CONTEMPORARY CONTEMPORARY AMERICANAMERICAN

SOCIETY AND CULTURESOCIETY AND CULTURE(1945-Present)(1945-Present)

Unit IXCUnit IXC

AP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History

Fundamental QuestionsFundamental Questions

How did American society change in relation How did American society change in relation to America’s superpower status?to America’s superpower status?

To what extent did civil rights expand from To what extent did civil rights expand from 1950 to 2010?1950 to 2010?

Baby Boom (1946-1964)Baby Boom (1946-1964) CausesCauses

G.I. BillG.I. Bill Postwar Postwar

recoveryrecovery Economic Economic

expansionexpansion

EffectsEffects 79 million 79 million

Americans Americans bornborn

Marriage rates Marriage rates increaseincrease

““M.R.S. M.R.S. Degree”Degree”

Family size Family size increaseincrease

3.77 (1957)3.77 (1957)

Rise of SuburbiaRise of Suburbia CausesCauses

Postwar economic Postwar economic expansionexpansion

Great MigrationGreat Migration LevittownLevittown DetailsDetails

Single-family homesSingle-family homes Subdivisions and zoningSubdivisions and zoning Shopping mallsShopping malls

EffectsEffects Higher concentrations of Higher concentrations of

upper-to-middle class upper-to-middle class whiteswhites

Urban decayUrban decay

Second Red Scare (1947-1957)Second Red Scare (1947-1957) Cold War FearsCold War Fears

Duck and Cover “He May Be a Communist”

McCarthyismMcCarthyism Demographics:Demographics:

RepublicanRepublican Conservative Protestants and CatholicsConservative Protestants and Catholics Blue-collar workersBlue-collar workers

TacticsTactics Media and TelevisionMedia and Television BlacklistingBlacklisting

ReactionReaction Army-McCarthy Hearing (1954)Army-McCarthy Hearing (1954)

““Decency”Decency” Edward R. Murrow of CBSEdward R. Murrow of CBS Public OutcryPublic Outcry

Nifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureNifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureThe American DreamThe American Dream

Corporate AmericaCorporate America White-collar jobsWhite-collar jobs Business dress codesBusiness dress codes

ConsumerismConsumerism Credit cardsCredit cards Shopping malls and strip Shopping malls and strip

mallsmalls

AdvertisingAdvertising Brand name proliferationBrand name proliferation FranchisesFranchises

Nifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureNifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureEntertainmentEntertainment

TelevisionTelevision Replaced the radio as new broadcasting mediumReplaced the radio as new broadcasting medium

77% of households owned a TV77% of households owned a TV Helped spread the American homogenous cultureHelped spread the American homogenous culture

Ozzie and HarrietOzzie and Harriet Leave it to BeaverLeave it to Beaver Father Knows BestFather Knows Best

MoviesMovies Cold War-themed filmsCold War-themed films

The Day the Earth Stood StillThe Day the Earth Stood Still Invasion of the Body SnatchersInvasion of the Body Snatchers

MusicMusic LP recordsLP records Crooners to Rock and RollCrooners to Rock and Roll

LiteratureLiterature PaperbacksPaperbacks Short storiesShort stories Realistic ModernistsRealistic Modernists

The Catcher in the RyeThe Catcher in the Rye (1951) (1951) The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea (1952)(1952) The Crucible The Crucible (1953)(1953)

Nifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureNifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureWomenWomen

Suburban and middle-class Suburban and middle-class growth reinforced cult of growth reinforced cult of domesticitydomesticity ““Know your role”Know your role” The Common Sense Book of The Common Sense Book of

Baby and Child CareBaby and Child Care by Dr. by Dr. SpockSpock

Increased employment Increased employment opportunitiesopportunities Growing dissatisfaction Growing dissatisfaction

concerning unequal concerning unequal wageswages

Nifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureNifty Fifties - Homogenous CultureReligion and RebellionReligion and Rebellion

Increased religionIncreased religion Less doctrine, more faithLess doctrine, more faith Fear of CommunismFear of Communism EvangelismEvangelism

Billy GrahamBilly Graham

RebellionRebellion Against conformity, Against conformity,

consumerism, Corporate consumerism, Corporate AmericaAmerica

Juvenile delinquencyJuvenile delinquency Beat GenerationBeat Generation

Rejection of conformity and Rejection of conformity and materialismmaterialism

ExperimentationExperimentation BeatniksBeatniks

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementBackgroundBackground

Postwar ReconstructionPostwar Reconstruction 13th Amendment13th Amendment

end slaveryend slavery

15th Amendment15th Amendment black suffrageblack suffrage

Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau Ku Klux Klan and White LeagueKu Klux Klan and White League DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

Separate, but equalSeparate, but equal Jim Crow Laws in the SouthJim Crow Laws in the South

Progressive Era GainsProgressive Era Gains Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B.

DuBoisDuBois NAACP and National Urban LeagueNAACP and National Urban League Great MigrationGreat Migration

1920s Setbacks and Hope1920s Setbacks and Hope Race riots after WWIRace riots after WWI LynchingsLynchings KKK returnsKKK returns Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

1930s Developments1930s Developments New Deal CoalitionNew Deal Coalition New Deal provided some relief New Deal provided some relief

programsprograms Limited civil rights legislationLimited civil rights legislation

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementBeginning of Progress (1940s)Beginning of Progress (1940s)

Smith v. AllwrightSmith v. Allwright (1944) (1944) Prohibit all white primariesProhibit all white primaries

March on Washington March on Washington MovementMovement A. Philip Randolph and Bayard A. Philip Randolph and Bayard

RustinRustin

Jackie Robinson and Jackie Robinson and Baseball (1947)Baseball (1947)

Executive Order 9981 (1948)Executive Order 9981 (1948) Desegregation of government Desegregation of government

and militaryand military

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementDesegregationDesegregation

Brown v. Board of EducationBrown v. Board of Education (1954)(1954) Desegregation of schoolsDesegregation of schools Overrules “separate but equal”Overrules “separate but equal” ““all deliberate speed”all deliberate speed”

White Southern ReactionWhite Southern Reaction Southern Manifesto (1956)Southern Manifesto (1956) Little Rock Nine (1957)Little Rock Nine (1957)

Eisenhower orders National Guard to Eisenhower orders National Guard to escort black students to Arkansas high escort black students to Arkansas high schoolschool

Stand at Schoolhouse Door (1963)Stand at Schoolhouse Door (1963) University of AlabamaUniversity of Alabama Governor George WallaceGovernor George Wallace

“Segregation Now…”

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementRosa Parks and Montgomery Bus BoycottRosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa ParksRosa Parks (Dec. 1, (Dec. 1, 1955)1955) Segregation on Segregation on

Montgomery, AL busesMontgomery, AL buses Refused to give up her seat Refused to give up her seat

and arrestedand arrested

Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)Boycott (1955-1956) Supreme Court ruled bus Supreme Court ruled bus

segregation unconstitutionalsegregation unconstitutional

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementMartin Luther King Jr. and Passive ResistanceMartin Luther King Jr. and Passive Resistance

Southern Christian Leadership Conference Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (1957)(SCLC) (1957) Church network founded by MLK to promote Church network founded by MLK to promote

civil rightscivil rights Student Nonviolent Coordinating Student Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee (SNCC) (1960)Committee (SNCC) (1960) Sit-InsSit-Ins

Lunch counters at Woolworth’sLunch counters at Woolworth’s Freedom RidersFreedom Riders

Racially mixed bus trips through SouthRacially mixed bus trips through South Encountered violent Southern reactionEncountered violent Southern reaction

Birmingham Campaign (1963)Birmingham Campaign (1963) MLK’s MLK’s Letter from Birmingham JailLetter from Birmingham Jail

March on WashingtonMarch on Washington (Aug 28, 1963) (Aug 28, 1963) I Have a DreamI Have a Dream

Selma March (1965)Selma March (1965) March from Selma to Montgomery to end March from Selma to Montgomery to end

Southern disenfranchisement lawsSouthern disenfranchisement laws Bloody Sunday (March 7)Bloody Sunday (March 7)

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementFederal Government IntervenesFederal Government Intervenes

Civil Rights Act of 1957Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights CommissionCivil Rights Commission Strom Thurmond filibusterStrom Thurmond filibuster

Civil Rights Act of 1960Civil Rights Act of 1960 24th Amendment (1964)24th Amendment (1964)

Prohibited poll taxesProhibited poll taxes Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964

Ended racial segregation in Ended racial segregation in employment and public employment and public accommodationsaccommodations

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States States (1964)(1964)

Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965 Outlawed racial Outlawed racial

disenfranchisementdisenfranchisement Thurgood Marshall on Thurgood Marshall on

Supreme Court (1967)Supreme Court (1967)

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights MovementA Different ApproachA Different Approach

Nation of IslamNation of Islam Elijah MuhammadElijah Muhammad Malcolm XMalcolm X

Originally, taught Black supremacy and Originally, taught Black supremacy and separatismseparatism

Later, favored integration and Black self-Later, favored integration and Black self-determinationdetermination

Black PowerBlack Power Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture)Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture) Black PanthersBlack Panthers

Huey Newton and Bobby SealeHuey Newton and Bobby Seale ““Kill or Get Whitey!” “Burn, baby, burn!”Kill or Get Whitey!” “Burn, baby, burn!”

Public ReactionPublic Reaction Race riotsRace riots Backlash on Black Panthers and Nation Backlash on Black Panthers and Nation

of Islamof Islam

Swinging SixtiesSwinging SixtiesNew LeftNew Left

Students for a Democratic Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)Society (SDS) (1962) (1962) Tom HaydenTom Hayden Condemned corporatism, Condemned corporatism,

racism, poverty, Vietnam War racism, poverty, Vietnam War (“The Establishment”)(“The Establishment”)

Demanded participatory Demanded participatory democracydemocracy

Berkeley Free Speech Berkeley Free Speech Movement (1964-1965)Movement (1964-1965)

WeathermenWeathermen Violent group branched off Violent group branched off

from SDSfrom SDS

Swinging SixtiesSwinging SixtiesCounterculture MovementCounterculture Movement

Hippies/Flower ChildrenHippies/Flower Children Non-violent anarchismNon-violent anarchism Rejection of materialismRejection of materialism Concern for the environmentConcern for the environment

Youth International Party Youth International Party (Yippies)(Yippies) Abbie HoffmanAbbie Hoffman Radical hippies known for theatrical Radical hippies known for theatrical

protests and tacticsprotests and tactics Sexual Revolution (1960s-1980s)Sexual Revolution (1960s-1980s)

Kinsey studies, novels, magazinesKinsey studies, novels, magazines Contraception and premarital sexContraception and premarital sex Abortion and Abortion and Roe v. WadeRoe v. Wade (1973) (1973)

Drug UseDrug Use MarijuanaMarijuana LSD (acid)LSD (acid)

Swinging SixtiesSwinging SixtiesMusic as ExpressionMusic as Expression

ThemesThemes Anti-EstablishmentAnti-Establishment Anti-warAnti-war Promotion of counterculturePromotion of counterculture War - Edwin StarrWar - Edwin Starr

ArtistsArtists Bob DylanBob Dylan Jim MorrisonJim Morrison Rolling StonesRolling Stones The BeatlesThe Beatles Joan BaezJoan Baez Jimi HendrixJimi Hendrix

Woodstock (1969)Woodstock (1969) 500,000 attend 3-day rock concert500,000 attend 3-day rock concert

Vietnam ProtestsVietnam ProtestsSelf-immolation was an extreme form of protest.Here, Buddhist monk, Thich Quang Duc, before the U.S. escalation. A few Americans engaged in this extreme act of protest during Vietnam.

19681968The Year of RageThe Year of Rage

Tet Offensive (Jan. 30)Tet Offensive (Jan. 30) Nguyen Van Lem Assassinated Nguyen Van Lem Assassinated

(Feb. 1)(Feb. 1) My Lai Massacre (Mar. 16)My Lai Massacre (Mar. 16) LBJ Withdraws (Mar. 31)LBJ Withdraws (Mar. 31) MLK Assassination (Apr. 4)MLK Assassination (Apr. 4) Columbia University Protests Columbia University Protests

(Apr. 23-30)(Apr. 23-30) Robert Kennedy Assassination Robert Kennedy Assassination

(June 5)(June 5) Democratic National Democratic National

Convention Riots (Aug. 22-30)Convention Riots (Aug. 22-30) Nixon wins election (Nov. 5)Nixon wins election (Nov. 5)

Kent State University (1970)Kent State University (1970) Student protests of Student protests of

Cambodia invasionCambodia invasion Ohio National Guard Ohio National Guard

opened fire, killing 4 opened fire, killing 4 students and wounding 9 students and wounding 9 students (May 4, 1970)students (May 4, 1970)

President Nixon responded President Nixon responded with indifferencewith indifference

