Contents

Volume I: Exploring Methods and Positions

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIIEditorial Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIIIGeneral Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Part One Methodological Strategies

1.1 Introduction to Part One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 Methodological Integration in the Study of Religions . . . . . 151.3 Field and Theory in the Study of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.4 Philology, Fieldwork and Ephemera in the Study of Japanese

Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.5 Participation, Observation and Reflection: An Endless

Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691.6 Getting into Trouble with the Believers: Intimacy and

Distance in the Study of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Part Two East Asian Starting Points

2.1 Introduction to Part Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092.2 An Asian Starting Point for the Study of Religions . . . . . . . 1152.3 Tominaga Nakamoto and Religious Pluralism . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262.4 Three Teachings (Sanjiào) Theory and Modern Reflection on

Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1362.5 Modern Japan and the Science of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Part Three Structures and Strategies

3.1 Introduction to Part Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733.2 Studies of Religion in Europe: Structures and Desiderata . . . 1783.3 Intercultural Strategies and the International Association for

the History of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

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3.4 Memories of the Future: Looking Back and Looking Forwardin the History of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

3.5 Political Correctness in the Study of Religions: Is the ColdWar Really Over? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

3.6 Difference and Coherence in the World-wide Study ofReligions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Author’s Publications Cited in the Present Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Consolidated Index to Volumes I and II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Volume II: Exploring Religions in Motion

Foreword to Volume Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VEditorial Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI

Part Four Comparing and Contrasting

4.1 Introduction to Part Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 On Comparing Buddhism and Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Comparative Hermeneutics : A Brief Statement . . . . . . . . . . . 324.4 Shinto and the Typology of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.5 Soteriological Orientations in Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.6 ‘Polytheism’ and ‘Monotheism’ as a Problem in the Typology

of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.7 Prayer and Meditation as Comparative Concepts . . . . . . . . . 724.8 Purification and Transformation in Comparative Perspective . 88

Part Five Tradition and Innovation

5.1 Introduction to Part Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.2 Religious Tradition and the Student of Religion . . . . . . . . . 1085.3 Ernst Troeltsch and Gerardus van de Leeuw on Tradition . . 1175.4 Elements of a General Theory of Innovation in Religion . . . 1305.5 New Religions in East Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525.6 Won Buddhism as a Korean New Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.7 Aum Shinrikyo. Can Religious Studies Cope? . . . . . . . . . . . 202

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5.8 Distant Cousins: Transmitting New Japanese Religions toBrazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Part Six Transplantation and Syncretism

6.1 Introduction to Part Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436.2 The Transplantation of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2476.3 Syncretism and Ambiguity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2536.4 Syncretism versus Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2646.5 Buddhism and Shinto on One lsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2786.6 Syncretism in Chinese Temples of South-East Asia and

Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Part Seven Some Contextual Questions: Identity, Plurality,Education, Dialogue, Peace

7.1 Introduction to Part Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3097.2 Religion and Identity: Clues and Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3147.3 Christian Churches and Political Change in Eastern Europe . 3277.4 Reflecting on the Plurality of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3427.5 The Study of Religions and the Dialogue of Religions . . . . 3527.6 Presuppositions of an Integrative Religious Education . . . . . 3767.7 Peace in the Dialogue of Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Author’s Publications Cited in the Present Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Consolidated Index to Volumes I and II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

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