contains c, h, and o, generally with a 2:1 ratio of h to o (ch2o),provides much of the energy that...
TRANSCRIPT
Contains C, H, and O, generally with a 2:1 ratio of H to O (CH2O),provides much of the energy that the cell requires, include sugars and starches, can be in the form of monosaccharides , dissacharides or polysaccharides
Carbohydrates
• The most common form of this type of organic molecule is a triglyceride, which is a Glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains; supplies twice as much energy per gram as compared to carbohydrates.
• Lipids
• Chain of Amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Functions include enzymes, transport proteins and receptors in the cell membrane, used to make antibodies and hormones.
• Translation produces ____________
• Protein
• Made of Nucleotides. Contains genes that code for proteins. DNA - double-stranded nucleic acid and RNA is single-stranded.
• Nucleic acids
• What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
• Water leaves the cell by osmosis and it shrinks.
• Which type of transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient, does not require energy?
• Passive transport
• Which type of transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient; requires energy
• Active transport
• This is the basic structure of the cell membrane (phosphate heads make the inner and outer surface, fatty acid tails make the interior)
• Phospholipid bilayer
• The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones; energy is released when bonds are broken
• Catabolism
This mechanism helps maintain homeostasis by keeping physiological values within a narrow range
Negative feedback
• The 3 phases of this are: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain. Produces 36-38 ATP from one molecule of glucose.
• Cellular respiration
• What is produced from the carbon atoms that are removed from glucose during cellular respiration?
• Carbon dioxide
• When muscle cells are working so hard that they use up all the available oxygen, they switch to_______
• Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
• The production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets by the red marrow in spongy bone.
• Hematpoiesis
• This tissue covers surfaces, and its functions include protection, secretion and absorption.
• Epithelium
• One of the reason’s for smoker’s cough is that these get damaged on the cells that line the trachea and bronchi.
• Cilia
• This forms the epidermis, and also lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal. Because of its many layers of cells, it protects the underlying tissue.
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• This cell is found in connective tissue and releases heparin and histamine during an inflammatory or allergic reaction.
• Mast cell
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1.6: Organization of the Human Body
• Body cavities
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelviccavity
Abdominalcavity
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity
Cranial cavity
Vertebral canal
(a)
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelviccavity
Abdominalcavity
Pelvic cavity
Right pleuralcavity
Mediastinum
Left pleural cavityPericardialcavity
Diaphragm
Vertebral canal
Cranial cavity
Thoraciccavity
(b)
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Body Regions
Otic (ear)
Cervical (neck)
Acromial(point of shoulder)
Mammary (breast)
Brachial(arm)
Antecubital(front of elbow)
Antebrachial(forearm)
Genital(reproductive organs)
Cephalic (head)
Orbital (eye cavity)
Mental (chin)
Sternal
Pectoral(chest)
Inguinal(groin)
Coxal(hip)
Umbilical(navel)
Pedal (foot)
Occipital(back of head)
Acromial(point of shoulder)
Brachial (arm)
Dorsum (back)
Cubital (elbow)
Gluteal (buttocks)
Perineal
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Plantar (sole)(a) (b)
Patellar(front of knee)
Vertebral(spinal column)
Sacral (between hips)
Lumbar(lower back)Abdominal
(abdomen)
Carpal (wrist)
Palmar (palm)
Digital (finger)
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Frontal (forehead)
Buccal (cheek)
Tarsal (instep)
Digital (toe)
Axillary (armpit)
Crural (leg)
Sural (calf)
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Parts of a Long Bone• Epiphysis
• Distal• Proximal
• Diaphysis• Metaphysis
• Compact bone (cortical bone)• Spongy bone (cancellous bone)
• Articular cartilage• Periosteum• Endosteum
• Medullary cavity• Trabeculae• Bone marrow
• Red marrow and yellow marrow
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Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Proximalepiphysis
Epiphyseal plates
Distalepiphysis
Periosteum
Yellow marrow
Medullary cavity
Compact bone
Endosteum
Space containingred marrow
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage