construction work (khmer)full

8/9/2019 Construction Work (Khmer)Full

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Construction Design & Execution Department File: Construction Work

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matikaCMBUk 1³esckþIepþIménkarsagsg;

1>GñkcUlrYmkñ úgkarsagsg; 1>1 m©as;sMNg; 1>2 viC¢aCIv³KUrbøg; 1>3 viC¢aCIv³sagsg; 1>4 Gñkemkar

2> viFIsa®sþkñ úgkareFVIkugRta¬kic©snüa¦ 2>1 viFIsa®sþkñúgkareFV IkugRta ¬kic©snüa¦2>2 viFIsa®sþkñúgkareFVIkic©snüaTUeTA2>3 viFIsa®sþkñ úgkareFV Ikic©snüabMEbk2>4 viFIsa®sþkñ úgkareFV Ikic©snüatamEbbtMkl;R)ak;kk;Camun2>5 viFIsa®sþRKb;RKgGñksagsg;

CMBUk 2³sMNg;beNþaHGasnñ 1> GaKarbeNþaHGasnñ

1>1 rbgbeNþaHGasnñ 1>2 kariyal½ykñ úgkardæan1>3 karrkSaTuksuIm:g;

1>4 karpÁt;pÁg;zamBlGKÁ isnI 2> TisedAkargarbeNþaHGasnñ

2>1 kEnøgedA(Bench Mark)2>2 karsagsg;ka)arI

3> GMBIrnÞa 3>1 rnÞaEdk3>2 karGnuvtn_tMelIgrnÞa


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CMBUk 3³karsikSaGMBIdI 1>TMrg;énkarxYgdI

1>2 RbePTénkarxYgdI

1>3 rUbFatuéndI 1>4 TMrg;xYgdI1>5> viFIsa®sénkarxYgdI

2> karxYgdIRsTab;xageRkam2>1 RbePTénkarxYgdI

3> viFIsa®sþénkarTTYlykdIsMrab;sagsg;3>1RbePTnig rcnasm< ½n§énkarrkSaTukdI

4> m:asu InkaydI 4>1 Rtak;T½rcUkdI 4>2Backacters

4>3 Rtak;T½rkaydI (Draglines)4>4 b‘ uldUehSór(Bulldozer)4>5 Rtak;T½rBRgabdI (scrapers)4>6 Rtak;T½rekordI(Graders)

5> karRtYtBi initüTwkeRkamdI5>1 karbg¥ ÚrTwkCaRbcaM 5>2 karbg¥ÚrTwkbeNþaHGasnñ 5>3 karbUmTwkedayeRbIb:um5>4 kar)aj;TwkbeBa©j5>5Well pointk

6> viFIsa®sþkñúgkareFV IeGaydIkardæansagsg;RbesIreLIg

6>1 viFIsa®sþkñ úgkarpøas;bþÚrdI


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6>2 viFIsa®sþkñúgkaredaHTwkecj6>3 viFIsa®sþkñ úgkarBRgwgkardæan

6>4 karcak;bBa©ÚlTwksuIm:g;6>5 kMedA6>6Geosynthetics

7> karsagsg;RKwH7>1 RbePTénRKwH7>2 RbePTénRKwHbuk

CMBUk 4³ebtug 1> sésBRgwg

1>1 karBRgwgedaysésEdk1>2 sMNaj;Edk1>3 viFIsa®sþkñúgkarrkSaTuk nigsnSMsMécsésEdk1>4 rebobplitsésEdk1>5 kareRbIR)as;sésEdk1>7 TItaMg nigkMras;énRsTab;ebtug1>8 kartMelIgsésEdk1>9 karGnuvtþtMelIgsésEdk

2> kargarBum< 2>1 eKalbMNgénkargarBum< 2>2 ktþaEdlRbugRbytñ½ nigcaM)ac;cMeBaHkargarBum< 2>3 bMrugRby½tñkñ úgkartMelIgBum< 2>4 sMPar³EdlcaM)ac;kñúgkargarBum<2>5 RTg;RTag nigsMBaFxagénBum< 2>6 bnÞ úk nigsMBaFxagénBum<


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2>7 viFIsa®sþkñúgkartMelIgBum<2>8 ry³eBlénkarTl;Bum<

3> kargarebtug3>1 suIm:g;Fm μCati 3>2 karviPaKsuIm:g; 3>3 RbePT nigKuNPaBrbs;su Im:g;Biess

4> GaMBIxSac;/ f μ RKYs nig Twk4>1 GaRKIeKðt ¬xSac; f μ nigRKYs¦4>2 GMBITwk

5> karbEnßmAdmixture5>1 Pñak;garskm μBIeRkA5>2 kareFVIeGayadmixtureRbesIeLIgtamEbbFm μCati

6> karlayebtug

6>1 bTdæankñúgkarlay6>2 bec©keTskñúgkarlay6>3 lMdab;énkarlay

CMBUk 5rcnasmkarsagsg;rcnasm1 EpnkartMelIgeRKagEdk1>2 sMPar³1>3 rebobtMelIeRKagEdkenAeragcRk

2> rebobeFV ICeNþ Ir2>1Shop drawing and full size drawing

3> kartP¢ab;

3>1 kartP¢ab;edayRevet


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3>2 kartP¢ab;edaymin3>3 kartP¢ab;edayeRbIRtecok Edk

3>4 kartP¢ab;edaymintg;süúgx5 kartP¢ab;edaybnSa4> kargarenAelIkardæan

4>1 kartMelIgeRKagEdk4>2 viFIbgáb; b¤bBa©úHrnuk yufáa4>3 karcak;l,ayenAEpñkxagelIénRKwH

5> RbePTEdkesþIg ¬Rsal¦5>1 rcnasm2 lkçN³rbs;Edkesþ Ig

6> rcnasm1 karplitEdkTIbesþ Ig

7> viFIsa®sþTb;Tl;nig cMehHénrcnasm< ½n§Edk7>1 viFIlabeday)aj; 7>2 viFIlabedaycak;bgð Úr7>3 viFIebok7>4 viFIvayP¢ab;edaybnÞH)aøsÞ ic

CMBUk 6kargarCagkMe)ar 1> kargarCagkMe)ar

1>1 RbePTén\dæ1>2 TMhMén\dæ1>3 l,ay

1>4 cMNat;fñak;én\dæsMrab;erobCBa¢aMg


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1>5 kargarerob\dæ 1>6 viFIsa®sþkñ úgkargarerob\dæRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;énGaKar

1>7 lMdab;TUeTAénkargarCagsMNg;2> karsagsg;\dæsuIm:g; 2>1 cMNat;fñak;én\dæsu Im:g; 2>2 sMPar³2>3 lMdab;TUeTAénkarerob\dæsu Im:g; 2>4 cMNat;fñak;énkarsagsg;\dæsuIm:g;

3> karerob\dækar: U3>1 KuNPaBrYmpSMBiesssMrab;KuNPaBkar:U 3>2 RbePTénkar: U3>3 bMrugRby½tñenAkñ úgkargarkar:U 3>4 viFIsa®sþkñúgkarerob\dækar: U

3>5 viFITb;Tl; nigkargarsMGat3>6 karRtYtBinitübBa©b;

CMBUk 7³sMNg;GMBIeQI 1> sMPar³

1>1 lkçN³éneQI1>2 rdUvkaléneQI

2> bMENgEckéneQI 2>1 karEbgEcktMbn;eRbIR)as; 2>2 karEbgEcktamTMhMnig sþg;dar

3> sMPar³epSgEdleRbIR)as;CamYyeQI

3>1 kareRbIR)as;bBa©ÚlKña


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3>2 EdksMrab;BRgwg4> karRbtibtþ i

4>1 rebobGnuvtþtamlMdab; 4>2 GMBIkargarbBa©b;4>3 kargarBum<

5> kargartMelIg5>1 TVarnig bg¥ Üc5>2 ssr5>3 CnÞ úl5>4 eCIgcK5>5 Fñwm5>6 kþarCBa¢aMg5>7 emBRgwg

CMBUk 8³karTb;Tl;nig CMrabTwk 1> viFIsa®sþnig cMNat;fñakénCMrabTwk

1>1 karTb;Tl;nig CMrabTwkedayTwkxøÜnÉg1>2 Pñas;karBarmineGayRCabTwk1>3 karkarBarCMrabTwk cMeBaHvtß úravedayPñas;

2> viFIsa®sþ nigcMNat;fñak;énkarTb;Tl;nigCMrabTwk2>1 karTb;Tl;nig CMrabTwkCBa¢aMgEpñkxageRkA2>2 karTb;Tl; nigCMrabTwkEpñktMbUl2>3 karTb;Tl;nig CMrabTwktambnÞb;

3> cMNat;fñak;énkareRbIR)as;sMPar³

3>1 karkarBarCMrabTwkedayeRbIGasñal;


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3>2 karTb;Tl;nigCMrabTwkedayeRbITwksuIm:g; 3>3 rebobdak;sMPar³ karBarCMrabTwk

3>4 kareRbobeFob Twksu Im:g; nig Gasñal;kñ úgkarkarBarCMrabTwkCMBUk 9³kargarbBa©b;

1> kargarbUk1>1 sMPar³EdllayCamYyTwk1>2 sMPar³EdlminlayCamYyTwk1>3 lkçN³ nigkarEbgEcksMPar³sMrab;bUk1>4 karlay1>5 karGnuvtþn_1>6 karsMGatedayRcas1>7 karRtYtBinitüsñameRbH

2> kargarlab2>1 sMPar³2>2 épÞsMrab;lab


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CMBUk 1³ esckþIepþIménkarRbtibtþisags

1>GñkcUlrYmkñgkarsagsg;1>1PaKIm©as;sMNg;m©as;sMNg; GacnwgeFV IkarEsVgyl;edayxø ÜnÉgGMBIlMenAdæankñúgkarrIkcMerIneLIgénsmaCikRkumRKYsar

b¤Rkumh‘unk¾dUcKñapgEdr edIm,Ieqø ItbeTAnwg karGPivDÆn_ Epñkbec©keTsviTüakñúgenaHpgEdrk¾RtUveFV IkarEsVgyl;GMBITIRkug kñúgkarbegá Inehdæarcnasm


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GñkGPivDÆ KWCam©as;sMNg;ÉkCn EdlCajwkjab;Kat;eFV ICam©as; KMeragenAkñ úgeBlsagsg;Etmþg.GñkGPivDÆ RtYtBinitüeTAelIEpñkesdækic© EpñkTIpSar hirBaØvtßú TItaMgnig rUbPaBkñúgeKalbMNgedIm,IeFV IeGaymanR)ak;cMNUlpgEdrtamry³ karlk;rh½s b¤CYlry³eBlEvg.

1>2 viC¢aCIv³GñkKUrbøg;sßabtükr³sßabtükrmantYnaTITTYlxusRtUvkñ úgkarbkRsay nigGPivDÆbøg;eTAtamtMrUvkarrbs;m©as;sMN nigKUr

bgðajeTAGñkem: Akarsagsg;edIm,I GnuvtþeGay)ansuRkitkñ úgkar)a:n;RbmaNtMél k¾dUcCaeFV ItaragRbtiTinkargargayRsYlkñ úgkarGnuvtþtambøg;lMGitnimYy²eGay)anRtwmRtUvenH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvTaMgRsugrbs;sßabtükr. CabEnßm edIm,Ikaryl;dwgcMeBaHtMrUvkar rbs;m©as;sMNg; sßabtükrRtUvmanCMnajc,as;las; ehIyRKb;RKan;edIm,IeRCIserIs[)anCak;lak;kñ úgkarKUrbøg; RtwmRtUvtamsmamaRtEbbKNitsa®sþ nigRbkbedayesaP½NÑPaBEdlKYrCaTIKab;citþ.

visVkr³visVkrCaGñkelIkKMeragEpñkrcnasm3 viC¢aCIv³sagsg;Gñkem: Akarsagsg;CaBaküEdleKeRbITUeTAcMeBaHGñkEdlmanGaCIBTTYlxusRtUv sMrab;RKb;skm μPaB

TaMgGs;énkarsagsg;Kat; b¤GñkeFV IkardUcCaGñkem: AkarTUeTA b¤dUcCaGñkcat;Ecgkñ úgkarsagsg;.Gñk :an;RbmaNtMélGñk)a:n;RbmaNtMélKWCasñ Úlrbs;Rkumh‘un karxatb¤cMeNjrbs;Rkumh‘ un)anedaysarkar xitxRbwg

ERbgrbs;Gñk)a:n;RbmaNenHÉg. Gñk)a:n;RbmaNtMéleFVIkarCamYybøg;Edl)anerobcMKUrehIyCaeRscedasßabtükr ehIyRtUveFV Ikar)a:n;RbmaNtMéleGay)ansBVRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;énGaKar.

GñkeFVtaragRbtiTinkargarGñkeFV ItaragRbtiTinkargar RtUveFVIkarTMnak;TMngy:agditdl;rvagGñkeFV IkarenAkñ úgkariyal½y nigGñkeFV I

karenAelIkardæan. enAmuneBlkarsagsg;cab;epþ Im eKTaMgenaHeRcIneFVIkarenAkñ úgkariyal½yénRkumh‘ un EtenAeBlEdlsMNg;cab;epþImdMeNIrkar eKRtUvpøas;eTAeFVIkarenAkardæanvij.

PJak;garTij b¤CavKWCamnusSEdlmantYnaTICaGñkccar edIm,ITTYl)annUvtMéld¾l¥ ehIynigeFV IeGayR)akdfa kñ úgkMLúg

eBlsagsg;RKb;sMPar³EdlCatMrUvkarTaMgGs; RtUvpþl;eGayTan;eBlevlatamkic©snüaEdl)ankMNt;. CaFm μtaPJak;garTij-dUreRcInCYbCamYyGñkem: Akarbnþ edIm,IBinitüeLIgvijnUvlkçxNÐ ½ nigRBMEdnénkargar.


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1>4 Gñkemkaremkar KWCamnusSEdlcg¥ úlR)ab; b¤bgðajGMBIPaBEdlGaceFV I)an b¤min)annigdwknaMkargarfaetI GaKar

EdlRtUvsagsg;enaHRtwmRtUvtambøg;Edrb¤eT?2> viFIsa®sþeFVkic©snüakñgkarsagsg; ³kñ úgKMeragsagsg; PaKeRcIncUlrYmeday PaKICam©as;sMNg;GñkelIkKMeragnig Gñkem: Akarsagsg;.

m©as;sMNg;CaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan; CaBiesskñúgkarsMerccitþ faeBlNaKMeragenHRtUvsagsg;.karsMerccitþenHeRcIneFV IbnÞab;BIkareFV IkarsikSa epSg²Kñamþgmñak;²rYcmk. CYnkalkarsMercenHeFVIeLIgedaymanKMeragsagsg;CabnÞan; ehIyvaCakarcaM)ac;Nas;EdlTTYlykesvaEpñkKUrbøg;. Gñkkan;bøg;RtUveFV Ikary:agCitsñ itCamYym©as;sMNg; Edlcab;epþ ImdMeNIrkarN_ nigbMerICUndUcCaÉksarmKÁ úeTÞs sMrab;Gñkem: AkarEdlCaGñkRtUKMeragenH.

GaRs½yelITMhM niglkçN³Fm μCatiénKMerag reboberobcMeGaymaneFVIkic©snüarvagPaKITaMgBIrGacmankarpøas;bþ Úr krNIxøHeTotPaKImçageTotGacedIrtY BIrb¤rhUtdl;RKb;naTITaMgGs;k¾Gacman. kñ úgkrNIxusKñaenHRtUvykcitþTukdak;nwgyl;eGay)anc,as; kñúgkarvaytMéledIm,IkMNt; TMnak;TMngénkic©snüa EdlKYrdMerkareTAmux b¤p¥akkic©snüa edIm,IRbsiT§PaBkñ úgkarEckcayKMerag. karsMercy:agNaenaHCabzmRtUvyBI m©as;sMNg;rYmbBa© ÚlCamYy nigtMbUn μanEdlpþl;eGayedayGñkBIeRKaHeyabl;CaRbcaMpgEd

enHCaTMrg;eFV Ikic©snüa 5RbePTEdleKGnuvtþenAkñúg]sSahkm μsMNg; 2>1 viFIsa®sþeFVkic©snüaTUeTAkic©snüaTUeTAekItmaneLIgrvagm©as;sMNg; nigGñkem: AkarTUeTA. CaFm μtam©as;sMNg; tMNageGay

KMeragEdlTTYlxusRtUvsMrab;kareRBogeLIgnUvÉksarkic©snüa. elIKMeragRbePT GaKarCaFm μtaGñktMNageRcInCavisVkr Edl)anelIkKMeragenaHeLIg. cMeBaHKMeragvisVkm μCaFm μta GñktMNageRcInCavisVkrénKMeragkarenaH. elIKMeragkargarsaFarN³ tYnaTIénPaKInimYy²)anbBa¢ak;rYceRscehIy. RbkarepSgEdlGtmaneLIgxusBITMrg;Capø Úvkar EdlminmanEcgenAkñúgkic©snüaTUeTAminGacEkERb)aneLIy. KMeragRtUvpSBVpSay saFarN³ EdlENnaMRKb;PaKITaMgGs; CaBiessGMBIeBlevlakñúgkaredjéfø.

edayeyaleTAtameBlevla karRbfab;RtaenAelIÉksaredjéfø RtUvkMNt;eTAtamkEnøgCa mYy. karebIÉksaredjéfø nigkarGanRtUvGnuvtþcMeBaHmuxGñkcUlrYmedjéføRKb;PaKI edIm,IeGayBYkeKdwgB¤ RKb;PaKIenAeBlEdlÉksarRtUvebIkeLIg.


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kic©snüaRtUvpþl;eTAeGayPaKNaEdlmantMélTabCageK CaFm μtaGñkEdledjéføTabCageKelx b¤elx3. ÉksaredjéføTaMgGs;RtUvrkSarTuk rhUtdl;kic©snüaRtUv)ancuHhtßexaCaFrman. TMrg;karenH RvRtYtBinitüeGay)anm:t;ct;CaTIbMputedIm,IecosvagkarXubXit b¤lYcbnøM.

eKalbMNgénkarENnaMenHKWRtUv begá ItkarCMrujnigelIkTwkcitþdl;RKb;PaKIeGayRbkYtRbECges μ IPaBKñakñúgkaredjéføenH.

TMrg;EbbxagelIenAkñ úgEpñkÉkCnmanlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhlKñakñúgkareRbIR)as;b: uEnþ lkçN³vinicä ½yGacminGnuvtþtwgEtgeBkeT. ]TahrN_enAeBlebIkÉksaredjéfø GacnwgkMritm©as;sMNg;GaceRCIsesedayRbiteRbogcMeBaHGñkem: AkarepSgeTot CaGñkEdledjéføTabCageK b¤k¾m©as;sMNg;GacBüayamccBItMéleGayTabCageK b¤k¾m©as;sMNg;GacBüayamccrGMBItMéleGayTabCageK b¤k¾m©as;sMNg;GacBüayamccarGMBItMéleGayTabCagtMélEdl)andak;kñ úgkaredjéfø. karGnuvtþrebobenHvamin)anRKb;RKgedayc,abeLIy. dUcenHbgðajeGayeXIjfa rebobenHerobcMeGaymankic©snüa rvagRkumh‘ unsarFarN³nigÉkCnmanlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhlKña. CaFm μtaGñkem: AkarTUeTA manÉkeTskm μEtmYyenAkñ úgcMeNamkargarsMxan;² enAkñ úgKMeragdUcCakargarebtug b¤kargarEdk>>>.l.

dUcenHehIy Cajwkjab;Gñkem: AkarTUeTAminmanCMnajkar R)akdsMrab;KMerageLIy enAeBlCYbehtukarN_rebobenH Gñkem:AkarTUeTAeRcInEckrMElk kargarTaMgenaHeTAeGayGñkem:Akarb EdleKGacbMekargarTaMgenaH)an.

Gñkem: AkarbnþTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH³ ]bkrN_EdlcaM)ac; Blkr nigkardwknaMkargar. elIKMeragsagsGaKarGñkem: Akarbnþ CaTUeTATTYlkargardUcCaEpñk GKÁ isnI emkanic dMbUl CagkMe)ar kar: U RkalRBM biTRkdasCBa¢aMg Gu IsULg; BIdanBüÜr kargareragCag kargarkBa©k; kargarEdk nigkargarRkalekAs‘ U kMralCan;. TaMgenHvaCakargarrYmKña cMeBaHGaKarsmBaØmYy EdlvaGacman 20 eTA 30 Gñkem: Akarbnþ b¤GacticCag. edaymanPaBpÞ úyKña cMeBaHKMeragsagsg; sMNg;]sSahkm μmYyEdlminmanlkçN³s μ úKs μajEdlCaTUeTAtMrUveGayman3-4 Gñkem: AkarbnþEdrCaFm μtaGñkem:AkarTUeTAeFVIkarenAkñúgkariyal½y ]TahrN_elIkargarsagsg;s


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rYcCaeRsc ehIym©as;sMNg;rg;caMEtkarbEnßmtMéleTAelIkarsagsg; tamry³karxitxMRbwgERbgsMrbsMrYlBI Gñkem: AkarTUeTAEtb: ueNÑaH.

tamEbbEpnKMeragsagsg; RbEhlCa 75° Cakargarrbs;Gñkem: Akarbnþ rIÉkarTTYlxuvrbs;Gñkem: AkarTUeTAeRcIneTAelIbøg; karerobcM kardwknaM nigkarsMrbsMrYlkargar.

RbsinebI 25°énkargarsagsg;GnuvtþedayGñkem:AkarTUeTA vaCakarbtmaneLIgBIeRBaHplcMeNjrbs;Gñkem: AkarTUeTA vaman\Ti§BleTAelIkarcMNaykñúgkarRtYtBinitüelIkargarenH.

RbsinebIKMeragCYb]bsKÁ Gñkem: AkarTUeTARtUvkat;bnßy b¤edayRsaybBðaku MeGayekItmaneLIg kñ úgkrNI ehtuEdlbgáeLIgenaHekItmaneLIgGñkem: AkarTUeTA RtUveFV Iy:ageNaeGayvaenAticbMputkñ úgkarcMnay.dUcCakrNIxøHGñkem: AkarTUeTARtUvxitxMRbwgERbgrwHrk meFüa)ayedayxøÜnÉg. vaCakarlM)akmYydUcEdl)aneFVIkic©snüarYceRscehIy CamYyPaKIem: AkarTUeTA minEmnCamYyPaKIm©as;sMNg;eLIy ehIyvak¾minEmnCamYGñkem: AkarbnþNamñ μak;eTotEdr.

dUcCam©as;sMNg;xøH )andak;kMNt;kic©snüaelIcMeNamlT§plkargar EdlGñkem:AkarbnþcuHlkçxNÐ½ BitR)akdénkargardUcCa 15-20° RtUvEtGnuvtþedayGñkem:AkarTUeTAehIyRtUveRbIBlkrxøÜnÉg. kñúgkarpþl;nUvrUbPaBEbbenH Gñkem:AkarnigGnuvtþCamYyRkumh‘ unrbs;xøÜnminticCag 25° énkargareLIyedayELkcMeBaHKMeragkargarsaFarN³xøH krNIenHRtUvkMNt;edayc,ab;. etIenAeBlNaEdleKRtUveRbIkic©snüaTUeTA?Cakars μanTUeTA Gñkem: AkarTUeTAeRcInmanEtCMnajmYyeBlenaHKYrEtbBa©úHtMélsagsg;dl;m©as;sMN.CMnajTaMgenaHrYmbBa© ÚlpgEdrnUvEpñkrdæ)al énRbtibtþkarsagsg; karpþl; b¤pÁt;pÁg;sMPar³karRKb;RKgkm μkrd¾manRbsiTi§PaB Epnkarm:t;ct; nigsMrbsMrYlrebobsagsg;y:agmansmtßPaB.

ktþaeCaKC½y nigpþl;y:agKab;citþenaH mann½yfaGñkem: Akar)anrkSarTukCab;nUvbuKÁlikNa Edl)anbNþúHbNþalCaGñkem: Akar emkanic nigkm μkrCMnajpgEdr ehIyman]bkrN_RKb;RKan;edIm,IGnuvtþeTAtamCMnajnimYy² EdltMrUveGayman.

RbsinebIm©as;sMNg; tMrUveGaymanCMnajEpñkRKb;RKgsMNg;viFIenH enAeBleFV Ikic©snüa RbEhlRtUBinitü minEmntamEtkarcUlcitþ rbs;m©as;sMNg;enaHeT. viFIenHRKan;EtCaKMnitEtb:ueNÑaH cMeBaHm©mh‘unéntMélsrubcugeRkay munnigcab;dMeNIrkarsagsg;.

2>2 viFIeFVkic©snüabMEbkviFIeFV Ikic©snüabMEbkenH KWCakarcat;Ecg edaym©as;sMNg;EdlGnum½tedaykic©snüa eTAGñkem: AgkarpÞal;E

manviC¢aÉkeTssMrab;kargarepSg². enHKWCasarvnþén viFIsa®sþkic©snüaTUeTAedayK μanGñkem: AkarTUeTAcUlrYmmann½yfa m©as;sMNg;RtUvEtTTYlra:g;rg kñ úgkarRKb;RKgKMeragrIÉkarcat;EcgkarTUeTACatMNak;² RtUvGnuvtþ


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edayGñkem: Akar. kareRbIviFIsa®sþenH m©as;sMNg;RtUvmansmtßPaBeFV IkarenAkñ úgkariyal½yedIm,IRKb;RKgKMerag. m©as;sMNg;manplRbeyaCn_l¥y:agxøaMg edayKat;)anRtYtBinitüGñkem: AkarTUeTAedayxø ÜnKat;pÞa.karpøas;bþÚrenAkñ úgviFIsa®sþenH GacCalMhat;mYy enAeBlEdlm©as;sMNg; mintMrUveGaymansmtßPaBcEcgkarenAkñ úgkariyal½y krNIenHm©as;sMNg;GacGnuBaØati[bMEbkkic©snüa edIm,IGnuvtþeKalkarN_énkarRKb;RKg.

tYnaTIénkarRKb;RKgenH Rkumh‘ unRtUvmanKMeragc,as;las;ehIyRkumh‘ unRtUvkMNt;RBMEdnkargarrbs Gñkem: AkarepSg² eTot. CakarBit PaBs μ úKs μajGacekItmaneLIgBIkarcat;Ecg nigRKb;RKgenH. CaTeTAGMNacénkarRKb;RKgrbs;Rkumh‘ un vamanTMhMFMmhimadUcCaGñkem: AkarTUeTAEdr BieRBaHRkumh‘ unk¾CaPaKImYyEdlcUlrYmenAkñ úgkic©snüaenHEdr dUcCalT§plkargarEdlm©as;sMNg;KYrEtdwgnig TTYlykkarRtYtBinitüxagkarcat;EcgBIkareFV Ikic©snüaTUeTAenH.

etIenAeBlNaEdleKRtUveFV Ikic©snüabMEbkenH? viFIenHeKGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHGñkcat;Ecgkarsagsg; d¾mansmtßPaB b¤k¾CavisVkrsMNg; edIm,Icat;EcgkargarenHtamkic©snüaepSg²Kña. ebIbuKÁlenaHRtUv)anCYledaym©as;sMng; viFIenHvacUlenAkñ úgKMeragBiess EdltMrUveGaymankarkat;bnßy kargarRbePTxøHBsg;vaCaRbkar EdlmantictYcCaTIbMput enAeBlEdlmankargarCaeRcInRbePTcUlrYmkñúgkargarsagsg;. enAeBlEdlGnuvþviFIenH RtUvcgcaMCa m©as;sMNg;mankarRbfuyRbfan y:agxøaMgenAkñ úgmhnþray ebIeRboeFobCamYyviFIem: AkarTUeTa. viFIsa®sþenH)anbM)at;ecalnUvR)ak;cMeNj rbs;Gñkem:AkarTUeTABItMélsagsg; ehIyvaRtUvEtcgcaMpgEdrfa R)ak;cMeNjrbs;Gñkem:AkarTUeTAtictYcNas; ¬ticCag3°¦ dUcenHehIyviFIenHeKBu sUveRbIR)as;eLIy.

2>3 viFIsa®sþeFVkic©snüaedaytMkl;R ak;kk;Camun hirBaØvtßúKW CaemkanickñúgeBlEdlkic©snüa minTan;)ancuHCamYylaylkç ½GkSrenAeLIy. m©as;sMNg;EdlmanBlkrpÞal; b¤nieyaCikEtmYyKt; EdlxitxMRbwgERbgsMrab;karsagsg;enH.

PaKIm©as;RtUvEtpþl;nUvsMPar³EdlcaM)ac; BlkreRKOgynþnig GñkRtYtRtakargar. KMeragCaeRcInEdleRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþenH m©as;sMNg;mantYnaTICaGñkcat;EcgTUeTA ehIyeKBwgEp¥keTAelIGñkKUrbøg;tictYcCaTI bMput ehIyCaTUeTAeKeRcInEteFVIkarenAkñ úgkariyal½yEtb: ueNÑaH. GñkxøHeKeRbIevcn³enH CamYytMélEdlbUkbBa© ÚleBlevla nigsMPar³EdleRbIR)as;EfmeToteTAkñ úgenaH enAeBlEdlkic©snüaminTan;cUlCaFrman eday vaCaplcMeNjrbs;PaKIm©as;enAkñ úgkarcMNayepSg² fVIebITMrg;cuHkic©snüaFm μtak¾eday eBlevlak

RtUvsnSMsMécpgEdr. viFIsa®sþenH)anbM)at;ecal nUvR)ak;cMeNjEdlGñkem: AkarTUeTAnig Gñkem:Akarbnþcg;)an


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CaxøaMg. kñ úgkarbnßytMélk¾RtUvBinitüplEdr eTAelIEpñkvisVkm μ nigkareFV IGFikarkic© Gacniyay)anpgEdrfaCa]bkrN_GacminsmRsbeTAtamEpnkarEdl)ankMNt;dUcenHeyIgKYrBinitüeGay)anl¥itl¥n;pgEdr.

etIenAeBlNaEdleyIgRtUveRbIviFIsa®sþenH? eKeRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþenHenAeBlEdlKMerahMtUcehIymanRBMEdnsMNg;manlkçN³samBaØ nigdak;eGaytMeNIrkartamlkçN³Fm μCati. vaCakarBitNas;m©as; sMNg;Cabzm RtUvmankMlaMgBlkmnig Gñkbec©keTsehIytamry³hirBaØvtß úenHEdrrYmKña EfrrkSaKMera

]bkrN_enAkñ úgkarEfrTaM TIRkugFM² pø Úvfñl;CaFm μta eKeFVItamvIFItMkl;R)ak;kk;CamunenHÉg EteEdlsagsg;pø Úvf μ I RtUvGnuvtþtamviFIeFV Ikic©snüaTUeTA. karEfrkSarpø ÚvEdk k¾RtUvGnuvtþtamviFItMkl;R)ak;kCamunEdr EtenAeBlEdltMelIgpø ÚvEdkf μ I RtUvcuHkic©snüa. karEfrrkSabrievNeRkamdIk¾eFI VtamviFItMkl;R)ak;kCamunEdr. enAeBlf μ I² viFIsa®sþenHTTYl)ankarriHKn;CaeRcIn BIsMNak;GñkeFV Ikic©snüavaCalT§plén akarCaeRcInCamYykartMkl;R)ak;kk;CamunenH. enHCakarritbNþ wgcMeBaHm©as;sMNg;saFarN³ kñ úgkardak;ÉksaredjéføRbkYtRbECgCaBiesscMeBaHGñkedjéføTab².

enAkñ úgkarrNIxøHeTotm©as;KMerag minGnuBaØatieGayGñkem:AkarÉkCndak;edjéføeLIy eRBaHCYnBYkeK)andak;tMélmYy Edlminsmrmü ehIymanKuNvibtþ ieTot.

TImYy³ BYkeKEtniyayfa PaKIm©as;sMNg;minmanPar³kic©enAelItMélénGclnRTBüsm,ti þenaHeLIyehIyeRbIR)as;m:asu InFn;F¶n;EfmeTot. dUcKñaenHEdr enAeBlEdleFVIkarCYsCul b¤EfrkSaRkugFM² eRKOgm:asI unRtUv)anFanar:ab;rgedayPñak;garsaFarN³ bnÞab;mkRtUv)anbBa©úHtMélenAkñúgkaredjéføsMNg;f μ IEfmeTot.

