construction program

7/30/2019 Construction Program

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Project ??

A project is a series of activities

directed to accomplishment of adesired objective.


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Characteristic of a Project

3

A unique, one-time operational activity or effort

Large number of interrelated activities

Established to achieve specific objective

Resources are limited

Typically has its own Organisational structure

Needs leadership


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Projects involving few activities, resources,

constraints and inter-relationship can be

visualized easily by the human mind and planned

informally.


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When a project crosses a certain threshold level

of size and complexity, informal planning has to

be substituted by formal planning.


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In SCHEDULING the

execution of project isdetailed according to

work sequence and this

forms the basis of day to

day action.

SCHEDULING


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Scheduling Techniques

Gantt chart

Network AnalysisCPM

PERT

In projects


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GANTT CHART

A Gantt chart is a Bar chart.

Gantt chart is a list of activities with the start and

finish of each activity shown as a bar plotted to atime scale.

It representWork Breakdown Structure ( WBS) of a

project.


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GANTT CHART
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/GanttChartAnatomy.svg


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Easy to draw

Easy to understand

Senior executives likes to be briefed in a minimum

possible time.

Summary of tens of activities can be depicted by onebar.

Easy to change.

Least complex means of reporting project progress.

Reasons for Popularity


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Network analysis

Network analysis is the general

name given to certain specific

techniques which can be used for

the planning, management and

control of projects.


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History

PERT was developed by the US Navy for the planning and control ofthe Polaris missile program and the emphasis was on completing the

program in the shortest possible time.

CPM was developed by Du Pont and the emphasis was on thetrade-off between the cost of the project and its overall

completion time

Developed in 1950s

CPM by DuPont for chemical plants

PERT by U.S. Navy for Polaris missile


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Network diagram is a cluster diagram represents

activity andeventby arrow and nodes.

Activity

Is a task that must be performed.

EventIs a mile stone marking the completion of one or

more activities.

Network Diagram


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CPM / PERT

CPM PERT

Activity on Node Activity on Arrow

Single time estimate Multiple time estimate

No probabilities are

considered

Probabilities are

consideredUsed in repetitive nature of

job where time estimate canbe predicted

Used in non-repetitivejobs where time estimates

are uncertain.


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Network diagramTerminology

Arrows An arrow leads from tail to head directionally

Nodes A node is represented by a circle

Dummy Activity

It indicates only precedence relationship & does not require any time

Activity-on-Node (AON)

Nodes represent activities, and arrows show precedence relationships

Activity-on-arrow (AOA)

Arrows represent activities and nodes are events for points in time

Contd.


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Critical Path

It is the longest path on the Network

Critical ActivitiesAll activities on the critical path

Earliest Start Time (ES)Earliest time an activity can start

Earliest Finish time (EF)Earliest time an activity can finish

Latest Start Time (LS)Latest start time an activity can start without delaying critical path time

Latest Finish time (LF)Latest finish time an activity can be completed without delaying criticalpath time

Contd..


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FLOATIt is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed withoutdelaying the critical path.

Float = LS-ES = LF-EF

CrashingReducing project time by deploying additional resources

Crash timeAn amount of time as activity is reduced.


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darla/smbs/vit 18

AOA Project Network for House

32 0

1

3

1 1

11 2 4 6 7

3

5

Layfoundation

Design houseand obtainfinancing

Order andreceivematerials

Dummy

Finishwork

Selectcarpet

Selectpaint

Buildhouse

AON Project Network for House

13

22

43

31 5

1

61

71Start

Design houseand obtainfinancing

Order and receivematerials Select paint

Select carpet

Lay foundations Build house

Finish work


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Situations in network diagramA

B

C

A must finish before either B or C can start

A

B

C both A and B must finish before C can start

D

C

B

Aboth A and B must finish before either of C or

D can start

A

C

B

D

Dummy

A must finish before B can start

both A and C must finish before D can start


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Concurrent Activities

2 3

Lay foundation

Order material

(a) Incorrect precedencerelationship (b) Correct precedencerelationship

3

42

DummyLay

foundation

Order material

1

2 0


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EXERCISE


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A Sample Set of Project Activities andPrecedences

Task Predecessor

a --

b --c a

d b

e b

f c, d

g e


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Sample AON Network

STEP 1


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Sample AON Network..

STEP 2


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A Completed Sample AON

NetworkLAST STEP


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Sample AOA Network

STEP 1


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Sample AOA Network

STEP 2


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Completed Sample AOA Network


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Computer Softwarefor Project Management

Microsoft Project (Microsoft Corp.)

MacProject (Claris Corp.)

PowerProject (ASTA Development Inc.) Primavera Project Planner (Primavera)

Project Scheduler (Scitor Corp.)

Project Workbench (ABT Corp.)


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Once Santa & Banta were travelling along with their friends Monty & Jaggi. On a roadsurrounded by forests on both sides, their car was attacked by robbers. Santa & his friendswere pulled out of the car. The robbers blasted the car and took Santa, Banta and their friendsin the middle of the forest where their boss was residing.

Now, this boss was fond of jokes. So, he put the condition that whoever tells a joke that makesevery single person laugh should be left unharmed and alive, but if one single person doesn'tlaugh then the joke-teller would be shot to death.

Banta started telling the funniest joke he had ever heard, "One day........." and when he wasfinished, everybody were falling with laughter except Santa. So according to the vow, the

boss shot poor Banta.

Now, it was the turn of Monty. He also told the best joke he had ever heard. Again everybodylaughed including the boss & his robbers, but still Santa was quite as a statue. So the boss shothim.

Then came Jaggi. As he opened his mouth to tell the joke, Santa suddenly burst into laughter.

Everyone was puzzled. Santa was laughing madly.

The boss asked him, "Why the hell are you laughing without hearing the joke?"

Santa said laughing and giggling, "Oh! How funny Banta's joke was!


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WBS represents systematic and logical breakdown of Project

WBS is a task oriented family tree

Lowest level of WBS is Work Package. At this level work isassigned ; time duration & cost is estimated

WORK BREAK DOWN SCHEDULE

WBS reflects true Project Completion Status


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MPCS

Level 1

The top-most level of WBS is single task which is the project

Level 2

This depends on the type of the project

Number of WBS Levels

Too many levels make the control and execution of project difficult

Too few levels will not allow proper assignments and control.

Decompose the task upto Work Package level

WBS: STRUCTURE


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WBS ILLUSTRATION

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

CIVIL WORKS

AREATOR FLASH MIXER CLARIFLOCULATOR

MECHANICAL WORKS E&I WORKS

FILTER HOUSE

DESIGN & DRG

SUMP & PH

Earthwork Concreting Finishing

Reinforcement Shuttering concreting


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PERT

A B C D3/5/9 4/5/12 7/9/15

Task 1 Task 2 Task 3

Pessimistic time :9 +12+15 = 36 daysOptimistic time :3+4+7 =14 daysMost likely time : (3+4*5 +9)/6+(4+4*5+12)/6 + (7+4*9+15)/6 = 21 days

A B C D5 5 9Task 1 Task 2 Task 3

CPM

Time Required : 5 +5+9 = 19 days


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Draw Network Diagram for belowmentioned activities

Task Predecessor

a --

b --c a

d b

e b

f c, d

g e


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Vajpayee, Musharraf, Madhuri Dixit and Jayalalitha are travelling in atrain.The train suddenly goes thru a tunnel and it gets completely dark.

Suddenly there is a kissing sound and then a slap.The train comes out of the tunnel. Jayalalitha and Vajpayee are sittingthere looking confused. Musharraf is bent over holding his face, which isred from an apparent slap.All of them remain diplomatic and nobody says anything.

Jayalalitha is thinking: -These Pakistanis are all crazy after Madhuri.Musharraf must have tried to kiss her in the tunnel. Very proper that sheslapped him.

Madhuri is thinking: -Musharaf must have moved to kiss me, and kissedJayalalitha instead and got slapped.

Musharraf is thinking: -Damn it, Vajpayee must have tried to kissMadhuri, she thought it was me and slapped me.

Vajpayee is thinking: -If this train goes through another tunnel, I could

make another kissing sound and slap Musharraf again ...


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Laloo Yadav's car is driving along a back country road on the way backto Patna, when all of a sudden a piglet jumps out in front of the car.The piglet dies on the spot. Laloo, upset, tells the chauffeur to go

find the owner of the piglet so that he can pay the damages. Thedriver is gone for two hours and when he comes back, he has a bag fullof money, and a wondering look on his face. Laloo wants to know whathappened.

The driver tells him "Hum jab gaanv me pahuncha to dekha kuchh logped ke niche baithe hain. Jub hum unko bataya ki kya hua hai, tab sare logjama ho gaye. Humko laga ki aaj to hamari pitayee hogee. Par hum dekhaki sare log paisa jama kar rahe hain. Hum socha ki ye sara piasa wojanvar ke malik ke liye hai. Par un logo ne saara paisa hamein dediya.

Laloo says "Sasoor ka natee, Theek theek batao. Tum unko kya bola tha?"The driver replies "Hum kaha ki hum Laloo Yadav ka driver hoon aurhum sooar ka bachcha ko maar diya ho


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The Polaris missilewas a two-stage

solid-fuel nuclear-armed submarinelaunched ballistic

missile (SLBM)built for the USNavy.

This missile wastested on 7th Jan1960
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Polaris-a3.jpg


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A submarine is aShip capable of

independentoperation belowthe surface of the

water
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_Submarine_Oyashio_SS590.JPEG

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