Majority of Americans Majority of Americans blamed studentsblamed students

Emphasized turmoil in Emphasized turmoil in America over Vietnam and America over Vietnam and the youth-based the youth-based counterculturecounterculture

Mary Ann Vecchio in anguish over Jeffrey Miller* Pulitzer Prize winning photo

Feminist MovementFeminist Movement The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique

by Betty Friedan (1963)by Betty Friedan (1963) Inspiration for women to seek Inspiration for women to seek

higher opportunities beyond higher opportunities beyond housewiveshousewives

National Organization of National Organization of Women (NOW)Women (NOW) Activist group for equality and Activist group for equality and

opportunity for womenopportunity for women Gloria SteinemGloria Steinem Equal Rights Amendment Equal Rights Amendment

(ERA)(ERA) Congress passed equality in Congress passed equality in

all aspects of society based all aspects of society based on genderon gender

Phyllis SchlaflyPhyllis Schlafly inspires its inspires its defeatdefeat

Failure of ERA RatificationFailure of ERA Ratification

Civil Rights Movement Fuels Other MinoritiesCivil Rights Movement Fuels Other Minorities HispanicsHispanics

United Farm Workers OrganizationUnited Farm Workers Organization Cesar ChavezCesar Chavez Exploited for cheap labor, especially in Exploited for cheap labor, especially in

agricultural sectoragricultural sector Boycotts in retaliation to exploitation of Boycotts in retaliation to exploitation of

immigrantsimmigrants Si Se Puede!Si Se Puede!

Will become second largest demographic Will become second largest demographic fueled by immigrationfueled by immigration

Neo-nativism developmentNeo-nativism development

NativesNatives American Indian Movement (AIM)American Indian Movement (AIM) Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)

HomosexualsHomosexuals Gay Liberation MovementGay Liberation Movement SetbacksSetbacks

Bowers v. Hardwick Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)(1986) Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell (1993)Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell (1993) Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (1996)Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (1996)

AchievementsAchievements Lawrence v. Texas Lawrence v. Texas (2003)(2003) Same-sex marriage*Same-sex marriage*

Contemporary LaborContemporary Labor Taft-Hartley ActTaft-Hartley Act AFL-CIO (1955)AFL-CIO (1955)

United Farm Workers United Farm Workers (UFW)(UFW)

Labor weakensLabor weakens PATCO Strike (1981)PATCO Strike (1981) NAFTA (1994)NAFTA (1994) Private-sector union Private-sector union

membership decreasedmembership decreased Public-sector union Public-sector union

organizations and organizations and membership expandedmembership expanded

The The SunbeltSunbelt and Rustbelt and Rustbelt Why the Why the SunbeltSunbelt??

Low taxes, warmer climates, defense industries, right-to-work, immigrantsLow taxes, warmer climates, defense industries, right-to-work, immigrants RustbeltRustbelt

Deindustrialization due to globalization, domestic policies, demographics. Deindustrialization due to globalization, domestic policies, demographics. migrationmigration

Contemporary ImmigrationContemporary Immigration PushesPushes

Escape communist regimes or Escape communist regimes or developing nationsdeveloping nations

PullsPulls Seek American DreamSeek American Dream

Immigration Demographics by Immigration Demographics by 1980s1980s 47% from Latin America47% from Latin America 37% from Asia37% from Asia 12% from Europe and Canada12% from Europe and Canada

Immigration PoliciesImmigration Policies Immigration Act of 1965Immigration Act of 1965

Eliminated 1920s quota lawsEliminated 1920s quota laws Immigration Reform and Immigration Reform and

Control Act (1986)Control Act (1986) Penalties for illegal immigration Penalties for illegal immigration

employmentemployment Illegal immigrants before 1982 Illegal immigrants before 1982

granted residencygranted residency

Multicultural SocietyMulticultural Society

Health and Science Developments and IssuesHealth and Science Developments and Issues TechnologyTechnology

Industrial AutomationIndustrial Automation Airplanes/NASAAirplanes/NASA Computers/InternetComputers/Internet

HealthHealth Polio vaccinePolio vaccine

Jonas Salk (1955)Jonas Salk (1955) Graying of AmericaGraying of America HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

EducationEducation Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development

EnvironmentEnvironment Silent Spring Silent Spring by Rachel by Rachel

Carson (1962)Carson (1962) Go GreenGo Green