TIBIr³ Gñkem: AkarRtUvkMkl;R)ak;mYycMnYny:agx4 viFisa®sþKUrbøg; nigsagsg;³ viFIsa®sþenHPaKIm©as;GnuBaØati eGayGñkem: AkarEtmñak;Kt;TTYlrab;rgkñ úgkarKUrbøg;pg nigsagsg;pg

sMrab;KMeragkarsagsg;enaH. dwgehIyfaviFIsa®sþenHeKeRbIR)as;cMeBaHRkumh‘ unsagsg;NaEdlmanbTBiesaFn_ kñ úgkarKUrbøg;CatMNak;² CalT§plenAcugbBa©b;énKMeragEdlGacbegáIt)anenAkñ úgBaØNKYrEtmanktx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

etIenAeBlNaEdleKeRbIviFIsa®sþenH? eKeRbIviFIenHenAeBlEdlRkumh‘unTTYlPar³kñ úgkarKUrbøg;pgnig sagsg;pgvaminGaccab;dMeNIrkarsagsg;enAeBlEdlminTan;bBa©b;karKUreLIy. dUcenHRtUvcab;epþ ImKUr


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bøg;CamuneTIbcab;epþ ImdMeNIrkarsagsg;.kargarenHvamanlkçN³RtYtsu IKña k¾b: uEnþvaeyageTAelIkartamdany:agrh½s mann½yfa RtUvpþl;bøg;

KMeragmuneBlkMNt;.2>5 viFIsa®sþviC¢aCIv³RKb;RKgkarsagsg ; dUcCaeQ μaHEdl)anbBa¢ak; viC¢aCIv³RKb;RKgkarsagsg; KWCaviFImYyenAkñ úgviFIEdlm©as;sMNg;CYl

Rkumh‘ unsagsg;edIm,IbMeBjsavaviC¢aCIv³CaGñkRKb;RKgkarsagsg;(CM) CaTUeTARtUv)anCYledayPaKIm©as;sMNg;edayxøÜnÉgenAmuneBlEdlkarKUrbøg;nigkarsagsg;minTan;dMeNIrkar. kñ úgTMrg;RtwmRtUv CM Ca]bkrN_kñ úgkareRCIserIsrbs;Rkumh‘ un. kMLúgeBlEdlbøg;kMBugdMeNIrkarKUrCM RtUvRtYtBinitüCaRbcaMnUvtMélnig eBlevlaEdlRtUvbBa©b;GacbBa©úH b¤bnßy)an. kar[tMéleTAelIEpñkvisVkm μ vaRbEhlCatMélmYyy:ags½kþisiT§ i eRkamkal³eTs³GnuvtþkarKUrbøg;CatMNak;² enAmuneBlkarsnüaénrUbu Iyvtß úcMeBaHkarsagsgcUlCaFrman.

GñkRKb;RKgkarsagsg; RtUv)anpþl;R)ak;kMérCamUldæan rIÉkareRbIR)as;eRKOgm:asu InepSg² CaRbenaHRtUvRKb;RKgedayGñkelIkKMeragenaH. dUcenHCM eFVIkaredIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIm©as;sMNg;.GñkKUrbøg;RtUv )anpþl;R)ak;kMér pÞal;eTAelItMélEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarelIkKMeragsagsg;. eKCl CMenAkñ úgEpñk emIlkar xusRtUvkñúgkarsagsg;CMnYsPaKIm©as;EdlCanic©Cakal eKcg;)annUvPaBsmRsbmYyKWlkçN³esdækic© Edl PaKIm©as;sMNg;cg;)an. CakarelIkTwkcitþdl;m©as;sMNg;CaFm μta CMRtUvkMNt; b¤pþl;tMélcMeBaHKMeragmin x


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enH.3> karedjéfønigkic©snüakarRbkYtRbECgkñ úgkaredjéfø KWCaviFIsa®sþmYyénkarkMNt;tMélTab sMrab;skm μPaBkargarEdl)a

kMNt;edayÉksarsagsg;. tMélnigrebobeFVIkic©snüa rbs;GñkedjéføedIm,IGnuvtþkargarsagsg;vaEp¥kelI kargarEdl)anbgðajenAkñ úgÉksaredjéføenHÉg.

karedjéføRtUverobcMenAkñ úgPaBCMenOCak; rvagGñkedjéfønimYy². CaFm μtaeKRtUveFVIkare)aHRtaenAÉksarenAeBlEdleKdak;eGayGtifiCn ¬b¤enAkñúgkrNIxøHrvagGñkem:AkarTUeTA nigGñkem: Akarbnþ¦. Éksaedjéfø RtUv)anebIeTAtameBlevla nigéf¶ ExEdl)anbBa¢ak;eRscBImunmkkñ úgn½yRbkYtRbECgnigkareRbobeFob elIkElgEtmanmUlehtuénkarbgÁab; bBa¢ar b¤bgçitbgç M ebImindUecñHeT GtifiCnEdlQñHenAk úgkaredjéføenaH KWCaGñkEdl)andak;tMélTabCageK. muneBledjéfø GtifiCn GacTTYl)annUvGV I²EdlCatMrUvkarrbs;Gñkedjéfø edIm,IkMNt; nigeFV itamstism,CBaØ³énKMerag. TUrelxRKb;RKan;EdlCaskþanuBl KYrEtpþl; eTAeGayGñkedjéfø edIm,IGnuBaØatieGayeKerobcMÉksar kñ úgkaredjéfø.

Baküfaedjéfø nigsMeNIrvaCaevcn³sB½ÞdUcenHsMeNIrGackMlat esckþ Ib¤kal³eTs³ sMrab;ykmkBinitünig BIPakSaCamYyGtifiCn sßabtükr b¤visVkr Gñkedjéfø nigkaredjéfø EdleKcUlcitþCageK edIm,ITb;sáat; nigkaryl;xusrbs;Gñkedjéfø.

enAeblEdlGtifiCn yl;RBmTTYlyknUvÉksarsagsg;ehIy eFVIkareRCIserIsviFIsa®sþkñ úgkaredjéføehIy sßabtükrGacCYykñúgkareRbIR)as; Gñkem: Akar nigerobcMTMrg;Éksarkñ úgkaredjéfø karFanar:ab;rgénÉksar kñ úgkarRbkYtRbECgedjéfø TMrg;sMNYr karsegátBIkaredjéfø nigkarerobcMepSg² EdlRtvkarcaM)a dUcCaeBlevla nigÉksaredjéføCaedIm. mü:agvijeTot sßabtükr GacCYypgEdr kñ úgkarerobcMkarkic©snüakñ úgkarsagsg;.

GñkedjéfømansiT§ isMerc b¤eFVIkarpøas;bþ Úrkaredjéførbs;eK edayEp¥kelImUldæanénl½kçx½NÐCak;EsþgdUcCamankarKitxus kñ úgkaredjéfø karpøas;bþ ÚrtMélplitpl GaRtaBlkr b¤BlkrminsmRsbBIeRBakargarxøHvahYssmtßPaB.

GñkedjéføRtUvTTYlxusRtUv nigTTYlykkrNIGacCayfaehtuxøH² kñ úgkMLúgeBlEdlÉksa RtUv)anebIkeLIg. enAmuneBledjéfø y:agehacNas;RtUvpþl;eTAeGayGñkedjéfødUcCa bøg;EdllMGitBIEpñkepSg² énGaKar edIm,IeGayBYkeKsikSaeGay)anc,as;ehIy edIm,IeGayBYkeKsuxcitþTTYlykbøg;Edl)anKUr

TaMgenaHehIyEdr. RbsinebIkarpþl;eGayeTAGñkedjéføRKb;lkçxNÐehIy eFV IkarBnül;ENnaMrYcehIy bnÞab; mkÉksaredjéføRtUvebIehIykaredjéfø RtUvvaytMél. cMeBaHGñkedjéføedjéføEdltMélTabCageK I


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karviPaK edIm,IeGayc,as;fa vaBitCaRtwmRtUv ehIyvaminCH\T§ iBlRtLb;mkvijnUvtMél Edl)ancuHkic©snüaehIy. karedjéføRtUveFVIkareRbobeFobCamYytMélEdlsßabtükr)an):an;RbmaNTukrYcCaeRscehIyenAedlerobcMÉksaredjéføenH.

GtifiCnGacTTYlykkaredjéfø nigeq RbtiTinkargarsagsg;CaFm μtaGtifiCnEtEtsYreTAsßabtükr kñ úgkar)a:n;RbmaNeBlevlaénkarsagsg;sMrKMeragen

bnÞab;mkGtifiCnGaccUlrYmkñ úgkar ):an;RbmaNkñ úgkarGPivDÆsrubeTAelIRbtiTinkargar. Gñkem: AkarKYrerobcM lMGittaragénkargarsagsg;sMrab;kareRbIR)as; kñúgkarcat;EcgnigRKb;RKgkargarénGñkem:Akarbnþ nigGñkem:AkarEdleRbIR)as;BlkrpÞal;xøÜn. Gñkem: AkarKYrEteFV IsMeNIrbBa¢ÚntaragRbtiTinkargar eTAeGaysßabtükrkñ úgry³eBl 30éf¶ enAeBlEdlcuHkic©snüaCaFrmanehIy. TMrg;RbtiTinkargar RtUvEp¥kpgEdreTAelImUldæanénkarGPivDÆrbs;Gñkem: Akar nUvBRgagtaragkargarenH. edIm,IsMrYldl;kargartaragRbtiTin KYrbegá ItenAkñ úgBar chart sMrab;kargarnimYy² b¤k¾bMEbkCakargartUc² BIkargarsMxan;² énKMeragenH. mü:agvjeTotRbtiTinkargarGacGPivDÆ)any:agl¥tamviFICPM (Critical Path Method) .viFI CPM enHtMrUveGayeRbIR)as;enAkñ úgKMeragkargarEdlFM² edIm,IRtYtBinitü enAelIRKb;cMnucdUcCary³eBlehIyva k¾GaRs½yeTAelIlkçxNÐ ½Cak;Esþgénkarsagsg;pgEdr.

Gñkem: AkarKYrRtYtBinitü nigeFV IeGayRbesIreLIgnUvRbtiTinkargarCaerogral;Ex nUveBlevlaEdl)ans μanTukehIyRtUveFV Ikarpøas;bþ ÚreBlevla EdlGaceFV I)an epÞ ógpÞat;b¤EktMrUv. eBlevlaEdl)ankMNt;rYcehIyminGacEkERbb¤ pøas;bþ Úr)aneLIy ehIytaragRbtiTinEdl)anbegá IteLIgehIy RtUvykcitþTukdak;rIÉkargarEdlGnuvtþedayem:agbEnßm RtUvrkSarTukedIm,IkuMeGayeFVIkarEktMrUv taragRbtiTin vaGacman\Ti§Bl enAelItMélxøH EdlGaRs½yeTAtamkarRBmRBagrbs;GtifiCn Edl)ancuHkñ úgrcnasm


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RtUveFI VkarCamYyGñkpÁt;pÁg;sMPar³ karviPaKelIsMPar³ Pñak;garEdlcUlrYmdak;bBa¢ ÚnkarKUrtamry³ku MBüÚT½r karcat;EcgTUeTAelIkargarsMNg;nig bBaðaepSg²eTot.


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CMBUk2 ³ karsagsg;sMNg;beNþaHGasnñ

niymn½y³ kargarbeNþaHGasnñ KWCaeRKOg sMrbsMrYlEdl)anbegá IteLIgCabeNþaHGasnñ kMLúgeBlsagsg; ; kñ úgeKalbMNg edIm,IeFVIeGaysMercnUvkarsagsg;. bnÞab;BIsg;sMercehIy sMNg;beNþaHGasn RtUvruHerIecjvij.

kargarbeNþaHGasnñ ³ KWCaGMeBIEdlmincMeBaH EpñkxageRkaménsMNg;vaCavtß úrYmenAelIsMNg;TaMgmUlsMNg;beNþaHGasnñman ³KWCaGMBIEdlmincMeBaH EpñkxageRkaménsMNg; vaCavtß úrYmenAelIsMNg;TaMg

mUl. sMNg;beNþaHGasnñman rbgh‘ u ¿BT½ §kardæan GaKarbeNþaHGasnñ karpÁt;pÁg;zamBlGKi ÁsnI karbMPøWkardæan karpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigkargard¾éTeTot.

TisedAénkargarbeNþaHGasnñ eRKOgsMrYlkñ úgkareRbIR)as; RtUvbBa¢ ÚneTAkardæan sagsg;rYmman³ eQIsMrab;eFV Ika)arI rnÞa nigbMram

epSg² eTot.1> GaKarbeNþaHGsnñ


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rUbPaB 2-1³ Epnkarsagsg;GaKarbeNþaHGasnñ1>1 rbgkardæanbeNþaHGsnñ³eKalbMNgénkarsagsg;rbgbeNþaHGsnñ KWedIm,IRtYtBinitü karecj-cUl suvtß iPaB viFankñúgviFan

karBar karlYc-bøn; nigkarrkSakarBar)anl¥.sMPar³sMrab;rbgkardæanbeNþaHGasnñrYmman³ eQIbnÞH sgá ½sI ExSRbTak;Kña bnÞHf μsMrab;Tb;. rbgRtUv

eFVIcMgay1m BIkardæan kMBs;BIkMralpÞal;dIGL BI 2-3 Em:Rt RtUveFV ITVarrbgRbEhl4 Em:RtsMrab;karnaMsMPar³cUlkardæan.1>2 kariyal½y TItaMgRtUvmanTMhM BI5-8m2 sMrab;CMnajmYy ¬tUcbMput 3/3 m 2¦ eFV IeTAtammaRtdæaneGay)ansm

RsbeTAnwgmaRtdæanrbs;GaKar Edlkñ úgenaH)anEbgEckCakariyal½ysMrab;emkar/ visVkr sMNg;nigXøaMgsMrab;dak;sMPar³.

1>3 karrkSaTuksum:g ;


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suIm:g;RbePTNak¾eday munnigykeTAeRbIR)as; RtUvrkSaTukvaeGay)anRtwmRtUvenAkñ úglkç ½xNÐ ½l¥.su Im:g;RtUvTukenAkEnøgs¶ÜtminRtUveGay)ansMeNIm CaceBaH b¤CaRbeyal eRBaHvaGackkrwg)an. RbBn½ §eRbI R)as;bgVilKYreFVIeGay)anc,as;fa cMnYnEdlykmkmunRtUv)aneRbIR)as;muneKbg¥s;.

rUb2>2³ karrkSaTuksu Im:g;.1>4 karpÁt;pÁg;zamBlGKÁsnI ³CaFm μtakarpÁt;pÁg;zamBl GKi ÁsnItMrUveGaybegá IteLIgenAkñ úgkic©snüaedIm,Ipþl;karbMPøWnig crnþcMeBaH

karsñak;enAk¾dUcCaRbePTkargarxøHk¾tMrUveGaymanpgEdr dUcCa]bkrN_xøH edIredaycrnþGKÁ isnI.karpÁt;pÁg;zamBlcMeBaH GaKarKWCaRbFanbTénkic©snüa rvagGñkem: AkarnigsßanIyenAkñ úgtMbn;ena

eRBaHeKGaccg;dwg faetIeyIgRtUvkarzamBleBlNa? Gas½ydæannigRbGb; b¤karb‘ ÍnEdlenACitenaH ehIycMNucEdlsMxan;Cag KWbnÞ úkEdlRtUvkar sMeNIrenHRtUvdak;esñ IrsMrab;GaKarehIykar)a:n;RbmaNRtUvKtCaKILÚv:at;sMrab;ry³eBlsagsg;. eRkABIenaHRtUveFV Ikar):an;s μanRbmaN10W/m2 sMrab;karbMPøWtamCan;énGaedaybUkbBa©ÚlnUvkareRbIR)as;rfynþsÞÚcpg. kartMelIg nigkarpÁt;pÁg;zamBlKYrEtmankarFanab;rgedayc,ab;bTbBa¢a niglkçnþik³sMrab;kardæansagsg;.

2> TisedAkargarbeNþaHGasnñ

2>1 cMNucedA(Bench Mark)


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enaelIkardæansagsg;sMrab;rcnasm2 ka arI ³kareRKagnUvcMNucsMxan;² énGaKarnwgRtUv)andak; b¤erobcMedayka)arIenHÉg Ed IteLIgedIm,

RtYtBinitüTItaMg TMhM nigCMerAreNþ AEdlsMerc)antamkareRKagTuk. ka)arIKYrEtbegá IteLIg y:agehacNas cMgay 2m BIreNþA GBa©wgvaminnaMeGayxUcxat b¤b:HBal;enAeBlEdleGsáav:aT½rCIkreNþA. kMBs;kþarkat;TTwgénka)arIRtUvEtmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwg kEnøgEdlkMNt;ehIyCab;maMl¥ edIm,IgayRsYlkñ úgkareFV IclnaRtYtBinitüCMerAreNþA. CMerAreNþAqøas;GacRtYtBinitüedayeRbI Level nigbegÁalRkit EdlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgkEgEdlkMNt;pgEdr. TMhMreNþAGacRkitenAelI ka)arI edayeRbIEdkeKal rNaGaRkit eRbIfñaMRkit RbsinebItMrUveGayman.


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rUb2-3 ka)arI 3> GMBIrnÞakargarenHKW CakargartMelIgeFVICuMvijbrievNénGaKar b¤rcnasm


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rUb 2>4 mUldæanRKwHkñ úgkartMelIgrnÞa3>2 karGnuvtþ rnÞaEdk GacpÁú MtMelIgtamviFICaeRcIn ehIybt;EbneTAtamTMhMEdlRtUvpÁú MtMeLIg kñúgPaBbBaÄr b¤ekén

épÞrab ¬tamkarkMNt;énrcnasm


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manmþg²¦ rhUtdl;mankareRKagTukrYcCaeRscehIyk¾Gac mankarpøas;bþÚr)anEdr dUcCakartubEtglMGEpñkkMBUlRBHviharCaedIm. ]bsKÁGacekItmanCajwkjab;EdleyIgminGacEsVgrklkçN³vinicä ½y)aneLIy EeyIgRtUvEteFVI “elIkargarenH” enAeBlEdl]bsKÁekItmanehIy eTIbeyIgGaceFV Ikarvas;)an.

CMBUk3³ karGegátdI

1> TMrg;sikSaGMBIdI ³


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karsikSaGMBIdIcaM)ac; RtUveFV IkarCIkb¤xYgnUvkEnøgEdlcaM)ac;xøH² edIm,Isg;mUldæanRKwHénrcnasm1 RbePTéndIRsTab;dIxagelI³ dIEdleBareBjeday memak dIOrganic dIxSac; dIl,b; dI\dæCaTUeTAminsmRsb

eLIysMrab;karRTRTg;RKwH.f Bed Rock ³CaFm μtaf μ Bed rock vamansmtßPaBx


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RKYs³vaCabMENkénsilaEdlmanTMhMBI 2mm 6in. vamanlkçN³rwg ehIyeKniymykeTAeRbIenA

kñ úgkargarRKwH)anl¥.xSac; ³ CaPaKl¥it²énsilavamanTMhM BI 0.05mm nigrhUtdl;2mm .vamanlkçN³rwg ehIyeKniymyke

eRbIR)as;enAkñ úgkargarRKwH KWsMrab;bgðab;. xSac;m:t;enAeBlRtUvTwkvaminGacrgnUvTMgn; sgát;)aneLIy vakøayeTACaxSac;pugeTaHbICabnÞúkenaHRsayk¾eday.

dIl,ab;nig dI\dædIl,ab; nigdI\dærYmpSMeLIgBIPaKl¥ it² EdleyIgminGacemIlnwgEPñk)aneLIy. enAkñ úgRbBn§ ½cMnat;fñak;

mYy l,b;manPaKl¥ it² cUlrYmpSMFMCagdI\dæ kñúgRbBn½ §cMNat;fñak;mYyl,b;manPaKl¥ itcUlrYmpSMFMCagdI\dæ kñ úgRbBn½ §cat;fñak;epSgeTot )ankMNt;fa dIl,ab;dUcCaRKab;FuBaØCatil¥ it² enAkñ úgBBYkdI Organic EdlminGaceFV I eGayl¥ itedaysarkaréltMrUvGRtaTwk)aneLIy ehIyminGacmanPaBrwgmaMenAeBls¶Ütedayxül;)aneLIy.

dI\dæGaceGayGtßn½ydUcCaRKab;FuBaØCatitUczitenAkñ úgBBYkmanCIvitEdlGaceFV IeGayl¥it)an edaysarkaréltMrUvGaRtaTwk nigmanPaBrwgmaMenAeBls¶Ütedayxül;. dUecñHdI\dæ)at;bg;PaBs¥ itenAeBls¶Üt ehIyK μanPaBrwgmaMenAeBlesIm. eKGaceRbIR)as;vaCadIRKwH)ank¾ b: uEnþzitenAeRkamlkçxNÐCak;lak;mYy. dIl,b; minRtUv)anykmkBicarNaCadIsMrab;RKwHeLIyBIeRBaHenAeBlvaesIm PaBrwgmaMrbs;vaminGacsgÇwm)aney.xSac; nigRKYsRtUv)aneRCIserIsCasMPar³sMrab;kMlaMgCab;s¥it BieRBaHPaKl¥ it² rbs;va minCab;KñaeLIy eKTykPaBrwgmaMrbs;va BIkarkkitxagkñúg. vamanPaBpÞúyKña rvagdI\dænigl,b;vaCasMPar³ Edls¥ itCab;BieRBaHPaKrYmpSMrbs;va eTarTn;rkKña ehIyCab;s¥ itenAeBlGRtaTwkTab.

fRKaMgHard pan ³ karekIteLIgedayrUbFatuénsu Im:g;rYmCamYy nigbMENkf μ. f μ Hardpan xøHrYmpSMeLIgedayl,ayxSac

RKYs dI\dæ b¤l,b; dI\dæb¤ l,b;. f μ Hardpan EdlekIteLIgedaypÞaMgTwkkkEdlmanPaKpSMl¥it² dUcCadI\dæ rhUtdl;duMf μmUl rYmbBa© ÚlKñaedaysMBaFx


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f μ TillvamanlkçN³rUbERbRbYldUcsMNTn; RbsinebIeyIgykvaeTAeRbIR)as;enAkñ úgkarRTRTg;vaGaceFV I eGayGaKarrbs;eyIgmanlkçN³mines μ I ¬eXøag¦. RCaM b¤Pk; Cal,aylaybBa©ÚlKña éndInigTwkPk;eKkRmykvamkeRbIR)as;CasMPar³RTRKwHNas; eRBaHvaK μanlMnwgenAkñ úgkarsagsg; RbsinebICYbdIRbePTenH eKcak;bMeBjedaydIl¥eTAtamkMBs;EdleKRtUvkar.

1>2 rUbFatuéndIkareTaHTayeTAelIlkçN³rbs;dICYnkaleyIgeFV Ikarsegátedaygay² eTAelIrUbFaturbs;va. TaMgenH

rYmbBa©Úleday PaKepSg²dg;su Iet GaRtasMeNIm PaBCab; PaBGacRCabTwk PaBEdlGacbMENn)an nigkMlaMgkat;EdlmankarTak;TgeTAvijeTAmk.

TidæPaBBIeRkAéndIrUbPaBxageRkAéndIEdleyIgGacemIlvaeXIjrUbrag nigkarlUtlas; b¤k¾PaKryénTMhMRKab;nimYy²

GaRs½yedayTMhMnig PaKbnSMenHÉg. BN’KWCa sar³sMxan;EtmYyKt; vaCakarcg¥ úlR)ab;eGaydwgnUvvtþmanénsMPar³enaHBitR)akd.

rUbFatusMxan;² rbs;dIxøHdUcCakar RsUbTwk TaMgenaHCaeKalkarN_énTMhM nigRTg;RTayEdlbgðajeGayeXIjnUvépÞCak;lak; b¤épÞ1ÉktaénmaD. ktþaEdlCak;lak;pgEdr dUcCaépÞCak;lak;éndI \dæFMCagxSac; 1000 dg enHmankarBnül;CaeRcInxus²Kña BIlkçN³énxSac;nig dI\dæ.

dg;suetdI³dg;su Ietrbs;dIvaGaRs½yeTAelIkarx©b;bBa© ÚlKña nUvPaKbnSMl¥it²rbs;dI. dg;su IetGaccg¥úlbgðajGMBI

smtßPaBénkarsgát;rbs;dIBIeRBaHdITn;vagayRsYlkñ úgkarbgðab;eGayENn. dg;su Ietrbs;dIGacpøas;bþ Úr edaysarkareRbI]bkrN_bgðab; dUcCarUlUCaedIm. PaKryénkarbgðab; CaFm μtaeKvas;dg;suIeT EdlsMerc)aCaTUeTAsþg;dar énkareFV Ietsþ kñ úgmnÞ IrBiesaFn_KW edIm,IbegáIteGaymandg;su IeTCaGtibrmaéndI EdlcaM)ac;RtUveFVIkarbgðab;edayProctor Edlpþl;eGaykñ úg1b kñúgCu Ft. enAeBlsagsg;GaKar b¤pøÚvfñl;cMeBaHdIEdlcak; bMebj 90 100° énkarbgðab;RtUvbBa¢ak;eGayc,as;.

GRtasMeNIm³GRtasMeNIméndI KWCaktþsMxan;BieRBaHlkçN³rbs;dIPaKeRcInGaRs½yeTAelIcMnYnTwkEdlenACamYy.

dIEdlEq¥tTwk KWenAeBlEdlmaDTwkes μ InwgmaDRbehagrbs;va.PaBefr

PaBefrcg¥ úlbgðajBIlkçxNÐ énRKab;Rkaml¥ it² rbs;dIGac nigbgðajdUcCaPaBrelag PaBn b¤ rwg. smtßPaBRTRTg;bnÞ úkéndIvaGacERbRbYleTAtamPaBefrenHÉg.


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PaBRCabTwkéndIKWCasmtßPaBéndIedIm,IbMeBjTwkecal. dIEdlmanRKab;RkamFMmankarRCabTwkx3 kardæanxYgdI eKalbMNgénkarpSarsikSaRsavRCavdI KWedIm,ITTYlnUvTinñn½ydUcxageRkam³1> cMeBaHdwgénzanelxaviC¢aTUeTA rbs;dIkardæan eRBaHvaman\T§ iBleTAelIkarelIkKMeragBIRKwH nigkar

sagsg; rUbFatu rUbragépÞdI sNæanEdlenACitenaH pø ÚvTwk RsHTwk rbs;edImeQI edImeQI pÞaM μFM² f μduHecjBI kñ úgdI nigktþaepSeTot dUcCakardwkCBa¢ÚnsMPar³CaedIm.

2> TItaMgEdlRtUvbgáb;EdlCaeRKOgsMrYl dUcCazamBlGKÁ isnI nigbeNþjExSTUrs½BÞ RbPBTwk nigRbBn§ ½lUbgð ÚrTwkkxVk;.


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3> PUKBðsa®sþTUeTAénTItaMgenaH ehIyCaBiessenaHCamYyÉksareyagrbs;GñkPUKBðsa®sþ EdlCanimi μtrUbénEpñkxageRkaménkardæan nigGV InigGacekIteLIgBIxniCenAeBlEdleyIgykecj nigkrNIepSg²eTot.

4> Rbvtþ iénkareRbIR)as;kardæanenHBImunrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarcakecal b¤karxkxanénGaKarmunEdl)ankMNt;cMeBaHlkçxNÐénRKwH.

5> lkçN³Biessd¾éTeTotdUcCa GV IGacnwgekItmanénkarrBa¢ÜyEpndI b¤ktþaFm μCatidUcCaTwkCMnn;tamrdUvkalkarehImRskéndI nigkarhUreRcaHéndI.

6> sikSaEsVgyl;BIKuNPaBsMPar³sMNg; enAkñ úgtMbn;enaHdUcCa ebtuGaRKIeKðt¬xSac; f μ RKYs¦ GaKarnig f μpø Úv nigTwksMrab;karsagsg;.

7> sMrab;rcnasm eFVIkarlMGiteTAelIdI nigf μ ¬TItaMgzitenA¦ niglkçxNÐénTwkeRkamdIenAkñúgtMbn;enaHEdlman\Ti §BleTAelIsmtßPaBRTRTg;rbs;RKwH nigdMeNIrkarsagsg; b¤CMerAxøHeTotEdlman\T§iBleTAelIkardæan niglkç epSgeTot.

9> lT§plrbs;mnÞIrBiesaFn_ eTAelIdInigf μ ¬BIsMNakKMrUsmRsb¦ CaBiesskñ úgkarelIkKMeragRKwH b¤ k¾bBaðasagsg;.

10> lT§plénkarviPaKKImIeTAelIdI b¤TwkeRkamdI edIm,IkMNt;EdlGacTTYlyk)ancMeBaHsuxPaB nigCIvit nig \T§ iBleTAelIrcnasm4 TMrg;énkarsikSaGMBIdI karGegátedayEPñkCMha‘ndMbUgEdlRtUvkarcaM)ac;sMrab;karelIkKMeragGaKarenaH KWGñkpþl;eyablEpñkxagRKwH GñkRKb;RKg

karsagsg; nigGñkedjéføsagsg;sMrab;GnaKt. karRtYtBinitüBic½yedayEPñk KYrEtpþl;Bt’manenAelIépÞdIf μ f μduHecjBIdI muxTwk CMral cMeNat sMrab;kardwkCBa¢Únbrikaç nig]bkrN_sMrab;karRsavRCavKuNPaxageRkamnigkarrukrkRbPBTwkCaBiesskarxYg rkrcnasm< ½n§BImunEdlGacmanenAelIkardæan. RbsinebIGackarGegátKYrEtkMNt;faetI GtßRbeyaCn_énEpñkeRkamdI EdlGacqøgkat;kardæanenHmanGV IxøH. EdkxYgdItUcGaceRbIR)as;kñ úgkareFVIviPaKedayExVk)any:agqab;rh½s nigTItaMgénkMritkMBs;TwkeRkamdI.

karRsavRCav


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Bt’mansþ IGMBIRbPBEdlmanmunmkRtUvykcitþTukdak; eGay)anx


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karxYg b¤karvas;CMerAeday minyksMNakeKeFVIeLIgedIm,IrkTItaMgEpñkxagelIénf μ b¤k¾edIm,IkarTTYlsÁal;énGtþsBaØaNkm μéndI. kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_xYgenHva)anbgðajnUvrUbFatuéndI. Rbdab;sÞg;f μ GacR)ab;CamunpgEdr GMBIPaBTak;TgKñaénf μ edaykarvas;EvgkMriténkarxYgbBa© ÚleRkamkarTMlak;sMBaFefrmYy

2> karCIkGaKareRkamdI2>1 RbePTénkarCIkvamanRbePTepSg²KñaCaeRcIn kñ úgkarGnuvtþkarCIkdI kñ úgkMLúgeBlsagsg;énKMerag.karCIkTl ; karCIkTl;eKeRbIR)as;enAkEnøg b¤EpñkNaEdlCaTMrrbs;rcnasm


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karCIkreNþAbrievNenAkñ úgviFIsa®sþenH reNþAmanTMhMTUlayRKb;RKan;sMrab;sagsg;CBa¢aMgTb;raMgkñ úgkarCIk nigTMrkUneQI

dUcEdlRtUvkar. vaGaccaM)ac;sMrab;embeNþay b¤emTTWgnigbegÁalGMBIEdk edIm,IdMeNIrkareTAmuxkñ úgkargarCIk. viFIsa®sþenHGaceRbIR)as;enAkEnøgNaEdlCYbRbTHRsTab;dIexSay GBa©wgCBa¢aMgRKWHvargnUveBIdUcCaCnÞ úlelIbeNþaHGasnñxNEdlKMnrGacn_dI RtUv)ankayecjehIydak;Ep¥kmkelIkMralebtuenaH. karCIkreNþ ACabrievNGacGnuvtþn_pgEdrcMeBaHRsTab;dIEdlrwg enAeBlenaHeKtMrUveGayCIkedayemkaniccMeBaH karkayGacn_dIvamincaM)ac;eBlevlaeLIy.

rUb 3-8 karCIkRbLaykarCI ksM ercviFIsa®sþenHeKeRbIcMeBaHRsTab;dIEdlrwg Edlp©itrbs;RKwHGacRtUv)ankayCamunsin edIm,IGnuBaØati

eGayeKcak;kMral)an edaymincaM)ac;eRbICnÞ úl.RbGb;RKw H ¬ekHsug¦KWCaRbGb;rcnasm


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CaFm μtavaeFVIBIebtucak;Rsab;ehIyeRbIkarenAkñ úgTwkKW Bnø iceTAkñ úgTwkb: uEnþ cMeBaHekHsugEdleRbIenAkñ úgdICaRbePTekHsugcMh)atEdlRtUvsg;enAnwgkEnøg.

rUb 3-9 karCIkdIsMrab;ekHsugekHsugeFVI m: aTi cCYnkal eKeGayeQ μaHvafa ekHsugxül;bMENn. vaRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgRsTab;dIxageRkamd¾lM)ak Edl

zitenAkñ úgTwk ehIymansMBaFTabCagsMBaFeFV Ikarrbs;RbGb;ekHsugenH edIm,IFanasuvtß iPaBénkareFVIkars¶ÜtehIyekHsugePñ Im:aTicGaceFV IBIebtug dUcenHehIyvaF¶n;ehIyliceTAkñ úgTwk edaysarTMgn;rbs;va b¤Gacsagsg;GMBIEdkEdlmanCBa¢aMgkat;ExVgcuHeLIg ehIybMeBjedaysarTwk vaeFV Ikarkñ úgnamCa)alas;.

eKKNnaekHsugEdlCaEpñkmYyénrcnasm CBa¢aMgTb;d I ³ viFIsa®sþsagsg;

3>1 RbePTCBa¢aMgTb;dI


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eKalbMNgénCBa¢aMgTb;beNþaHGasnñ KWedIm,IkayykdIecjedIm,I)an»kassagsg;GaKarCaedIRbePTénrcnsm


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cUlmkkñ úgTl;nwgEKmbegÁalehIyvaRTKYckñ ñ úgkEnøgedayviFIepSg²dUcCa³ eRbItem,ótxÞas;/ pSar/ eRbIEdkHb¤r)aEvg>>>>.l.

EdkKWCamUlEdlmanRTg;RTay nigTMgn;epSgKñaCamYynigtMNrBiessEdlmanGMeBIdUcCaesarxagkñúgrvag

muxkat;énbnÞHEdkenH. eRbIR)as;sMrab;karTb;rcnasm11 karbuksnøwkEdkKuNsm,tþ id¾BiessénkareRbIR)as; snø wkEdkenHenAeBlNaEdlmankMritkMBs;Twk eRkamdIx


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eKbBa¢ Únsnø wkEdkeTAkñúgdICamunsinedayeRbIm:asuInbukRKwHrYcehIy eTIbkaydIecjtameRkay. edIm,I eGaymanRbsiTi §PaBkan;EtFM eKGacdMsnø wkEdkrhUtdl;RsTab;minRCabTwk b¤eGayhYsCMerAEdlRtUvkedIm,IlubbM)at; TwkeRkamdI EdlxitenAeRkamsnøwkEdk.

eKRtUveRKagTukCamuncMeBaHTwkEdlGacelcecjtamCBa¢aMgEdk. CBa¢aMgGMBIsnø wkEdk)at;RbsiT§ iPaBrbs;vakalNatMNsnø wkEdkmin)ancUlKñas‘ ub b¤snø wkEdkTaMgGs;min)andMbBa©ÚleGay)anl¥. lkçxNÐTaMgGs;enHGacbNþalmkBI]bsKÁenAkñ úgdI b¤RsTab;dIrwgebk b¤kardMsnø wkEdkmin)anRtwmRtuv.

dIxSac;FU b¤dIcak;bMeBjGacrgnUvbMENnkñ úgeBlEdleyIgdMsnø wkEdkbBa© ÚldUecñHkareRbIviFIsa®sþenHRtUv)anvaytMélkalNaeKdMeLIgsnøwkEdkenAEk,rGaKarEdlmanRsab;. edaysarsMPar³mantMélx


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kareRbIbegÁalRKwHedayxYgmanlkçN³Tn;Pøn;CakareRbIbegÁalRKwHedaydMbBa© Úl. reNþ AGacRtUvbMeBjedayebtugedIm,Ibegá It)anCassrebtug ¬K μansésEdk¦ kñ ñ úgkrNIcaM)ac;eKdak;sésrEdkrYbehIyeTIbcak;ebtugeK)anssrRKwHebtugGaem b¤CYnkaleToteKdak;ssrEdkeTAkñúgreNþ AxYg.

kEnøgNaEdlRtUveRbIEdksMrab;Tb;GactMeLIgenAelIssrRKwH muneBlEdldak;eTAkñ úgreNþ ARKwH.enAeBlEdldak;rcnasm


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ehAfabnÞH(Panel) . kñ úgmYyeBlGacCik 2-3Paneltamry³beNþayk¾dUcCacenøaHBIbnÞHPanel mYyeTAmYyeTotEdrminGnuBaØatibg;tUnIt BICYrnimYycUlCYrmYyeToteLIy. bnÞab;BI)andwkbnÞHPanel smRsbtamkMritkMBs;ehIy reNþARtUvsMGatGacn_dIecjehIy ¬cugbMBg;¦ b¤k¾EdkFñ wmRtUvdak; ;eTAkñ úgreNþ AEdlCIkrYc. cak; ebtugcUleTAtamcenøaHbMBg;eTACMnYskakEr:elah³bg;tUnIt. RbsinebIbMBg;RtUveRbIR)as;bnþRtUvcak;ecjmuneBlEdlebtugcab;epþ Imkk. RbsinebIEdkFñ wmRtUvTukeRbIR)s;eTotsMrab;Fñ wmcugeKCaFm μtaeKRtUvbnSl;TukeTAnwgkEnøg.

GnuvtþeTAtamCMh‘an² rhUtdl;CBa¢aMg)anbBa©b;. RbsinebIbMBg;RtUveRbIR)as;sMrab;bnÞHPanel Cit²KñaEttMrUvEtcugbMBg;mYyb: ueNÑaHrhUtdl;tMNmansNæaneTAelIcugmYy. enAeBlEdlCYbRbTHb:HTgÁ icdIrwg b¤f μ m:asuInxYgnig e)akxøaMgdUecñHGactMrUveGayyksMPar³enaHecj.

4> m:asunkaydIenHKWCaEpñkmYy y:agsMxan;énGñksagsg; ehIyEdlRtUvkareRbIR)as;bzmenAkñúgkarCIk b¤kaydICa

eRcInRbePT. karkay b¤CIkdIedaym:asuInvamanlkçN³y:agTUlMTUlayehIymankarpøas;bþÚrCaerIy² BIGñkEdlelIkKMeragk¾b:uEnþeTaHbICamankarpøas;bþ Úrm:asu In RbePTNak¾edayk¾eKcat;cUlEpñkEtmYyEdr.

4>1 RtakT½rcUkdI EpñkenHCaeKalRKwHbzménkarcUkdI BIEpñkxagelIéneRKOgynþ b¤k¾tamclnavilCuM. vamanlkçN³C

sklehIygayRsYlkñ úgkareRbIR)as;edayzamBl EdlEp¥kelIRbGb;zamBlénm:asu In b¤eRbIR)as;edayRbBn§ ½Gu IRtULiceTAtamEtkarEdleKplitmk. Rtak;T½rRbePTenH CaTUeTAGaccUkdI)anRKb;RbePTelIkElgEtf μ EdlCabzmRtUvbMEbkeGaytUc²sin CaFm μtaeKeRcIndak;mIn CamunsineTIbcUk)an. muxEb:lCaTUeTAtMrUveGayykcitþTukdak; CaBii iessenAeBleFVIclna cUksMPar³epSgehIyRtUvpÞ úksMPar³ Rsall μm minGnuBaØatieGaycUkeRcIneBkeT enAeBlEdleFVIclnaenAkñ úgkardæan. PaKeRcInénRtak;T½rRbePTenH smtßPaBmankMNt;BI300 400 sMrab;karcUkxagelIénrfynþ b¤clnaCargVg;.


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rUb 3>15 RbePTénRtak;T½rkaydI4>2BackactersRtak;T½rRbePTenHsmRsbCamYykargarCIkreNþ ARKwH nigreNþ ARKwH CBa¢aMgRtak;T½rRbePTenH

lkçN³gayRsYlenAkñ úgkareRbIR)as;dwkCBa¢ÚndI EdlminRtUvkareTAkan;TIkEnøgEdlCit² enaH b¤kaydIm bMeBjvij. m:asu InRbePTenHtMrUveGaymankarbnßybnÞ úkenAkñúgkardwkCBa¢ Ún.Backacters eRbIR)as;kñ úgkarCIkreNþ AEdlpþl;nUvTinñplx3 Rtak;T½rkaydI Draglines


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rfynþRbePTenHEpñkeTAelIzamBlsklCamUldæan rYmpSMeLIgedayRKgExSr:k P¢ab;CamYyFugsMrab;kaydI. m:asu InRbePTenHeKpliteLIgsMrab;kaydIEdlmanlkçN³exSay )anCMerArhUt 3m xageRkaméTItaMgEdlrfynþenHzitenA edayclnavileTAvilbkénFugkaydI nigGacTaj b¤ekordIeTAmxfyeRkayeRbBn§ ½bBa¢ar. Rtak;T½rkaydIenH GactMrUvpgEdrCamYy FugvilRbWkaMgb¤FugsMrab;karkaydIEdlexSay.

4>4 b‘ldUhSWr (Bulldozer)b‘ uldUhSW KWCaRtak;T½rQUs b¤rujdIrYmpSMeLIgeday³-tYm:asu In-tMb;nkg; nig- RbGb;zamBl b¤RbGb;bBa¢aCamYynwgEb:l sMrab;QUsnig rujenAxagmux EdlCaFm μtaedIreday

RbBn§ ½GIRtUlIc Etk¾manb‘ uldUhSWxøHeRbIExSkabedIm,IeFV IclnaEdr. b‘ uldUhSWPaKeRcInmansmtßPaB kñ úgkarep¥ ógEb:lsMrab;QUs b¤rujdI)anBIGkS½kNþalénm:asuIn.

4>5 RtakT½rBRgabd(Scrapers)Rtak;T½rRbePTenHmanEb:lsMrab;ekordI EdlragdUccaneRCAEdlGacTMlak;Eb:leGayTabsMrab;kat; b¤

RbmUldIkEnøgNaEdleKcak;ehIy nigkEnøgNaEdlmannIv: Ux6 RtakT½rekord(Graders)Rtak;T½rRbePTenHmaneKalkarN_dUc b‘uldUhSWEdr EdlenAP¢ab; nigtYmanEb:lmYyy:agEvglélEdl

GacéltMrUv)an ehIyCaFm μtazitenAcMcMNuckNþalénm:asuIn. eKalkarN_rbs;m:asu InenHKWekorsMGat b¤cak; tamlMdab;épÞxagelIénRsTab;dI EdlGnuvtþbnþBI Bulldozer nigScrapers ehIyGnuvtþcMeBaHTIkEnøgNaFM TUlay.

4>7Tractor ShovelsRtak;T½rRbePTenH CYnkareKehAfa GñknaMmux eKalkarN_Cabzm KWcUkeLIgnUvsMPar³Tn;EdlenACit

muxEb:l. karelIkEb:leLIgelIcUleTATItaMgkargar ehIycak;ecjnUvsMPar³EdlTn;²enaHvij vacUleTAkñ úgkarykcitþTukdak;kñ úgkareFV Iclnarbs;yanynþ.

5> karRtYtBinitüTwkeRkamdI 5>1 karbeBa¢ósTwkCaRbcaM


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karbeBa¢ ósTwkCaRbcaM mann½yfa Cakardak;cUlnUvr)aMgkarBarCMrabTwkedIm,I bBaÄb;karhUrénTwkeRkamdI.

5>2 karbeBa¢ósTwkbeNþaHGasn ñ karGnuvtþn_tamviFIenH)ancMeBaHTwkEdlmankMritTabEtvamanlkçN³esdækic© ehIyvamanRbsiT§PaB

)anRtwmEtCMerA1,5m Etb:ueNÑaH edayeRbIvIFIbgðÚrecjtamRsTab;dI. cMeBaHTwkEdlmanCMerAeKykm:asu InbUmTMlak;cUlTwk rYceFVIkarbUmecjEtmþg.

5>3 karbUmTwkbeBa©jtamviFIsmBaØtamviFIenHvamanlkçN³smRsb enAeBlEdleKCikreNþ AehIymanTwkecj b¤enAkEnøgNaEd

brimaNFarTwktic. 5>4 kar aj;beBa©jkarGnuvtþn_tamviFIsa®sþenH k¾maneKalbMNgdUcKña nigviFIbUmTwkbeBa©jedayFm μtaEdr KWbnßy

brimaNTwk EtRtUvbgáarmineGaydImanclnacUldUcviFId¾eTotEdr. reNþ AxYgedaymanenAkñ úgRsTab;dI edakar)aj;bBa©ÚlbMBg;eTAkñúgCMerARsTab;dI edaysMBaFTwkTwkbWteLIgelItamry³bMBg; nigb:umbUmTwk. bMBg;EdkRtUvdkecjBIrn§ehIy CMnYseTAvijedayWell point nigbMBg;)øasÞ icEdleRbIehIye)aHecal. enACu MvijbMBg; )aøsÞ ic RtUvbMeBjedayxSac;RKab;FMeRBaHeyIgeRbIR)as;vadUcCasMPar³cMeraH.

rUb 3>16 reNþ Am: UT½rbUm5>5Weelpiont


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viFIsa®sþenHeKeRbIR)as;sMrab;eFVIeGayTwk mankMritTabCagTItaMgeFVIkargaredIm,I[kEnøgenaHs¶ ÜtgayRsYlkñ úgkareFV Ikargar. eKalkarN_CamUldæan KW)aj;bBa©ÚleTAkñ úgdIesrI Wellpoint EdleK)antP¢ab;enbMBg;rYcehIy EtenAkñúgkartenHRtUvbnSt;xül;eGayGs;BIb:umsin. RbBn½ § Wellpoint manlkçN³smRsbCamYydICaeRcInRbePTrhUtdl;karCikreNþAb¤ RbLay. RbsinebIkMritnimi μtkm μxageRkamRtUv)aneFV IeLIgsmtßPaBénkarRsUbeLIgénb:umbUmTwk tamRbBn§½cMrHGacnig RtUvykmkeRbIR)as;.

rUb 3-17Wellpoint6> viFIsa®sþeFVeGaykardæanRbesIreLIg6>1 viFIrMedaHdIecjkarCIk nigkarcak;bMeBj

eKalkarN_ ³ K μankMlaMgRKb;RKan; kñúgkardwkCBa¢ Ún sMPar³minKb,IeRbIR)as; ehIyRtUvcak;bMeBjmkvijnUvdIl¥.RbePTdI smRsb ³ RbePTNak¾)ankM Nt; cMNaM ³ TItaMgEdlmantMélsmrmü ehIyCMerARtUveTAtamkarkMNt;mYyCaTUeTA≤ 9m .


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karbM las;TI ³eKalkarN_ ³ dImannIv:Ux2 viFIsaRsþbeBa©jTwk

rUb 3>18 viFisa®sþbeBa¢ ósTwkkarCI kreNþA

eKalkarN_ ³ GnuBaØatieGaybgð ÚrTwkecjlkçN³rbs; dI ³ dIs¥itRKab;RkamdIs¥ it nigeBareBjedayTwkkM Nt; cMnaM ³ CMerAx


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eKalkarN_ ³ bnÞ úkEdlGnuvtþmkelI)aneFV IeGaydIRsutlkçN³rbs; dI ³ dIs¥ itRKab;RkamdIs¥ it² nigeBareBjedayTwkkM Nt; cMnaM ³ CaTUeTAmanlkçN³esdækic© RtUvkarry³eBlyUrkñúgkarbMENndI manRbsiT§iPaBcMeBaHCMerACak;lak; mYy ehIyEdlGacsMercnUvsmtßPaBkugRtaMg.

muneBlbgðab;CamYy ni gkarbgð ÚrtamExSbBaÄreKalkarN_ ³ pøÚvénkarbgðÚrTwkxø I BenøÓnkarRskcuHénTwklkçN³rbs; dI ³ dIs¥itRKab;RkamdIs¥ it nigeBareBjedayTwkkM Nt; cMnaM ³ mantMélx3 viFIsa®sþeFVIeGaykardæanRbesIreLIgkarbgðab; edayDINami uc

eKalkarN_ ³ bnÞ úkFMEdlGnuvtþeTAelIkarbgðab;edaykarTMlak;eRcIndgEdl manTMgn;BI 5-35etan.lkçN³rbs; dI ³ lkçN³dIs¥ itl¥ viFIenHcMeBaHdIs¥ it² dIs¥ itEtminl¥cMeBaHdIEdlzitenAeRkamkMritTwkeRkamdI.kM Nt; cMnaM ³ manlkçN³smBaØehIyelOn manplRbeyaCn_cMeBaHdIEpñkxagelI nigxageRkamdI CMerAEdlmRbsiT§ iPaBKW 18m mantMélCamFüm \T§ iBlénrMj½reFV IeGaymanPaBb:HBal;dl;rcnasm19 viFIsa®sþrMj½r

karbgðab; rMj½r


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eKalkarN_ ³ ]bkrN_rMj½rlkçN³rbs; dI ³ dIs¥ itEdlmanPaBs¥ itcUlrYmpSMticCag 20°kM Nt; cMnaM ³ GacsMerc0andg;suIetrbs;dIl¥ nigmanPaBÉksNæan)anCMerARtwmEt30m b: ueNÑaH tMélminCak;lak;ehIymantMélx


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kM Nt; cMnaM ³ tMrUveGaymanzamBlxøaMgtMélsmrmükarbgák

eKalkarN_ ³ bgáksMeNImEdlenAkñ úgdI edIm,IcgritPaKpSMrbs;dIeGayenACamYyKña edIm,IbegáInkMlaMgkat; nigbnßynUvkareRCobTwk.lkçN³rbs; dI ³ dIRKb;RbePTEdlzitenAeRkamnIv:UTwkeRkamdI/ dIs¥ itenAxagelInIv: UTwkeRkamdIkM Nt; cMnaM ³ mantMélx6Geosynthetickarbgðab;edayDI Namiuc

Geogrids, Geotextiles, Geontes nig GeomembraneseKalkarN_ ³ eRbIR)as; Geosynthetic sMrab;cMeraH RtYtBinitücMeraH ragMgmineGayTwkhUrkat; b¤edIm,IeFV IeGay dI manPaBrwgmaMeLIg.lkçN³rbs; dI ³ CacMeraHd¾manRbsiT§ iPaBsMrab;dIRKb;RbePTCaBiesssMrab;dIl,ab; kM Nt; cMnaM ³ eRbIR)as;)any:agTUlMTUlay kñ úgPar³kic©epSg²Kña.

7> karsagsg;RKwHEpñkxageRkabénGaKarKWCaépÞdIEdleyIgehAfaRKwH. RKwHGacCatMNag b¤mantMélmYyEpñktUcén

KMerag b:uEnþvaRtUvEtpþl;nUvPaBlMnwg dl;rcnasm


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7>1 RbePTénRKwHRKw HCagtag ³CaTUeTARKwHeCIgtammanragCakaer: enAkñúgKMehIjBImux pliteLIgBIebtugGaem esþ Ig eKeRbIR)as;Ca

eRKOgTMr cMeBaHssreTal edIm,IRTbnÞ úkpÞal;enAcMcMNuckNþaléneCIgtag.RKw HCab; ³RKwHCab;b¤ RKwHExS eRbIR)as;sMrab;RTbnÞ úkCBa¢aMg. RKwHExSpliteLIgBIebtugGaem tambeNþayén

CBa¢aMg CamYynigTMhMÉkPaBKña nigCMerArak;.

rUb 3-20 RKwHCab;nig RKwHeCIgtagRKw HcM ruHRKwHcMruHpliteLIgBIebtugGaem GacRTssr)aneRcInCagmYy RbsinebIeyIgemIlBImux eRcInmanrag

ctuekaNEkg b¤ctuekaNBñay.RKw HExSBIebtugFm μta

RKwHExS b¤RKwHCBa¢aMgEdlpliteLIgBIebtugGaemFm μta CaTUeTAmanbgáb;EdksésenAkñúgeCIgtag nigsésmesh enAkñ úgeCIgtag nigsésmesh enAkñ úgbnÞHebtug.


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RKw HExSBI ebtugeRbkugRtaMgRKwHExSEdlpliteLIgBIebtugeRbkugRtaMg Edlbegá IteLIgedaykarrwtbNþwgEdksésBYr b¤Edkkab

Edlbgáb;enAkñ úgebtug. RKwHebtugRtaMgrYmshkarN_edaybnÞHRKwHcalifornia EdlmanbeNþayEvg gRKwHPTI.

kartM elI gkM ralBI eQIeCIgtagmantYnaTIenAkñ úgkarRTFñ wm nigkMral nigTMrxagkñ úgpgEdr¬GacRKwHCab;¦ enAEpñkxageRkamé

kMraleQI KWCarnUt.

rUb 3-21 kartMelIgkMraleQI RKw Hlat³KWlatCaTUeTAmanTMhMehIy kMras;manlkçN³ÉkPaBKñapliteLIgBIebtugGaem ehIyCab;bnþman

tYnaTIRTRTg;rcnasm


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ssrRKw HRbePTepSgeTotmanRKwHRbePTepSgeTotdUcCa ssrxYg ssrcak;enAnwgkardæan nigssrsmasPaK.sMNg; laykñúgTwkvamanlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhlnigssrRKwH Edlcak;enAnwgkEnøgsMNg;lyeTAkñúgTwk b¤Ep CaFm μta

manmuxkat;FMehIyEvg P¢ab;CamYybnÞHebtugGaem. sMNg;lyeTAkñ úgTwk b¤EpmanFñwmFMRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;CaRKwHsMrab;RTRTg; enAelIépÞdIEdlFMTUlay.

RKw HekHsugsMrab;lykñ úgTwk b¤sMNg;EpCYnkalvak¾GaRs½yedayRKwHekHsugenHpgEdHekHsugCarcnasm


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ssrRKw HbukGM BIEdk³RbEvg Fm μtaBI 30m 70mbnÞúk x


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rUbPaB 3>23 ssrRKwHebtugplitBIeragcRkssrRKwHebtugEdlplitenAnwgkardæanRbEvg Fm μtamanBI 30m 70mbnÞúk x


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CMBUk 4³ ebtug

1> sésBRgwg1>1 karBRgwgedaysésEdkEdkmUl ³ enAelIépÞrbs;sésEdkeckecjCa ³RTng;tMNrnigEpñkepSgeTot.EdkfñaM GM eBA ³ enAelIrbs;EdkmanRTng;nig tMNr. karbegá ItzamBlCag 40°CagEdkF μta)aneFV I

eGayEdkfñaMgGMeBACab;sñitl¥.

rUb 4-1 EdkfñaMGMeBA


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ExSlYssésrs; ³vaCakareFVIeGayEdksésrwtEtrwgmaMeLIg edIm,IykeTAeRbIR)as;enAkñ úgebtugeRbkugRtaMg.GaMgtg;suIet rbs;EdkRbePTenH vaxøaMgCagEdksésFm μtacMnYn5dg. GRtakabUnBI 0>6 eTA 1>

)aneFV IeGaykabUnEdkeLIgx2 sésMeshsés Mesh erobcMeLIgdUcPaCn_EdkEdlmanmuxkat;BI 4-12mm dak;ExVgRbsBVKñaedayEdkbn

enHKWCaviFIdak;nig tYnaTIrbs;va . RTg;RTayEdkEdldak;kat;ExVgKña KWCaragkaer: b¤ ctuekaNEkg.1>3 viFIsaRsþ EnkarrkSaTuk nig karsnSMsMécEnEdksés - bnÞab;BIkarEbgEckEdkeTAtammuxkat;nig RbEvgehIy RtUvTukdak;eGay)anRtwmRtUveTAtamRbe

nimYy²rbs;va edayminRtUvTuklayLMCamYyEdk EdlminRtUvkareLIy.- eFñIrEdldak;Edk RtUvmankMBs;x4 karbegáIt nig rebobplit


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CMBUk 4 ³ ebtugGaem enHKWCaviFImYydak;nigtYnaTUrbs;va. RTg;RTayEdkEdlkat;exVgKña KWCaragkaer: b¤ctuekaNEkg. 1>3 viFIsa®sþénkarrkSaTuk ni gkarsnSMsMécénEdksés ³

- bnÞab;BIEbgEckEdkeTAtammuxkat; nigRbEvgehIyRtUvTukdak;eGay)AnRtwmRtUveTAtamRbenimYy²rbs;va edayminRtUvTuklaylMCamYyEdkEdlminRtUvkareLIy.

- eFVIrEdldak;Edk RtUvmankMBs;x4 karbegáIt nigrebobplit ³Shop drawing ³vaCakarKUrenAkñ úgeragCagedIm,IeFV Ikarkat;EdkCak;Esþg nigBt;vaeTAtamcMnucénkarKUrrbs;rcnasm


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- RbEvgénb‘ ULúg nigk,alva- kardak;sésEdkFñ wmeTAkñúgssr RbEvg nigRTg;RTayyufáa nigEpñkEdlExVgrvagFñwm nigkøwmem.karKUrlMGiténbnÞHkMralCan; ³- G½kSénFñwm nigTItaMgénFñ wmrgénCBa¢aMgBIebtugGaem/ karcab;epþIménEpñkCeNI þr/ karebIkTItaMgén

bMBg; nigkUnssr.- BidaneRkamdI ³ karrkTItaMgénkardak;bMBg; nigkargarEdk- kMras;énkMral nigTisedA/ Ggát;p©it/ RbEvg/ TItaMgénkarBt; nigrebobdak;sésEdkem.

1>5 karGnuvtþbnþénsésEdk ³karGnuvtþbnþénsésEdk KWEckecjCakarkat; nigkarBt;. kñ úgeBlf μ I²enHeK)anbegáIteragcRk

sMrab;plitEdk nigkat; EdlRtYtBinitütamry³kMBüÚT½redaym:asu InsV½yRbvtþRBmTaMgkarpÁt;pÁg;Edr eTAtamcMNuc b: uEnþvamineFV I»kaskm μ BIeRBaHkarkMNt;énkarpøas;bþÚrTisedA. dUecñHehIykargarCaeRcInmaneTAtamkEnøg.

karBt;sésEdk ³- EdkEdlmand < 25mm karGnuvtþtammeFüa)ayRtCak;enAelIsItuNðPaBFm μta.

- EdkEdlmand > 28mm

karGnuvtþtammeFüa)aykMedA- enAEpñkxagcugénsésEdkmUlRtUvEtdak;TMBk;CakarcaM)ac; ¬cMeBaHm:asu InTat;kugRtaMg¦- cMeBaHEdkfñaMgGMeBAGacminbBa© ÚlTMBk;eTAkñ úgeKalkarN_enaH b:uEnþkarBt;TMBk;enH begá ItenAkñúg

krNIepSgeTot.xagcugénEpñkxageRkAénCBa©aMg sésEdksMrab;Fñ wm/ ssr/ bMBg;EpSg/ sésEdkRtv:at;/ sésEdk

nwg ¬mingaker)an¦ EdlTItaMgTaMgenaHRtUvEtsresrenAkñ úgkarKUr.

1>6 RbEvgyufáa nigRbEvgtMNrénsésEdk ³tMNrTUeTA ³rUb4>2 viFIkñúgkartP¢ab;Edk


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rUb4-2 viFIkñugkartP¢ab;Edk- kEnøgtMNrénsésEdkRtUveCosvagTItaMgkEnøgEdlkugRtaMgeFV IGnþrkm μeRcIn.- minRtUvtP¢ab;sésEdkenAkEnøgdEdleRcInCagBak;kNþaléncMnYnEdkeLIy.- RbEvgEpñkxagmuxéntMN RtUvdak;enAcenøaHcMNuckNþalénTMBk;- tMNrénEdkemRtUvdak;elIEpñkEdlkMlaMgTaj- RbEvgtMNrénsésEdk nigRbEvgénsésEdknwg RtUvdak;enAkEnøgEdlTTYlrgkMlaMgst; b¤k¾

kMlaMgTajtUc elIkElgEtenAkñúgkrNItYEdkFMCag25d (d : Ggát;p©itrbs;sésEdk ) . RbsinebIeyIgcg; dak;kEnøgtMNrenATIEdlTTYlrgnUvkMlaMgTajeRcInenaHluHRtaEtEdkenaHFMCag40d .

- RbEvgtMNrénkarsgát;tictYcGaceFVIeday20d - EdkEdlmanminFMCag28mm minRtUvtP¢ab;edayviFIdak;ep¥abelIKñaeLIy.

rUb4-3 kEnøgtMNénEdk


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rUb4>4 ³ TItaMgdak;Edkbgáb; nigtMNr- sésEdkeménFñwmyufáakñ úgssr- sésEdkeménFñ wmyufáakñúgFñ wmrg- sésEdkemrbs;ssrRtUv)anbgáb;enAkñ úgRKwH- sésEdkeménFw ñmeRkamdI mUldæanyufáa b¤ssr- sésEdkCBa¢aMgyufáaelIssr/ Fñwm/ bnÞHkMralCan;- sésEdkkMralCan; yufáaFw ñm b¤CBa©aMgv i FIsa®sþenAkñúgkartsésEdk ³- bnþedaydak;ep¥abelIKña- bnþeddaypSar ³ dak;ep¥abKñaehIypSarP¢ab;/ dak;Cl;KñaehIypSarP¢ab;

1>7 kMras;énkarRKb nigkEnøgdak;énEdksés ³kEnøgénsésEdk ³- eRcInCag1/5dgénmuxkat;rbs;Edksés- eRcInCag25mm

- eRcInCag 1/25dg énTMhMGtibrmarbs;GRKIeKÞtRKab;FM GnuvtþtamtMélEdlFMCageKéntxagelI .eKaledACMerAénkarRKbEdk ³- Fn;nwgcMehH- BRgIkPaBCab;lab;- suvti ßPaBeTAelIkarsagsg;énPaBrav

sþg;daCMerARKbEdk ³muxkat; CMerAb¤kMras; kMNt;sMKal;bnÞHCBa¢aMgminRTTMgn; FMCag2cm

ssrFwñmEdlCaRbePTCBa¢aMgRTbnÞ úk FMCag

3cm

cMENkEdlb:HpÞal;eTAnwgdI ³ eRcInCag4cm enAeBlEdlbBa©b;vtßúykCa)ankarEdlmuxxagkñ úgeRcInCag 2cm

RKwH FMCag6cm elIkElgEtkMras;ebtugRsTab;xageRkam


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bMBg;EpSg FMCag5cmFMCag4cm enAeBlmuxkat;sésEdktUcCag16cmFMCag5cm enAeBlEdlmuxkat;sésEdkFMCag19cm

CBa¢aMgTb; FMCag7cm enAeBlEdlminbegá ItRTg;RTayeTAkan;EpñkEdlTak;TgnwgdI.

rUb4>5 CMerAénRsTab;RKbEdk nigkEnøgdak;Edksés1>8 karpÁúMtMeluIgEdksés ³kartMelIgrYcCaeRscénEdksésEkg ³enAmuneBltMelIgsésEdkRtUveFV IkarsMGatykeRcH nigFUlIecj ehIyrkSaTukedayELkedIm

bnßyfamBlénkarCab;s¥ itedayFUlI nigeRcH.lMdab;lMedayénkartMelIgEdksés ³

- enAeBlsagsg;GaKarBIebtugGaem ³ dak;bBa© ÚleTAkñ úgebtugnUveRKagEdkEdl)anpÁ ú MtamlMdab; lMeday ehIytMelIgeTAEpñkxagelIeTotedaycab;epþ ImBIEpñkxageRkameTA.sésEdkRKwHsésEdkssrsésEdkCBa¢aMgsésEdkFw ñmsésEdkkMral

sésEdkCeNþ Ir - enAeBlEdlsagsg;GaKarcUleTAkñ úgeRKagEdk nigebtugGaem ³ tMelIgBIEpñkEdl)anpÁ Mú ehIy

nigbnÞHepSgeTotRtUvbBa©b;.

sésEdkCaeKalsésEdkssrsésEdkFñ wm sésEdkCBa¢aMg sésEdkkMral


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sésEdkCeNþ Ir1>9 kargartMelIgsésEdkBRgIg ³

lMdab;énkartMelIgsésEdkeKal ³- BRgagRTg;RTayTItaMgénebtug- karbg¥ újbgðajBITIkEnøgénsésEdkBRgwg- reboberobcMénsésEdk- reboberobcMénsésEdktamExSbeBa¢ óg- karbegá ItcenøaH- karbegá IteLIgnUvsésEdkemsMrab;ssr- karerobcMsésrEdkkgmUlkartMelIgsésEdksMrab;CBa© aMg nigssr ³- kEnøgtMNrRtUvyk2¼3énkMBs;Can; - kartMelIgsésEdksMrab;ssrminRtUveGayCab;KñaeRcInCag1¼2éncMnYnrbs;sésEdkemenAk úg

Can;EtmYyeT.

- cenøaHénkardak;sésEdkBImYyeTAmYyminRtUvTMlak;eRcInCag3d

b¤ 2,5 cm

enAkñ úgssrEtmYy- muxkat;énEdkkg minRtUvFMCag9mm eT ehIycenøaHBIEdkkgmYyeTAmYyeTotKWticCag15d .- GRtaEdkminRtUvFMCag8°énmuxkat;rbs;ssr- TTwgrbs;ssrminRtUvticCag1¼15 énkMBs;Can;GaKarkartMelIgEdkséssMrab;Fñwm ³- vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdleGayEdkénFw ñmmincab;P¢ab;mkCamYy. b: uEnþtMNrRtUvEteFV IeLIgCadac; xat

- TItaMgtMNrRtUvenAepñkxageRkambg¥s;éntMNrFñ wm ehIyEpñkxagelIEdkemrbs;Fñ wmRtUvenAcM kNþalFñ wm. r)adgEr:kRtUvP¢ab;mk nigkEnøgrbs;va.

