitution or toany provision thereof.

2° Every such reference shall be made not laterthan the seventh day after the date on which suchBill shall have been presented by the Taoiseach tothe President for his signature.

3° The President shall not sign any Bill thesubject of a reference to the Supreme Court underthis Article pending the pronouncement of thedecision of the Court.

2 1° The Supreme Court consisting of not less thanfive judges shall consider every question referred


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Billí a chur faoi bhreith na Cúirte Uachtaraí

AIRTEAGAL 26

Baineann an tAirteagal seo le gach Bille a ritear nó amheastar a ritheadh ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais, achamháin Bille Airgid, nó Bille a luaitear a bheith inaBhille a bhfuil togra ann chun an Bunreacht a leasú,nó Bille a ndearnadh an tréimhse chun a bhreithnitheag Seanad Éireann a ghiorrú faoi Airteagal 24 denBhunreacht seo.

1 1° Is cead don Uachtarán, tar éis comhairle aghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit, aon Bhille lenambaineann an tAirteagal seo a chur faoi bhreithna Cúirte Uachtaraí féachaint an bhfuil an Billesin nó aon fhoráil nó aon fhorálacha áirithe de inaghaidh an Bhunreachta seo nó in aghaidh aonfhorála de.

2° I ngach cás den sórt sin ní foláir an Bille a churfaoi bhreith na Cúirte lá nach déanaí ná an seachtúlá tar éis an dáta a thairgeann an Taoiseach anBille don Uachtarán chun a lámh a chur leis.

3° Bille ar bith a chuirtear faoi bhreith na CúirteUachtaraí faoin Airteagal seo, ní cead donUachtarán a lámh a chur leis go dtí go dtugann anChúirt a breith.

2 1° Ní foláir don Chúirt Uachtarach, cúirt inambeidh cúigear breitheamh ar a laghad, gach ceist


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to it by the President under this Article for adecision, and, having heard arguments by or onbehalf of the Attorney General and by counselassigned by the Court, shall pronounce itsdecision on such question in open court as soon asmay be, and in any case not later than sixty daysafter the date of such reference.

2° The decision of the majority of the judges ofthe Supreme Court shall, for the purposes of thisArticle, be the decision of the Court and shall bepronounced by such one of those judges as theCourt shall direct, and no other opinion, whetherassenting or dissenting, shall be pronounced norshall the existence of any such other opinion bedisclosed.

3 1° In every case in which the Supreme Courtdecides that any provision of a Bill the subject of areference to the Supreme Court under this Articleis repugnant to this Constitution or to any provisionthereof, the President shall decline to sign such Bill.

2° If, in the case of a Bill to which Article 27 ofthis Constitution applies, a petition has beenaddressed to the President under that Article, thatArticle shall be complied with.


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dá gcuireann an tUachtarán faoina breith faoinAirteagal seo a bhreithniú agus, tar éis éisteacht lehargóintí ón Ard-Aighne nó thar a cheann agus óabhcóidí a thoghfar ag an gCúirt, ní foláir di a breithar an gceist sin a thabhairt sa chúirt go poiblí chomhluath agus is féidir é agus, ar aon chuma, lá nachdéanaí ná seasca lá tar éis an cheist a chur faoinabreith.

2° An bhreith a bheireann an tromlach debhreithiúna na Cúirte Uachtaraí, sin í breith naCúirte chun críocha an Airteagail seo agus is é achraolfas an bhreith sin ná an duine sin de nabreithiúna sin a cheapfaidh an Chúirt chuige sin,agus ní cead tuairim ar bith eile, ag aontú nó ageasaontú leis an mbreith sin, a chraoladh ná ní ceada nochtadh tuairim ar bith eile den sórt sin a bheithann.

3 1° I gcás aon Bhille a chuirtear faoi bhreith naCúirte Uachtaraí faoin Airteagal seo, más é breithna Cúirte go bhfuil aon fhoráil de in aghaidh anBhunreachta seo nó in aghaidh aon fhorála de, nífoláir don Uachtarán diúltú dá lámh a chur leis anmBille sin.

2° I gcás achainí a bheith curtha chun anUachtaráin faoi Airteagal 27 den Bhunreacht seoi dtaobh Bille lena mbaineann an tAirteagal sin, nífoláir an tAirteagal sin a chomhlíonadh.


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3° In every other case the President shall sign theBill as soon as may be after the date on which thedecision of the Supreme Court shall have beenpronounced.

Reference of Bills to the People

ARTICLE 27

This Article applies to any Bill, other than a Billexpressed to be a Bill containing a proposal for theamendment of this Constitution, which shall havebeen deemed, by virtue of Article 23 hereof, to havebeen passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas.

1 A majority of the members of Seanad Éireann andnot less than one-third of the members of DáilÉireann may by a joint petition addressed to thePresident by them under this Article request thePresident to decline to sign and promulgate as alaw any Bill to which this article applies on theground that the Bill contains a proposal of suchnational importance that the will of the peoplethereon ought to be ascertained.

2 Every such petition shall be in writing and shallbe signed by the petitioners whose signaturesshall be verified in the manner prescribed by law.


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3° I ngach cás eile ní foláir don Uachtarán a lámha chur leis an mBille chomh luath agus is féidir étar éis an lae a bheireann an Chúirt Uachtarach abreith.

Billí a chur faoi bhreith an Phobail

AIRTEAGAL 27

Baineann an tAirteagal seo le gach Bille, seachasBille a luaitear a bheith ina Bhille a bhfuil togra annchun an Bunreacht seo a leasú, a mheastar, de bhuaAirteagal 23 den Bhunreacht seo, a ritheadh ag dháTheach an Oireachtais.

1 Is cead do thromlach de chomhaltaí SheanadÉireann, i bhfochair trian ar a laghad de chomhaltaíDháil Éireann, comhachainí a chur chun anUachtaráin faoin Airteagal seo, á iarraidh air diúltúdá lámh a chur le haon Bhille lena mbaineann antAirteagal seo agus don Bhille sin a fhógairt inadhlí, toisc togra a bheith ann ina bhfuil an oireadsin tábhacht náisiúnta gur chóir breith an phobaila fháil air.

2 Ní foláir gach achainí den sórt sin a bheith iscríbhinn agus í a bheith faoi láimh an lucht achainíagus ní foláir a sínithe sin a bheith fíoraithe ar anmodh a ordaítear le dlí.


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3 Every such petition shall contain a statement ofthe particular ground or grounds on which therequest is based, and shall be presented to thePresident not later than four days after the date onwhich the Bill shall have been deemed to havebeen passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas.

4 1° Upon receipt of a petition addressed to himunder this Article, the President shall forthwithconsider such petition and shall, after consultationwith the Council of State, pronounce his decisionthereon not later than ten days after the date onwhich the Bill to which such petition relates shallhave been deemed to have been passed by bothHouses of the Oireachtas.

2° If the Bill or any provision thereof is or has beenreferred to the Supreme Court under Article 26 ofthis Constitution, it shall not be obligatory on thePresident to consider the petition unless or until theSupreme Court has pronounced a decision on suchreference to the effect that the said Bill or the saidprovision thereof is not repugnant to thisConstitution or to any provision thereof, and, if adecision to that effect is pronounced by theSupreme Court, it shall not be obligatory on thePresident to pronounce his decision on the petitionbefore the expiration of six days after the day onwhich the decision of the Supreme Court to theeffect aforesaid is pronounced.


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3 Ní foláir léirthuairisc a bheith i ngach achainí densórt sin ar an ábhar nó ar na hábhair áirithe ar abhfuil sí bunaithe, agus í a thairiscint donUachtarán lá nach déanaí ná ceithre lá tar éis andáta a meastar a ritheadh an Bille ag dhá Theachan Oireachtais.

4 1° Chomh luath agus a gheibheann an tUachtaránachainí faoin Airteagal seo ní foláir dó í a bhreithniúagus, tar éis comhairle a ghlacadh leis angComhairle Stáit, a bhreith a thabhairt uirthi lánach déanaí ná deich lá tar éis an lae a meastar aritheadh, ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais, an Billesin lena mbaineann an achainí.

2° I gcás an Bille nó aon fhoráil de a chur faoibhreith na Cúirte Uachtaraí faoi Airteagal 26 denBhunreacht seo ní bheidh ar an Uachtarán anachainí a bhreithniú mura ndéana ná go dtí gondéanfaidh an Chúirt Uachtarach, de dhroim anchurtha faoi bhreith sin, breith a chraoladh ádhearbhú gan an Bille sin nó an fhoráil sin de abheith in aghaidh an Bhunreachta seo ná in aghaidhaon fhorála de agus, i gcás an Chúirt Uachtarach dochraoladh breithe á dhearbhú sin, ní bheidh ar anUachtarán a bhreith ar an achainí a chraoladh go ceann sé lá tar éis an lae a chraolfar breith naCúirte Uachtaraí ag dearbhú mar a dúradh.


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5 1° In every case in which the President decidesthat a Bill the subject of a petition under this Articlecontains a proposal of such national importancethat the will of the people thereon ought to beascertained, he shall inform the Taoiseach and theChairman of each House of the Oireachtasaccordingly in writing under his hand and Seal andshall decline to sign and promulgate such Bill as alaw unless and until the proposal shall have beenapproved either

i by the people at a Referendum inaccordance with the provisions of section2 of Article 47 of this Constitution withina period of eighteen months from the dateof the President’s decision, or

ii by a resolution of Dáil Éireann passedwithin the said period after a dissolutionand re-assembly of Dáil Éireann.

2° Whenever a proposal contained in a Bill thesubject of a petition under this Article shall havebeen approved either by the people or by aresolution of Dáil Éireann in accordance with theforegoing provisions of this section, such Bill shallas soon as may be after such approval be presentedto the President for his signature and promulgationby him as a law and the President shall thereuponsign the Bill and duly promulgate it as a law.


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5 1° I gcás gach Bille is siocair d’achainí faoinAirteagal seo, más é breith an Uachtaráin go bhfuiltogra ann ina bhfuil an oiread sin tábhacht náisiúntagur chóir breith an phobail a fháil air, ní foláir dóscríbhinn faoina láimh agus faoina Shéala a chur godtí an Taoiseach agus go dtí Cathaoirleach gach Tíden Oireachtas á chur sin in iúl dóibh, agus diúltúdá lámh a chur leis an mBille sin agus dá fhógairtina dhlí mura nglactar, agus go dtí go nglactar, antogra

i le toil an phobail i Reifreann de réirforálacha alt 2 d’Airteagal 47 denBhunreacht seo, taobh istigh d’ocht mídhéag ón lá a bheireann an tUachtarán abhreith, nó

ii le rún ó Dháil Éireann arna rith taobhistigh den tréimhse réamhráite i ndiaidhlánscor agus ationól do Dháil Éireann.

2° Cibé uair a dhéantar togra a bhíonn i mBille issiocair d’achainí faoin Airteagal seo a ghlacadh letoil an phobail nó le rún ó Dháil Éireann de réir nabhforálacha sin romhainn den alt seo, ní foláir anBille sin a thairiscint don Uachtarán chomh luathagus is féidir é tar éis a ghlactha, chun a lámh achur leis agus é a fhógairt ina dhlí, agus air sin nífoláir don Uachtarán a lámh a chur leis an mBilleagus é a fhógairt go cuí ina dhlí.

THE GOVERNMENT

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6 In every case in which the President decides thata Bill the subject of a petition under this Articledoes not contain a proposal of such nationalimportance that the will of the people thereonought to be ascertained, he shall inform theTaoiseach and the Chairman of each House of theOireachtas accordingly in writing under his handand Seal, and such Bill shall be signed by thePresident not later than eleven days after the dateon which the Bill shall have been deemed to havebeen passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas andshall be duly promulgated by him as a law.

THE GOVERNMENT

ARTICLE 28

1 The Government shall consist of not less thanseven and not more than fifteen members whoshall be appointed by the President in accordancewith the provisions of this Constitution.

2 The executive power of the State shall, subject tothe provisions of this Constitution, be exercisedby or on the authority of the Government.

AN RIALTAS

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6 I gcás gach Bille is siocair d’achainí faoin Airteagalseo, más é breith an Uachtaráin nach bhfuil aontogra ann ina bhfuil an oiread sin tábhacht náisiúntagur chóir breith an phobail a fháil air, ní foláir dóscríbhinn faoina láimh agus faoina Shéala a churgo dtí an Taoiseach agus go dtí Cathaoirleach gachTí den Oireachtas á chur sin in iúl dóibh, agus alámh a chur leis an mBille sin lá nach déanaí ná aon lá dhéag tar éis an lae a meastar a ritheadh anBille sin ag dhá Theach an Oireachtais, agus é afhógairt go cuí ina dhlí.

AN RIALTAS

AIRTEAGAL 28

1 Mórsheisear ar a laghad, agus cúig dhuine dhéagar a mhéid, líon comhaltaí an Rialtais, agus is é antUachtarán a cheapfas na comhaltaí sin de réirforálacha an Bhunreachta seo.

2 Faoi chuimsiú forálacha an Bhunreachta seo, is éan Rialtas a oibreos, nó is le húdarás an Rialtais aoibreofar, cumhacht chomhallach an Stáit.

THE GOVERNMENT

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3 1° War shall not be declared and the State shallnot participate in any war save with the assent ofDáil Éireann.

2° In the case of actual invasion, however, theGovernment may take whatever steps they mayconsider necessary for the protection of the State,and Dáil Éireann if not sitting shall be summonedto meet at the earliest practicable date.

3° Nothing in this Constitution other than Article15.5.2° shall be invoked to invalidate any lawenacted by the Oireachtas which is expressed to befor the purpose of securing the public safety andthe preservation of the State in time of war orarmed rebellion, or to nullify any act done or purporting to be done in time of war or armedrebellion in pursuance of any such law. In this sub-section “time of war” includes a time when there istaking place an armed conflict in which the State isnot a participant but in respect of which each of theHouses of the Oireachtas shall have resolved that,arising out of such armed conflict, a nationalemergency exists affecting the vital interests of theState and “time of war or armed rebellion”includes such time after the termination of any war,or of any such armed conflict as aforesaid, or of anarmed rebellion, as may elapse until each of theHouses of the Oireachtas shall have resolved thatthe national emergency occasioned by such

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3 1° Ní dleathach cogadh a fhógairt ná páirt abheith ag an Stát in aon chogadh ach amháin lehaontú Dháil Éireann.

2° Ach féadfaidh an Rialtas, i gcás ionraidh, aonní a dhéanamh a mheasfaid a bheith riachtanachchun an Stát a chosaint, agus mura mbeidh DáilÉireann ina suí ní foláir í a thionól chomh luathagus is féidir é.

3° Ní cead aon ní dá bhfuil sa Bhunreacht seoseachas Airteagal 15.5.2° a agairt chun aon dlí dán-achtaíonn an tOireachtas a chur ó bhail máluaitear ann gur dlí é chun slándáil an phobail achur in áirithe agus chun an Stát a chaomhnú inaimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm, ná chunaon ghníomh dá ndéantar nó a bheireann le tuiscintgur gníomh é a dhéantar in aimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm de bhun aon dlí den sórt sin,a chur ar neamhní. San fho-alt seo, folaíonn“aimsir chogaidh” tráth a bheidh coinbhleacht faoiarm ar siúl nach mbeidh an Stát páirteach ann achgo mbeidh beartaithe ag gach Teach den Oireachtasina thaobh le rún go bhfuil ann, de dheasca anchoinbhleachta sin faoi arm, staid phráinnenáisiúnta a dhéanann difear do bhonn beatha anStáit agus folaíonn “aimsir chogaidh nó ceannaircefaoi arm” an tréimhse aimsire sin a bheidh idir antráth a chuirfear deireadh le haon chogadh, nó lehaon choinbhleacht faoi arm den sórt sin

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war, armed conflict, or armed rebellion hasceased to exist.

4 1° The Government shall be responsible to DáilÉireann.

2° The Government shall meet and act as acollective authority, and shall be collectivelyresponsible for the Departments of Stateadministered by the members of the Government.

3° The confidentiality of discussions at meetingsof the Government shall be respected in allcircumstances save only where the High Courtdetermines that disclosure should be made inrespect of a particular matter –

i in the interests of the administration ofjustice by a Court, or

ii by virtue of an overriding public interest,pursuant to an application in that behalf bya tribunal appointed by the Government ora Minister of the Government on theauthority of the Houses of the Oireachtasto inquire into a matter stated by them tobe of public importance.

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réamhráite, nó le ceannairc faoi arm agus an trátha bheartóidh gach Teach den Oireachtas le rúnnach ann a thuilleadh don staid phráinne náisiúntaarbh é an cogadh sin, nó an coinbhleacht sin faoiarm, nó an cheannairc sin faoi arm faoi deara é.

4 1° Tá an Rialtas freagrach do Dháil Éireann.

2° I gcomhúdarás a thiocfaidh an Rialtas le chéileagus a ghníomhóid, agus táid go léir le chéilefreagrach sna Ranna Stáit a riartar ag comhaltaían Rialtais.

3° Déanfar rúndacht na bpléití ag cruinnithe denRialtas a urramú i ngach toisc ach amháin i gcásina gcinnfidh an Ard-Chúirt gur ceart nochtadh adhéanamh i dtaobh ní áirithe –

i ar mhaithe le riaradh cirt ag Cúirt, nó

ii de bhua leasa phoiblí sháraithigh, de bhuniarratais chuige sin ó bhinse arnacheapadh ag an Rialtas nó ag Aire denRialtas le húdarás Thithe an Oireachtaischun fiosrú a dhéanamh faoi ní a luafaidhsiad ina thaobh go bhfuil tábhacht phoiblíann.

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4° The Government shall prepare Estimates ofthe Receipts and Estimates of the Expenditure ofthe State for each financial year, and shall presentthem to Dáil Éireann for consideration.

5 1° The head of the Government, or PrimeMinister, shall be called, and is in thisConstitution referred to as, the Taoiseach.

2° The Taoiseach shall keep the Presidentgenerally informed on matters of domestic andinternational policy.

6 1° The Taoiseach shall nominate a member of theGovernment to be the Tánaiste.

2° The Tánaiste shall act for all purposes in theplace of the Taoiseach if the Taoiseach should die,or become permanently incapacitated, until a newTaoiseach shall have been appointed.

3° The Tánaiste shall also act for or in the placeof the Taoiseach during the temporary absence ofthe Taoiseach.

7 1° The Taoiseach, the Tánaiste and the member ofthe Government who is in charge of theDepartment of Finance must be members of DáilÉireann.

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4° Ní foláir don Rialtas Meastacháin ar Fháltasan Stáit agus Meastacháin ar Chaitheamh Airgidan Stáit a ullmhú i gcomhair gach bliana airgeadais,agus iad a chur os comhair Dháil Éireann chun ambreithnithe.

5 1° An Taoiseach is teideal do cheann an Rialtais,.i. an Príomh-Aire, agus sin é a bheirtear air saBhunreacht seo.

2° Ní foláir don Taoiseach eolas i gcoitinne athabhairt don Uachtarán ar nithe a bhaineas lebeartas inmheánach agus le beartas idirnáisiúnta.

6 1° Ní foláir don Taoiseach comhalta den Rialtasa ainmniú chun bheith ina Thánaiste.

2° Má éagann an Taoiseach nó má ghabhannmíthreoir bhuan é, ní foláir don Tánaiste gníomhúchun gach críche in ionad an Taoisigh nó gogceaptar Taoiseach eile.

3° Ní foláir don Tánaiste, fairis sin, gníomhú tharceann nó in ionad an Taoisigh le linn eisean abheith as láthair go sealadach.

7 1° Ní foláir an Taoiseach agus an Tánaiste agus ancomhalta sin den Rialtas a bheas i mbun an RoinnAirgeadais a bheith ina gcomhaltaí de DháilÉireann.

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2° The other members of the Government must bemembers of Dáil Éireann or Seanad Éireann, butnot more than two may be members of SeanadÉireann.

8 Every member of the Government shall have theright to attend and be heard in each House of theOireachtas.

9 1° The Taoiseach may resign from office at anytime by placing his resignation in the hands of thePresident.

2° Any other member of the Government mayresign from office by placing his resignation inthe hands of the Taoiseach for submission to thePresident.

3° The President shall accept the resignation of amember of the Government, other than theTaoiseach, if so advised by the Taoiseach.

4° The Taoiseach may at any time, for reasonswhich to him seem sufficient, request a memberof the Government to resign; should the memberconcerned fail to comply with the request, hisappointment shall be terminated by the Presidentif the Taoiseach so advises.

10 The Taoiseach shall resign from office upon hisceasing to retain the support of a majority in Dáil

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2° Ní foláir na comhaltaí eile den Rialtas a bheithina gcomhaltaí de Dháil Éireann nó de SheanadÉireann ach ní dleathach thar beirt acu a bheith inagcomhaltaí de Sheanad Éireann.

8 Tá sé de cheart ag gach comhalta den Rialtasbheith i láthair agus labhairt i ngach Teach denOireachtas.

9 1° Tig leis an Taoiseach éirí as oifig uair ar bithtrína chur sin in iúl don Uachtarán.

2° Tig le haon chomhalta eile den Rialtas éirí asoifig trína chur sin in iúl don Taoiseach chun anscéal a chur faoi bhráid an Uachtaráin.

3° Ní foláir don Uachtarán glacadh le haonchomhalta den Rialtas, seachas an Taoiseach, d’éirías oifig má chomhairlíonn an Taoiseach é sin dó.

4° Tig leis an Taoiseach uair ar bith, ar ábhair isleor leis féin, a iarraidh ar chomhalta den Rialtaséirí as oifig; mura ndéana an comhalta sin de réirna hachainí sin, ní foláir don Uachtarán ancomhalta sin a chur as oifig má chomhairlíonn anTaoiseach dó é.

10 Aon uair nach leanann tromlach i nDáil Éireannde bheith i dtacaíocht leis an Taoiseach, ní foláir

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Éireann unless on his advice the Presidentdissolves Dáil Éireann and on the reassembly ofDáil Éireann after the dissolution the Taoiseachsecures the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann.

11 1° If the Taoiseach at any time resigns from officethe other members of the Government shall bedeemed also to have resigned from office, but theTaoiseach and the other members of theGovernment shall continue to carry on their dutiesuntil their successors shall have been appointed.

2° The members of the Government in office atthe date of a dissolution of Dáil Éireann shallcontinue to hold office until their successors shallhave been appointed.

12 The following matters shall be regulated inaccordance with law, namely, the organization of,and distribution of business amongst, Depart-ments of State, the designation of members of theGovernment to be the Ministers in charge of thesaid Departments, the discharge of the functions ofthe office of a member of the Government duringhis temporary absence or incapacity, and theremuneration of the members of the Government.

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dósan éirí as oifig mura lánscoireann an tUachtaránDáil Éireann ar chomhairle an Taoisigh agus go n-éiríonn leis an Taoiseach tacaíocht tromlaigh inDáil Éireann a fháil ar ationól do Dháil Éireanni ndiaidh an lánscoir.

11 1° Má éiríonn an Taoiseach as oifig tráth ar bith,ní foláir a mheas go n-éiríonn an chuid eile dechomhaltaí an Rialtais as oifig fairis sin; achleanfaidh an Taoiseach agus an chuid eile dechomhaltaí an Rialtais dá ndualgais nó go gceaptara gcomharbaí.

2° Na comhaltaí den Rialtas a bheas in oifig lálánscortha Dháil Éireann, leanfaid dá n-oifig nógo gceaptar a gcomharbaí.

12 Is de réir dlí a rialófar na nithe seo a leanas .i. RannaStáit a chomheagrú agus gnó a roinnt orthu,comhaltaí den Rialtas a cheapadh chun bheith inanAirí i mbun na Ranna sin, na feidhmeanna abhaineas le hoifig chomhalta den Rialtas achomhlíonadh le linn an comhalta sin a bheithtamall as láthair nó ar míthreoir, agus tuarastalcomhaltaí an Rialtais.

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT

ARTICLE 28A

1 The State recognises the role of local governmentin providing a forum for the democraticrepresentation of local communities, in exercisingand performing at local level powers andfunctions conferred by law and in promoting byits initiatives the interests of such communities.

2 There shall be such directly elected local authoritiesas may be determined by law and their powers andfunctions shall, subject to the provisions of thisConstitution, be so determined and shall beexercised and performed in accordance with law.

3 Elections for members of such local authoritiesshall be held in accordance with law not later thanthe end of the fifth year after the year in whichthey were last held.

4 Every citizen who has the right to vote at anelection for members of Dáil Éireann and suchother persons as may be determined by law shallhave the right to vote at an election for members ofsuch of the local authorities referred to in section 2of this Article as shall be determined by law.

5 Casual vacancies in the membership of localauthorities referred to in section 2 of this Articleshall be filled in accordance with law.

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RIALTAS ÁITIÚIL

AIRTEAGAL 28A

1 Admhaíonn an Stát an ról atá ag rialtas áitiúil maidirle fóram a chur ar fáil le haghaidh ionadaíochtadaonlathaí do phobail áitiúla, maidir le cumhachtaíagus feidhmeanna a bheirtear le dlí a oibriú agus achomhlíonadh ag leibhéal áitiúil agus maidir leleasanna na bpobal sin a chur chun cinn trínathionscnaimh.

2 Beidh cibé údaráis áitiúla dhírthofa ann achinnfear le dlí agus déanfar a gcumhachtaí agusa bhfeidhmeanna a chinneadh amhlaidh, faoichuimsiú fhorálacha an Bhunreachta seo, agusoibreofar agus comhlíonfar iad de réir dlí.

3 Ní foláir toghcháin do chomhaltaí de na húdaráisáitiúla sin a dhéanamh de réir dlí tráth nachdéanaí ná deireadh an cúigiú bliain tar éis nabliana ina ndearnadh go deireanach iad.

4 Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil ceart vótála i dtoghcháncomhaltaí do Dháil Éireann agus cibé daoine eile achinnfear le dlí, beidh ceart vótála acu i dtoghcháncomhaltaí cibé údaráis áitiúla dá dtagraítear in alt 2den Airteagal seo a chinnfear le dlí.

5 Déanfar corrfholúntais i gcomhaltas údarás áitiúildá dtagraítear in alt 2 den Airteagal seo a líonadhde réir dlí.

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ARTICLE 29

1 Ireland affirms its devotion to the ideal of peaceand friendly co-operation amongst nationsfounded on international justice and morality.

2 Ireland affirms its adherence to the principle ofthe pacific settlement of international disputes byinternational arbitration or judicial determination.

3 Ireland accepts the generally recognised principlesof international law as its rule of conduct in itsrelations with other States.

4 1° The executive power of the State in or inconnection with its external relations shall inaccordance with Article 28 of this Constitution beexercised by or on the authority of the Government.

2° For the purpose of the exercise of anyexecutive function of the State in or in connectionwith its external relations, the Government may tosuch extent and subject to such conditions, if any,as may be determined by law, avail of or adopt anyorgan, instrument, or method of procedure usedor adopted for the like purpose by the members ofany group or league of nations with which theState is or becomes associated for the purpose of

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AIRTEAGAL 29

1 Dearbhaíonn Éire gur mian léi síocháin aguscomhar, de réir an chothroim idirnáisiúnta agusna moráltachta idirnáisiúnta, a bheith ar bun idirnáisiúin an domhain.

2 Dearbhaíonn Éire fós gur mian léi go ndéanfaígach achrann idir náisiúin a réiteach go síochántale headráin idirnáisiúnta nó le cinneadhbreithiúnach.

3 Glacann Éire le bunrialacha gnáth-admhaithe andlí idirnáisiúnta le bheith ina dtreoir d'Éirinn inacaidreamh le Stáit eile.

4 1° De réir Airteagal 28 den Bhunreacht seo is é anRialtas a oibreos, nó is le húdarás an Rialtais aoibreofar, cumhacht chomhallach an Stáit maidirlena chaidreamh eachtrach.

2° Ionas go bhféadfar aon fheidhm chomhallachleis an Stát a oibriú maidir lena chaidreamheachtrach féadfaidh an Rialtas, sa mhéid gogcinnfear le dlí agus faoi chuimsiú cibécoinníollacha a chinnfear le dlí, má chinntear, aonorgan stáit nó sás nó nós imeachta a chur chuncríche nó a ghlacadh a chuirtear chun críche nó aghlactar chun a leithéid sin de chuspóir ag nanáisiúin is comhaltaí d'aon bhuíon nó d'aon


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international co-operation in matters of commonconcern.

3° The State may become a member of theEuropean Atomic Energy Community(established by Treaty signed at Rome on the 25thday of March, 1957).

4° Ireland affirms its commitment to theEuropean Union within which the member statesof that Union work together to promote peace,shared values and the well-being of their peoples.

5° The State may ratify the Treaty of Lisbonamending the Treaty on European Union and theTreaty establishing the European Community,signed at Lisbon on the 13th day of December2007 (“Treaty of Lisbon”), and may be a memberof the European Union established by virtue ofthat Treaty.

6° No provision of this Constitution invalidateslaws enacted, acts done or measures adopted bythe State, before, on or after the entry into force ofthe Treaty of Lisbon, that are necessitated by theobligations of membership of the EuropeanUnion referred to in subsection 5° of this sectionor of the European Atomic Energy Community, or



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chumann de náisiúin a bhfuil nó a mbeidh an Státi gcomhlachas leo le haghaidh comhairidirnáisiúnta i gcúrsaí a bhaineas leo uile.

3° Tig leis an Stát a bheith ina chomhalta denChomhphobal Eorpach do FhuinneamhAdamhach (a bunaíodh le Conradh a síníodh saRóimh an 25ú lá de Mhárta, 1957).

4° Dearbhaíonn Éire a tiomantas i leith an AontaisEorpaigh ar laistigh de a oibríonn ballstáit anAontais sin le chéile chun an tsíocháin,comhluachanna agus leas a bpobal a chur chuncinn.

5° Tig leis an Stát Conradh Liospóin ag leasú anChonartha ar an Aontas Eorpach agus anChonartha ag bunú an Chomhphobail Eorpaigh,arna shíniú i Liospóin an 13ú lá de Nollaig 2007(“Conradh Liospóin”), a dhaingniú agus tig leis abheith ina chomhalta den Aontas Eorpach abhunaítear de bhua an Chonartha sin.

6° Ní dhéanann aon fhoráil atá sa Bhunreacht seodlíthe a d’achtaigh, gníomhartha a rinne nó beartaa ghlac an Stát roimh theacht i bhfeidhm doChonradh Liospóin, ar theacht i bhfeidhm dó nótar éis teacht i bhfeidhm dó, de bhíthin riachtanaisna n-oibleagáidí mar chomhalta den AontasEorpach dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt 5° den alt seo nó



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prevents laws enacted, acts done or measures adopted by—

i the said European Union or the EuropeanAtomic Energy Community, or institutionsthereof,

ii the European Communities or EuropeanUnion existing immediately before the entryinto force of the Treaty of Lisbon, orinstitutions thereof, or

iii bodies competent under the treaties referredto in this section,

from having the force of law in the State.

7° The State may exercise the options ordiscretions—

i to which Article 20 of the Treaty on EuropeanUnion relating to enhanced cooperationapplies,

ii under Protocol No. 19 on the Schengenacquis integrated into the framework of theEuropean Union annexed to that treaty and tothe Treaty on the Functioning of theEuropean Union (formerly known as theTreaty establishing the EuropeanCommunity), and



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den Chomhphobal Eorpach um FhuinneamhAdamhach, a chur ó bhail dlí ná cosc a chur ledlíthe a d’achtaigh, gníomhartha a rinne nó beartaa ghlac—

i an tAontas Eorpach sin nó an ComhphobalEorpach um Fhuinneamh Adamhach nóinstitiúidí den chéanna,

ii na Comhphobail Eorpacha nó an tAontasEorpach a bheidh ar marthain díreach roimhtheacht i bhfeidhm do Chonradh Liospóin, nóinstitiúidí den chéanna, nó

iii comhlachtaí atá inniúil faoi na conarthaí dádtagraítear san alt seo,

ó fheidhm dlí a bheith acu sa Stát.

7° Tig leis an Stát na roghnuithe nó na roghannaa fheidhmiú—

i a bhfuil feidhm ag Airteagal 20 denChonradh ar an Aontas Eorpach a bhaineannle comhar feabhsaithe maidir leo,

ii faoi Phrótacal Uimh. 19 maidir le acquisSchengen arna lánpháirtiú i gcreat an AontaisEorpaigh atá i gceangal leis an gconradh sinagus leis an gConradh ar Fheidhmiú anAontais Eorpaigh (ar a dtugtaí an Conradh agbunú an Chomhphobail Eorpaigh), agus



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iii under Protocol No. 21 on the position of theUnited Kingdom and Ireland in respect of thearea of freedom, security and justice, soannexed, including the option that the saidProtocol No. 21 shall, in whole or in part,cease to apply to the State,

but any such exercise shall be subject to the priorapproval of both Houses of the Oireachtas.

8° The State may agree to the decisions,regulations or other acts—

i under the Treaty on European Union and theTreaty on the Functioning of the EuropeanUnion authorising the Council of theEuropean Union to act other than byunanimity,

ii under those treaties authorising the adoptionof the ordinary legislative procedure, and

iii under subparagraph (d) of Article 82.2, thethird subparagraph of Article 83.1 andparagraphs 1 and 4 of Article 86 of the Treatyon the Functioning of the European Union,relating to the area of freedom, security andjustice,



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iii faoi Phrótacal Uimh. 21 maidir le seasamh naRíochta Aontaithe agus na hÉireann i dtacaleis an limistéar saoirse, slándála agusceartais, atá i gceangal amhlaidh, lenan-áirítear an rogha go scoirfidh an Prótacalsin Uimh. 21, go hiomlán nó go páirteach,d’fheidhm a bheith aige maidir leis an Stát,

ach beidh aon fheidhmiú den sórt sin faoi réirceadú a fháil roimh ré ó dhá Theach anOireachtais.

8° Tig leis an Stát aontú leis na cinntí, leis narialacháin nó leis na gníomhartha eile arnandéanamh—

i faoin gConradh ar an Aontas Eorpach agusfaoin gConradh ar Fheidhmiú an AontaisEorpaigh á údarú do Chomhairle an AontaisEorpaigh gníomhú ar shlí seachas d’aontoil,

ii faoi na conarthaí sin lena n-údaraítear angnáthnós imeachta reachtach a ghlacadh,agus

iii faoi fhomhír (d) d’Airteagal 82.2, faoin tríúfomhír d’Airteagal 83.1 agus faoi mhíreanna1 agus 4 d’Airteagal 86 den Chonradh arFheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh, a bhaineannleis an limistéar saoirse, slándála agusceartais,



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but the agreement to any such decision, regulationor act shall be subject to the prior approval of bothHouses of the Oireachtas.

9° The State shall not adopt a decision taken bythe European Council to establish a commondefence pursuant to Article 42 of the Treaty onEuropean Union where that common defencewould include the State.

10° The State may ratify the Treaty on Stability,Coordination and Governance in the Economicand Monetary Union done at Brussels on the 2ndday of March 2012. No provision of thisConstitution invalidates laws enacted, acts doneor measures adopted by the State that arenecessitated by the obligations of the State underthat Treaty or prevents laws enacted, acts done ormeasures adopted by bodies competent under thatTreaty from having the force of law in the State.

5 1° Every international agreement to which theState becomes a party shall be laid before DáilÉireann.

2° The State shall not be bound by anyinternational agreement involving a charge upon



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ach beidh aontú le haon chinneadh, rialachán nógníomh den sórt sin faoi réir ceadú a fháil roimhré ó dhá Theach an Oireachtais.

9° Ní ghlacfaidh an Stát cinneadh arna dhéanamhag an gComhairle Eorpach chun comhchosaint abhunú de bhun Airteagal 42 den Chonradh ar anAontas Eorpach i gcás go mbeadh an Stát sanáireamh sa chomhchosaint sin.

10° Féadfaidh an Stát an Conradh arChobhsaíocht, ar Chomhordú agus ar Rialachassan Aontas Eacnamaíoch agus Airgeadaíochtaarna dhéanamh sa Bhruiséil an 2ú lá de Mhárta2012 a dhaingniú. Ní dhéanann aon fhoráil atá saBhunreacht seo dlíthe a d’achtaigh, gníomharthaa rinne nó bearta a ghlac an Stát de bhíthinriachtanais na n-oibleagáidí atá ar an Stát faoingConradh sin a chur ó bhail dlí ná cosc a chur ledlíthe a d’achtaigh, gníomhartha a rinne nó beartaa ghlac comhlachtaí atá inniúil faoin gConradhsin ó fheidhm dlí a bheith acu sa Stát.

5 1° Ní foláir gach conradh idirnáisiúnta inambeidh an Stát páirteach a leagan os comhairDháil Éireann.

2° Aon chonradh idirnáisiúnta a chuirfeadh costasar an gciste poiblí ní bheidh sé ina cheangal ar an


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public funds unless the terms of the agreementshall have been approved by Dáil Éireann.

3° This section shall not apply to agreements orconventions of a technical and administrativecharacter.

6 No international agreement shall be part of thedomestic law of the State save as may bedetermined by the Oireachtas.

7 1° The State may consent to be bound by theBritish-Irish Agreement done at Belfast on the10th day of April, 1998, hereinafter called theAgreement.

2° Any institution established by or under theAgreement may exercise the powers andfunctions thereby conferred on it in respect of allor any part of the island of Irelandnotwithstanding any other provision of thisConstitution conferring a like power or functionon any person or any organ of State appointedunder or created or established by or under thisConstitution. Any power or function conferred onsuch an institution in relation to the settlement orresolution of disputes or controversies may be inaddition to or in substitution for any like power or


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Stát mura dtoilí Dáil Éireann le téarmaí anchonartha.

3° Ní bhaineann an t-alt seo le conarthaí ná lecomhaontuithe ar chúrsaí teicnice agusriaracháin.

6 Ní bheidh aon chonradh idirnáisiúnta ina chuid dedhlí inmheánach an Stáit ach mar a chinnfidh antOireachtas.

7 1° Tig leis an Stát a thoiliú a bheith faoi cheangalag Comhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann, arnadhéanamh i mBéal Feirste an 10ú lá d'Aibreán,1998, ar a dtugtar an Comhaontú sa Bhunreachtseo feasta.

2° Tig le haon institiúid a bhunófar leis angComhaontú nó faoin gComhaontú nacumhachtaí agus na feidhmeanna a fheidhmiú athugtar di dá chionn sin i leith oileán na hÉireannar fad nó i leith aon chuid de d'ainneoin aonfhorála eile den Bhunreacht seo lena dtugtarcumhacht nó feidhm dá samhail d'aon duine nód'aon organ Stáit arna cheapadh faoinmBunreacht seo nó arna chruthú nó arna bhunúleis an mBunreacht seo nó faoin mBunreacht seo.Féadfaidh aon chumhacht nó aon fheidhm athabharfar d'institiúid den sórt sin i ndáil lehachrainn nó conspóidí a réiteach nó a shocrú a



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function conferred by this Constitution on anysuch person or organ of State as aforesaid.

8 The State may exercise extra-territorial jurisdictionin accordance with the generally recognisedprinciples of international law.

9 The State may ratify the Rome Statute of theInternational Criminal Court done at Rome on the17th day of July, 1998.


ARTICLE 30

1 There shall be an Attorney General who shall bethe adviser of the Government in matters of lawand legal opinion, and shall exercise and performall such powers, functions and duties as are conferred or imposed on him by this Constitutionor by law.

2 The Attorney General shall be appointed by thePresident on the nomination of the Taoiseach.

3 All crimes and offences prosecuted in any courtconstituted under Article 34 of this Constitutionother than a court of summary jurisdiction shall


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bheith i dteannta nó in ionad aon chumhachta nóaon fheidhme dá samhail a thugtar leis anmBunreacht seo d'aon duine den sórt sin nó d'aonorgan Stáit den sórt sin mar a dúradh.

8 Tig leis an Stát dlínse a fheidhmiú taobh amuighdá chríoch de réir bhunrialacha gnáth-admhaithean dlí idirnáisiúnta.

9 Tig leis an Stát Reacht na Róimhe den ChúirtChoiriúil Idirnáisiúnta, a rinneadh sa Róimh an17ú lá d’Iúil, 1998, a dhaingniú

AN tARD-AIGHNE

AIRTEAGAL 30

1 Beidh Ard-Aighne ann, agus is é is comhairleachdon Rialtas i gcúrsaí dlí agus tuairimí dlí, agus nífoláir dó gach cumhacht, gach feidhm agus gachdualgas dá mbronntar nó dá gcuirtear air leis anmBunreacht seo nó le dlí a oibriú agus achomhlíonadh.

2 Is ag an Uachtarán a cheapfar an tArd-Aighnearna ainmniú sin ag an Taoiseach.

3 I gcás gach coir agus cion dá dtugtar in aon chúirt a bhunaítear faoi Airteagal 34 denBhunreacht seo, ach amháin cúirt dlínse



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be prosecuted in the name of the People and at thesuit of the Attorney General or some other personauthorised in accordance with law to act for thatpurpose.

4 The Attorney General shall not be a member ofthe Government.

5 1° The Attorney General may at any time resignfrom office by placing his resignation in the handsof the Taoiseach for submission to the President.

2° The Taoiseach may, for reasons which to himseem sufficient, request the resignation of theAttorney General.

3° In the event of failure to comply with therequest, the appointment of the Attorney Generalshall be terminated by the President if theTaoiseach so advises.

4° The Attorney General shall retire from officeupon the resignation of the Taoiseach, but maycontinue to carry on his duties until the successorto the Taoiseach shall have been appointed.

6 Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Article,the office of Attorney General, including theremuneration to be paid to the holder of the office,shall be regulated by law.


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achomaire, is in ainm an Phobail agus ar agra anArd-Aighne, nó ar agra dhuine éigin eile aúdaraítear ina chomhair sin de réir dlí, a dhéanfaran cúiseamh.

4 Ní cead an tArd-Aighne a bheith ina chomhaltaden Rialtas.

5 1° Tig leis an Ard-Aighne éirí as oifig uair ar bithtrína chur sin in iúl don Taoiseach chun an scéal achur faoi bhráid an Uachtaráin.

2° Tig leis an Taoiseach, ar ábhair is leor leis féin,a iarraidh ar an Ard-Aighne éirí as oifig.

3° Mura ndéana an tArd-Aighne de réir nahachainí sin ní foláir don Uachtarán é a chur asoifig má chomhairlíonn an Taoiseach dó é.

4° Ní foláir don Ard-Aighne dul as oifig ar éirí asoifig don Taoiseach, ach tig leis leanúint dádhualgais nó go gceaptar comharba an Taoisigh.

6 Faoi chuimsiú na bhforálacha sin romhainn denAirteagal seo is de réir dlí a rialófar oifig an Ard-Aighne, maille leis an tuarastal is iníoctha leis anté a bheas i seilbh na hoifige sin.


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ARTICLE 31

1 There shall be a Council of State to aid andcounsel the President on all matters on which thePresident may consult the said Council in relationto the exercise and performance by him of such ofhis powers and functions as are by thisConstitution expressed to be exercisable andperformable after consultation with the Council ofState, and to exercise such other functions as areconferred on the said Council by this Constitution.

2 The Council of State shall consist of the following members:

i As ex-officio members: the Taoiseach, theTánaiste, the Chief Justice, the Presidentof the Court of Appeal, the President of theHigh Court, the Chairman of Dáil Éireann,the Chairman of Seanad Éireann, and theAttorney General.

ii Every person able and willing to act as amember of the Council of State who shallhave held the office of President, or theoffice of Taoiseach, or the office of ChiefJustice, or the office of President of theExecutive Council of Saorstát Éireann.

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AIRTEAGAL 31

1 Beidh Comhairle Stáit ann chun cabhair iscomhairle a thabhairt don Uachtarán i dtaobh gachní dá gcuirfidh an tUachtarán ina gcomhairle,maidir le hé d’oibriú is do chomhlíonadh nagcumhachtaí is na bhfeidhmeanna a luaitear saBhunreacht seo a bheith inoibrithe is inchomhlíontaaige tar éis comhairle a ghlacadh leis angComhairle Stáit, agus fós chun aon fheidhmeannaeile a bhronntar ar an gComhairle sin leis anmBunreacht seo a chomhlíonadh.

2 Is iad na daoine seo a leanas a bheas inagcomhaltaí den Chomhairle Stáit:

i De bhua oifige: an Taoiseach, an Tánaiste,an Príomh-Bhreitheamh, Uachtarán naCúirte Achomhairc, Uachtarán na hArd-Chúirte, Cathaoirleach Dháil Éireann,Cathaoirleach Sheanad Éireann, agus antArd-Aighne.

ii Gach duine ar cumas dó agus ar fonn leisgníomhú ina chomhalta den ChomhairleStáit, agus a bhí tráth ina Uachtarán nó inaThaoiseach nó ina Phríomh-Bhreitheamh,nó ina Uachtarán ar Ard-ChomhairleShaorstát Éireann.


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iii Such other persons, if any, as may beappointed by the President under thisArticle to be members of the Council ofState.

3 The President may at any time and from time totime by warrant under his hand and Seal appointsuch other persons as, in his absolute discretion,he may think fit, to be members of the Council ofState, but not more than seven persons soappointed shall be members of the Council ofState at the same time.

4 Every member of the Council of State shall at thefirst meeting thereof which he attends as amember take and subscribe a declaration in thefollowing form:

“In the presence of Almighty God I dosolemnly and sincerely promise and declare thatI will faithfully and conscientiously fulfil myduties as a member of the Council of State.”

5 Every member of the Council of State appointedby the President, unless he previously dies,resigns, becomes permanently incapacitated, or isremoved from office, shall hold office until thesuccessor of the President by whom he wasappointed shall have entered upon his office.


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iii Aon daoine eile a cheapfar ag an Uachtaránfaoin Airteagal seo, má cheaptar aonduine, chun bheith ina gcomhaltaí denChomhairle Stáit.

3 Tig leis an Uachtarán uair ar bith agus ó am goham cibé daoine eile is oiriúnach leis, as achomhairle féin, a cheapadh le barántas faoinaláimh is faoina Shéala chun bheith ina gcomhaltaíden Chomhairle Stáit, ach ní dleathach tharmórsheisear a cheaptar ar an gcuma sin a bheith inagcomhaltaí den Chomhairle Stáit san am chéanna.

4 Ní foláir do gach comhalta den Chomhairle Stáit,an chéad uair a bheidh sé ar thionól denChomhairle sin ina chomhalta di, an dearbhú seoa leanas a dhéanamh agus a lámh a chur leis:

“I láthair Dia na nUilechumhacht,táimse, , á ghealladhagus á dhearbhú go sollúnta agus go fírinneachmo dhualgais i mo chomhalta den ChomhairleStáit a chomhlíonadh go dílis coinsiasach.”

5 Gach comhalta den Chomhairle Stáit a cheapfarag an Uachtarán beidh sé i seilbh oifige nó go dtécomharba an Uachtaráin a cheap é i gcúram aoifige, is é sin mura dtarlaí roimhe sin go n-éagfaidh an comhalta sin, nó go n-éireoidh asoifig, nó go ngeobhaidh míthreoir bhuan é, nó gogcuirfear as oifig é.


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6 Any member of the Council of State appointed bythe President may resign from office by placinghis resignation in the hands of the President.

7 The President may, for reasons which to himseem sufficient, by an order under his hand andSeal, terminate the appointment of any member ofthe Council of State appointed by him.

8 Meetings of the Council of State may beconvened by the President at such times andplaces as he shall determine.

ARTICLE 32

The President shall not exercise or perform any of thepowers or functions which are by this Constitutionexpressed to be exercisable or performable by himafter consultation with the Council of State unless,and on every occasion before so doing, he shall haveconvened a meeting of the Council of State and themembers present at such meeting shall have beenheard by him.


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6 Aon chomhalta den Chomhairle Stáit dágceapfaidh an tUachtarán tig leis éirí as oifig trínachur sin in iúl don Uachtarán.

7 Tig leis an Uachtarán, ar ábhair is leor leis féin,duine ar bith dár cheap sé don Chomhairle Stáit achur as oifig le hordú faoina láimh agus faoinaShéala.

8 Tig leis an Uachtarán an Chomhairle Stáit achomóradh cibé áit agus am a shocróidh sé chuige.

AIRTEAGAL 32

Cumhachtaí nó feidhmeanna ar bith a luaitear inadtaobh sa Bhunreacht seo gur dleathach donUachtarán iad a oibriú nó a chomhlíonadh tar éiscomhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit, ní ceaddon Uachtarán aon chumhacht ná feidhm díobh aoibriú ná a chomhlíonadh mura gcomóra sé anChomhairle Stáit i ngach cás roimh ré, agus éisteachtleis na comhaltaí den Chomhairle sin a bheas i láthair.

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THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL

ARTICLE 33

1 There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor Generalto control on behalf of the State all disbursementsand to audit all accounts of moneys administeredby or under the authority of the Oireachtas.

2 The Comptroller and Auditor General shall beappointed by the President on the nomination ofDáil Éireann.

3 The Comptroller and Auditor General shall not bea member of either House of the Oireachtas andshall not hold any other office or position ofemolument.

4 The Comptroller and Auditor General shall reportto Dáil Éireann at stated periods as determined bylaw.

5 1° The Comptroller and Auditor General shall notbe removed from office except for statedmisbehaviour or incapacity, and then only uponresolutions passed by Dáil Éireann and by SeanadÉireann calling for his removal.

2° The Taoiseach shall duly notify the Presidentof any such resolutions as aforesaid passed by

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AN tARD-REACHTAIRE CUNTAS AGUS CISTE

AIRTEAGAL 33

1 Beidh Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste ann chungach caitheamh airgid a rialú thar ceann an Stáit,agus chun iniúchadh a dhéanamh ar gach uilechuntas ar airgead a riartar ag an Oireachtas nófaoi údarás an Oireachtais.

2 Is ag an Uachtarán a cheapfar an tArd-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste, arna ainmniú sin ag DáilÉireann.

3 Ní cead an tArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste abheith ina chomhalta de cheachtar de Thithe anOireachtais, ná a bheith in aon oifig ná post sochaireile.

4 Ní foláir don Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Cistetuarascálacha a chur os comhair Dháil Éireann arthrátha áirithe mar a chinnfear le dlí.

5 1° Ní cead an tArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Cistea chur as oifig ach amháin de dheasca mí-iompairnó míthreora a luafar, ná an uair sin féin mura rithidDáil Éireann agus Seanad Éireann rúin á éileamhé a chur as oifig.

2° Rúin ar bith den sórt sin a rithfid Dáil Éireannagus Seanad Éireann ní foláir don Taoiseach scéala

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Dáil Éireann and by Seanad Éireann and shallsend him a copy of each such resolution certifiedby the Chairman of the House of the Oireachtasby which it shall have been passed.

3° Upon receipt of such notification and of copiesof such resolutions, the President shall forthwith,by an order under his hand and Seal, remove theComptroller and Auditor General from office.

6 Subject to the foregoing, the terms and conditionsof the office of Comptroller and Auditor Generalshall be determined by law.

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ARTICLE 34

1 Justice shall be administered in courts establishedby law by judges appointed in the mannerprovided by this Constitution, and, save in suchspecial and limited cases as may be prescribed bylaw, shall be administered in public.

2 The Courts shall comprise:i Courts of First Instance;ii a Court of Appeal; andiii a Court of Final Appeal.

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a thabhairt don Uachtarán ina dtaobh go cuí, aguscóip de gach rún den tsamhail sin a sheoladhchuige faoi theastas Chathaoirleach an Tí denOireachtas a rith é.

3° Láithreach d’éis na scéala sin agus cóipeannade na rúin sin a fháil don Uachtarán ní foláir dó,le hordú faoina láimh is faoina Shéala, an tArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste a chur as oifig.

6 Faoi chuimsiú na nithe sin romhainn, is le dlí achinnfear coinníollacha agus cúinsí oifig an Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste.

NA CÚIRTEANNA

AIRTEAGAL 34

1 Is i gcúirteanna a bhunaítear le dlí agus agbreithiúna a cheaptar ar an modh atá leagtha amachsa Bhunreacht seo a riarfar ceart, agus is go poiblía dhéanfar sin ach amháin sna cásanna speisialtateoranta sin a ordófar le dlí.

2 Beidh ar na Cúirteanna sin:i Cúirteanna Céadchéime;ii Cúirt Achomhairc; agusiii Cúirt Achomhairc Dheiridh.

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3 1° The Courts of First Instance shall include aHigh Court invested with full original jurisdictionin and power to determine all matters andquestions whether of law or fact, civil or criminal.

2° Save as otherwise provided by this Article, thejurisdiction of the High Court shall extend to thequestion of the validity of any law having regardto the provisions of this Constitution, and no suchquestion shall be raised (whether by pleading,argument or otherwise) in any Court establishedunder this or any other Article of this Constitutionother than the High Court, the Court of Appeal orthe Supreme Court.

3° No Court whatever shall have jurisdiction toquestion the validity of a law, or any provision ofa law, the Bill for which shall have been referredto the Supreme Court by the President underArticle 26 of this Constitution, or to question thevalidity of a provision of a law where thecorresponding provision in the Bill for such lawshall have been referred to the Supreme Court bythe President under the said Article 26.

4° The Courts of First Instance shall also includeCourts of local and limited jurisdiction with aright of appeal as determined by law.

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3 1° Beidh ar na Cúirteanna Céadchéime sin Ard-Chúirt ag a mbeidh lándlínse bhunaidh, aguscumhacht chun breith a thabhairt, i ngach ní agusceist dlí nó fíorais cibé sibhialta nó coiriúil iad.

2° Taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear a mhalairtleis an Airteagal seo, beidh dlínse ag an Ard-Chúirtmaidir leis an gceist sin bail a bheith nó gan abheith ar aon dlí áirithe ag féachaint d’fhorálachaan Bhunreachta seo, agus ní cead aon cheist densórt sin a tharraingt anuas (trí phléadáil ná argóintná eile) i gCúirt ar bith, arna bunú faoin Airteagalseo nó faoi aon Airteagal eile den Bhunreacht seo,seachas an Ard-Chúirt, an Chúirt Achomhairc nóan Chúirt Uachtarach.

3° Ní bheidh dlínse ag Cúirt ar bith chun bailíochtdhlí nó fhorála ar bith de dhlí a chur in amhras isdlí a ndearna an tUachtarán an Bille lena aghaidha chur faoi bhreith na Cúirte Uachtaraí faoiAirteagal 26 den Bhunreacht seo, ná chunbailíocht fhorála de dhlí a chur in amhras márinne an tUachtarán an fhoráil chomhréire saBhille le haghaidh an dlí sin a chur faoi bhreith naCúirte Uachtaraí faoin Airteagal sin 26.

4° Beidh ar na Cúirteanna Céadchéime, fairis sin,Cúirteanna ag a mbeidh dlínse theoranta áitiúilmaille le ceart achomhairc ina n-aghaidh faoi mara chinnfear le dlí.

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4 1° The Court of Appeal shall—

i save as otherwise provided by this Article, and

ii with such exceptions and subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law,

have appellate jurisdiction from all decisionsof the High Court, and shall also have appellatejurisdiction from such decisions of other courts asmay be prescribed by law.

2° No law shall be enacted excepting from theappellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appealcases which involve questions as to the validityof any law having regard to the provisions of thisConstitution.

3° The decision of the Court of Appeal shall befinal and conclusive, save as otherwise providedby this Article.

5 1° The Court of Final Appeal shall be called theSupreme Court.

2° The president of the Supreme Court shall becalled the Chief Justice.

3° The Supreme Court shall, subject to suchregulations as may be prescribed by law, haveappellate jurisdiction from a decision of the Courtof Appeal if the Supreme Court is satisfied that—

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4 1° Maidir leis an gCúirt Achomhairc—

i taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear a mhalairt leis an Airteagal seo, agus

ii taobh amuigh de cibé eisceachtaí agus faoi chuimsiú cibé rialacha a ordófar le dlí,

beidh dlínse achomhairc aici ar bhreitheanna uilena hArd-Chúirte agus, fairis sin, ar na breitheannasin ó chúirteanna eile a ordófar le dlí.

2° Ní cead aon dlí a achtú a chuirfeadh ar antaobh amuigh de dhlínse achomhairc na CúirteAchomhairc cásanna ina mbeadh ceisteanna leréiteach i dtaobh bail a bheith nó gan a bheith araon dlí, ag féachaint d’fhorálacha an Bhunreachtaseo.

3° Ní bheidh dul thar breith na Cúirte Achomhairc,taobh amuigh de chás dá socraítear a mhalairt leisan Airteagal seo.

5 1° An Chúirt Uachtarach is teideal don ChúirtAchomhairc Dheiridh.

2° An Príomh-Bhreitheamh is teideal d’uachtaránna Cúirte Uachtaraí.

3° Faoi chuimsiú cibé rialacha a ordófar le dlí,beidh dlínse achomhairc ag an gCúirt Uachtarachar bhreith ón gCúirt Achomhairc más deimhin leisan gCúirt Uachtarach—

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i the decision involves a matter of general public importance, or

ii in the interests of justice it is necessary thatthere be an appeal to the Supreme Court.

4° Notwithstanding section 4.1° hereof, theSupreme Court shall, subject to such regulationsas may be prescribed by law, have appellatejurisdiction from a decision of the High Courtif the Supreme Court is satisfied that there areexceptional circumstances warranting a directappeal to it, and a precondition for the SupremeCourt being so satisfied is the presence of eitheror both of the following factors:

i the decision involves a matter of general public importance;

ii the interests of justice.

5° No law shall be enacted excepting from theappellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Courtcases which involve questions as to the validityof any law having regard to the provisions of thisConstitution.

6° The decision of the Supreme Court shall in allcases be final and conclusive.

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i gur breith í lena ngabhann ní a bhfuil tábhacht phoiblí i gcoitinne ann, nó

ii gur gá, ar mhaithe leis an gceartas,achomharc chun na Cúirte Uachtaraí a bheith ann

4° D’ainneoin alt 4.1° den Airteagal seo, beidhag an gCúirt Uachtarach, faoi chuimsiú cibérialacha a ordófar le dlí, dlínse achomhairc arbhreith ón Ard-Chúirt más deimhin leis an gCúirtUachtarach go bhfuil imthosca neamhchoiteannaann a fhágann gur gá achomharc díreach chuici abheith ann agus, chun gur deimhin leis an gCúirtUachtarach amhlaidh, is réamhchoinníoll é gurbann do cheachtar de na tosca seo a leanas nó dóibharaon:

i gur breith í lena ngabhann ní a bhfuil tábhacht phoiblí i gcoitinne ann;

ii gur ar mhaithe leis an gceartas é.

5° Ní cead aon dlí a achtú a chuirfeadh ar an taobhamuigh de dhlínse achomhairc na CúirteUachtaraí cásanna ina mbeadh ceisteanna leréiteach i dtaobh bail a bheith nó gan a bheith araon dlí, ag féachaint d’fhorálacha Bhunreachtaseo.

6° Ní bheidh dul thar breith na Cúirte Uachtaraí igcás ar bith.

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6 1° Every person appointed a judge under thisConstitution shall make and subscribe thefollowing declaration:

“In the presence of Almighty God I do solemnly and sincerely promise and declare that Iwill duly and faithfully and to the best of myknowledge and power execute the office of ChiefJustice (or as the case may be) without fear orfavour, affection or ill-will towards any man, andthat I will uphold the Constitution and the laws.May God direct and sustain me.”

2° This declaration shall be made and subscribedby the Chief Justice in the presence of thePresident, and by each of the other judges of theSupreme Court, the judges of the Court ofAppeal, the judges of the High Court and thejudges of every other Court in the presence of theChief Justice or the senior available judge of theSupreme Court in open court.

3° The declaration shall be made and subscribedby every judge before entering upon his duties assuch judge, and in any case not later than ten daysafter the date of his appointment or such later dateas may be determined by the President.

4° Any judge who declines or neglects to make suchdeclaration as aforesaid shall be deemed to havevacated his office.

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6 1° Gach duine a cheapfar chun bheith inabhreitheamh faoin mBunreacht seo ní foláir dó andearbhú seo a leanas a dhéanamh agus a lámh a churleis:

“I láthair Dia na nUilechumhacht táimse, ,á ghealladh agus á dhearbhú go sollúnta agus gofírinneach go gcomhlíonfad go cuí agus go dílis,chomh maith agus is eol agus is cumas dom, oifig anPhríomh-Bhreithimh (nó de réir mar a oireas) ganeagla gan claonadh, gan bá gan drochaigne chunduine ar bith, agus go gcumhdód Bunreacht agusdlíthe Éireann. Dia do mo stiúradh agus do mochumhdach.”

2° Is i láthair an Uachtaráin a dhéanfaidh an Príomh-Bhreitheamh an dearbhú sin agus a chuirfidh a lámhleis, agus is sa chúirt go poiblí agus i láthair anPríomh-Bhreithimh nó an bhreithimh den ChúirtUachtarach is sinsearaí dá mbeidh ar fáil adhéanfaidh gach breitheamh eile den ChúirtUachtarach, gach breitheamh den Cúirt Achomhaircagus gach breitheamh den Ard-Chúirt agus de gachCúirt eile an dearbhú sin agus a chuirfidh lámh leis.

3° Ní foláir do gach breitheamh an dearbhú adhéanamh agus a lámh chur leis sula dté i gcúramdualgas a oifige, agus cibé scéal é, ar dháta nachdéanaí ná deich lá tar éis lae a cheaptha, nó dáta isdéanaí ná sin mar a chinnfidh an tUachtarán.

4° Aon Bhreitheamh a dhiúltós nó fhailleos andearbhú réamhráite a dhéanamh ní foláir a mheas gobhfuil scartha aige lena oifig.

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ARTICLE 35

1 The judges of the Supreme Court, the Court ofAppeal, the High Court and all other Courtsestablished in pursuance of Article 34 hereof shallbe appointed by the President.

2 All judges shall be independent in the exercise oftheir judicial functions and subject only to thisConstitution and the law.

3 No judge shall be eligible to be a member ofeither House of the Oireachtas or to hold anyother office or position of emolument.

4 1° A judge of the Supreme Court, the Court ofAppeal or the High Court shall not be removedfrom office except for stated misbehaviour orincapacity, and then only upon resolutions passedby Dáil Éireann and by Seanad Éireann callingfor his removal.

2° The Taoiseach shall duly notify the Presidentof any such resolutions passed by Dáil Éireannand by Seanad Éireann, and shall send him a copyof every such resolution certified by the Chairman of the House of the Oireachtas bywhich it shall have been passed.

3° Upon receipt of such notification and of copiesof such resolutions, the President shall forthwith,by an order under his hand and Seal, remove fromoffice the judge to whom they relate.

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AIRTEAGAL 35

1 Is ag an Uachtarán a cheapfar breithiúna na CúirteUachtaraí, ina Cúirte Achomhairc, na hArd-Chúirte agus an uile Chúirte eile a bhunaítear debhun Airteagal 34 den Bhunreacht seo.

2 Beidh gach breitheamh saor neamhspleách maidirlena fheidhmeanna breithimh a oibriú, gan desmacht air ach an Bunreacht seo agus an dlí.

3 Ní cead aon bhreitheamh a bheith ina chomhaltade cheachtar de Thithe an Oireachtais, ná bheithin aon oifig ná post sochair eile.

4 1° Ní cead breitheamh den Chúirt Uachtarach,den Cúirt Achomhairc ná den Ard-Chúirt a churas oifig ach amháin de dheasca mí-iompair nómíthreorach a luafar, ná an uair sin féin murarithid Dáil Éireann agus Seanad Éireann rúin áéileamh é a chur as oifig.

2° Rúin ar bith den sórt sin a rithfid Dáil Éireannagus Seanad Éireann ní foláir don Taoiseachscéala a thabhairt don Uachtarán ina dtaobh gocuí agus cóip de gach rún díobh a sheoladh chuige faoi theastas Chathaoirleach an Tí den Oireachtasa rith é.

3° Láithreach d’éis na scéala sin agus cóipeannade na rúin sin a fháil don Uachtarán ní foláir dó,le hordú faoina láimh is faoina Shéala, anbreitheamh lena mbainid a chur as oifig.

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5 1° The remuneration of judges shall not bereduced during their continuance in office save inaccordance with this section.

2° The remuneration of judges is subject to theimposition of taxes, levies or other charges thatare imposed by law on persons generally orpersons belonging to a particular class.

3° Where, before or after the enactment of thissection, reductions have been or are made by lawto the remuneration of persons belonging toclasses of persons whose remuneration is paid outof public money and such law states that thosereductions are in the public interest, provisionmay also be made by law to make proportionatereductions to the remuneration of judges.

ARTICLE 36

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Constitutionrelating to the Courts, the following matters shall beregulated in accordance with law, that is to say:–

i the number of judges of the SupremeCourt, of the Court of Appeal and of theHigh Court, the remuneration, age ofretirement and pensions of such judges,

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5 1° Ní cead laghdú a dhéanamh ar luach saothairbreithiúna an fad is a bheidh siad in oifig achamháin de réir an ailt seo.

2° Tá luach saothair breithiúna faoi réir gearradhcánacha, tobhach nó muirear eile a ghearrtar le dlíar dhaoine i gcoitinne nó ar dhaoine a bhaineannle haicme áirithe.

3° Más rud é, roimh an alt seo a achtú nó dá éissin, go ndearnadh nó go ndéantar laghduithe le dlíar luach saothair daoine a bhaineann le haicmídaoine a n-íoctar a luach saothair as airgead poiblíagus go luaitear sa dlí sin gur ar mhaithe le leas anphobail na laghduithe sin, féadfar socrú adhéanamh freisin le dlí chun laghduithecomhréireacha a dhéanamh ar luach saothairbreithiúna.

AIRTEAGAL 36

Faoi chuimsiú na bhforálacha sin romhainn denBhunreacht seo a bhaineas leis na Cúirteanna is de réirdlí a rialófar na nithe seo a leanas .i.–

i líon breithiúna na Cúirte Uachtaraí, naCúirte Achomhairc, agus na hArd-Chúirte, tuarastal, aois scortha agus pinsinna mbreithiúna sin,

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ii the number of the judges of all other Courts,and their terms of appointment, and

iii the constitution and organization of thesaid Courts, the distribution of jurisdictionand business among the said Courts andjudges, and all matters of procedure.

ARTICLE 37

1 Nothing in this Constitution shall operate toinvalidate the exercise of limited functions andpowers of a judicial nature, in matters other thancriminal matters, by any person or body ofpersons duly authorised by law to exercise suchfunctions and powers, notwithstanding that suchperson or such body of persons is not a judge or acourt appointed or established as such under thisConstitution.

2 No adoption of a person taking effect orexpressed to take effect at any time after thecoming into operation of this Constitution underlaws enacted by the Oireachtas and being anadoption pursuant to an order made or anauthorisation given by any person or body ofpersons designated by those laws to exercise suchfunctions and powers was or shall be invalid by

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ii líon breithiúna gach Cúirte eile, agus nacoinníollacha faoina gceaptar iad, agus

iii comhdhéanamh agus comheagraíocht nagCúirteanna sin, roinnt na dlínse agus nahoibre ar na Cúirteanna sin agus ar nabreithiúna sin, agus gach ní a bhaineas lenós imeachta.

AIRTEAGAL 37

1 Aon duine nó aon dream a n-údaraítear go cuídóibh le dlí feidhmeanna agus cumhachtaíteoranta breithiúnais a oibriú i gcúrsaí nach cúrsaícoireachta, má oibríd na feidhmeanna agus nacumhachtaí sin ní bheidh an t-oibriú sin gan bhaildlí de bhíthin aon ní sa Bhunreacht seo, siúd isnach breitheamh ná cúirt a ceapadh nó a bunaíodhmar bhreitheamh nó mar chúirt faoin mBunreachtseo an duine nó an dream sin.

2 Ní raibh ná ní bheidh aon uchtáil ar dhuine aghlac éifeacht nó a bhfuil sé sainráite gur ghlac síéifeacht aon tráth tar éis don Bhunreacht seo atheacht i ngníomh faoi dhlíthe a d’achtaigh antOireachtas agus is uchtáil de bhun ordú a rinnenó údarú a thug aon duine nó aon dream a bhísonraithe leis na dlíthe sin chun na feidhmeannaagus na cumhachtaí sin a oibriú ó bhail dlí de

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reason only of the fact that such person or bodyof persons was not a judge or a court appointedor established as such under this Constitution.

TRIAL OF OFFENCES

ARTICLE 38

1 No person shall be tried on any criminal chargesave in due course of law.

2 Minor offences may be tried by courts ofsummary jurisdiction.

3 1° Special courts may be established by law forthe trial of offences in cases where it may bedetermined in accordance with such law that theordinary courts are inadequate to secure theeffective administration of justice, and thepreservation of public peace and order.

2° The constitution, powers, jurisdiction andprocedure of such special courts shall beprescribed by law.

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bhíthin amháin nár bhreitheamh ná cúirt aceapadh nó a bunaíodh mar bhreitheamh nó marchúirt faoin mBunreacht seo an duine nó andream sin.

TRIAIL I gCIONTA

AIRTEAGAL 38

1 Ní cead aon duine a thriail in aon chúis choiriúilach mar is cuí de réir dlí.

2 Féadfar mionchionta a thriail ag cúirteannadlínse achomaire.

3 1° Féadfar cúirteanna faoi leith a bhunú le dlíchun cionta a thriail i gcásanna a gcinnfear inadtaobh, de réir an dlí sin, nach leor nagnáthchúirteanna chun riaradh cirt a chur ibhfeidhm le héifeacht agus chun síocháin agusord poiblí a chaomhnú.

2° Is le dlí a shocrófar comhdhéanamh,cumhachtaí, dlínse agus nós imeachta nagcúirteanna faoi leith sin.

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4 1° Military tribunals may be established for thetrial of offences against military law alleged tohave been committed by persons while subject tomilitary law and also to deal with a state of war orarmed rebellion.

2° A member of the Defence Forces not on activeservice shall not be tried by any courtmartial orother military tribunal for an offence cognisableby the civil courts unless such offence is withinthe jurisdiction of any courtmartial or othermilitary tribunal under any law for theenforcement of military discipline.

5 Save in the case of the trial of offences undersection 2, section 3 or section 4 of this Article noperson shall be tried on any criminal chargewithout a jury.

6 The provisions of Articles 34 and 35 of thisConstitution shall not apply to any court ortribunal set up under section 3 or section 4 of thisArticle.

ARTICLE 39

Treason shall consist only in levying war against theState, or assisting any State or person or inciting orconspiring with any person to levy war against the

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4 1° Féadfar binsí míleata a bhunú chun daoine athriail i gcionta in aghaidh dlí mhíleata a deirteara rinneadar le linn a mbeith faoi dhlí mhíleata,agus fós chun broic le heisíth nó le ceannairc faoiarm.

2° Duine de na Fórsaí Cosanta nach bhfuil arfianas ní cead é a thriail i láthair aon armchúirte nábinse míleata eile i gcion is intriailte sna cúirteannasibhialta, mura cion é atá faoi dhlínse aonarmchúirte nó binse míleata eile faoi aon dlí chunsmacht míleata a chur i bhfeidhm.

5 Ní cead duine a thriail in aon chúis choiriúil ach iláthair choiste tiomanta, ach amháin i gcás ciontaa thriail faoi alt 2, alt 3 nó alt 4 den Airteagal seo.

6 Ní bhainfidh forálacha Airteagal 34 ná Airteagal35 den Bhunreacht seo le haon chúirt ná le haonbhinse a bhunófar faoi alt 3 nó alt 4 den Airteagalseo.

AIRTEAGAL 39

Is é amháin is tréas ann cogadh a chur ar an Stát, nócabhrú le stát nó le duine ar bith, nó saighdeadh faoidhuine, nó bheith i gcomhcheilg le duine, chun

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State, or attempting by force of arms or other violentmeans to overthrow the organs of governmentestablished by this Constitution, or taking part orbeing concerned in or inciting or conspiring with anyperson to make or to take part or be concerned in anysuch attempt.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

PERSONAL RIGHTS

ARTICLE 40

1 All citizens shall, as human persons, be heldequal before the law.

This shall not be held to mean that the State shallnot in its enactments have due regard todifferences of capacity, physical and moral, andof social function.

2 1° Titles of nobility shall not be conferred by theState.

2° No title of nobility or of honour may beaccepted by any citizen except with the priorapproval of the Government.

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cogadh a chur ar an Stát, nó iarracht a dhéanamh leharm nó ar mhodh fhoréigneach eile ar na horgainrialtais a bhunaítear leis an mBunreacht seo athreascairt, nó páirt nó baint a bheith ag neach lenaleithéid sin d’iarracht, nó aon duine a shaighdeadh nóbheith i gcomhcheilg leis chun a déanta nó chun páirtnó baint a bheith aige léi.

BUNCHEARTA

CEARTA PEARSANTA

AIRTEAGAL 40

1 Áirítear gurb ionann ina bpearsain daonna nasaoránaigh uile i láthair an dlí.

Ach ní intuigthe as sin nach bhféachfaidh an Státgo cuí, ina chuid achtachán, don difríocht atá idirdaoine ina mbuanna corpartha agus ina mbuannamorálta agus ina bhfeidhm chomhdhaonnach.

2 1° Ní cead don Stát gairm uaisleachta abhronnadh ar aon duine.

2° Ní cead d’aon saoránach gairm uaisleachta nágairm onóra a ghlacadh ach le haontú roimh ré ónRialtas.


3 1° The State guarantees in its laws to respect, and,as far as practicable, by its laws to defend andvindicate the personal rights of the citizen.

2° The State shall, in particular, by its laws protectas best it may from unjust attack and, in the case ofinjustice done, vindicate the life, person, goodname, and property rights of every citizen.

3° The State acknowledges the right to life of theunborn and, with due regard to the equal right tolife of the mother, guarantees in its laws torespect, and, as far as practicable, by its laws todefend and vindicate that right.

This subsection shall not limit freedom to travelbetween the State and another state.

This subsection shall not limit freedom to obtainor make available, in the State, subject to suchconditions as may be laid down by law,information relating to services lawfully availablein another state.

4 1° No citizen shall be deprived of his personalliberty save in accordance with law.

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3 1° Ráthaíonn an Stát gan cur isteach lena dhlíthear chearta pearsanta aon saoránaigh, agusráthaíonn fós na cearta sin a chosaint is a shuíomhlena dhlíthe sa mhéid gur féidir é.

2° Déanfaidh an Stát, go sonrach, lena dhlíthe,beatha agus pearsa agus dea-chlú agusmaoinchearta an uile shaoránaigh a chosaint arionsaí éagórach chomh fada lena chumas, agusiad a shuíomh i gcás éagóra.

3° Admhaíonn an Stát ceart na mbeo gan breithchun a mbeatha agus, ag féachaint go cuí dochomhcheart na máthar chun a beatha, ráthaíonnsé gan cur isteach lena dhlíthe ar an gceart sinagus ráthaíonn fós an ceart sin a chosaint is ashuíomh lena dhlíthe sa mhéid gur féidir é.

Ní theorannóidh an fo-alt seo saoirse chun taistealidir an Stát agus stát eile.

Ní theorannóidh an fo-alt seo saoirse chunfaisnéis a fháil nó a chur ar fáil sa Stát maidir leseirbhísí atá ar fáil go dleathach i stát eile ach sinfaoi chuimsiú cibé coinníollacha a fhéadfar aleagan síos le dlí.

4 1° Ní cead a shaoirse phearsanta a bhaint d’aonsaoránach ach amháin de réir dlí.

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2° Upon complaint being made by or on behalf ofany person to the High Court or any judge thereofalleging that such person is being unlawfullydetained, the High Court and any and every judgethereof to whom such complaint is made shallforthwith enquire into the said complaint and mayorder the person in whose custody such person isdetained to produce the body of such personbefore the High Court on a named day and tocertify in writing the grounds of his detention, andthe High Court shall, upon the body of suchperson being produced before that Court and aftergiving the person in whose custody he is detainedan opportunity of justifying the detention, orderthe release of such person from such detentionunless satisfied that he is being detained inaccordance with the law.

3° Where the body of a person alleged to beunlawfully detained is produced before the HighCourt in pursuance of an order in that behalfmade under this section and that Court is satisfiedthat such person is being detained in accordancewith a law but that such law is invalid havingregard to the provisions of this Constitution, theHigh Court shall refer the question of the validityof such law to the Court of Appeal by way of casestated and may, at the time of such reference or at

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2° Nuair a dhéanann duine ar bith gearán, nó adhéantar gearán thar ceann duine ar bith, leis anArd-Chúirt nó le breitheamh ar bith di á rá go bhfuilan duine sin á choinneáil ina bhrá go haindleathach,ní foláir don Ard-Chúirt agus d’aon bhreitheamhagus do gach breitheamh di chun a ndéanfar angearán sin fiosrú a dhéanamh láithreach i dtaobhan ghearáin sin agus féadfaidh a ordú do neachcoinnithe an duine sin ina bhrá an duine sin athabhairt ina phearsain i láthair na hArd-Chúirte láa ainmnítear agus a dheimhniú i scríbhinn cad isforais dá bhraighdeanas, agus ní foláir don Ard-Chúirt, nuair a bheirtear an duine sin ina phearsaini láthair na Cúirte sin agus tar éis caoi a thabhairtdo neach a choinnithe ina bhrá ar a chruthú gurbraighdeanas cóir an braighdeanas, a ordú an duinesin a scaoileadh as an mbraighdeanas sin muradeimhin leis an gCúirt sin gur de réir an dlí atáthará choinneáil.

3° I gcás duine a deirtear a bheith á choinneáil inabhrá go haindleathach a thabhairt ina phearsain iláthair na hArd-Chúirte de bhun ordaithe chuigesin arna dhéanamh faoin alt seo agus gur deimhinleis an gCúirt sin an duine sin a bheith á choinneáilina bhrá de réir dlí áirithe ach an dlí sin a bheithneamhbhailí ag féachaint d’fhorálacha anBhunreachta seo, ní foláir don Ard-Chúirt an cheistsin bail a bheith nó gan a bheith ar an dlí sin a churfaoi bhreith na Cúirte Achomhairc i bhfoirm cháis

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any time thereafter, allow the said person to be atliberty on such bail and subject to such conditionsas the High Court shall fix until the Court ofAppeal has determined the question so referred toit.

4° The High Court before which the body of aperson alleged to be unlawfully detained is to beproduced in pursuance of an order in that behalfmade under this section shall, if the President ofthe High Court or, if he is not available, the seniorjudge of that Court who is available so directs inrespect of any particular case, consist of threejudges and shall, in every other case, consist ofone judge only.

5° Nothing in this section, however, shall beinvoked to prohibit, control, or interfere with anyact of the Defence Forces during the existence ofa state of war or armed rebellion.

6° Provision may be made by law for the refusalof bail by a court to a person charged with aserious offence where it is reasonably considerednecessary to prevent the commission of a seriousoffence by that person.

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ríofa agus féadfaidh, le linn an cheist sin a churfaoi bhreith amhlaidh nó tráth ar bith ina dhiaidhsin, ligean don duine sin a shaoirse a bheith aige,faoi réir na mbannaí agus na gcoinníollacha sin acheapfaidh an Ard-Chúirt go dtí go dtabharfaidhan Chúirt Achomhairc breith ar an gceist achuirfear faoina breith amhlaidh.

4° Is triúr breitheamh is Ard-Chúirt in aon chásáirithe, ina ndéantar duine a deirtear a bheith áchoinneáil ina bhrá go haindleathach a thabhairtina phearsain i láthair na hArd-Chúirte de bhunordaithe chuige sin arna dhéanamh faoin alt seo,má dhéanann Uachtarán na hArd-Chúirte nó,mura mbeidh seisean ar fáil, an breitheamh issinsearaí den Chúirt sin dá mbeidh ar fáil a ordú,i dtaobh an cháis sin, an líon sin a bheith inti agusis breitheamh amháin is Ard-Chúirt i ngach cáseile den sórt sin.

5° Ach aon ghníomh de ghníomhartha nabhFórsaí Cosanta le linn eisíthe nó ceannaircefaoi arm, ní cead aon ní dá bhfuil san alt seo aagairt chun an gníomh sin a thoirmeasc nó a rialúnó a bhac.

6° Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun gobhféadfaidh cúirt bannaí a dhiúltú do dhuine atácúisithe i gcion tromaí sa chás go measfar leréasún é a bheith riachtanach chun an duine sin achosc ar chion tromaí a dhéanamh.

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5 The dwelling of every citizen is inviolable and shallnot be forcibly entered save in accordance with law.

6 1° The State guarantees liberty for the exercise ofthe following rights, subject to public order andmorality: –

i The right of the citizens to express freelytheir convictions and opinions.

The education of public opinion being,however, a matter of such grave import tothe common good, the State shallendeavour to ensure that organs of publicopinion, such as the radio, the press, thecinema, while preserving their rightfulliberty of expression, including criticismof Government policy, shall not be used toundermine public order or morality or theauthority of the State.

The publication or utterance ofblasphemous, seditious, or indecentmatter is an offence which shall bepunishable in accordance with law.

ii The right of the citizens to assemblepeaceably and without arms.

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5 Is slán do gach saoránach a ionad cónaithe, agus nícead dul isteach ann go foréigneach ach de réir dlí.

6 1° Ráthaíonn an Stát saoirse chun na cearta seo aleanas a oibriú ach sin a bheith faoi réir oird ismoráltachta poiblí: –

i Ceart na saoránach chun a ndeimhní is adtuairimí a nochtadh gan bac.

Ach toisc oiliúint aigne an phobail a bheithchomh tábhachtach sin do leas an phobail,féachfaidh an Stát lena chur in áirithe nachndéanfar orgain aigne an phobail, marshampla, an raidió is an preas is an cineama,a úsáid chun an t-ord nó an mhoráltachtphoiblí nó údarás an Stáit a bhonn-bhriseadh. San am chéanna coimeádfaidhna horgain sin an tsaoirse is dleacht dóibhchun tuairimí a nochtadh agus orthu sintuairimí léirmheasa ar bheartas an Rialtais.

Aon ní diamhaslach nó ceannairceach nógraosta a fhoilsiú nó a aithris is cioninphionóis é de réir dlí.

ii Ceart na saoránach chun teacht ar tionólgo sítheoilte gan arm.

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Provision may be made by law to preventor control meetings which are determinedin accordance with law to be calculated tocause a breach of the peace or to be adanger or nuisance to the general publicand to prevent or control meetings in thevicinity of either House of the Oireachtas.

iii The right of the citizens to form associ-ations and unions.

Laws, however, may be enacted for theregulation and control in the public interestof the exercise of the foregoing right.

2° Laws regulating the manner in which the rightof forming associations and unions and the rightof free assembly may be exercised shall containno political, religious or class discrimination.

THE FAMILY

ARTICLE 41

1 1° The State recognises the Family as the naturalprimary and fundamental unit group of Society,and as a moral institution possessing inalienableand imprescriptible rights, antecedent and superiorto all positive law.

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Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh de réir dlí chuncosc a chur nó rialú a dhéanamh arthionóil a gcinnfear de réir dlí gur baolbriseadh síochána a theacht díobh nó gurcontúirt nó cránas don phobal i gcoitinneiad, agus fós ar thionóil i gcóngar docheachtar de Thithe an Oireachais.

iii Ceart na saoránach chun comhlachaisagus cumainn a bhunú.

Ach is cead dlíthe a achtú chun oibriú anchirt réamhráite a rialú agus a stiúradh armhaithe leis an bpobal.

2° Ní cead aon idirdhealú maidir le polaitíocht nócreideamh nó aicmí, a bheith i ndlíthe a rialaíosmodh oibrithe an chirt chun comhlachais aguscumainn a bhunú agus an chirt chun teacht lechéile ar saorthionól.

AN TEAGHLACH

AIRTEAGAL 41

1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát gurb é an Teaghlach isbuíon-aonad príomha bunaidh don chomh-dhaonnacht de réir nádúir, agus gur foras moráltaé ag a bhfuil cearta doshannta dochloíte is ársaagus is airde ná aon reacht daonna.

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2° The State, therefore, guarantees to protect theFamily in its constitution and authority, as thenecessary basis of social order and as indispensableto the welfare of the Nation and the State.

2 1° In particular, the State recognises that by herlife within the home, woman gives to the State asupport without which the common good cannotbe achieved.

2° The State shall, therefore, endeavour to ensurethat mothers shall not be obliged by economicnecessity to engage in labour to the neglect oftheir duties in the home.

3 1° The State pledges itself to guard with specialcare the institution of Marriage, on which theFamily is founded, and to protect it against attack.

2° A Court designated by law may grant adissolution of marriage where, but only where, itis satisfied that –

i at the date of the institution of theproceedings, the spouses have lived apartfrom one another for a period of, or periodsamounting to, at least four years during theprevious five years,

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2° Ós é an Teaghlach is fotha riachtanach don ordchomhdhaonnach agus ós éigeantach é do leas anNáisiúin agus an Stáit, ráthaíonn an Stát comh-shuíomh agus údarás an Teaghlaigh a chaomhnú.

2 1° Go sonrach, admhaíonn an Stát go dtugann anbhean don Stát, trína saol sa teaghlach, cúnamhnach bhféadfaí leas an phobail a ghnóthú dáéagmais.

2° Uime sin, féachfaidh an Stát lena chur ináirithe nach mbeidh ar mháithreacha clainne, dedheasca uireasa, dul le saothar agus faillí athabhairt dá chionn sin ina ndualgais sa teaghlach.

3 1° Ós ar an bPósadh atá an Teaghlach bunaithegabhann an Stát air féin coimirce faoi leith adhéanamh ar ord an phósta agus é a chosaint arionsaí.

2° Féadfaidh Cúirt a bheidh ainmnithe le dlíscaoileadh ar phósadh a thabhairt sa chás, ach sachás amháin, gur deimhin léi –

i go raibh, ar dháta thionscnamh nan-imeachtaí, tréimhse ceithre bliana ar alaghad, nó tréimhsí ceithre bliana ar alaghad san iomlán, caite ag na céilí inagcónaí ar leithligh óna chéile le linn nagcúig bliana roimhe sin,

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ii there is no reasonable prospect of areconciliation between the spouses,

iii such provision as the Court considersproper having regard to the circumstancesexists or will be made for the spouses, anychildren of either or both of them and anyother person prescribed by law, and

iv any further conditions prescribed by laware complied with.

3° No person whose marriage has been dissolvedunder the civil law of any other State but is asubsisting valid marriage under the law for thetime being in force within the jurisdiction of theGovernment and Parliament established by thisConstitution shall be capable of contracting avalid marriage within that jurisdiction during thelifetime of the other party to the marriage sodissolved.

EDUCATION

ARTICLE 42

1 The State acknowledges that the primary andnatural educator of the child is the Family and

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ii nach bhfuil ionchas réasúnach ar bith anngo mbeidh comhréiteach idir na céilí,

iii go bhfuil cibé socrú ann, nó go ndéanfarcibé socrú, is dóigh leis an gCúirt a bheithcuí ag féachaint do na himthosca, lehaghaidh na gcéilí, le haghaidh aon leanaíle ceachtar acu nó leis an mbeirt acu agusle haghaidh aon duine eile a bheidhforordaithe le dlí, agus

iv go gcomhlíontar aon choinníollachabreise a bheidh forordaithe le dlí.

3° I gcás pósadh duine ar bith a scaoileadh faoidhlí shibhialta aon Stáit eile agus an pósadh sin,agus bail dlí air, a bheith ann fós faoin dlí a bheasi bhfeidhm in alt na huaire taobh istigh de dhlínsean Rialtais agus na Parlaiminte a bhunaítear leisan mBunreacht seo, ní fhéadfaidh an duine sinpósadh ar a mbeadh bail dlí a dhéanamh taobhistigh den dlínse sin an fad is beo don duine eile abhí sa chuing phósta a scaoileadh amhlaidh.

OIDEACHAS

AIRTEAGAL 42

1 Admhaíonn an Stát gurb é an Teaghlach ismúinteoir príomha dúchasach don leanbh, agus

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guarantees to respect the inalienable right andduty of parents to provide, according to theirmeans, for the religious and moral, intellectual,physical and social education of their children.

2 Parents shall be free to provide this education intheir homes or in private schools or in schoolsrecognised or established by the State.

3 1° The State shall not oblige parents in violationof their conscience and lawful preference to sendtheir children to schools established by the State,or to any particular type of school designated bythe State.

2° The State shall, however, as guardian of thecommon good, require in view of actual conditionsthat the children receive a certain minimumeducation, moral, intellectual and social.

4 The State shall provide for free primary educationand shall endeavour to supplement and givereasonable aid to private and corporateeducational initiative, and, when the public goodrequires it, provide other educational facilities orinstitutions with due regard, however, for therights of parents, especially in the matter ofreligious and moral formation.

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ráthaíonn gan cur isteach ar cheart doshannta náar dhualgas doshannta tuistí chun oideachas deréir a n-acmhainne a chur ar fáil dá gclainn igcúrsaí creidimh, moráltachta, intleachta, coirpagus comhdhaonnachta

2 Tig le tuistí an t-oideachas sin a chur ar fáil dágclainn ag baile nó i scoileanna príobháideacha nó iscoileanna a admhaítear nó a bhunaítear ag an Stát.

3 1° Ní cead don Stát a chur d’fhiacha ar thuistí, inaghaidh a gcoinsiasa nó a rogha dleathaí, a gclanna chur ar scoileanna a bhunaítear ag an Stát nó araon chineál áirithe scoile a ainmnítear ag an Stát.

2° Ach ós é an Stát caomhnóir leasa an phobail nífoláir dó, toisc cor an lae, é a dhéanamhéigeantach minimum áirithe oideachais a thabhairtdo na leanaí i gcúrsaí moráltachta, intleachta aguscomhdhaonnachta.

4 Ní foláir don Stát socrú a dhéanamh chunbunoideachas a bheith ar fáil in aisce, agusiarracht a dhéanamh chun cabhrú go réasúntaagus chun cur le tionscnamh oideachais idirphríobháideach agus chumannta agus, nuair isriachtanas chun leasa an phobail é, áiseanna nófundúireachtaí eile oideachais a chur ar fáil, agféachaint go cuí, áfach, do chearta tuistí, go mórmór maidir le múnlú na haigne i gcúrsaí creidimhis moráltachta.

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5 In exceptional cases, where the parents forphysical or moral reasons fail in their dutytowards their children, the State as guardian of thecommon good, by appropriate means shallendeavour to supply the place of the parents, butalways with due regard for the natural andimprescriptible rights of the child.

PRIVATE PROPERTY

ARTICLE 43

1 1° The State acknowledges that man, in virtue ofhis rational being, has the natural right,antecedent to positive law, to the privateownership of external goods.

2° The State accordingly guarantees to pass nolaw attempting to abolish the right of privateownership or the general right to transfer,bequeath, and inherit property.

2 1° The State recognises, however, that theexercise of the rights mentioned in the foregoingprovisions of this Article ought, in civil society, tobe regulated by the principles of social justice.

2° The State, accordingly, may as occasionrequires delimit by law the exercise of the said

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5 I gcásanna neamhchoiteanna nuair a tharlaíonn,ar chúiseanna corpartha nó ar chúiseanna morálta,nach ndéanaid na tuistí a ndualgais dá gclainn, nífoláir don Stát, ós é an Stát caomhnóir leasa anphobail, iarracht a dhéanamh le beart oiriúnachchun ionad na dtuistí a ghlacadh, ag féachaint gocuí i gcónaí, áfach, do chearta nádúrtha dochloítean linbh.

MAOIN PHRÍOBHÁIDEACH

AIRTEAGAL 43

1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát, toisc bua an réasúin abheith ag an duine, go bhfuil sé de cheartnádúrtha aige maoin shaolta a bheith aige dáchuid féin go príobháideach, ceart is ársa náreacht daonna.

2° Uime sin, ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon dlí a achtúd’iarraidh an ceart sin, ná gnáthcheart an duinechun maoin a shannadh agus a thiomnú agus aghlacadh ina hoidhreacht, a chur ar ceal.

2 1° Ach admhaíonn an Stát gur cuí, sachomhdhaonnacht shibhialta, oibriú na gceart atá luaite sna forálacha sin romhainn denAirteagal seo a rialú de réir bunrialacha an chirtchomhdhaonnaigh.

2° Uime sin, tig leis an Stát, de réir mar a bheasriachtanach, teorainn a chur le hoibriú na gceart

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rights with a view to reconciling their exercisewith the exigencies of the common good.

RELIGION

ARTICLE 44

1 The State acknowledges that the homage ofpublic worship is due to Almighty God. It shallhold His Name in reverence, and shall respect andhonour religion.

2 1° Freedom of conscience and the free professionand practice of religion are, subject to publicorder and morality, guaranteed to every citizen.

2° The State guarantees not to endow anyreligion.

3° The State shall not impose any disabilities ormake any discrimination on the ground ofreligious profession, belief or status.

4° Legislation providing State aid for schoolsshall not discriminate between schools under themanagement of different religious denominations,nor be such as to affect prejudicially the right ofany child to attend a school receiving public moneywithout attending religious instruction at thatschool.

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réamhráite d’fhonn an t-oibriú sin agus leas anphobail a thabhairt dá chéile.

CREIDEAMH

AIRTEAGAL 44

1 Admhaíonn an Stát go bhfuil ag dul do Dhia nanUilechumhacht é a adhradh le hómós go poiblí.Beidh urraim ag an Stát dá ainm, agus bhéarfaidhoirmhidin agus onóir do Chreideamh.

2 1° Ráthaítear do gach saoránach saoirse choinsiasa is saorchead admhála is cleachtacreidimh, ach gan san a dhul chun dochair donord phoiblí ná don mhoráltacht phoiblí.

2° Ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon chóras creidimh amhaoiniú.

3° Ní cead don Stát neach a chur faoi mhíchumasar bith ná aon idirdhealú a dhéanamh mar gheallar chreideamh nó admháil chreidimh nó céim igcúrsaí creidimh.

4° Reachtaíocht lena gcuirtear cúnamh Stáit arfáil do scoileanna ní cead idirdhealú a dhéanamhinti idir scoileanna atá faoi bhainistí aicmí creidimhseachas a chéile ná í do dhéanamh dochair docheart aon linbh chun scoil a gheibheann airgeadpoiblí a fhreastal gan teagasc creidimh sa scoil sina fhreastal.

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5° Every religious denomination shall have theright to manage its own affairs, own, acquire andadminister property, movable and immovable,and maintain institutions for religious orcharitable purposes.

6° The property of any religious denomination orany educational institution shall not be divertedsave for necessary works of public utility and onpayment of compensation.


ARTICLE 45

The principles of social policy set forth in this Articleare intended for the general guidance of theOireachtas. The application of those principles in themaking of laws shall be the care of the Oireachtasexclusively, and shall not be cognisable by any Courtunder any of the provisions of this Constitution.

1 The State shall strive to promote the welfare ofthe whole people by securing and protecting as

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5° Tá sé de cheart ag gach aicme chreidimh angnóthaí féin a bhainistí, agus maoin, idir sho-aistrithe agus do-aistrithe, a bheith dá gcuid féinacu, agus í a fháil agus a riaradh, agusfundúireachtaí chun críocha creidimh iscarthanachta a chothabháil.

6° Ní cead maoin aon aicme creidimh ná aonfhundúireachtaí oideachais a bhaint díobh achamháin le haghaidh oibreacha riachtanacha chunáise poiblí, agus sin tar éis cúiteamh a íoc leo.

BUNTREORACHA DO BHEARTASCHOMHDHAONNACH

AIRTEAGAL 45

Is mar ghnáth-threoir don Oireachtas a ceapadh nabunrialacha do bheartas chomhdhaonnach atá leagthaamach san Airteagal seo. Is ar an Oireachtas amháin abheidh sé de chúram na bunrialacha sin a fheidhmiú indéanamh dlíthe, agus ní intriailte ag Cúirt ar bithceist i dtaobh an fheidhmithe sin faoi aon fhoráild’fhorálacha an Bhunreachta seo.

1 Déanfaidh an Stát a dhícheall chun leas an phobailuile a chur chun cinn trí ord chomhdhaonnach, ina


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effectively as it may a social order in whichjustice and charity shall inform all the institutionsof the national life.

2 The State shall, in particular, direct its policytowards securing:–

i That the citizens (all of whom, men andwomen equally, have the right to anadequate means of livelihood) maythrough their occupations find the meansof making reasonable provision for theirdomestic needs.

ii That the ownership and control of thematerial resources of the community maybe so distributed amongst privateindividuals and the various classes as bestto subserve the common good.

iii That, especially, the operation of freecompetition shall not be allowed so todevelop as to result in the concentration ofthe ownership or control of essentialcommodities in a few individuals to thecommon detriment.

iv That in what pertains to the control of creditthe constant and predominant aim shall bethe welfare of the people as a whole.


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mbeidh ceart agus carthanacht ag rialú gach foraisa bhaineas leis an saol náisiúnta, a chur in áiritheagus a chaomhnú chomh fada lena chumas.

2 Déanfaidh an Stát, go sonrach, a bheartas astiúradh i slí go gcuirfear in áirithe:–

i Go bhfaighidh na saoránaigh (agus táceart acu uile, idir fhear is bean, chunleorshlí bheatha), trína ngairmeachabeatha, caoi chun soláthar réasúnta adhéanamh do riachtanais a dteaghlach.

ii Go roinnfear dílse agus urlámhas gustailshaolta an phobail ar phearsanapríobháideacha agus ar na haicmí éagsúlasa chuma is fearr a rachas chun leasa anphobail.

iii Go sonrach, nach ligfear d’oibriú nasaoriomaíochta dul chun cinn i slí godtiocfadh de an dílse nó an t-urlámhas arearraí riachtanacha a bheith ina lámha féinag beagán daoine chun dochair don phobal.

iv Gurb é leas an phobail uile is buanchuspóiragus is príomhchuspóir a rialós inambaineann le hurlámhas creidmheasa.


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v That there may be established on the landin economic security as many families asin the circumstances shall be practicable.

3 1° The State shall favour and, where necessary,supplement private initiative in industry andcommerce.

2° The State shall endeavour to secure that privateenterprise shall be so conducted as to ensurereasonable efficiency in the production anddistribution of goods and as to protect the publicagainst unjust exploitation.

4 1° The State pledges itself to safeguard withespecial care the economic interests of the weakersections of the community, and, where necessary,to contribute to the support of the infirm, thewidow, the orphan, and the aged.

2° The State shall endeavour to ensure that thestrength and health of workers, men and women,and the tender age of children shall not be abusedand that citizens shall not be forced by economicnecessity to enter avocations unsuited to their sex,age or strength.


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v Go mbunófar ar an talamh faoi shlándáilgheilleagrach an oiread teaghlach agus isféidir de réir chor an tsaoil.

3 1° Féachfaidh an Stát le fonn ar thionscnamhphríobháideach i gcúrsaí tionscail is tráchtála aguscuirfidh leis nuair is gá sin.

2° Déanfaidh an Stát iarracht chun a chur ináirithe go stiúrfar fiontraíocht phríobháideach i slígur deimhin go ndéanfar earraí a tháirgeadh agusa imdháil le hinniúlacht réasúnta agus gogcosnófar an pobal ar bhrabús éagórach.

4 1° Gabhann an Stát air féin cosaint sonrach adhéanamh ar leas gheilleagrach na n-aicmí is lúcumhacht den phobal agus, nuair a bheas riachtanasleis, cabhair maireachtála a thabhairt don easlán,don bhaintreach, don dílleacht agus don sean.

2° Déanfaidh an Stát iarracht chun a chur ináirithe nach ndéanfar neart agus sláinte lucht oibre,idir fheara is mná, ná maoth-óige leanaí a éagóradh,agus nach mbeidh ar shaoránaigh, de dheascauireasa, dul le gairmeacha nach n-oireann dá ngnénó dá n-aois nó dá neart.

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AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE 46

1 Any provision of this Constitution may beamended, whether by way of variation, addition,or repeal, in the manner provided by this Article.

2 Every proposal for an amendment of thisConstitution shall be initiated in Dáil Éireann as aBill, and shall upon having been passed ordeemed to have been passed by both Houses ofthe Oireachtas, be submitted by Referendum tothe decision of the people in accordance with thelaw for the time being in force relating to theReferendum.

3 Every such Bill shall be expressed to be “An Actto amend the Constitution”.

4 A Bill containing a proposal or proposals for theamendment of this Constitution shall not containany other proposal.

5 A Bill containing a proposal for the amendmentof this Constitution shall be signed by thePresident forthwith upon his being satisfied thatthe provisions of this Article have been compliedwith in respect thereof and that such proposal hasbeen duly approved by the people in accordancewith the provisions of section 1 of Article 47 ofthis Constitution and shall be duly promulgatedby the President as a law.

AN BUNREACHT A LEASÚ

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AN BUNREACHT A LEASÚ

AIRTEAGAL 46

1 Is cead foráil ar bith den Bhunreacht seo a leasú,le hathrú nó le breisiú nó le haisghairm, ar anmodh a shocraítear leis an Airteagal seo.

2 Gach togra chun an Bunreacht seo a leasú nífoláir é a thionscnamh i nDáil Éireann ina Bhille,agus nuair a ritear nó a mheastar a ritheadh é agdhá Theach an Oireachtais ní foláir é a chur faoibhreith an phobail le Reifreann de réir an dlí abheas i bhfeidhm i dtaobh an Reifrinn in alt nahuaire.

3 Ní foláir a lua i ngach Bille den sórt sin é a bheithina “Acht chun an Bunreacht a leasú”.

4 Aon Bhille ina mbeidh togra nó tograí chun anBunreacht seo a leasú ní cead togra ar bith eile abheith ann.

5 Aon Bhille ina mbeidh togra chun an Bunreachtseo a leasú ní foláir don Uachtarán a lámh a churleis láithreach, ar mbeith sásta dó gur comhlíonadhforálacha an Airteagail seo ina thaobh agus gurthoiligh an pobal go cuí leis an togra sin de réirforálacha alt 1 d’Airteagal 47 den Bhunreacht seo,agus ní foláir don Uachtarán é a fhógairt go cuí inadhlí.

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THE REFERENDUM

ARTICLE 47

1 Every proposal for an amendment of thisConstitution which is submitted by Referendumto the decision of the people shall, for the purposeof Article 46 of this Constitution, be held to havebeen approved by the people, if, upon havingbeen so submitted, a majority of the votes cast atsuch Referendum shall have been cast in favour ofits enactment into law.

2 1° Every proposal, other than a proposal to amendthe Constitution, which is submitted byReferendum to the decision of the people shall beheld to have been vetoed by the people if a majorityof the votes cast at such Referendum shall havebeen cast against its enactment into law and if thevotes so cast against its enactment into law shallhave amounted to not less than thirty-three andone-third per cent. of the voters on the register.

2° Every proposal, other than a proposal to amendthe Constitution, which is submitted byReferendum to the decision of the people shall forthe purposes of Article 27 hereof be held to havebeen approved by the people unless vetoed bythem in accordance with the provisions of theforegoing sub-section of this section.

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AN REIFREANN

AIRTEAGAL 47

1 Gach togra a dhéantar chun an Bunreacht seo aleasú agus a chuirtear faoi bhreith an phobail leReifreann, ní foláir a mheas, chun crícheAirteagal 46 den Bhunreacht seo, go dtoilíonn anpobal leis an togra sin má tharlaíonn, tar éis é achur mar sin faoi bhreith an phobail, gur ar thaobhé a achtú ina dhlí a thugtar tromlach na vótaí athugtar sa Reifreann sin.

2 1° Gach togra, nach togra chun leasaithe anBhunreachta, a chuirtear faoi bhreith an phobail leReifreann ní foláir a mheas go ndiúltaíonn anpobal dó más in aghaidh é a achtú ina dhlí athugtar tromlach na vótaí a thugtar sa Reifreannsin, agus nach lú an méid vótaí a thugtar amhlaidhin aghaidh é a achtú ina dhlí ná cion trí tríochad istrian faoin gcéad de líon na dtoghthóirí atá ar anrolla.

2° Gach togra, nach togra chun leasaithe anBhunreachta, a chuirtear faoi bhreith an phobail leReifreann ní foláir a mheas, chun críochaAirteagal 27 den Bhunreacht seo, go dtoilíonn anpobal leis mura ndiúltaíd dó de réir forálacha anfho-ailt sin romhainn den alt seo.

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3 Every citizen who has the right to vote at anelection for members of Dáil Éireann shall havethe right to vote at a Referendum.

4 Subject as aforesaid, the Referendum shall beregulated by law.

REPEAL OF CONSTITUTION OF SAORSTÁTÉIREANN AND CONTINUANCE OF LAWS

ARTICLE 48

The Constitution of Saorstát Éireann in forceimmediately prior to the date of the coming intooperation of this Constitution and the Constitution ofthe Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922, in sofar as that Act or any provision thereof is then in forceshall be and are hereby repealed as on and from thatdate.

ARTICLE 49

1 All powers, functions, rights and prerogativeswhatsoever exercisable in or in respect of SaorstátÉireann immediately before the 11th day ofDecember, 1936, whether in virtue of theConstitution then in force or otherwise, by the


3 Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil sé de cheart vótáil idtoghchán do chomhaltaí de Dháil Éireann tá séde cheart aige vótáil i Reifreann.

4 Faoi chuimsiú na nithe réamhráite is le dlí arialófar an Reifreann.

BUNREACHT SHAORSTÁT ÉIREANN AAISGHAIRM AGUS DLÍTHE A BHUANÚ

AIRTEAGAL 48

An Bunreacht a bheas i bhfeidhm do Shaorstát Éireanndíreach roimh lá an Bunreacht seo a theacht i ngníomhagus an tAcht um Bunreacht Shaorstáit Éireann, 1922,sa mhéid go mbeidh an tAcht sin nó aon fhoráil de ibhfeidhm an uair sin, aisghairtear leis seo iad agusbeid aisghairthe an lá sin agus as sin amach.

AIRTEAGAL 49

1 Gach uile chumhacht, feidhm, ceart agussainchumas a bhí inoibrithe i Saorstát Éireann nói dtaobh Shaorstát Éireann díreach roimh an 11úlá de Mhí Nollag, 1936, cibé acu de bhua anBhunreachta a bhí i bhfeidhm an uair sin é nó

BUNREACHT SHAORSTÁT ÉIREANN A AISGHAIRM AGUS DLÍTHE A BHUANÚ

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authority in which the executive power ofSaorstát Éireann was then vested are herebydeclared to belong to the people.

2 It is hereby enacted that, save to the extent towhich provision is made by this Constitution ormay hereafter be made by law for the exercise ofany such power, function, right or prerogative byany of the organs established by thisConstitution, the said powers, functions, rightsand prerogatives shall not be exercised or becapable of being exercised in or in respect of theState save only by or on the authority of theGovernment.

3 The Government shall be the successors of theGovernment of Saorstát Éireann as regards allproperty, assets, rights and liabilities.

ARTICLE 50

1 Subject to this Constitution and to the extent towhich they are not inconsistent therewith, thelaws in force in Saorstát Éireann immediatelyprior to the date of the coming into operation ofthis Constitution shall continue to be of full forceand effect until the same or any of them shallhave been repealed or amended by enactment ofthe Oireachtas.


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nach ea, ag an údarás ag a raibh cumhachtchomhallach Shaorstát Éireann an uair sin,dearbhaítear leis seo gur leis an bpobal iad uile.

2 Ach amháin sa mhéid go ndéantar socrú leis anmBunreacht seo, nó go ndéanfar socrú inadhiaidh seo le dlí, chun go n-oibreofar, le haonorgan dá mbunaítear leis an mBunreacht seo, aonchumhacht, feidhm, ceart nó sainchumas díobhsin, achtaítear leis seo nach dleathach agus nachféidir na cumhachtaí, na feidhmeanna, na cearta,agus na sainchumais sin a oibriú sa Stát nó idtaobh an Stáit ach amháin ag an Rialtas nó lehúdarás an Rialtais.

3 Is é an Rialtas is comharba ar Rialtas ShaorstátÉireann i gcás gach maoine, sócmhainne, cirtagus féichiúnais.

AIRTEAGAL 50

1 Na dlíthe a bheas i bhfeidhm i Saorstát Éireanndíreach roimh lá an Bunreacht seo a theacht ingníomh leanfaid de bheith i lánfheidhm agus ilánéifeacht, faoi chuimsiú an Bhunreachta seo agussa mhéid nach bhfuilid ina choinne, go dtí gon-aisghairtear nó go leasaítear iad nó aon chuiddíobh le hachtú ón Oireachtas.


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2 Laws enacted before, but expressed to come intoforce after, the coming into operation of thisConstitution, shall, unless otherwise enacted bythe Oireachtas, come into force in accordancewith the terms thereof.

Article 64

1 In this Article “the establishment day” has thesame meaning as it has in Article 34A of thisConstitution.

2 1° Sections 3 and 4 hereof apply to an appeal tothe Supreme Court initiated before theestablishment day that has not been heard, in fullor in part, by the Supreme Court before that day.

2° For the purposes of this Article, an appealshall not be taken to have been heard in part byreason of the Supreme Court having heard aninterlocutory application relating to the appeal or,unless the appeal itself is confined to aprocedural matter, the Supreme Court havingheard any procedural application or motion in thematter.

3 1° On or after the establishment day, the ChiefJustice may, if the Chief Justice is satisfied that itis in the interests of the administration of justice


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2 Dlíthe a bheas achtaithe roimh an mBunreachtseo a theacht i ngníomh agus a mbeidh luaiteiontu iad do theacht i bhfeidhm dá éis sin,tiocfaid i bhfeidhm de réir mar a luaitear iontumura n-achtaí an tOireachtas a mhalairt.

Airteagal 64

1 San Airteagal seo, tá le “an lá bunaithe” an bhríchéanna atá leis in Airteagal 34A den Bhunreachtseo.

2 1° Baineann ailt 3 agus 4 den Airteagal seo lehachomharc a tionscnaíodh chun na CúirteUachtaraí roimh an lá bunaithe agus nár éist anChúirt Uachtarach é, go hiomlán nó go páirteach,roimh an lá sin.

2° Chun críocha an Airteagail seo, ní mheasfargur éisteadh achomharc go páirteach de bhíthingur éist an Chúirt Uachtarach iarratasidirbhreitheach i ndáil leis an achomharc nó,mura mbaineann an t-achomharc féin ach amháinle ní nóis imeachta, de bhíthin gur éist an ChúirtUachtarach aon iarratas nó tairiscint nóis imeachtamaidir leis an ní.

3 1° An lá bunaithe nó dá éis, féadfaidh an Príomh-Bhreitheamh, más deimhin leis an bPríomh-Bhreitheamh go bhfuil sé ar mhaithe le riaradhcirt agus cinneadh éifeachtúil achomharc

Bunreacht ShaorStát Éireann aaiSghairm aguS Dlíthe a Bhuanú

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and the efficient determination of appeals to doso, and with the concurrence of the other judgesof the Supreme Court, give a direction under theseal of the Court providing that each appeal towhich this section applies falling within a class ofappeals specified in the direction shall be heardand determined by the Court of Appeal and,where such a direction is given, the Court ofAppeal shall, subject to subsection 3° hereof,have jurisdiction to hear and determine eachappeal the subject of that direction accordingly.

2° A direction under subsection 1° hereof maycontain provision for any matter that the ChiefJustice considers it appropriate to provide for inconsequence of the appeals concerned beingheard and determined by the Court of Appeal andany such provision shall have like effect to aprovision contained in an order made by theSupreme Court.

3° The Supreme Court, on application to it thatcomplies with such, if any, regulations as may beprescribed by law and made by any of the partiesto an appeal the subject of a direction undersubsection 1°, may, if it is satisfied that it is justto do so, make an order –

repeal of conStitution of SaorStát Éireann anD continuance of lawS

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déanamh amhlaidh, ordachán faoi shéala naCúirte a thabhairt, le comhthoil na mbreithiúnaeile den Chúirt Uachtarach, lena ndéanfar socrú,maidir le gach achomharc lena mbainfidh an t-altseo agus a thiocfaidh faoi réim aicme achomharca bheidh sonraithe san ordachán, go ndéanfaidhan Chúirt Achomhairc é a éisteacht agus achinneadh agus, i gcás go dtabharfar ordachánden sórt sin, beidh dlínse ag an gCúirtAchomhairc, faoi réir fho-alt 3° den alt seo, gachachomharc is ábhar don ordachán sin a éisteachtagus a chinneadh dá bhíthin sin.

2° Féadfaidh socrú a bheith in ordachán faoi fho-alt1° den alt seo maidir le haon ní ar dóigh leis anbPríomh-Bhreitheamh gur cuí socrú a dhéanamhina leith de dhroim an Chúirt Achomhaircd’éisteacht agus do chinneadh na n-achomharclena mbaineann agus beidh le haon socrú den sórtsin an éifeacht chéanna a bheidh le socrú abheidh in ordú arna dhéanamh ag an gCúirtUachtarach.

3° Maidir leis an gCúirt Uachtarach, ar iarrataschuici atá de réir cibé rialacha, más ann, a ordófarle dlí, is iarratas arna dhéanamh ag aon pháirtí dena páirtithe in achomharc is ábhar d’ordachánfaoi fho-alt 1°, féadfaidh sí, más deimhin léi gurcóir sin a dhéanamh, ordú a dhéanamh—


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i cancelling the effect of that direction, or

ii cancelling or varying the effect of anyprovision, referred to in subsection 2° hereof, ofthat direction,

so far as it relates to that appeal.

4 1° If, on application to it that complies with such,if any, regulations as may be prescribed by lawand made by any of the parties to the appeal, theSupreme Court is satisfied that it is in theinterests of the administration of justice and theefficient determination of appeals to do so, theSupreme Court may make an order providing thatthe appeal shall be heard and determined by theCourt of Appeal and, where such an order ismade, the Court of Appeal shall have jurisdictionto hear and determine the appeal accordingly.

2° An order under subsection 1° hereof maycontain provision for any matter that the SupremeCourt considers it appropriate to provide for inconsequence of the appeal being heard anddetermined by the Court of Appeal.

5 Save to the extent provided by any directiongiven or order made pursuant to the powersconferred by section 3 or 4 hereof, the exercise


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i lena gcealaítear éifeacht an ordacháin sin, nó

ii lena gcealaítear nó lena n-athraítear éifeachtaon socraithe, dá dtagraítear i bhfo-alt 2° den altseo, san ordachán sin,

a mhéid a bhaineann sé leis an achomharc sin.

4 1° Más rud é, ar iarratas chuici atá de réir cibérialacha, más ann, a ordófar le dlí, ar iarratas éarna dhéanamh ag aon pháirtí de na páirtithe sanachomharc, gur deimhin leis an gCúirtUachtarach gur ar mhaithe le riaradh cirt aguscinneadh éifeachtúil achomharc déanamhamhlaidh, féadfaidh an Chúirt Uachtarach ordú adhéanamh lena ndéantar socrú go ndéanfaidh anChúirt Achomhairc an t-achomharc a éisteachtagus a chinneadh, agus i gcás go ndéanfar ordúden sórt sin beidh dlínse ag an gCúirtAchomhairc an t-achomharc a éisteacht agus achinneadh dá bhíthin sin.

2° Féadfaidh socrú a bheith in ordú faoi fho-alt 1°den alt seo maidir le haon ní ar dóigh leis angCúirt Uachtarach gur cuí socrú a dhéanamh inaleith de dhroim an Chúirt Achomhairc d’éisteachtagus do chinneadh an achomhairc.

5 Ach amháin sa mhéid go ndéantar socrú le haonordachán arna thabhairt nó le haon ordú arna


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by the Supreme Court of its jurisdiction inrelation to appeals to that Court initiated beforethe establishment day shall not be affected by theamendments of this Constitution made by theThirty-third Amendment of the Constitution(Court Appeal) Act 2013.

6 Notwithstanding any amendments of thisConstitution made as aforesaid, the SupremeCourt shall continue to have appellatejurisdiction from decisions of the Court ofCriminal Appeal that stood established before theestablishment day to the extent provided, andsubject to the same regulations as wereprescribed, by law immediately before theestablishment day, and sections 3 and 4 hereofshall not apply to an appeal from a decision of theCourt of Criminal Appeal.

7 This Article shall be omitted from every officialtext of this Constitution published on orfollowing the expiry of one year after theestablishment day.

Dochum Glóire Dé

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Onóra na hÉireann


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dhéanamh de bhun na gcumhachtaí a thugtar lehalt 3 nó 4 den Airteagal seo, ní dhéanfaidh naleasuithe ar an mBunreacht seo arna ndéanamhleis an Acht um an Tríú Leasú is Tríocha ar anmBunreacht (Cúirt Achomhairc), 2013 difeard’fheidhmiú a dlínse ag an gCúirt Uachtarach indáil le hachomhairc chun na Cúirte sin ationscnaíodh roimh an lá bunaithe.

6 D’ainneoin aon leasuithe ar an mBunreacht seoarna ndéanamh mar a dúradh, leanfaidh an ChúirtUachtarach de dhlínse achomhairc a bheith aiciar bhreitheanna ón gCúirt Achomhairc Choiriúila bhí arna bunú roimh an lá bunaithe a mhéid gondearnadh socrú le dlí, agus faoi chuimsiú narialacha céanna a ordaíodh le dlí, díreach roimhan lá bunaithe agus ní bhainfidh ailt 3 agus 4 denAirteagal seo le hachomharc i gcoinne breith óngCúirt Achomhairc Choiriúil.

7 Déanfar an tAirteagal seo a fhágáil ar lár as gachtéacs oifigiúil den Bhunreacht seo a fhoilseofarbliain amháin, nó tar éis bliain amháin a bheithcaite, i ndiaidh an lae bunaithe.

Dochum Glóire Dé

agus

Onóra na hÉireann


195

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Nóta Ní úsáidtear uimhreacha leathanach sa treoirseo: baineann na huimhreacha le hAirteagail anBhunreachta. Tá ceannlitreacha sa treoir ar fhocailar a bhfuil ceannlitreacha i dtéacs an Bhunreachta.

achainíi gcoinne Bille a shíniú 27

adhradhadhradh Dé go poiblí 44.1

aer: feic maoin nádúrthaairgead poiblíArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

Billí Airgid: feic Billí Airgidconarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.5.2ºleithghabháil ag Dáil Éireann 17.2scoileanna, cúnamh Stáit 44.2.4º

airgeadasRoinn Airgeadais, Aire ina chomhalta de Dháil Éireann28.7.1º

reachtaíocht chun feidhm dlí a thabhairt do Rúin Airgeadais17.1.2º

Seanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1ºAontas Eorpachcomhchosaint 29.4.9ºConradh Liospáin 29.4.5º, 29.4.6ºdlíthe mar chomhalta 29.4.7º

Ard-AighneBillí a chuirfear faoi bhreith na Cúirte Uachtaraí 26.2.1ºceapadh agus seilbh oifige 30coireanna agus cionta, cúiseamh 30.3Comhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle Stáitéirí as oifig nó cur as oifig 30.5feidhmeanna 30.1Rialtas, gan bheith ina chomhalta 30.4tuarastal 30.6

Ard-Chúirtachomhairc i gcoinne a breitheanna 34.4.3ºbreithiúna: feic breithiúnaCúirt Chéadchéime 34.3.1ºdlí, bailíocht 34.3, 40.4.3ºdlínse 34.3Habeas Corpus, imeachtaí 40.4rúndacht na Comh-Aireachta 28.4.3ºUachtarán na hArd-Chúirte 14.2.2º, 31.2, 40.4.4ºFeic freisin cúirteanna; Cúirt Uachtarach

Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Cisteairgead poiblí, caitheamh agus iniúchadh 33.1ceapadh 33.2cur as oifig 33.5Dáil Éireann, tuarascálacha 33.4

armchúirteanna: feic binsí míleataBaile Átha CliathTithe an Oireachtais, suíonna 15.1.3ºUachtarán, stát-áras 12.11.1º

baincéireachtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

baintreach, cabhair Stáit, 45.4.1ºballóidDáil Éireann, toghcháin 16.1.4ºSeanad Éireann, toghcháin 18.5Uachtarán, toghcháin 12.2.3º, 12.4.5º

bannaí 40.4.3º, 40.4.6ºBéal Feirste, Comhaontú: feic Comhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann

beartas comhdhaonnachaicmí is lú cumhacht, leas geilleagrach 45.4.1ºbuntreoracha 45creidmheas, urlámhas air 45.2earraí riachtanacha 45.2fiontraíocht phríobháideach 45.3.2ºgustal saolta an phobail 45.2lucht oibre, sláinte 45.4.2ºOireachtas, bunrialacha, feidhmiú 45ord comhdhaonnach 45.1

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saoránaigh, slí bheatha 45.2teaghlaigh, bunú ar an talamh 45.2tionscnamh príobháideach 45.3.1º

beartas náisiúntaceisteanna a shocrú 6.1Uachtarán, eolas a thabhairt dó 28.5.2º

beatha: feic ceart chun na beathabeo gan breith: feic ceart chun na beathaBillíachainí á iarraidh gan Bille a shíniú 27Bunreacht: feic BunreachtComhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle StáitCúirt Uachtarach: feic Cúirt Uachtarachcur faoi bhreith an phobail 27Dáil Éireann: feic Dáil Éireanndlíthe: achtú 13.3.1º, 25.4.1º; fógairt 25.4.2ºOireachtas: feic Tithe an Oireachtaispráinneacha 24Seanad Éireann: feic Seanad Éireannsíniú: feic Uachtarán na hÉireanntéacs, tiontú oifigiúil 25.4.4ºtréimhse áirithe chun a mbreithnithe 23Feic freisin Billí Airgid

Billí AirgidCoiste Pribhléidí 22.2Cúirt Uachtarach, gan bheith inchurtha faoina breith 26Dáil Éireann: Billí Airgid práinneacha 24.2, 24.3; deimhniúón gCathaoirleach 22.2.1º, 22.2.6º; curtha go SeanadÉireann d’iarraidh a moltaí 21.1.2º, 21.2; rith 21.1.2º;tionscnamh 21.1.1º

míniú 22.1Seanad Éireann: Billí Airgid práinneacha 24.2; cur faoibhráid Choiste Pribhléidí 22.2; moltaí 21.1.2º, 21.2

binsí míleata 38.4, 38.6bratach: feic suaitheantas náisiúntabreithiúnaceapadh 35.1, 36ceart, riaradh 34.1cur as oifig 35.4

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dearbhú 34.5feidhmeanna breithiúnais ag daoine nach breithiúna 37Habeas Corpus 40.4líon 36neamhspleáchas 35.2Oireachtas, gan bheith ina gcomhaltaí 35.3poist sochair 35.3scor 36tuarastal 35.5, 36Uachtarán na hÉireann, dearbhú 12.8

bunoideachas 42.4BunreachtBillí ina aghaidh, ceisteanna a chur faoi bhreith na CúirteUachtaraí 26

breithiúna, cumhdach 34.5.1ºcóip a chur isteach ina hiris: ullmhú, fíorú agus cur isteachina hiris 25.5; forlámhas ag an téacs Gaeilge 25.5.4º

Comhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann 29.7cumhachtaí riala, oibriú 6.2, 49.2dearbhú ag an Uachtarán bheith ina thaca agus ina dhídin 12.8dlíthe: a achtaíodh roimh é a theacht i ngníomh 50.2;bailíocht, dlínse na gCúirteanna 34.3, 34.4, 40.4.3º; inaimsir chogaidh nó ceannairce faoi arm 28.3.3º; inaaghaidh, gan bhail 15.4

feidhmeanna breithiúnais ag daoine údaraithe 37leasú, Billí 24.1, 26, 46, 47.1muintir na hÉireann á ghabháil chucu brollachReifreann 46, 47.1Saorstát Éireann: feic Saorstát Éireanntéacs 25.5Uachtarán, taca agus dídean 12.8Feic freisin Ard-Chúirt; Cúirteanna; Cúirt Uachtarach

Bunreacht Shaorstát Éireann: feic Saorstát ÉireannCaidreamh Idirnáisiúntaachrann idir náisiúin, réiteach síochánta 29.2beartas idirnáisiúnta, eolas don Uachtarán 28.5.2ºconarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.5, 29.6cumhacht chomhallach an Stáit maidir lena chaidreamheachtrach 29.4

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dlí idirnáisiúnta, bunrialacha 29.3, 29.8eadráin idirnáisiúnta 29.2náisiún, ceart chun é a chinneadh 1síocháin idir náisiúin 29.1

cánachasBille Airgid, míniú 22.1

Cathaoirleach Dháil Éireann (An Ceann Comhairle): feic DáilÉireann

Cathaoirleach Sheanad Éireann: feic Seanad ÉireannCeann Comhairle: feic Dáil Éireannceannaircfoilsiú nó aithris 40.6.1º

ceannairc faoi armbinsí míleata 38.4dlíthe in aimsir cheannairce faoi arm 28.3.3ºFórsaí Cosanta, gníomhartha 40.4.5ºtréas 39Feic freisin cogadh

ceannasachceart 1Stát 5

ceartBreithiúna á riaradh 34.1bunrialacha an chirt chomhdhaonnaigh 43.2.1ºchun comhlachais a bhunú 40.6chun deimhní agus tuairimí a nochtadh 40.3.3º, 40.6.1ºchun teacht ar tionól 40.6cúirteanna faoi leith 38.3feidhmeanna breithiúnais ag daoine nach breithiúna 37.1,37.2

ord comhdhaonnach, ceart agus carthanacht á rialú 45.1riaradh poiblí 34.1rúndacht na Comh-Aireachta 28.4.3º

cineamaord agus moráltacht phoiblí 40.6.1º

cionta: feic coireanna agus ciontacistecíos uile an Stáit 11

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cogadhbinsí míleata 38.4Dáil Éireann, aontú 28.3dlíthe in aimsir chogaidh 28.3.3ºFórsaí Cosanta, gníomhartha 40.4.5ºpráinn náisiúnta 28.3.3ºtréas 39

Coimisiún le linn an tUachtarán a bheith as láthair nó armíthreoircomhaltaí 14.2córam 14.3feidhmeanna 14.1

coinsiassaoirse choinsiasa: feic saoránaigh; saoirse choinsiasa

coireanna agus ciontaArd-Aighne, cúiseamh ar a agra 30.3binsí míleata 38.4coiste tiomanta, cúiseanna coiriúla, triail ina láthair 38.5cúirteanna faoi leith 38.3maithiúnas 13.6mionchionta, triail 38.2pionós, cumhacht chun é a mhaolú nó a loghadh 13.6tréas, míniú 39triail de réir dlí 38.1

Coiste Pribhléidíbreith: cur in iúl 22.2.4º, 22.2.6º; gan dul thairsti 22.2.5ºcé acu Bille Airgid Bille nó nach ea 22.2ceapadh 22.2.3º

coiste tiomantacúiseanna coiriúla, triail ina láthair 38.5

Comhairle StáitBillí: achainí á iarraidh gan Bille a shíniú 27.4.1º; Airgid,Coiste Pribhléidí 22.2.3º, 22.2.6º; cur faoi bhreith naCúirte Uachtaraí 26.1.1º, 26.1.2º; práinneacha 24.1

bunú 31comhaltaí: ceapadh 31.2, 31.3; cur as oifig 31.7;dearbhú 31.4; éirí as oifig 31.6; tréimhse oifige 31.5

comóradh 31.8, 32

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feidhmeanna 31.1Uachtarán: oibriú a chumhachtaí 13.9, 14.4, 31.1, 32;teachtaireacht nó aitheasc 13.7.1º, 13.7.2º; Tithe anOireachtais, comóradh 13.2.3º

Comhairlí Contaeiarrthóirí d’oifig an Uachtaráin, ainmniú 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º

comhairlí feidhmeannais nó gairme beathabunú 15.3Seanad Éireann, toghadh go lomdíreach 19

Comhaontú Lucsamburg 29.4.8ºComhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann 29.7comhaontuithe: feic conarthaícomhchosaint: feic Aontas Eorpachcomhlachais agus cumainn: feic saoránaigh; ceartComhphobal Eorpach: comhaltas d’Éirinn 29.4.3ºcónaíionad cónaithe, slán do gach saoránach 40.5

conarthaíconarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.5, 29.6Reacht na Róimhe 29.9

Conradh ar Chobhsaíocht, ar Chomhordú agus ar Rialachas sanAontas Eacnamaíoch agus Airgeadaíochta 29.10

Conradh Liospáin 29.4.5º, 29.4.6ºConradh na Róimhe 29.4.3ºcreideamhaicmí creidimh, cearta agus maoin 44.2.5º, 44.2.6ºcleachtadh, saorchead admhála agus cleachta 44.2.1ºcomhlachais agus cumainn, bunú agus saorthionól 40.6.2ºmaoiniú 44.2.2ºmíchumas nó idirdhealú mar gheall ar chreideamh 44.2.3º,44.2.4º

oideachas leanaí 42.1, 42.4scoileanna, cúnamh Stáit 44.2.4º

creidmheasurlámhas 45.2

Cúirt Achomhairc: feic CúirteannaCúirt Achomhairc Dheiridh: feic Cúirt Uachtarach; cúirteannaCúirt Choiriúil Idirnáisiúnta Reacht na Róimhe 29.9

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Cúirt Uachtarachachainí, breith ar Bhille 27.4.2ºBillí: achainí 27.4.2º; cur isteach ina n-iris 25.4.5º;Uachtarán á gcur faoi bhreith 26, 34.3.3º

Breithiúna: feic Breithiúna; Príomh-BhreitheamhBunreacht, téacs sínithe, cur isteach ina iris, 25.5.2º,25.5.3º, 25.5.4º

Coiste Pribhléidí, Cathaoirleach 22.2.3ºCúirt Achomhairc Dheiridh 34.4.1ºdlínse achomhairc 34.4.3º, 34.4.4ºdlíthe, bailíocht: breith ina taobh 34.4.5º, 34.4.6ºdlínse maidir léi 34.3.2º, 34.4.4ºdlíthe a cuireadh faoina breith 34.3.3ºi gcásanna Habeas Corpus 40.4Príomh-Bhreitheamh, uachtarán na Cúirte Uachtaraí 34.4.2ºUachtarán na hÉireann, míthreoir a shuíomh 12.3.1ºFeic freisin Ard-Chúirt; cúirteanna

cúirteannabannaí a dhiúltú 40.4.6ºbeartas comhdhaonnach, ceisteanna 45binsí míleata agus armchúirteanna 38.4, 38.6ceart, riaradh 34.1coireanna agus cionta, cúiseamh 30.3comhdhéanamh agus comheagraíocht 36Cúirt Achomhairc 34.2,Cúirt Achomhairc Dheiridh 34.2, 34.4.1ºCúirt Choiriúil Idirnáisiúnta 29.9Cúirteanna Céadchéime: 34.2; dlínse 34.3, 38.2cúirteanna faoi leith, cumhacht chun iad a bhunú 38.3, 38.6dlí, bailíocht: feic Bunreachtdlínse achomhairc 34.3, 34.4maithiúnas 13.6pionós, cumhacht chun maolaithe nó loghtha 13.6Uachtarán, freagracht 13.8Feic freisin Ard-Chúirt; breithiúna; Cúirt Uachtarach

cumainn: feic saoránaighcumhacht chomhallach: feic RialtascuntasaíochtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

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Dáil Éireannairgead poiblí agus státchíos, leithghabháil 17.2Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

Billí: achainí á iarraidh gan iad a shíniú 27; Airgid: feic BillíAirgid; a thionscnaítear agus a ritear ag Dáil Éireann20.1; a thionscnaítear agus a ritear ag Seanad Éireann20.2.1º, 23.2.1º; a thionscnaítear ag Seanad Éireann agusa leasaítear ag Dáil Éireann 20.2.2º; Bunreacht, leasú46; práinneacha 24; tréimhse áirithe chun a mbreithnitheag Seanad Éireann 23

Breithiúna, cur as oifig 35.4Cathaoirleach: An Ceann Comhairle, teideal 14.2.1º; BillíAirgid 22.2.1º, 22.2.6º; Billí is siocair d’achainí 27.5.1º,27.6; Billí práinneacha 24.1; breithiúna, cur as oifig35.4.2º; Coimisiún le linn an tUachtarán a bheith asláthair, etc. 14.2.1º, 14.2.3º; Comhairle Stáit 31.2;toghadh 15.9.1º; toghadh ina chomhalta 16.6; tuarastal15.9.2º; vóta cinniúna 15.11.2º

cogadh, aontú 28.3Coiste Pribhléidí: feic Coiste Pribhléidícomhaltas 16.1, 16.2, 16.6, 16.7, 28.7comóradh agus lánscor 13.2.1º, 13.2.2º, 16.3, 28.10conarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.5, 29.6dáilcheantair: 16.2.1º; athmheas 16.2.4º; comhaltaí16.2.3º, 16.2.6º

dlíthe: a chuirfeadh saoránach faoi mhíchumas 16.1.3º;dáilcheantair, líon comhaltaí 16.2.6º; státchíos nóairgead poiblí eile 17.2

ionradh 28.3.2ºlánscor: feic comóradh agus lánscor thuasLeas-Chathaoirleach: Coimisiún le linn an tUachtarán abheith as láthair, etc. 14.2.3º; toghadh 15.9.1º; tuarastal15.9.2º

Meastacháin ar fháltas agus ar chaitheamh airgid 17.1.1º,28.4.4º

Oireachtas, Teach den Oireachtas 15.1.2ºré 16.5Rialtas: feic Rialtas

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Rúin Airgeadais 17.1.2ºscaoileadh ar phósadh 41.3.2ºTaoiseach: ainmniú 13.1.1º; éirí as oifig 28.10, 28.11.2ºTeach Ionadóirí 15.1.2ºtoghcháin: corrfholúntais 16.7; daoine is intofa ar chomhaltasDháil Éireann 16.1; olltoghchán 16.3.2º, 16.4.1º; teachtle chéile dá éis 16.4.2º; vótáil 16.1, 16.2.5º, 16.4.1º

Feic freisin Oireachtas; Tithe an OireachtaisdáilcheantairDáil Éireann 16.2

daonáireamhdáilcheantair, daonra 16.2.3º

daonlathasStát daonlathach 5

daonradáilcheantair 16.2

diamhaslafoilsiú nó aithris 40.6.1º

dílleachtaíStát, cabhair maireachtála 45.4.1º

díolúine: feic maoin nádúrthaDlí Idirnáisiúnta: feic Caidreamh Idirnáisiúntadlínsetaobh amuigh dá chríoch 29.8

dlínse achomhairc: feic cúirteannadlítheAontas Eorpach: feic Aontas EorpachArd-Aighne 30.1bailíocht: feic Bunreachtbannaí a dhiúltú 40.4.6ºbeartas comhdhaonnach i ndéanamh dlíthe 45Billí: feic Billíbreithiúna, cumhdach dlíthe 34.5.1ºBunreacht: feic Bunreachtcaidreamh eachtrach 29.4.2ºceart chun na beatha 40.3.3ºcogadh nó ceannairc faoi arm 28.3.3ºcomhlachais agus cumainn 40.6conarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.6

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205

cur isteach ina n-iris 25.4.5º, 25.4.6ºDáil Éireann: feic Dáil Éireanndiamhasla, etc., foilsiú nó aithris 40.6.1ºdlí míleata 38.4dlínse taobh amuigh dá chríoch 29.8faisnéis maidir le seirbhísí atá ar fáil go dleathach i stát eile40.3.3º

fógairt 13.3.2º, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4.2º, 27.5.2, 27.6, 46.5leithghabháil ar státchíos nó ar airgead poiblí 17.2limistéar agus raon feidhme 3.1maoin phríobháideach 43.1.2ºOireachtas, cumhacht chun a ndéanta 15.2.1ºpósadh, scaoileadh 41.3.2ºpráinneacha, tréimhse feidhme 24.3reachtaíocht ex post facto 15.5.1ºRúin Airgeadais, feidhm dlí a thabhairt dóibh 17.1.2ºsaoránaigh: cearta pearsanta, cosaint 40.3; ionad cónaitheslán dóibh 40.5; ionann i láthair an dlí 40.1; saoirsephearsanta 40.4

Saorstát Éireann 50scoileanna, cúnamh Stáit 44.2.4ºteacht i ngníomh 25.4.1ºteangacha, téacsanna a bheidh curtha isteach ina n-iris sa dátheanga 25.4.5º; 25.4.6º

tiontú oifigiúil 25.4.4ºtoirmeasc ar phionós an bháis 15.5.2ºUachtarán á gcaomhnú 12.8údaráis áitiúla 28A

eaglaisíStát, admháil 44.1

EalaíonachtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

earraíbrabús éagórach 45.3.2ºearraí riachtanacha 45.2

easláincabhair maireachtála 45.4.1º

éigeandáil: feic Tithe an Oireachtais

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206

Éireainm an Stáit 4an dá dhlínseinstitiúidí le cumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna comhroinnte3.2

aontaithe 3.1Bunreacht, pobal á ghabháil chucu brollachdaoine de bhunadh na hÉireannina gcónaí ar an gcoigríoch 2dlí idirnáisiúnta, bunrialacha 29.3, 29.8saoránacht agus náisiúntacht 9síocháin, mian ina leith 29.1, 29.2Stát, cineál 4, 5suaitheantas náisiúnta 7Uachtarán 12.1

faisnéis maidir le seirbhísí atá ar fáil go dleathach i stát eile,saoirse chun í a fháil nó a chur ar fáil 40.3.3º

fáltas agus caitheamh airgid: feicMeastacháin ar fháltas agus archaitheamh airgid

farraigí 2fiacha: feic Billí Airgidfiontraíocht phríobháideach 45.3.2ºfireann nó baineannDáil Éireann 16.1náisiúntacht 9.1.3ºsaoránacht 9.1.3ºslí bheatha 45.2, 45.4.2º

foirgníochtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

forais ardoideachaisSeanad Éireann, comhaltaí 18.4.2º

Fórsaí Cosantaardcheannas 13.4, 13.5.1ºarmchúirteanna 38.4.2ºcogadh, gníomhartha lena linn 40.4.5ºoifigigh, gairme 13.5.2ºFeic freisin fórsaí míleata nó fórsaí armtha

fórsaí míleata nó fórsaí armthabunú 15.6

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207

Feic freisin Fórsaí Cosantafreagrach, go léir le chéile 28.4.2ºfuinneamh: feic maoin nádúrthagabháilTithe an Oireachtais, comhaltaí 15.13

Gaeilge: feic Teangagairm uaisleachta nó onóraRialtas, aontú 40.2.2ºStát, bronnadh 40.2.1º

graostachtfoilsiú nó aithris 40.6.1º

Habeas Corpuscogadh 40.4.5ºdlí, bailíocht 40.4.3ºordú, ceart chuige 40.4

IascaireachtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

idirdhealúmaidir le polaitíocht nó creideamh nó aicmí 40.6.2º

innealtóireachtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

ionadaíocht chionúireDáil Éireann, toghcháin 16.2.5ºSeanad Éireann, toghcháin 18.5Uachtarán na hÉireann, toghcháin 12.2.3º

ionannis ionann saoránaigh i láthair an dlí 40.1

ionradhStát, cosaint 28.3.2º

Iris Oifigiúildlíthe, fógairt 25.4.2º

leanaícaomhnú ag an Stát 42.5fostaíocht 45.4.2ºoideachas: 42.2, 42.3.2º, 44.2.4º; bunoideachas, cur ar fáil42.4; dualgas tuistí 42.1, 42.3.1º

scaoileadh ar phósadh 41.3.2ºleas an phobail 6.1, 41.2.1º, 42.3.2º, 42.5, 43.2.2º, 45.2leas poiblí

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208

rúndacht na Comh-Aireachta 28.4.3ºleithghabháilBillí Airgid 21, 22críocha 17.2státchíos 11

Liospáin, feic Conradh LiospáinLitríochtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

Lucht Oibre: feic Oibreachas; Saothrúmaitheas, an mhaitheas phoiblí brollachmaithiúnasceart maithiúnais dílsithe san Uachtarán 13.6

máithreachadul le saothar 41.2.2ºFeic freisin ceart chun na beatha

maoin nádúrthaStát, is leis gach ábhar maoine nádúrtha 10

maoin phríobháideachaicmí creidimh 44.2.5º, 44.2.6ºcosaint 40.3.2º, 43gustal saolta an phobail 45.2

Meastacháin ar fháltas agus ar chaitheamh airgidDáil Éireann, breithniú 17.1.1º, 28.4.4º

mianaigh agus mianraí: feic maoin nádúrthamionchionta 38.2mnáDáil Éireann 16.1náisiúntacht 9.1.3ºsaoránacht 9.1.3ºslí bheatha 45.2, 45.4.2ºFeic freisin teaghlach

monaplachtaíearraí riachtanacha 45.2brabús éagórach 45.3.2º

náisiúnceart a bheith páirteach ann 2cearta 1Comhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann 29.7dílseacht don náisiún 9.2

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éagsúlacht a bhféiniúlachtaí agus a dtraidisiún 3.1Teaghlach agus leas 41.1.2ºtoil na daoine go léir a aontú 3.1Uachtarán, aitheasc uaidh 13.7.2º

náisiúntacht: feic saoránacht agus náisiúntachtneamhspleáchasdearbhú 5an náisiún brollach

obairsláinte lucht oibre 45.4.2ºslí bheatha lucht oibre 45.2

OibreachasSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1ºFeic freisin saothrú

oideachasbunoideachas 42.4fundúireachtaí oideachais, maoin 44.2.6ºSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1ºteaghlach, cearta 42Feic freisin leanaí, tuistí

oileáinagus farraigí teorann 2

Oireachtasbeartas comhdhaonnach i ndéanamh dlíthe 45comhairlí feidhmeannais agus gairme beatha 15.3conarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.6Dáil Éireann, dáilcheantair, athmheas 16.2.4ºdlíthe: déanamh 15.2.1º; dlíthe in aghaidh an Bhunreachta15.4; fógairt 13.3.2º; Shaorstát Éireann 50; slándáil anphobail a chur in áirithe 28.3.3º

fórsaí míleata nó fórsaí armtha 15.6Parlaimint Náisiúnta 15.1reachtaíocht ex post facto 15.5.1ºrúndacht na Comh-Aireachta 28.4.3ºsuíonna 15.7Tithe: feic Tithe an Oireachtaistuarascálacha agus foilseacháin oifigiúla 15.12Feic freisin Dáil Éireann; Seanad Éireann; Tithe anOireachtais; Uachtarán na hÉireann

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210

ollscoileannaOllscoil Bhaile Átha Cliath, comhaltaí Sheanad Éireann,18.4.1º, 18.4.2º, 18.6Ollscoil na hÉireann, comhaltaí Sheanad Éireann 18.4.1º,18.4.2º, 18.6

Parlaimintmaoin nádúrtha 10Oireachtas is ainm di 15.1.1ºraon feidhme na ndlíthe 3.1Feic freisin Oireachtas

pionós an bháistoirmeasc air 15.5.2º

pobalbeartas: comhdhaonnach 45; náisiúnta 6.1Billí, cur faoi bhreith an phobail 27Bunreacht a ghabháil chucu brollachcoireanna agus cionta, cúiseamh 30.3comhairlí feidhmeannais nó gairme beatha 15.3cumhacht riala 6.1Reifreann: feic ReifreannSaorstát Éireann, cumhacht chomhallach 49.1slándáil: feic slándáil an phobail agus ord poiblíStát, ceapadh rialtóirí 6.1Uachtarán: agus an pobal 12.8; toghadh 12.2.1º

pósadhord an phósta a chosaint 41.3.1ºscaoileadh 41.3.2ºFeic freisin Teaghlach

práinn náisiúnta: feic Tithe an Oireachtaispreassaoirse 40.6.1º

Pribhléidí, Coiste: feic Coiste PribhléidíPríomh-Aire: feic TaoiseachPríomh-BhreitheamhBunreacht, cóip dá théacs a fhíorú 25.5.2ºCoimisiún le linn an tUachtarán a bheith as láthair, etc.14.2.1º, 14.2.2º

Comhairle Stáit: comhalta de bhua oifige 31.2; duine a bhítráth ina Phríomh-Bhreitheamh 31.2

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dearbhú 34.5.1º, 34.5.2ºdearbhú ó bhreithiúna eile 34.5.2ºuachtarán na Cúirte Uachtaraí 34.4.2º

raidióord agus moráltacht phoiblí 40.6.1º

Ranna Stáit: feic Státraon feidhme na ndlíthe 3.1reachtaisfo-reachtais 15.2.2ºrialtas áitiúil 28Aúdaráis áitiúla 28A

Reacht na Róimhe: feic Cúirt Choiriúil IdirnáisiúntaReifreannBillí, achainí 27.5, 27.6Bunreacht: leasú 46.2, 47.1; togra nach togra chun aleasaithe 47.2

ceart vótála 47.3rialú 47.4

RialtasAirí i mbun Ranna Stáit 28.12Ard-Aighne: comhairleach i gcúrsaí dlí 30.1; gan bheith inachomhalta 30.4

beartas, tuairimí léirmheasa a nochtadh 40.6.1ºBillí: práinneacha 24.1; síniú go luath 25.2.2ºcaidreamh eachtrach 29.4ceapadh 13.1, 28.1comhairlí feidhmeannais nó gairme beatha 15.3comhaltaí: as láthair nó ar míthreoir, feidhmeanna achomhlíonadh 28.12; ceapadh 13.1; ceart chun labhairti ngach Teach den Oireachtas 28.8; de Dháil Éireann nóde Sheanad Éireann 28.7; éirí as oifig ar an Taoiseachd’éirí as oifig 28.11.1º; éirí nó cur as oifig 13.1.3º, 28.9;leanúint dá n-oifig go gceaptar a gcomharbaí 28.11; líon28.1; tuarastal 28.12

cumhacht chomhallach, oibriú 28.2, 29.4, 49.2cumhachtaí: oibriú le horgain Stáit 6.2; teacht ón bpobal6.1

Dáil Éireann: ceart ag comhaltaí labhairt ann 28.8;comhaltaí den Rialtas agus comhaltas Dháil Éireann

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212

28.7; comhaontú 13.1.2º; freagracht di 28.4.1º; lánscor28.11.2º; Meastacháin ar fháltas agus ar chaitheamhairgid 28.4.3º

gairm uaisleachta nó onóra 40.2ionradh 28.3.2ºleithghabháil ar státchíos agus airgead poiblí 17.2maoin nádúrtha 10Meastacháin ar fháltas agus ar chaitheamh airgid 28.4.3ºnáisiún, ceart chun a rogha Rialtas a bhunú 1Ranna Stáit: Airí ina mbun 28.12; comhfhreagracht 28.4.2ºrúndacht na bpléití ag cruinnithe 28.4.3ºSaorstát Éireann, comharbaí 49.3Stát, cosaint 28.3.2ºTánaiste, ainmniú agus dualgais 28.6Taoiseach, ainmniú, Ceann an Rialtais 13.1.1º, 28.5.1ºtréas, míniú 39Uachtarán: cumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna 13.9, 13.11;imeacht ón Stát 12.9; teachtaireacht nó aitheasc 13.7.3º

Riarachán PoiblíSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

ríchíos: feic maoin nádúrthaRóimh: feic Conradh na Róimherollaí toghcháincóiriú 18.7dreamanna feidhme nó gairme beatha a chur ina n-ionad 19Seanad Éireann, toghcháin 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º

Sacs-Bhéarla 8.2, 8.3Saíocht: feic Teangasaoirse choinsiasa 42.3.1º, 44.2.1ºsaoirse chun faisnéis a fháil nó a chur ar fáil 40.3.3ºsaoirse chun taisteal 40.3.3ºsaoirse phearsanta: feic saoránaighsaoránacht agus náisiúntachtComhaontú na Breataine-na hÉireann 29.7fáil 2, 9.1.2º, 9.1.3ºsaoránaigh de Shaorstát Éireann 9.1.1º

saoránaighceart chun: bheith páirteach i náisiún na hÉireann 2;comhlachais agus cumainn a bhunú 40.6; leorshlí

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bheatha 45.2; maoine príobháidí 43.1; teacht ar tionól40.6; tuairimí a nochtadh 40.6.1º; vótála: reifreann47.3; toghchán don Uachtarán 12.2.2º; toghchán doDháil Éireann 16.1; toghchán d’údarás áitiúil 28A

cearta pearsanta 40.3Dáil Éireann, comhaltas 16.1dualgas polaitiúil 9.2gairm uaisleachta 40.2.1ºionad cónaithe, slán do shaoránach 40.5ionann i láthair an dlí 40.1saoirse: coinsias 44.2.1º; pearsanta 40.4toghchán don Uachtarán 12.2.2º, 12.4.1ºuireasa 45.4.2º

Saorstát ÉireannBunreacht, aisghairm 48Comhairle Stáit, Uachtarán ar Ard-Chomhairle ShaorstátÉireann 31.2

cumhacht chomhallach 49.1dlíthe 50Rialtas, comharba ar Rialtas Shaorstát Éireann 49.3saoránaigh Shaorstát Éireann 9.1.1ºtalamh, mianaigh, mianraí agus uisce 10.2

scaoileadh ar phósadh 41.3.2ºscoileannacúnamh Stáit 44.2.4ºpríobháideacha 42.2saoirse chun rogha a dhéanamh 42.2, 42.3.1ºStáit 42.2, 42.3.1º

Seanad Éireannainm 15.1.2ºArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

Billí: achainí á iarraidh gan iad a shíniú 27; Airgid: feic BillíAirgid; a ritear ag Dáil Éireann, leasú 20.1; práinneacha24; síniú níos luaithe le comhthoil Sheanad Éireann25.2.2º; tionscnamh 20.2, 23.2.1º; tréimhse áirithe chuna mbreithnithe 23

breithiúna, cur as oifig 35.4

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Cathaoirleach: Billí is siocair d’achainí 27.5.1º, 27.6; Billípráinneacha 24.1; breithiúna, cur as oifig 35.4.2º;Coimisiún le linn an tUachtarán a bheith as láthair, etc.14.2.1º, 14.2.3º; Comhairle Stáit 31.2; toghadh15.9.1º; tuarastal 15.9.2º; vóta cinniúna 15.11.2º

Coiste Pribhléidí: feic Coiste Pribhléidícomhaltaí 18.1, 18.2; ainmniú 18.3; den Rialtas 28.7.2º;ollscoile agus forais ardoideachais eile 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º,18.6; téarma oifige 18.9; toghadh 18, 19

corrfholúntais 18.10.2º, 18.10.3ºDáil Éireann, lánscor 18.8Leas-Chathaoirleach: Coimisiún le linn an tUachtarán abheith as láthair, etc. 14.2.4º; toghadh 15.9.1º; tuarastal15.9.2º

ré 18.8Rialtas: feic Rialtasrollaí, cóiriú 18.7.1º, 18.7.2ºTeach den Oireachtas 15.1.2ºtoghadh: dreamanna feidhme nó gairme beatha 19toghcháin: olltoghchán 18.8; céad-tionól dá éis 18.8Feic freisin Oireachtas; Tithe an Oireachtais

seandaoinecabhair maireachtála 45.4.1º

seirbhísí comhdhaonnachaSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

síocháinachrann idir náisiúin, réiteach 29.2mian na síochána 29.1

slándáil an phobail agus ord poiblíBillí práinneacha 24.1ceannairc faoi arm 28.3.3ºcogadh, dlíthe is gá in aimsir chogaidh 28.3.3ºcoinsias, saoirse 44.2.1ºcomhlachais agus tionóil 40.6.1ºcreideamh, cleachtadh 44.2.1ºcúirteanna faoi leith 38.3.1ºionradh 28.3.2ºtuairimí, nochtadh 40.6.1º

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215

Státainm 4airgead poiblí, caitheamh airgid a rialú 33.1Airí 28.12Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

beartas comhdhaonnach 45caidreamh eachtrach 29.4ceart ag an bpobal rialtóirí a cheapadh 6.1cineál 5cíos 11cogadh: aimsir chogaidh 28.3.3º; fógairt 28.3Comhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle Stáitconarthaí idirnáisiúnta 29.5creideamh 44cumhacht chomhallach, oibriú 28.2, 29.4, 49.2cumhachtaí riala 6gairm uaisleachta nó onóra 40.2ionradh 28.3maoin: nádúrtha 10; príobháideach 43Meastacháin ar fháltas agus ar chaitheamh airgid 17.1.1º,28.4.4º

oideachas: feic oideachasOireachtas, cumhacht chun dlíthe a dhéanamh 15.2pósadh, cosaint 41.3Ranna Stáit 28.12rialtas áitiúil 28Asaoránacht agus náisiúntacht 9.1saoránaigh, cearta pearsanta 40suaitheantas náisiúnta 7tairise 9.2talamh, mianach, mianraí agus uisce 10Teaghlach: feic Teaghlachteangacha 8tréas, míniú 39Uachtarán: imeacht ón Stát 12.9; tosach aige ar gach duinesa Stát 12.1

státchíosciste 11

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216

leithghabháil ag Dáil Éireann 17.2suaitheantas náisiúntatuairisc 7

táinseamh: feic Uachtarán na hÉireanntaisteal, saoirse chun 40.3.3ºTalmhaíochtSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

Tánaisteainmniú 28.6.1ºComhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle StáitDáil Éireann, comhalta 28.7.1ºTaoiseach, gníomhú ina ionad 28.6.2º, 28.6.3º

Taoiseachairgead poiblí, leithghabháil ag Dáil Éireann 17.2Ard-Aighne: feic Ard-AighneArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

Billí: achainí á iarraidh gan iad a shíniú 27.5.1º, 27.6;práinneacha 24.1; síniú agus fógairt 25.1

breithiúna, cur as oifig 35.4.2ºBunreacht, téacs 25.5ceapadh 13.1.1ºComhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle Stáitcomharba, ceapadh 28.11Dáil Éireann: comhalta 28.7.1º; comóradh agus lánscor13.2.1º, 13.2.2º, 16.3.1º; tromlach i dtacaíocht leis 13.2.2º,28.10

éirí as oifig 28.9.1º, 28.10, 28.11Príomh-Aire 28.5.1ºRialtas: ceann an Rialtais 28.5.1º; comhaltaí a ainmniú13.1.2º; dul nó cur as oifig 13.1.3º, 28.9.2º, 28.9.3º, 28.9.4º,28.11.1º

Seanad Éireann: comhaltaí a ainmniú 18.3, 18.10.2º; lá achomórtha tar éis olltoghcháin 18.8

Tánaiste: feic TánaisteUachtarán, eolas a thabhairt dó ar bheartas 28.5.2º

Teach Ionadóirí: feic Dáil ÉireannTeaghlachcomhdhaonnacht, buíon-aonad 41.1.1º

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cosaint ón Stát 41.1.2ºleanaí, oideachas 42.1máithreacha clainne, saothar 41.2.2ºmná, admháil ag an Stát 41.2Pósadh, cosaint 41.3

TeangaBillí a ritear sa dá theanga oifigiúla 25.4.3º, 25.4.6ºBunreacht 25.5dlíthe, tiontú oifigiúil 25.4.4ºGaeilge, an teanga náisiúnta agus an phríomhtheangaoifigiúil 8.1, 8.3

Sacs-Bhéarla, an dara teanga oifigiúil 8.2, 8.3agus Saíocht, Seanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1º

teidil: feic gairm uaisleachta nó onórationólceart chun teacht ar tionól: feic saoránaigh; ceart chun teachtar tionól

Tionscal agus Tráchtáilearraí riachtanacha, cosc ar shaor-iomaíocht 45.2pobal, cosaint ar bhrabús éagórach 45.3.2ºSeanad Éireann, rolla toghcháin 18.7.1ºtionscnamh príobháideach 45.3.1º

Tithe an OireachtaisArd-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

Billí a ritear nó a mheastar a ritheadh ag an dá Theach13.1.1º, 20.3, 21.2.2º, 23, 24.2, 25.1, 26, 27

breithiúna, gan cead acu bheith ina gcomhaltaí 35.3breithiúna, na Cúirte Uachtaraí nó na hArd-Chúirte, cur asoifig 35.4

buan-orduithe agus rialacha 15.10ceisteanna, breith orthu 15.11.1º, 15.11.2ºcomhaltaí: dídean 15.10; liúntais agus saoráidí taistil15.15; pribhléidí 15.13

comhaltas den dá Theach 15.14comóradh 13.2.3ºcruinnithe i gcóngar dóibh 40.6.1ºcóram 15.11.3ºdlíthe Shaorstát Éireann 50

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dlíthe, tréimhse feidhme a fhadú 15.8, 24.1, 24.3 éigeandáil 28.3.3ºpráinn náisiúnta 28.3.3ºRialtas, comhaltaí, ceart bheith i láthair 28.8saoirse aighnis 15.10scríbhinní oifigiúla agus páipéir phríobháideacha comhaltaía dhídean 15.10

suíonna 15.1.3º, 15.8tuarascálacha agus foilseacháin oifigiúla 15.12Uachtarán: cumhacht chomórtha 13.2.3º; dearbhú ar dhul igcúram oifige 12.8; freagracht dóibh 13.8.1º, 13.8.2º;gan bheith ina chomhalta 12.6.1º, 12.6.2º; táinseamh12.10, 13.8; teachtaireacht nó aitheasc 13.7.1º, 13.7.3º;toghadh, ainmniú iarrthóirí 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º

vótaí 15.11Feic freisin Dáil Éireann; Oireachtas; Seanad Éireann

toghcháin: feic Dáil Éireann; Seanad Éireann; Uachtarán nahÉireann; údaráis áitiúla

Tráchtáil: feic Tionscal agus Tráchtáiltréascomhaltaí Thithe an Oireachtais 15.13míniú 39

tuairimí a nochtadh: feic saoránaightuistíoideachas dá gclainn, cearta agus dualgais 42Uachtarán Ard-Chomhairle Shaorstát Éireann: feic SaorstátÉireann

Uachtarán na hArd-Chúirte: feic Ard-ChúirtUachtarán na hÉireannArd-Aighne 30.2, 30.5Ard-Reachtaire Cuntas agus Ciste: feic Ard-ReachtaireCuntas agus Ciste

atoghadh 12.3.2º, 12.4.4ºbás 12.3, 12.7, 14.1beartas inmheánach agus beartas idirnáisiúnta 28.5.2ºBillí: achainí á iarraidh gan iad a shíniú 27; Airgid: feic BillíAirgid; cur faoi bhreith an phobail 27; cur faoi bhreithna Cúirte Uachtaraí 26, 34.3.3º; práinneacha, síniú 25.3;síniú: 13.3.1º; tar éis iad a chur faoi bhreith na Cúirte

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Uachtaraí 26.1.3º, 26.3; tar éis Reifrinn 46.5; tairiscintchun a sínithe 25.1; téacs a shíneofar 25.4.3º; tréimhsechun a sínithe 25.2, 25.3

breithiúna: feic breithiúna; Príomh-BhreitheamhBunreacht, cóip de a shíniú 25.5.2ºCoimisiún le linn dó bheith as láthair, etc. 14Coiste Pribhléidí 22.2.3ºComhairle Stáit: feic Comhairle Stáitcumhachtaí agus feidhmeanna 12.1, 13.8.1º, 13.10; oibriúagus comhlíonadh 13.9, 13.11, 14.1, 14.4, 14.5

Dáil Éireann, comóradh agus lánscor 13.2.1º, 13.2.2º,16.3.1º, 28.10

dearbhú 12.8dlíthe, fógairt 13.3.2º, 25.4.2º, 27.5.2º, 27.6, 46.5Fórsaí Cosanta: ardcheannas 13.4, 13.5.1º; oifigigh 13.5.2ºimeacht ón Stát 12.9maithiúnas 13.6míthreoir 12.3, 12.7, 14.1oifig: cur as oifig 12.10; dul i gcúram oifige 12.7, 12.8; éirías 12.3, 12.7, 14.1; folúntas 14.1; seachas oifigUachtaráin 12.6.3º; téarma oifige 12.3.1º

Oireachtas, cuid de 15.1.2ºPríomh-Bhreitheamh: feic Príomh-BhreitheamhRialtas, comhaltaí: ceapadh 13.1.2º, 28.1; éirí nó cur asoifig 13.1.3º, 28.9

Seanad Éireann, céad-tionól tar éis olltoghcháin 18.8sochair agus liúntais 12.11.2º, 12.11.3ºstát-áras 12.11.1ºtáinseamh 12.10, 13.8Taoiseach, ceapadh 13.1.1ºteachtaireacht nó aitheasc 13.7teideal 12.1Tithe an Oireachtais: feic Tithe an Oireachtaistoghadh: 12.2.1º; ainmniú 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º, 12.4.4º; ceartvótála 12.2.2º; daoine is intofa 12.4; lá an toghcháin

12.3.3º; modh an toghcháin 12.2, 12.4.5º; rialú an toghcháin12.5

tosach aige ar gach duine sa Stát 12.1uchtáilorduithe uchtála 37.2

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INDEX

221

INDEX

Note Page numbers are not used in this index:numbers relate to the Articles of the Constitution.Words which are capitalised in the text of theConstitution are capitalised in the index.

accountancySeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

adoptionadoption orders 37.2

aged and infirmsupport of 45.4.1º

Agreement, British-Irish: see British-Irish Agreementagreementsinternational 29.5, 29.6

AgricultureSeanad Éireann election panel, 18.7.1º

air: see natural resourcesAppeal, Court of: see Courtsappellate jurisdiction: see courtsappropriationMoney Bills: see Money Billspurpose of 17.2revenues of the State 11

architectureSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

armed forces: see military or armed forces. See also DefenceForces

armed rebellion: see rebellion, armedarrestmembers of the Houses of the Oireachtas 15.13

ArtSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

assembly, right of: see citizens; freedom of assemblyassociations and unions: see citizens; freedom of associationAttorney Generalappointment 30Bills referred to Supreme Court 26.2.1º

Council of State: see Council of Statefunctions 30.1Government membership 30.4prosecution of crimes and offences 30.3remuneration 30.6resignation or termination of appointment 30.5

bail 40.4.3º, 40.4.6ºballotDáil Éireann elections 16.1.4ºpresidential election 12.2.3º, 12.4.5ºSeanad Éireann elections 18.5

bankingSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

Belfast, Agreement: see British-Irish AgreementBillsConstitution: see ConstitutionCouncil of State: see Council of StateDáil Éireann: see Dáil ÉireannHouses of the Oireachtas: see Oireachtas, Houses oflaws: enactment 13.3.1º, 25.4.1º; promulgation 25.4.2ºMoney Bills: see Money Billspetitions against signature of 27reference to the people 27Seanad Éireann: see Seanad Éireannsignature of: see President of Irelandstated period for consideration of 23Supreme Court: see Supreme Courttext, official translation 25.4.4ºurgent 24

blasphemypublication or utterance 40.6.1º

British-Irish Agreement 29.7Ceann Comhairle, An (Chairman of Dáil Éireann): see DáilÉireann

censusconstituencies, population of 16.2.3º

Chairman of Dáil Éireann (An Ceann Comhairle): see DáilÉireann

Chairman of Seanad Éireann: see Seanad Éireann

INDEX

222

Chief JusticeCommission during absence, etc. of President of Ireland14.2.1º, 14.2.2º

Constitution, text of 25.5.2ºCouncil of State: see Council of Statedeclaration: 34.5.1º, 34.5.2º; judges 34.5.2ºSupreme Court, president of 34.4.2º

childrendissolution of marriage 41.3.2ºeducation: 42.2, 42.3.2º, 44.2.4º; parent’s duty 42.1,42.3.1º; State provision 42.4

employment of 45.4.2ºState guardianship 42.5

cinemapublic order and morality 40.6.1º

citizensassembly and associations 40.6Dáil Éireann membership and vote 16.1dwellings, inviolability of 40.5entitlement to be part of the Irish nation 2freedom of conscience 44.2.1ºfreedom of expression of opinions 40.6.1ºfundamental political duties of 9.2economic necessity of 45.4.2ºelection for President 12.2.2º, 12.4.1ºequality before law 40.1liberty of the person 40.4personal rights of 40.3right to adequate means of livelihood 45.2right to private property 43.1right to vote at Referendum 47.3right to vote for local authorities 28Aof Saorstát Éireann 9.1.1ºtitles of nobility 40.2

citizenship and nationalityacquisition of 2, 9.1.2º, 9.1.3ºBritish-Irish Agreement 29.7Saorstát Éireann citizens 9.1.1º

collective responsibility 28.4.2º

INDEX

223

Commerce: see Industry and CommerceCommission during absence or incapacity of President ofIrelandfunctions 14.1personnel 14.2quorum 14.3

Committee of Privilegesappointment 22.2.3ºfinality of decision of 22.2.5ºreport of 22.2.4º, 22.2.6ºwhether a Bill is or is not a Money Bill 22.2

common defence: see European Unioncommon good, the preamble, 6.1, 41.2.1º, 42.3.2º, 42.5,43.2.2º, 45.2

Comptroller and Auditor Generalappointment 33.2Dáil Éireann, reports to 33.4public moneys, disbursements and audits 33.1removal 33.5

conscience, freedom of: see citizens; freedom of conscienceconstituenciesDáil Éireann 16.2

Constitutionadoption of preambleBills amending 24.1, 25.1, 26, 46, 47.1British-Irish Agreement 29.7declaration by President to maintan 12.8enrolled copy of: preparation, authentication and enrolment25; text in national language prevails 25.5.4º

exercise of powers of government 6.2, 49.2judges and upholding of 34.5.1ºjudicial functions by authorised persons 37laws: enacted prior to date of 50.2; invalid to extent ofrepugnancy to 15.4; necessary during time of war orarmed rebellion 28.3.3º; validity of 34.3, 34.4, 40.4.3º

Referendum 46, 47.1Saorstát Éireann: see Saorstát Éireanntext of 25.5See also courts; High Court; Supreme Court

INDEX

224

Constitution of Saorstát Éireann: see Saorstát ÉireannCouncil of StateBills: Money 22.2.3º, 22.2.6º; petition against signature27.4.1º; reference to Supreme Court 26.1.1º, 26.1.2º;urgent 24.1

constitution of 31meetings 31.8, 32members appointed: period of office 31.5; resignation 31.6;termination of appointment 31.7

members’ declaration 31.4President of Ireland: convening Houses of Oireachtas13.2.3º; message to Houses of Oireachtas 13.7.1º;message to Nation 13.7.2º; powers and functions of13.9, 14.4, 31.1, 32

County Councilsnomination of presidential candidates 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º

courtmartial: see military tribunalscourtsAppeal, Court of 34.2,appellate jurisdiction 34.3, 34.4constitution and organisation 36crimes and offences, prosecution of 30.3dissolution of marriage 41.3.2ºFinal Appeal, Court of 34.2, 34.4.1ºFirst Instance, Court of 34.2, 34.3.1º, 34.3.4ºInternational Criminal Court 29.9justice, administration of 34.1law, validity of: see Constitutionmilitary tribunals and courtsmartial 38.4, 38.6pardon, right of 13.6President of Ireland in relation to 13.8punishment, power to commute or remit 13.6refusal of bail 40.4.6ºsocial policy 45special courts, power to establish 38.3, 38.6See also High Court; judges; Supreme Court

creditcontrol of 45.2

INDEX

225

crimes and offencesAttorney General, prosecution by 30.3jury, criminal charges before 38.5law, trial by 38.1military tribunals 38.4minor offences, trial of 38.2pardon, right of 13.6punishment, power to commute or remit 13.6special courts 38.3treason, definition of 39

Culture: see LanguageDáil Éireannagreements, international 29.5, 29.6appropriation of revenue or other public moneys 17.2Bills: amendment of Constitution 46; held up in SeanadÉireann 23; initiated in and passed by Dáil Éireann 20.1;initiated in and passed by Seanad Éireann 20.2.1º, 23.2.1º;initiated in Seanad Éireann and amended by Dáil Éireann20.2.2º; Money: see Money Bills; petition against sig-nature of 27; urgent 24

casual vacancies 16.7Chairman: Money Bills 22.2.1º, 22.2.6º; Bills petitionedagainst 27.5.1º, 27.6; urgent Bills 24.1; casting vote15.11.2º; Ceann Comhairle, An 14.2.1º; Commissionduring absence, etc. of President 14.2.1º, 14.2.3º;Council of State 31.2; election as member 16.6; electionto office 15.9.1º; removal of judges 35.4.1º; remuner-ation 15.9.2º

Committee of Privileges: see Committee of PrivilegesComptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

constituencies 16.2Deputy Chairman: Commission during absence, etc. ofPresident 14.2.3º; election to office 15.9.1º; remuner-ation 15.9.2

dissolution and summoning of 13.2.1º, 13.2.2º, 16.3, 28.10duration of 16.5election: casual vacancies 16.7; eligibility for 16.1; firstmeeting after polling day 16.4.2º; general 16.3.2º,16.4.1º; polling 16.4.1º; voting 16.1, 16.2.5º

