Contents

• Context

• Case 1: Urban Poverty Mapping• Case 2: Community Mapping

Ga Mashie Avenor

• Case 3: Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey• Other pilot applications

District Metered Area E-Governance

• Lessons

Urban and Slum Growth Rates Proportions in Africa, 2001

Context

Constitutional Democracy since 1992

Area 239,000 km2

Population 23 million

Urban population 6.7 Million

Population Living Below Poverty Line 5.6 Million

% of urban population below poverty line 33.3

GDP per capita 300

Capital City Accra

Regions 10

Metropolitan Assemblies (pop > 250,000) 5

Municipal Assemblies (pop 95,000) 32

District Assemblies (pop < 75,000) 101

Number of Local Government (Assemblies) 138

Ghanaian main data

Source: Government data, 2000

Context

Ghanaian urban poverty data

Source: Making Cities Work; USAID, August 2002 and Pop. And Housing Census, GSS, 2000

Context

ACCRAPop: 2.5m (2007 Est.)Size: 185 sq kmMajor Settlements: 74Sub-Metro Districts: 11

Context

Growth of Urbanisation in Accra

Context

• Water: Most slum residents spend more time and 3 to 10 times more money to access water in their community

• