constructing and scoring essay test3

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CONSTRUCTING

SCORING ESSAY

TEST AND



GENERAL TYPES OF AN ESSAY

TESTEXTENDED RESPONSE ESSAY ITEM - is one

that allow for an in-depth sampling of students

knowledge, thinking processes, and problem-

solving behavior relative to a specific fact.

RESTRICTED RESPONSE ESSAT ITEM ± is

one where the examinee is required to provide

limited response based on a specified criterion

for answering the question.



LEARNING OUTCOMESMEASURED EFFECTIVELY WITH

ESSAY ITEMS

According to Gronlund and Linn (1990), there

are 12 complex learning outcomes that can

be measured effectively with essay items.

These are the abilities to:



Explain cause- effects relationships

Describe application of principles;

Present relevant arguments;

Formulate tenable hypotheses;

State necessary assumptions;

Describe the limitations of data;



Explain method and procedures;

Produce, organize and express ideas;

Integrate learning in different areas; Create original forms; and

Evaluate the worth of ideas.



CONTENT VERSUS EXPRESSION

- it is frequent claimed that essay item allowsthe students to present his/her knowledge andunderstanding. More often or not, factors like

expression, grammar, spelling and the like areevaluated in relation to content. If the teacher has attempted to develop students¶ skills inexpression, and if these learning outcomes areincluded in the table of specifications,

assessment of such skills is just right andvalid.



SPECIFIC TYPES OF ESSAY

QUESTIONSI. RECALL

A. SIMPLE RECALL

1. What is the chemical formula for sodium

bicarbonate?

2. Who wrote the novel, ³The Last of theMohicans?´



B. SELECTIVE RECALL- in which a basis foe

evaluation or judgment is suggested

1. Who among the Greek philosophersaffected your thinking as a student?

2. Which method of recycling is the most

appropriate to use at home?



II. UNDERSTANDING

a. Comparison of two phenomena on a singledesignated basis.

1. Compare 19TH century and present-day

Filipino writers with respect to their involvement and societal affairs.

b. Comparison of the phenomena in general

2. Compare the Philippine Revolution of 1896with that people¶s of the Philippine Revolutionof 1985.



c. Explanation of the use or extract meaning of aphrase or statement.

1.The legal system of the Mesopotamians

was anchored on the principle of an eye for an

eye, tooth far a tooth. What does this principlemean?

d. Summary of text or some portion on it.

1. What is the central idea of communism as

an economic system?E. Statement of an artist¶s purpose in the selection

or organization of material.



1. Why did Hemingway describe in detail theepisode in which Gordon, lying wounded, engages

the oncoming enemy?



III. APPLICATIONS

It should be clearly understood that whether

or not a question requires applicationsdepend on the preliminary educational

experience.

IV. CAUSE/EFFECTS

1. Why did Fascism prevail in Germany andItaly but not in Great Britain and France?

2. Why does frequent dependence in penicillinfor treatment of minor ailment results in itsreduced effectiveness against major innovationof body tissues by infectious bacteria?



III. ANALYSIS

1. Why does Hamlet torn by conflicting desire?

2. Why was the Propaganda Movement a

successful failure?



C. STATEMENT OF RELATIONSHIP

1. A researcher reported that the teachingstyles correlates with students¶ achievement

about 0.75. What does this correlation mean?

D. ILLUSTRATION/ EXAMPLES OF

PRINCIPLES

1. Identify three examples of the uses of the

hammer in a typical Filipino home.



V. APPLICATIONS OF RULES/PRINCIPLES IN

SPCIFIED SITUATIONS

1. Would you weigh more/less in the moon?

Why or why not?

VI. REORGANIZATION OF FACTS

1.Some radical Filipino historians assert that

the Filipino revolution against Spain was from thetop not from below. Using the same observation,

what conclusion is possible?



G. JUDGMENT

a. Decision for/ against

1. Should members of the Communist

Party of the Philippines be allowed to teachin college or universities? Why or why not?