2> kargarBum1 eKaledAénkargarBum


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- viFankarkñ úgkarRCab b¤licénTwkEdlCatMrUvkarcaM)ac;enAkñúgkarBRgwg- GMeBIénkMedABIsINðPaBenAxageRkAGaKar

2>2 ktþaEdlcaM)ac; nigbMrugRby½tñénkargarBum-eQIGar ³ eRbIR)as;eQIGarEdlmankMras; 12 cm CaFm μta. RbsinebIeRbIR)as;enAkñ úgkarFn;nwg Twk

eQIvamanlkçN³l¥RbsinsMrab;karBar b¤Tb;Tl; nigTwk.

- bnÞH panel : KWCaeQIEdlGarrYcehIy/ kþarbnÞH/ bnÞHEdk>>>>.l.


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r)aem ni grnUt ³r)aem ³ KWCar)aénCBa¢aMgeQIEdls‘kcUlCaRTnab;xagkñ úg

rUb4-6 bnÞHPanel BIeQIrnUt ³ KWCaeRKOgEdlerocMeLIgcMeBaHkEnøgEdltUcceg¥ ótedIm,ITTYlrgnUvtMbUl b¤kMraleQI.r)aErk ³ KWCaeRKOgEdlTTYlrgnUvbnÞúkEdlbNþalmkBIrnUt nigr)aeT EdlEckcayeTAshM

9-10 cm x 9-10 cm,

cenøaH90cm

BIeRKOgmYyeTAmYyeTot. vaCaeRKOgEdlenABIxagsMBaFdI.begÁalkMral ³ KWCaembBaÄrEdlrgbnÞ úkBIr)aErk ehIybBa¢ÚneTAeGaykMral. kartP¢a M KWGnuvtþeTAtamemrbs;va.

- Rkv:at;Bum< ³ KWCasMPar³EdlTak;TgeTAnwgeRKOgnimYy² nigbgáarkarhUreRcaHénTWksu Im:g;k¾dUcCakarxusPaBedIménBum


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rUb4-7 Bum5 smtßPaBRTRTg;sMBaFxagénBum< ³

PaBsmRsb ³ GMeBIenAkñúgRTg;RTayénvtßúEdlTak;TgCamYynwgsMBaFEdlmanmkelITisedAepþkénBum>>.l. sMrab;CBa¢aMgebtug


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rUb4-9 eRKOgbEnßmBum


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- karlayebtug ³ eyIgdwgfakarrlayebtugEdlmanKuNPaBx


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- PaBs¥itCab;énl,ayBIeRBaHebtugvamanPaBes μ IKña GBawgvaGacCab;s¥ itenAépÞxagkñ úgBum


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2>8 ry³eBlkarTl;énBum< ³kñ úgkrNIBiesaFn_ersu Isþg;sgát; ³- EpñkbnþénRKwHKWCaFw ñmb¤CBa¢aMgenAeBlEdlersuIsþg;sgát;rbs;ebtugFMCag50kgf/cm2 - EpñkxageRkaménbnÞHebtug nigFwñmenAxagkñ úgénkMeNag ³enAeBlGaMgtg;su Ietsþg;daeRcInCag2¼3(f cu >= 2/3 f ck ) Etb: ueNÑaH/ enAeBlEdlvaFMCag140

kgf/cm2

kñúgkrNImin)aneFV Ietsþsgát;rkersuIsþg; ³RbePTénsuIm:g

suItuNðPaBxül;Fm μta

suIm:g; Portland Edlqab;manersu Isþg;ehIyxsu Im:g; ¬Biess¦su Im:g;Portland Pozzdon (A) su Im:g; Fly-ash (A)

>suIm:g; ¬Biess¦suIm:g;Portland Pozzdon(A)

suIm:g; Fly-ash (B)

eRcInCag20o C 2 éf¶ 4 éf¶ 5 éf¶ eRcInCag10o C ticCag20o C

3 éf¶ 6 éf¶ 8 éf¶

3> kargarebtug ³3>1 Fm μCati énsuIm:gFm μta ³

dg;du Iet nigm:as;maDdg;su Iet = eRcInCag 3>05 ¬CaFm μtaeRcInCag 3/15¦m:as;maD = 1 500kg/m3

PaBl¥it ³KWCakMritPaBxab;énPaBtUcsu Im:g;/ GnuPaBenAkñ úgsmtßPaBkargar/ brimaNxül;/ PaBTb;Tl;nigTwk/

nigPaBCab;xab;. kñ úgkrNIPaBl¥ itvax


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- varh½skñ úgkarpøas;bþ ÚrrUbragedayGakasFatukareFVIeGaykk ³- KWCaGnuPaBenAkñúgbrimaN/ sItuNðPaB/ PaBl¥ it/ sarFatuKImIPaBesIm- Rbtikm μy:agqab;rh½sEdll,ay b¤ebtugGacrkSasNæankñúgkrNIEdlmanPaBpÞ úyKña.- kñ úgsItuNðPaBx2 etsþsuIm:g; ³

etsþdg;suIet ³- Pyenometer ¬etsþdgsu Iet 3/15 m:asmaD=1500kg/m3 ¦etsþStability :etsþ Autoclave swellingetsþersuIsþg; ³eFV Ietsþxat; b¤kan;/ etsþsgát;rkersu Isþg;edayeRbIR)as;xSac;sþg;dar.

etsþkMNk(Coagulation)

etsþkarkkminFm μtaedayGil moa needle, etsþ Bika needleetsþrkPaBl¥it ³\T§ iBlFMkñúgkrNIpSM nigTwk/ \T§iBlkñ úgqñaMsagsg;/ GRtaxül; nigPaBCab;rbs;va.

3>3 RbePT nigKuNPaBBi essénsu Im:g; ³RbePT KuNPaB

suIm:g;Portland

- dg;suIeteRcInCag3>05 ¬Fm μta3>15¦- m:as;maD1500kg/m3 - PaBl¥itvatUcNas;/ ebtugqab;manersu Isþg; b: uEnþrh½spøas;bþ ÚrrUbragedaysarGakasFatu- cab;epþ ImkkeRkayeBlrlay ehIy1emagehIyrwgkñ úgry³eBl10em:Ag

suIm:g;Portlad

suIm:g;Portland Edlman- ebtugmanersu Isþg;qab; GaMgtg;su IetFMdUcCaGaMg


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ersu Isþg; x


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- kMriténkarrYjvatic RbEhl20-30° Cagsu Im:g;Fm μta.

kareRbobeFobénersu Isþg;rh½sekItman ³suIm:g;GaluymINa> suIm:g;Portland Edlqab;manersuIsþg;ehIyx su Im:g; Portland> suIlIkaLx su Im:g;Portland EdlmankMedAmFüm.

4> GaRKIeKðt nigTwk ³

4>1 GaRKIeKðt ³RbePTénGaRKIeKðt ³- GaRKIeKðtRKab;l¥ it ³ GaRKIeKðtNaEdlqøgkat;kERBa©gsþg;darEdlmanTMhM5mm eRcInCag 85

énm:asrbs;vaenaHKWCaGaRKIeKðtEdlmanRKab;l¥it.- GaRKIeKðtRKab;FM ³ GaRKIeKðtNaEdlbnSl;enAelIkERBa©gsþg;darEdlmanTMhM 5mm eRcInCag 85%

énm:as;rbs;va.

- GaRKIeKðtFn;mFüm ³ TMhMénkERBa©gEdlGaRKIeKðtqøgkat;eRcInCag90°.- GaRKIeKðtFn;Rsal ³ m:as;rbs;vatUcCagm:as;rbs; GaRKIeKðtFm μtaEdleRbIR)as;kñúgeKaledAbnßym:as;rbs;ebtugnwgCaGu IsULg;.

- GaRKIeKðtEdlmanm:asF¶n; ³ m:asrbs;vaF¶n; GaRKIeKðtRbePTenHeRcInpliteLIgBIemEdk EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;raraMg\T§ iBlénkarPay.

cMNuccgcaMenAkñúgKtienAeBlNaEdleRCIserIsGaRKI

-RKYsvaragmUl ehIyrelag ehIyépÞrbs;vaxøHmanPaBeRKImlkçN³enH ehIyEdlRtUveRCIserIs.- m:as;rbs; GaRKIeKðt ³ GMBIGaRKIeKðtFm μtaEdlmanm:aseRkam 2/65 GaRKIeKðtEas; 2/0CaGaRKIeKðtFn;Rsal nigGaRKIeKðtEdlmanm:as;eRcInCag2/65 CaGaRKIeKðtFn;F¶n;.

- kareRbIR)as;vtß úTaMgenHRtUvdak;eTAtamKuNPaB b¤tamRbePTrbs;vaEdlcUleTAkñ úgkarpÁú MkñúgkarlayeGayCab;Kñamindac;.

- TMhMGtibrmaénGaRKIeKðtFn;FMKW1¼5 énGaRKIeKðtWEdlmanTMhMtUcCageK EtminRtUvelIs3¼4én

CMerARKbsésEdkeLIy.


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- TMhMGtibrmaénGaRKIeKðtRKab;FM RbePTénkarsagsg; TMhMGtibrmaénGatFM

krNITUeTA 25 ¬kMeTc ³ eRkam20¦krNImuxkat;FM 40ebtuggay 40

GaRtaGMbilénGaRKIeKðt ³- cMnYnGuIyU :tkørIteRkam 0/02 énlkçN³s¶Üt énm:as; GaRKIeKðtRKab;l¥ itsþg;dar- brimaNkørItEdlbBa©ÚleTAkñ úgebtug0,3 kg/m3 TabCagbrimaNGuIy: UtkørIt

- brimaNCatik,úgénGaRKIeKðtRbtikr EdlCaRbtikm μrMxandl;Catik,úgticCag0/6°GaRtaTwkénGaRKIeKðt ³

- brimaNénkarRsUbTwk ³ enAeBlEdlépÞénGaRKIeKðts¶ Üt ehIyEpñkxagkñ úgénGaRKIeKðtbMENnedayTwk/ cMnYnénTwkEdlbBa©ÚleTAkñ úgGaRKIeKðt

- emKuNénkarRsUb ³ GMBIPaKryéncMnYnRsUbTwkénm:asGaRKIeKðténLkñ úglkçx½NÐs¶ Üt- karRsUbs½KÁsiT§ ³ vamanPaBxusKña CamYybirmaNEdlbBa©ÚleTAkñ úgGaRKIeKðténcMnYnEdlRsUb

TwkeTAnigkareFV IeGays¶Ütedayxül;.- GaRtasMeNIm ³ KWCacMnYnrn§EdlmancMNuHenAelIGaRKIeKðtEpñkxageRkA nigxagkñ úgCasMPasMeNIm.

- brimaNépÞTwk ³ vamanlkçN³xusBIGaRtasMeNIm nigemKuNRsUbénkarRsUbTwk.PaKryénmaDTeT nigmaDrwg ³GaRtaPaKryénmaDTeTEdlbgðajeLIgKWCabrimaNéncMNuHGaRKIeKðtEdlKitCaPaKry.

GaRtaPaKryénmaDCak;lak;EdlbgðajeLIgKWCaEpñkEdlRtUvbMeBjedayPaKryénGaReKðt.sþg;daPaKryénmaDtan; ¬rwg¦ nigPaKryénmaDTeTKitCa°cMNat;fñak; PaKryénmDrwg PaKryénmaDTeT

xSac; 55-70 30-45RKYs 60-65 40-30f μFM² 55-65 37-45


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4>2 Twk ³RtUveRbIR)as;TwkEdlminmancMNuHsarFatuKImI ¬eRbgGaRkk;/ Gasu Id¦ Edlman\T§ iBlGaRkk;dl;

KuNPaBebtug nigsMPar³BIEdk.5> kardak;bEnßmAdmixture :

BaküTUeTAénsMPar³Edldak;eTAkñúgebtugelIkElgEtTwk/ su Im:g;/ GaRKIeKðtFn;tUc/ GaRKIeKðtFn;FM edIm,IeFVIeGayebtugRbesIreLIg nigbnßybrimaNsu Im:g;pgEdr.

- Pñak;gar ³ KWCafñaMEdleRbIR)as;edIm,IbegáInKuNPaBebtug.- Admixture : KWCasarFatuEdleKdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñ úgl,ayebtugeTAtamKMeragEdleK)anero

eLIg ehIyEdleKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlMTUlayedIm,Ibegá InKuNPaB nigrUbFatuénebtug.5>1 Pñak;garskm μ ³

AE ¬Pñak;grBBuHxül;¦GacbgðajsmtßPaBkargar nigbnßybrimaNénTwkBIeRBaHGMBIénxül;dUcCasmtßPaB)al;begáIt)an

CaBBuHxül;tUc²enAkñúgebtug.Pñak;garbBa©úHTwk ³

ry³kalénkarsagsg;)anbgðajeGayeXIjfavamanPaKpSMticNas;EdlbMEbksu Im:g;eGayecjBI Kña.5>2 kareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgedayAdmixture Fm μCati ³

Pozzolan :- eFVICaRbePTAdmixture énebtugvaCarUbFatuemSAxniCénepHPñMePø Ig- ry³eBlsagsg;RbesIreLIg bnßykarhUr nigkarbMEbkénsMPar³- begáInPaBFn; nigTwk tMélkal;LúrI nigersuIsþg;ebtugmanry³eBlyUr- bgáarkarrYmmaDenAeBls¶Üt Fn;nigsarFatuKImI nigTwksmuRT

Fly-ash :- enAeBlEdleyIgdut Slack enAkñ úgLmYy ehIyRbmUlGV IEdlenAsl; ehIybBa©ÚleTAkñ úgL

edIm,IeFV UkarrMlay. vaKWCafly-ash EdlRbmUl)anBIPaKpSMRkas;²TaMgenaH.- BIeRBaHPaKl¥ it²rbs;vamanPaBrelag ehIymUl/ smtßPaBkargarrbs;vaRbsinebIeyIglayCa

mYyebtugvakan;EtRbesIreLIg.


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- eRbIR)as;sMrab;Bnüarebtug ¬sMeNIm¦el,Ónénkarkkrwg ³- Gacniyay)anfavaCaPñak;garbegáInel,ÓnenAkñúgkarkk- RbePT ³ vaCakal;süÚmkørIt- RbsinebIeRbIkal;süÚmkørItRbEhl 1-2° éncMnYnsu Im:g;/ vaeFVIeGayebtugqab;ekInersu Isþg;.- RbsinebIeRbIR)as;eTAtambrimaNRtwmRtUv vaBRgIkPaBFn; b¤PaBCab;nigkarxUcxat- RbkarEdlsMxan;enaHKWkarrYmmaDEdlbNþalmkBIPaBs¶Üt- begá InRbtikm μGaRKIeKðtCatiLúg- kMNkelOn ehIysøaMebtugcuHelOnPñak;garminRCamTwk ³- EdlbMeBjkEnøgénebtugeGaymanlMnwg ³kal;süÚmGu IRduksuId/ emSAénf μdI\dæs nigGasu Idsu IlIs- sac;CU/ sab‘ U/ C½reQI- EdlTb;Tl;nigkarhUrecjeTAeRkAénkal;süÚmGu IRduksuIdEdlekIteLIgedaysarkarEjk Fatu

Twkénsu Im:g;. vaCakal;süÚmkørIt elahFatuGasuId nigsarFatupSMK μansrIragáénkMe)ar nigGasu Idsu IliS.

]s μ

½nbegáItCaAdmixture :

- RbsinebIlayemSAénGau uymIjÚm b¤s½gásIenAkñúgl,ay b¤ebtug manRbtikm μCamYyGal;kalIm:g; nig]s μ ½nGuIRtUEsn ekItmaneLIgenAkúñgebtugBIeRBaHvakøayCa)al;xül;.

- layl,ayedaydak;bBa©ÚlnUvPñak;garbk; b¤pøú M edImI,eGayBBuHmanlMnwg nigGayclaysu Im:g; nigGaRKIeKðtFn;tU Uc nigbBa© Úlxül;eTAkñ úgebtug.

karTb;Tl;nigkarkkk³

- edIm,Ibgáarkarkkénebtug/ cMNucénkarkkrwgvaxø wg- kal;süÚmkørIt/ GMbil¬GMbilEdlminTan;eRbIedIm,IEdksMrab;ebtug¦Pñak;garBnüWt ³eKeRbIR)as;dak;eTAkñ úgl,ayebtug b¤ebtugEdlmanbrimaNeRcInedIm,IBnüaPaBkkrbs;va g

enaHeKeRbImñagsIla/ nigTwkekþ A.Pñak;garBN’ ³

vaRtUvEtCarUbFatuxniCEdlmanlMnwgcMeBaHPñak;garCatik,úg.


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6> karlayebtug ³6>1 karkMNt;karlay ³

maDlaydac;xac ³kMNt;brimaNsMPar³EdlRtUveRbIR)as;sMrab;ebtug1m3 edaymaDdac;xat(l). m:as;énkarlay ³kMNt;brimaNsMPar³EdlRtUveRbIR)as;sMrab;ebtug1m3 edayTMgn;(l).sþg;dargVas;maDénkarlay ³kMNt;brimaNsMPar³EdlRtUveRbIR)as;sMrab;ebtug1m3 edaysþg;dargVas;maD(m3) Edlsu Im:g;

1500kg/m3

.rgVas;maDénkarlayenAkardæan ³kMNt;brimaNsMPar³EdlRtUveRbIR)as;sMrab;ebtug1m3 edaycMnYn)av nigGaRKIeKðtEdl)ankMNt

eTAtammaD(m3) enAtamkardæan.6>2 eKalbMNgkñúgkarlay ³

- esßrPaBcMeBaHersu Isþg;Edl)aneRKagTuk

- smtßPaBkargares μ I nigesßrPaB- esßrPaBcMeBaHPaBCab;zitefr- esßrPaBcMeBaHSlump

6>3 lMdab;énkarlay ³KMeragsþg;darersu Isþg; ersuIsþg;sgát;énKMeraglayebtug PaBefrénsu Im:g; GaRtaw/c

tMélSlump GaRKIeKðtRKab;FMTMhMGtibrma PaKryénGaRKIeKðtRKab;l¥it cMnYnÉktaénTwk kar

layminTUeTA cMnuclay.eyIgniyayfaersu Isþg;ebtug28éf¶ ehIy fck ehIyeFVIeday 150/ 180/ 210/ 240/ 300kg/m3 .

ersuIsþg;sgát;énebtuglay ³- TaMgenHKWCaGaMgtg;su Ieténsu Im:g;EdlykmkBinitü nigsMerckarvas;RcLMénsMPar³nimYy²én

GaRKIeKðt nigkMhusénkareFV IetsþedIm,ITTYl)annUversuIsþg;Edl)aneRKagTuk.


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- ERkgelaersu Isþg;sgát; EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;sagsg;KYrEtFMCagersu Isþg;Edl)aneRKagTuk. Binitüpøas;bþ ÚrKuNPaBénebtug/ ersuIsþg;ebtugRtUvmanPaBsuRkitRKb;RKan; ehIyersu Isþg;rbs;ebtuglaytamkareRKagTukRtUvFMCagersu Isþg;sþg;da.

- karvinicä½yénersu Isþg;sgát;énebtuglaytamKMeragGnuvtþedaytMélFMéntMélbnÞab;tamviFI2KW ³ ersu Isþg;sgát;énebtuglaytamKMerag fcr>=fck + 1,64s (kgf/cm2)ersu Isþg;sgát;énebtuglaytamKMeragfcr>=0,85 fck + 3s (kgf/cm2)

- fcr : ersI usþg;sgát;rbs;ebtuglayEdleRKagTuk- fck : ersu Isþg;sþg;dar- s : sþg;danimitþkm μ (kgf/cm2)

ersu Isþg;su Im:g; (k) vinicä ½yersu Isþg;suIm:g; (k) Gtibrma

Gtibrma RbePTénsu Im:g; 400 su Im:g; Portland Edlmanersu Isþg;x> .l.

tMél Slump ebtugtamtaragxageRkam ³


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RbePT tMélSlumpkrNITUeTA 6-18ebtugGaemkrNImuxkat;FM 4-15krNITUeTA 6-18ebtuggaykrNImuxkat;FM 4-13

tMél Slump eTAtamkEnøgeRbIR)as; ³kEnøg krNIbgðab;edayrMj½r krNIminbgðab;edayrMj½r

RKwH/ kMralCan;/ CBa¢aMg 5-10cm 15-19cm

ssr/ CBa¢aMg 10-15cm

19-22cm


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CMBUk5eRKagsMNg;GMBIEdk

1> karsagsg;eRKagsMNg;GMBIEdk ³1>1 bøg;kargareRKagbgÁúMEdk ³

edaysarEteRKagbgÁ ú MEdkmanTMgn;RsalCagGgÁFatud¾éTeTot b: uEnþvamanPaBrwgmaMCag dUcenHkarsagsg;Evg KWGaceRbIkar)an ehIynwgRtUv)aneKykmkeRbIR)as;y:ageRcInsMrab;GaKarEdlmaneRc.RbsinebIEbgEckkargareRKagbgÁ ú MEdkFM² GacEckCaeRKagbgÁú MGMBIEdksuT§ nigeRKagbgÁ úMebtugEdkBRgwg.kargarRtUv)anEckCakargarkñ úgeragcRk nigkargarkñ úgkardæansMNg;pÞal;. eKGacplitplesÞ IrEtCitsMercenAeragcRk ehIypÁ úMCacMENktUc².1>2 sMPar³

bTdæanKuNPaBénsMPar³Edk(B & I)- sMPar³EdkEdlRtUveRbIKWRtUvmanTMgn;EkgnigRtg;. cUreRbIR)as;nUvEdkEdlK μaneRcHoffset .l.

EdlRcalecalnUvtMélGaMgtg;su Iet.- eRKagbgÁ ú MEdkTUeTAEdlremol nigeRKagbgÁ ú MEdkpSAEdlremolRtUveRbInUvplitplEdlplitecj

BIeragcRk edaymanbTdæanRtwmRtUv.- RbePTsMPar³Edkmanr)aEdkmUl (Steel bar) / r)aEdkbnÞH(Flat bar), r)aEdktamTMrg;GkSr

(channel), EdkbnÞH(Steel plate), rIev(rivet), voft, eLasu I(nut), b‘ ULúgEdlFn;nwgkMlaMgTajpþac; x


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karBiesaFn_sMPar³GMBIEdk(B & I)Edk- BiesaFn_edaykarTajpþac; nigkac;begáagenAsItuNðPaBFm μta- dMKMrUBiesaFn_cMnYn1 ¬mYy¦ RtUv)anBiesaFn_enAeBlEdlmuxkat;RtUv)anpøabþ Úrb¤enAeBlEdlva

manTMgn;20etan.rIev- BiesaFn_CalkçN³emkanic ¬Tajpþc;/ sgát;/ kac;cegáagenAsItuNðPaBFm μta .l.¦- dM uKMrUBiesaFn_cMnYn1 RtUv)anBiesaFn_enAebLEdlmxkat;epSgKña b¤enAeBlEdlvamangn;)an

2etan.1>3 dMeNIrkarpliteRKagbgÁúMEdkenAeragcRk ³

lMdab;éncgVak;plitkm μ (B & I)- e)aHBum CMhanéndMeNIrkarplit ³2>1 KMnUrlMGit nigKMnUreBjxñat ³

KMnUrlMGit(B & I)

- cg¥ úlbgðajnUvKMnUrlMGitedIm,IbgðajeGayeXIjnUvkaryl;RKb;RKan; nigeFV IkarTukcitþnUvbMNgénkarKitbøg;edayÉksarénkarKit. TTYlnUvkaryl;RBmBIbuKÁlTTYlbnÞ úk.

- cg¥ úlbgðajnUvKMnUrlMGitedIm,IbgðajnUveKalkarN_EdleRKOgbrikçamYyenABIxageRkam eRbrikçamYyeTot EdlTTYlnUvlMdab;éntYnaTIkargarplit b¤pÞ úMeLIgCMnYseGayÉksarénkarKitbøg;.

- eRKagbgÁú MEdkkMral ³ bBa¢ IrayeRKOgbgÁ M úsMNg;Edk/ lMGitTMrg;eRKOgbgÁ úMEdk/ TMhM/ brimaNén

plitpl/ RbePTplitpl/ KuNPaBénsMPar³. pSar nigeFI VeGaymanrUvragb‘ULúgcopula tg;süúgx


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RbePTénmuxtMNr/ KuNPaBénsMPar³/ ]bkrN_P¢ab;kargarEdk tamrn§énEdkr)a/ sMNg;kargarEdksMPar³P¢ab;.

KMnUrxñateBj(B & I)- eKmankargarKUsenAelIkMral nigenAelIhV Il- RtUvEtc,as;nUvviFIsaRsþEdlmankñ úgkarKUsedIm,IbgðajbBa©b;BIlT§PaBBiess. ftcMlgnUvxña

( B & I)edaysarkarftcMlgnUvxñatedaym:asu InShredder y:agesþIgnUvKMnUrxñateBj eKTTYl)anEdk

Template y:agl¥ itl¥n;.karrMlIg(B & I)munnwgeFV IkarKUscMNaM sMPar³EdkEdlRtUvqøgkat;karRbkYtRtUvlt; b¤EdlRtUvbgç ÚcrUbrag RtUveRbI

R)as;]bkrN_dUcxageRkam³- EdkbnÞH ³ qøgkat;m:asuInkinrmUlEdkbnÞHK μansñam- Edkmuxkat; ³ qøgkat;m:asu InEdlK μansñam sgát;PaBkkit - ]bkrN_esþ Ig ³ eRbIEdkRTnab; nigjjÜr

KUscMNaM(B & I)kargarEdlsresrkEnøgEdlRtUvkat; nigTItaMgEdlRtUvecaHrn§.l. enAelIsMPar³GMBIEDkRtUveRbI

EdkbnÞHsþg;su Il nig]bkrN_.kargarkat; nigdMeNIrkar(B & I)kargarkat;- RbePTénkarkat;KWkarkat;edayhandbill, kat;eday]s μ ½n/ kat;edayrNa- kñ úgkrNIkat;edaybMBan eFV IEdkbnÞHeGaymankMras;tUcCag 13mm.- enAeBleRbI]bkrN_k,alkat;eday]s μ ½n eRbInUv]bkrN_k,alkat;edaysV ½yRbvtþ iCaeKalkarN

¬kñ úgkrNIkat;eday]s μ ½n dak;nUvbNþ ÚlB½T§CMuvijRbEhl3mm.- karedayrNaRtUv)aneRbIsMrab;Edkmuxkat; b¤eRKagbgÁ ú MEdlRtUvkarkat;tictYcbMput.- RbePTkarkat;edayrNa ³ rNakat;mM u/ rNahdwk, rNafriction. kagarkat;cg¥Úr (B & I)- Motch : enHKWCasBaØaénkarK μanesaPNÐPaBEdlbnSl;Tul;enAelIExSbnÞat;kat; edaykarkat;

eday]s μ ½n. muxrbs;vaRtUv)ansMrYledaykarRtduseGayswk edIm,IsnþisuxCak;lak;.- Burr : vasMEdgedaykarkat; ;edayeRbIm:asuInkat; Edl)AneFV IeGay)ak;EbkEpñkxøH.RbePTénkargarecaHrn§(B & I)


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kargarecaHrn§ ³- eRbIR)as;enAeBlkMras;éneRKOgbgÁú MmanTMhMmineGayelIsBIkarbEnßm3mm elIGgát;p© itFm μtaén rIev

b¤b‘ ULúg.- karecaHrn§eRbIkñ úgkrNIkMras;tUcCag13mm b¤tUcCagGgát;pi ©trIev 9mm. kargarxYg- eRbIenAeBlkarecaHrn§sMrab;b‘ULúgtg;süúgx


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d >= 130 d EpñkxageRkam+ 1,0mmd < 27 d EpñkxageRkam+ 2,0mmb‘ ULúgrgkMlaMgTajx= 27 d EpñkxageRkam+ 3,0mmkargarxYgBRgIkrn§ ³- kñúgkrNIEdlmankarekIteLIgnUvsñameRbHtUc²enAB½T§CM uvijelIrn§edaykarecaHrn§/ cUrecaHGnurn§

EdltUcCagGgát;p© iteRBagTuk3mm b¤6mm ehIyyksñameRbHecjedayBRgIkeGaybu inGgát;p© iteRBogTukedaykarxYgBRgIkrn§.

- kñ úgkrNIenAeBlpÁ úMtMeLIg rn§Ggát;p© itepSgKña eFV IkarlagsMGatrn§edaykarecaHrn§BRgIkkarp úM tMeLIgbeNþaHGasnñ (B & I)

- eRbIenAkñ úgkarpÁ ú MeRKOgbgÁú MenAeBlkargarpÁú MtMeLIg. eFV IkñúgeKalbMNgedIm,Ibgáakarpøas;bþ ÚrrUbrag b¤ rlMnUveRKOgbgÁ MúEdl)anpÁ MúEdl)anedaysarkMlaMgxageRkApþl;mkelIvamunnwgkargartMeLIgem b¤kargarpSarcab;epþ Im.

- eRKOgbgÁ ú MnImYy²RtUveFV IkarpÁ ú MtMeLIgbeNþaHGasnñedayvolt b¤ pinn 1~2 nigkMNt;rn§éneRKOgb ú MedayGaccl½t)an.

- kñ úgkrNIb‘ ULúgbeNþaHGasnñmanPaBjwkjab;xøaMg )aj;rIev20 eTA30°éncMnYnrIevsrubmunnwgd muxtMNr.- kñ úgkrNIEdlpÁ ú MedayrIevbeNþaHGasnñ )aj;rIeveRcInCag1¼5éncMnYnsrubrIevTaMgGs;kñúgkadæanTaMg

mUl.karpÁ úMtMeLIgtYem(B&I)- kar)aj;rIev

- rwtedayb‘ULúgFn;nwgkMlaMgTajx


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- bnÞab;BIsMGatsarFatuFUlIEdletags¥ielIbnSMéneRKOgbgÁ ú MéneRKagbgÁú MEdkEdldMeNIrkarpÁ úMtMeLIgcb sBVRKb; eFVIkarlabf ñaMeRcHmunnwgdak;Rtg;cMNucTItaMg.

- ebIeTaHRbsinCavaRtUv)anvatTIedayebtugk¾eday labedayfñaM graphite kñ úgkrNITukeGay)anCaeRcInem:agmunnwgeGayvatTIedayebtug.

- tMbn;EdlminRtUvkarlabfñaMkarBareRcHtMbn;EdlpSaenAnwgkEnøg/ enAEk,rcugsgçagénkEnøgpSar100mm/ RtYtBinitüy:agm:t;ct;nUv

karpþl;nUv\T§ iBlénrlkEdlmanel,ÓnelOnCagsMelg. EpñkEdlricrilbnþicmþg²edaymuxtMNb‘ULúgEdlFn;nwgkMlaMgTajx karP¢ab;edayvi FIepSg² ³3>1 karP¢ab;edayrIev ³

RbePTénrIev(B&I)

rIevk,almUl/ rIevk,almanrn§/ rIevk,alsMEb:t/ rIevk,almUlmanrn§.]bkrN_EdleRbIR)as;)aj;rIev(B&I)Joe riveter, jjÜr pneumatic, rivet holder, ]bkrN_kibrivetsItuNðPaBkMedArIev(B&I)munnwgeFV Ikar)aj;rIev kMedArIevnUvsItuNðPaBsmRsb 900 eTA 1000 M C RbsinebImankrNItictYc

EdlkMedAmansItuNðPaB600 M C

vanwgmaneFV IeGayrIevmankartantwgENnminl¥RbesIr nigpøas;bþ ÚrKuNPaBénsMPar³EdkenAeBlEdllT§plkMedAkñ úgkrNIelIsBI1100 MC.- cMnYnmnusSEdleFV Ikar)aj;rIevkñ úgmYyRkumKW3nak; kñ úgmYyéf¶brimaNénkargarEdlsMerc500 eTA

700rivet - sm< ½n§lMdab;énCopulaCopula CnÞl; CnÞl;mM u.

KMlatrvagrIev nigrIev pitch KWCacMgayrvagG½kSrIev nigG½kSrIev b¤cMgayrvagG½kSrn§volt nigG½kSrn§ volt.


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KMlat pitch énrIev KWmandUckñ úgtaragxageRkam ³ pitch Gtibrma pitch

Gb,brmabTdæan pitch eRKOgbgÁ ú MrgkMlaMgTaj eRKOgbgÁ ú MrgkMlaMgsgát; kMNt;cMNaM

2,5 d 4,0 d tMélTabCagén12d,30t

tMélTabCagén8d,15t

d: Ggát;p©itrIevt:kMras;EdkbnÞHesþIgCageK

cMgayCay KWCacMgayBIcugmuxéneRKOgbgÁ ú MeTArn§énrIev. vamantMéldUcxageRkam ³- tMélcMgayCaytUcCageK enAeBlEdlK μankarCMnYseRcI

construction work (khmer)full

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