INDEX

226

Estimates of receipts and expenditure 17.1.1º, 28.4.4ºFinancial Resolutions 17.1.2ºGovernment: see GovernmentHouse of Representatives 15.1.2ºinvasion 28.3.2ºlaws: constituencies 16.2.6; revenue or other public moneys17.2; sex disqualification 16.1.3º

membership of 16.1, 16.2, 16.6, 16.7, 28.7Oireachtas, House of 15.1.2ºremoval of judges 35.4summoning: see dissolution and summoning aboveTaoiseach: nomination of 13.1.1º; resignation of 28.10,28.11.2º

war, assent to 28.3death penalty, prohibition of 15.5.2ºdebt: see Money BillsDefence Forcescommissions 13.5.2ºcourtsmartial 38.4.2ºsupreme command of 13.4, 13.5.1ºwar, during time of 40.4.5ºSee also military or armed forces

democracyaffirmation of 5

Departments of State: see Statediscrimination, political, religious or class 40.6.2º, 44.2.3º, 44.2.4ºdissolution of marriage 41.3.2ºDublin CityHouses of Oireachtas, sittings 15.1.3ºPresident’s official residence 12.11.1º

Dublin UniversitySeanad Éireann members 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º, 18.6

dwellinginviolability of 40.5

educationeducational institutions, property of 44.2.6ºfamily rights 42primary 42.4Seanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1ºSee also children, parents

INDEX

227

Éire: see Irelandequality before the law 40.1elections: see Dáil Éireann; President of Ireland; SeanadÉireann; local authorities

emergency: see Oireachtas, Houses ofenergy: see natural resourcesengineeringSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

English language 8.2, 8.3enrolled text of Constitution 25.5Estimates of receipts and expenditureconsideration by Dáil Éireann 17.1.1º, 28.4.4º

European Communities: Ireland’s membership 29.4.3ºEuropean Unioncommon defence 29.4.9ºlaws, arising from membership of 29.4.7ºLisbon Treaty 29.4.5º, 29.4.6º

Executive Power: see GovernmentExternal Relations: see International RelationsFamilychildren, education of 42.1Marriage, protection of 41.3mothers, employment of 41.2.2ºSociety, unit group of 41.1.1ºState, protection of 41.1.2ºwoman’s life within the home, recognition of 41.2

Final Appeal, Court of: see Courts; Supreme CourtfinanceSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

Finance, Department ofmember of government in charge of 28.7.1º

Financial Resolutionslegislation to give effect to 17.1.2º

First Instance, Courts of: see CourtsFisheriesSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

flag, nationaldescription of 7

franchises: see natural resources

INDEX

228

freedom of assembly 40.6freedom of association 40.6freedom of conscience 42.3.1º, 44.2.1ºfreedom of expression 40.6.1ºfreedom to obtain or make available information 40.3.3ºfreedom to travel 40.3.3ºfunctional or vocational councilsestablishment of 15.3Seanad Éireann, direct election to 19

fundrevenues of the State 11

Governmentappointment of 13.1, 28.1appropriation of revenue or other public moneys 17.2Attorney General: see Attorney GeneralBills: earlier signature of 25.2.2º; urgent 24.1confidentiality of discussions at meetings of 28.4.3ºconstitution of 28.1Dáil Éireann: approval of 13.1.2º; dissolution 28.11.2º;Estimates of receipts and expenditures 28.4.4º; member-ship 28.7; responsibility to 28.4.1º

Departments of State: collective responsibility for 28.4.2º;Ministers in charge of 28.12

derivation and exercise of powers of 6Estimates of receipts and expenditure 28.4.4ºexecutive power, exercise of 28.2, 29.4, 49.2external relations 29.4functional or vocational councils 15.3.2ºinvasion, in case of 28.3.2ºmembers: absence or incapacity of 28.12; appointment of13.1; continue in office until successors appointed 28.11;Dáil Éireann or Seanad Éireann membership 28.7;number of 28.1; remuneration of 28.12; resignation of,on resignation of Taoiseach 28.11.1º; resignation ortermination of appointment of 13.1.3º, 28.9; right to beheard in each House of the Oireachtas 28.8

Ministers in charge of State Departments 28.12nation’s right to choose form of 1natural resources 10

INDEX

229

policy, right of citizens to criticise 40.6.1ºPresident: communications to Houses of Oireachtas orNation 13.7.3º; leaving the State 12.9; powers andfunctions of 13.9, 13.11

Saorstát Éireann, successors of Government of 49.3state, preservation of 28.3.2ºTánaiste, nomination and duties of 28.6Taoiseach, nomination of, as head of 13.1.1º, 28.5.1ºtitles of nobility or honour in relation to citizens 40.2treason, definition of 39

Habeas Corpuslaw, validity of 40.4.3ºright to order of 40.4war, during state of 40.4.5º

High Courtappeal from 34.4.3cabinet confidentiality 28.4.3ºFirst Instance, Court of 34.3.1ºHabeas Corpus proceedings 40.4judges: see judgesjurisdiction 34.3law, validity of 34.3, 40.4.3ºPresident of 14.2.2º, 31.2, 40.4.4º

House of Representatives: see Dáil ÉireannHouses of Oireachtas: see Oireachtas, Houses ofimpeachment: see President of Irelandindecent matterpublication or utterance of 40.6.1º

independenceaffirmation of 5of the nation preamble

Industry and Commercecontrol of essential commodities, in relation to social well-being 45.2

private initiative, encouragement of 45.3.1ºprotection of public, against exploitation 45.3.2ºSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

infirm, aged andsupport of 45.4.1º

INDEX

230

information on services lawfully available in another state,freedom to obtain or make available 40.3.3º

Institutions of Higher EducationSeanad Éireann, membership of 18.4.2º

International Criminal CourtRome Statute 29.9

International Law: see International RelationsInternational Relationsagreements, international 29.5, 29.6disputes, international, pacific settlement of 29.2executive power of State in connection with externalrelations 29.4

international law, principles of 29.3, 29.8nation’s right to determine 1peace, ideal of 29.1President of Ireland 28.5.2º

Invasionprotection of State 28.3.2º

Irelandboth jurisdictions 3shared institutions with executive powers and functions 3.2citizenship and nationality 9Constitution, adoption of preambleÉire preamble, 4international law, principles of 29.3, 29.8name of State 4national flag 7peace, ideal of 29.1, 29.2President: see President of Irelandtype of State 5united 3.1

Iris Oifigiúilpromulgation of laws 25.4.2º

Irish ancestrypeople abroad of 2

Irish language 8.1, 8.3islands 2judgesappointment 35.1, 36

INDEX

231

declaration 34.5Habeas Corpus order by 40.4Houses of Oireachtas, membership 35.3independence of 35.2judicial functions by persons other than 37justice, administration of 34.1number 36office of emolument, other 35.3President of Ireland, declaration of 12.8removal 35.4remuneration 35.5, 36retirement 36

jurisdictionextra-territorial 29.8

jurycriminal charges before 38.5

justicecabinet confidentiality 28.4.3ºjudges, administration by 34.1judicial functions by persons other than judges 37Justice, Chief: see Chief Justicepublic administration of 34.1social order 45.1special courts 38.3

LabourSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

LanguageBills passed in both official languages 25.4.3º, 25.4.6ºconstitution, enrolled copy of 25.5.4ºEnglish, second official language 8.2, 8.3Irish, first official language 8.1, 8.3laws, translation of 25.4.4ºSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

lawsagreements, international 29.6appropriation of revenue or other public moneys 17.2area and extent of application of 3.1assembly and associations 40.6Attorney General 30.1

INDEX

232

Bills: see Billsblasphemous, seditious or indecent matter, publication orutterance of 40.6.1º

citizens: dwellings, inviolability of 40.5; equality of beforelaw 40.1; personal liberty, deprival of 40.4; protectionof personal rights of 40.3

Constitution: see ConstitutionDáil Éireann: see Dáil Éireannenrolment for record 25.4.5º, 25.4.6ºEuropean Union: see European Unionexternal relations 29.4.2ºextra-territorial jurisdiction 29.8Financial Resolutions, legislation to give effect to 17.1.2ºinformation on services lawfully available in another state40.3.3º

International: agreements 29.6; law 29.3; Rome Statute29.9

judges, and upholding of 34.5.1ºlanguages, where texts enrolled in both 25.4.5º, 25.4.6ºlegislation ex post facto 15.5.1ºlocal authorities 28Amarriage 41.3.2ºmilitary law 38.4Oireachtas, power of making 15.2.1ºoperation, date of 25.4.1ºPresident and upholding of 12.8prohibition of death penalty 15.5.2ºpromulgation of 13.3.2º, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4.2º, 27.5.2º,27.6, 46.5

property, right of private 43.1.2ºrefusal of bail 40.4.6ºright to life 40.3.3ºSaorstát Éireann 50schools, State aid for 44.2.4ºsocial policy in making of 45translation, official 25.4.4ºurgent, period of force of 24.3validity of: see Constitutionwar or armed rebellion 28.3.3º

INDEX

233

legislaturessubordinate 15.2.2º

local authorities 28Alocal government 28Aliberty of the person: see citizenslife: see right to lifeLisbon Treaty 29.4.5º, 29.4.6ºLiteratureSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

marriagedissolution of 41.3.2ºState protection of institution of 40.3.1ºSee also Family

military or armed forcesraising and maintenance of 15.6See also Defence Forces

military tribunals 38.4, 38.6mines and minerals: see natural resourcesminor offences 38.2Money BillsCommittee of Privileges 22.2Dáil Éireann: certificate of Chairman 22.2.1º, 22.2.6º;initiation in 21.1.1º; passed by 21.1.2º; sent to SeanadÉireann for its recommendations 21.1.1º, 21.2; urgentMoney Bills in 24.2

definition of 22.1Seanad Éireann: recommendations 21.1.2º, 21.2; referenceto Committee of Privileges 22.2; urgent Money Bills in24.2

Supreme Court, not referable to 26monopoliesessential commodities 45.2exploitation of public 45.3.2º

mothers, employment of 41.2.2º. See also right to lifenationBritish-Irish Agreement 29.7diversity of identities and traditions 3.1entitlement to be part of 2Family and welfare of 41.1.2º

INDEX

234

fidelity to 9.2presidential messages to 13.7.2º, 13.7.3ºsovereign rights of 1will to unite all the people 3.1

national flagdescription of 7

national language 8.1, 8.3, 25.4.6º, 25.5.4ºnational life 45National Parliament: see Oireachtasnational policydecisions on 6.1President in relation to 28.5.2º

National University of Irelandelection of members of Seanad Éireann 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º,18.6

nationality: see citizenship and nationalitynatural resourcesstate property 10

offences: see crimes and offencesOireachtasAgreements, international 29.6Dáil Éireann constituencies, revision of 16.2.4ºfunctional or vocational councils, provision for 15.3laws: for public safety 28.3.3º; making of 15.2.1º; promul-gation of 13.3.2º; repugnant to Constitution 15.4; SaorstátÉireann 50

legislation ex post facto 15.5.1ºNational Parliament 15.1raising and maintenance of military or armed forces 15.6reports and publications of 15.12sessions 15.7social policy in making laws 45

Oireachtas, Houses ofBills, passed or deemed to have been passed by both13.3.1º, 20.3, 21.2.2º, 23, 24.2, 25.1, 26, 27, 46.2

cabinet confidentiality 28.4.3ºComptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

convening of 13.2.3º

INDEX

235

emergency 15.8.2º, 24.1, 28.3.3ºfreedom of debate in 15.10Government, right of attendance of members of 28.8judges: membership of 35.3; removal of 35.4laws: extension of period of force of 24.3; Saorstát Éireann50

limitations on membership of 15.14meetings in vicinity of 40.6.1ºmembers: allowances and free travelling 15.15; privilegesof 15.13; protection of 15.10

President: declaration by, on taking office 12.8; election,nomination of candidates for 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º;impeachment of 12.10, 13.8; membership of eitherHouse 12.6.1º, 12.6.2º; messages and addresses by13.7.1º, 13.7.3º; power to convene 13.2.3º;responsibility of 13.8.1º, 13.8.2º

protection of official documents and members’ privatepapers 15.10

questions, determination of 15.11.1º, 15.11.2ºquorum 15.11.3ºreports and publications of 15.12sittings 15.1.3º, 15.8standing orders and rules 15.10stated period 23utterances made in 15.12, 15.13votes 15.11

opinions, expression of: see citizensorphansState support 45.4.1º

panels of candidatesformation 18.7functional or vocational groups, substitution of 19Seanad Éireann elections 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º

pardon, right ofvested in President 13.6

parentseducation of children, rights and duties 42

Parliamentextent of application of laws 3.1

INDEX

236

natural resources 10Oireachtas 15.1.1º

peaceideal of 29.1international disputes, settlement of 29.2

peopleBill petitioned against 27Constitution, adoption of preamblecouncils, functional or vocational 15.3crimes and offences, prosecution of 30.3derivation of powers of government 6.1policy: national 6.1; social 45President: election of 12.2.1º; in relation to 12.8Referendum: see Referendumright to decide national policy 6.1right to designate rulers of the State 6.1Saorstát Éireann, executive authority of 49.1

petitionBill, signature of 27

policy: see national policy; social policypopulationDáil Éireann constituencies in relation to 16.2

President of Executive Council of Saorstát Éireann: see SaorstátÉireann

President of the High Court: see High CourtPresident of Irelandabsence of 14.1Attorney General 30.2, 30.5Bills: reference to people 27; reference to the SupremeCourt 26, 34.3.3º; signature of, 13.3.1º; signature of,following reference to Supreme Court 26.1.3º, 26.3;signature of, following Referendum 46.5; signature of,period for 25.2, 25.3; signature of, petition against 27;signature of, presented for 25.1; signature of, text passedby both Houses of the Oireachtas 25.4.3º; signature of,urgent 25.3

Chief Justice: see Chief JusticeCommission during absence, etc. of 14Committee of Privileges 22.2

INDEX

237

Comptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

Constitution, signature of copy of 25.5.2ºCouncil of State: see Council of StateDáil Éireann, dissolution and summoning of 13.2.1º,13.2.2º, 16.3.1º, 28.10

death of 12.3, 12.7, 14.1declaration by 12.8Defence Forces: commissions in 13.5.2º; supremecommand of 13.4, 13.5.1º

election: 12.2.1º; eligibility for 12.4.1º; method of 12.2,12.4.5º; nomination 12.4.2º, 12.4.3º, 12.4.4º; regulationof 12.5; right to vote at 12.2.2º; time of 12.3.3º

emoluments and allowances 12.11.2º, 12.11.3ºGovernments, members of: appointment of 13.1.2º, 28.1;resignation or termination of appointment of 13.1.3º,28.9

impeachment 12.10, 13.8incapacity of 12.3, 12.7, 14.1judges: see Chief Justice; judgeslaws, promulgation of 13.3.2º, 25.4.2º, 27.5.2ºleaving the State 12.9messages and addresses 13.7nation, messages to 13.7.2º, 13.7.3ºoffice: entry upon 12.7, 12.8; other than Presidency, holdingof 12.6.3º; removal from 12.3, 12.7, 12.10, 14.1;resignation from 12.3, 12.7, 14.1; term of 12.3.1º;vacancy in 14.1

official residence 12.11.1ºOireachtas: constituent of 15.1.2º; Houses of: seeOireachtas, Houses of

pardon, right of 13.6policy, domestic and international 28.5.2ºpowers and functions: conferred by Constitution and by law12.1, 13.8.1º, 13.10; exercise and performance of 12.1,13.9, 13.11, 14.1, 14.4, 14.5

precedence 12.1re-election, eligibility for 12.3.2º, 12.4.4ºSeanad Éireann, first meeting after general election 18.8

INDEX

238

Taoiseach, appointment of 13.1.1ºUachtarán na hÉireann 12.1

Presidential Commission: see Commission during absence orincapacity of President of Ireland

pressliberty of 40.6.1º

primary education 42.4Prime Minister: see Taoiseachprivate enterprise 45.3.2ºprivate propertymaterial resources of the community 45.2of religious denominations 44.2.5º, 44.2.6ºprotection of 40.3.2º, 43

Privileges, Committee of: see Committee of Privilegespromulgation of laws: see lawsproperty: see natural resources; private property; Stateproportional representationDáil Éireann elections 16.2.5ºelection of President of Ireland 12.2.3ºSeanad Éireann elections 18.5

Public AdministrationSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

public interestcabinet confidentiality 28.4.3º

public moneysagreements, international 29.5.2ºappropriation by Dáil Éireann 17.2Comptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

Money Bills: see Money Billsschools, State aid for 44.2.4º

public safety and orderassembly and associations 40.6.1ºconscience, freedom of 44.2.1ºcourts, special 38.3.1ºinvasion, in case of 28.3.2ºopinion, freedom of 40.6.1ºrebellion, armed 28.3.3ºreligion, practice of 44.2.1º

INDEX

239

urgent Bills 24.1war, laws necessary during time of 28.3.3º

radiopublic order, morality, and authority of State 40.6.1º

rebellion, armedDefence Forces, acts of 40.4.5ºlaws necessary during 28.3.3ºmilitary tribunals 38.4treason 39See alsoWar

receipts and expenditure, Estimates of: see Estimates of receiptsand expenditure

ReferendumBills, petition against signature of 27.5, 27.6Constitution: amendment 46.2, 47.1; proposals other thanfor amendment 47.2

regulation of 47.4vote, right to 47.3

religionassembly and associations 40.6.2ºdenominations, religious, rights and property of 44.2.5º,44.2.6º

disabilities or discrimination 44.2.3º, 44.2.4ºeducation of children, religious 42.1, 42.4endowment 44.2.2ºfree profession 44.2.1ºschools, State-aid for 44.2.4ºworship, public 44.1

resources: see natural resourcesrevenuesappropriation by Dáil Éireann 17.2one fund 11

right to life 40.3Rome Statute: see International Criminal CourtRome, Treaty 29.4.3ºroyalties: see natural resourcesSaorstát ÉireannConstitution, repeal of 48

INDEX

240

Council of State and former Presidents of Executive Council31.2

executive authority 49.1Government succession to Government of 49.3Ireland: citizenship of 9.1.1ºland, mines, minerals and waters 10.2laws of 50

schoolsfreedom of choice of 42.2, 42.3.1ºprivate 42.2State 42.2, 42.3.1ºState aid for 44.2.4º

seas 2Seanad ÉireannBills: abridged period for consideration of urgent 24;concurrence in earlier signature of 25.2.2º; held up in23; initiated in 20.2, 23.2.1º; Money: see Money Bills;passed by Dáil Éireann, amendment of 20.1; signatureof, petition against 27

casual vacancies 18.10.2º, 18.10.3ºChairman: Bills, petitioned against 27.5.1º, 27.6; Bills,urgent 24.1; casting vote 15.11.2º; Commission duringabsence, etc., of President 14.2.1º, 14.2.4º; Council ofState 31.2; election to office 15.9.1º; removal of judges35.4.2º; remuneration 15.9.2º

Committee of Privileges: see Committee of PrivilegesComptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

Dáil Éireann dissolution, effect of 18.8Deputy Chairman: Commission during absence, etc., ofPresident 14.2.4º; election to office 15.9.1º; remuner-ation 15.9.2º

duration of 18.8election of 18, 19: functional or vocational groups 19;general 18.7.1º, 18.8, 18.9; first meeting after election18.8

Government: see Governmentjudges, removal of 35.4members 18.1, 18.2: elected 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º, 18.10.1º,

INDEX

241

18.10.3º; election of 18, 19; Government, members of28.7.2º; nominated 18.3, 18.10.2º; term of office 18.9;universities and other institutions of higher education18.4.1º, 18.4.2º, 18.6

Oireachtas, House of 15.1.2ºpanels, formation of 18.7Senate, designation of 15.1.2º

secret ballot: see ballotseditionpublication or utterance of 40.6.1º

Senate: see Seanad Éireannsexcitizenship 9.1.3ºDáil Éireann 16.1livelihood 45.2, 45.4.2ºnationality 9.1.3º

social justice, principles of 43.2.1ºsocial policycitizens, livelihood of 45.2credit, control of 45.2directive principles of 45economic interests of the weaker sections of the community45.4.1º

enterprise, conduct of private 45.3.2ºessential commodities, control of 45.2families on the land, establishment of 45.2initiative, private 45.3.1ºOireachtas, application of principles by 45resources, application of material 45.2social order, promotion of 45.1workers, health of 45.4.2º

social services and activitiesSeanad Éireann election panel 18.7.1º

sovereigntyaffirmation of 1, 5

special courts 38.3Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic andMonetary Union Treaty 29.10

State

INDEX

242

agreements, international 29.5citizens, personal rights of 40citizenship and nationality 9.1Comptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

Council of: see Council of StateDepartments 28.12education: see educationexecutive power, exercise of 28.2, 29.4, 49.2external relations 29.4Family: see Familyinvasion of 28.3land, mines, minerals and waters 10.2, 10.4languages of 8local government 28Aloyalty to 9.2Ministers 28.12moneys, control of disbursements of public 33.1name of 4national flag 7natural resources 10Oireachtas and power of making laws 15.2powers of governments 6President: leaving State 12.9; precedence 12.1property, private 43receipts and expenditure, Estimates of 17.1.1º, 28.4.4ºreligion 44revenues 11right of people to designate rulers of 6.1social policy 45titles of nobility or honour 40.2treason, defined 39type of 5war: declaration of 28.3; time of 28.3.3º

Supreme Courtappellate jurisdiction 34.4.3º, 34.4.4ºBills: enrolment for record 25.4.5; referred by President 26,27.4.2º, 34.3.3º

Committee of Privileges 22.2.3º

INDEX

243

Constitution, enrolment of signed copy of text 25.5.2º,25.5.3º, 25.5.4º

Final Appeal, Court of 34.4.1ºincapacity of President of Ireland 12.3.1ºjudges: see judgeslaw, validity of: Bill referred originally to Supreme Court34.3.3º; decision 34.4.5º, 34.4.6º; Habeas Corpus 40.4;jurisdiction 34.3.2º, 34.4.4º

president of 34.4.2ºTánaisteCouncil of State: see Council of StateDáil Éireann, member of 28.7.1ºnomination of 28.6.1ºTaoiseach, acts for 28.6.2º, 28.6.3º

Taoiseachappointment of 13.1.1ºappropriation by Dáil Éireann of revenue or other publicmonies 17.2

Attorney General: see Attorney GeneralBills: signature and promulgation of 25.1; signature andpromulgation of, petition against 27.5.1º, 27.6; urgent24.1

Comptroller and Auditor General: see Comptroller andAuditor General

constitution, text of 25.5Council of State: see Council of StateDáil Éireann: majority support in 13.2.2º, 28.10; member of28.7.1º; summoning and dissolution of 13.2.1º, 13.2.2º,16.3.1º

Government: head of 28.5.1º; nomination of members of13.1.2º; resignation or termination of appointment ofmembers of 13.1.3º, 28.9.2º, 28.9.3º, 28.9.4º, 28.11.1º

judges, removal of 35.4President in relation to policy 28.5.2ºPrime Minister 13.1.1º, 28.5.1ºresignation 28.9.1º, 28.10, 28.11Seanad Éireann: first meeting after general election 18.8;nominated members of 18.3, 18.10.2º

INDEX

244

successor, appointment of 28.11Tánaiste: see Tánaiste

taxationMoney Bill, definition of 22.1

titles of nobility or honourgovernment approval of 40.2.2ºState, in relation to 40.2.1º

Trade: see Industry and Commercetravel, freedom to 40.3.3ºtreasondefinition of 39members of Houses of Oireachtas 15.13

Uachtarán na hÉireann: see President of Irelandunborn: see right to lifeuniversities: see Seanad ÉireannUniversity of Dublinelection of members of Seanad Éireann 18.4.1º, 18.4.2º,18.6

vocational councils: see functional or vocational councilswarDáil Éireann assent to participation in 28.3Defence Forces, acts of 40.4.5ºemergency, national 28.3.3ºlaws necessary during time of 28.3.3ºmilitary tribunals 38.4treason 39

widows, state support 45.4.1ºwomen: see family; sexworkcitizens’ livelihood through occupations 45.2health of workers 45.4.2ºmothers’ work 41.2.2º

worshippublic 44.1

INDEX

245

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