2. Nature is more influential than the

environment in shaping an individual¶spersonality. Prove or disprove this

statement.



b. Discussion1. Trace the events that led to the downfall of

the dictatorial regime of Ferdinand Marcos.

c. Criticism, adequacy, correctness or

relevance of correctness1. Former president Joseph Estrada was

convicted for the case of plunder by the Sandigang

Bayan. Comment on the adequacy of the evidence

used b the said tribunal reaching the decision onthe cased filed against the chief executive of the

country.



d. Formulation of new questions

1. What should be the focus of researches of

education TO explain the incidence of failureamong students with high intelligence quotient?

2. What question should parents ask their

children in order to determine the reasons why that join fraternities and sororities?



EXAMPLES OF ESSAY QUESTION

BASED IN BLOOM¶S TAXANOMY

OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

A. KNOWLEDGE

Explain why Egypt came to be calledthe gift of the Nile.



B. COMPREHENSION

What is meant when a person says, ³I had just

crossed the bridge.

C. APPLICATION

Give at least three examples of how the law of

supply operates in our economy today?



D. ANALYSIS

Explain the causes and effects of the People¶s

Power Revolution on the political and the social life

of the Filipino people.

E. SYNTHESIS

Describe the origin and the significance of thecelebration of Christmas the world over.



SOURCES OF DIFFICULTIES IN THE USE OF

ESSAY TEST

There are four (4) sources of difficulty that arelikely encountered by teachers in the use of

essay test (Greenberg et al, 1996) and they are

enumerated are as follows:



1. QUESTION CONSTRUCTION

2. READER RELIABILITY

3. INSTRUMENT RELIABILITY

4.IN

STRUM

ENT V

AL

IDITY



GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTING,

EVALUATIONS AND USING ESSAY

TEST

1. Limit the problem that the question

possesses so that it will have a clear or definite

meaning to most students.

2. Use simple words which will convey clear

meaning to the students.

3. Prepare enough questions to sample the

material of the subject area broadly, within a

reasonable idea and writing.



4. Use the essay question for purposes itbest serves, like organization, handling

complicated ideas and writing.

5.P

repare questions which requireconsiderable thought, but which can be

answered in relatively words.

6. Determine in advance how much weight

will be accorded each of the various

elements expected in a complete answer.



7. Without knowledge of the student¶s name, score

for each question for all students.

8. Require all students to answer all questions onthe test. Write questions about the materials

immediately relevant to the subject.

9. Make a gross judgment of the relative

excellence of answer as a first step in grading.



10. Make a gross judgment of the relativeexcellence of answer as a first step in

grading.

11. Word a question as simple as possible inorder to make the task clear.

12. Do not judge papers on the basis of

external factors unless they have beenclearly stipulated.



SCORING ESSAY TEST



A. METHODS IN SCORING ESSAYTESTS

1. It is critical that the teacher prepare, in

advance a detailed ideal answer.

2. Student papers should be scored

anonymously and that all answers to a given item

be scored one at a time, rather than grading eachtotal separately.



B. DISTRACTORS IN SCORING

ESSAY TEST

Handwriting

Style

Grammar

Knowledge of the students

Neatness



C. TWO WAYS OF SCORING ESSAY

TEST

HOLISTIC SCORING- In this type, a total

score is assigned in each essay items based

the teacher¶s general impression or over-allassessment.

ANALYTIC SCORING- In this type, the essay

is scored in terms of each components



D. GUIDELINES IN SCORING ESSAY

TEST TO AVOID SUBJECTIVTY

1. Decide what factors constitute a good

answer before administering an essayquestion.

2. Explain these factors in the test item..



3. Read all the answers to a single essay question

before reading other questions

4. Reread essay answers a second time after

initial scoring



P

resented by:GLINOGA, IZAROSE

ECHEVARIA, RHEA

TAGUINOD, JESUSA

TOMINES, ARTURITO

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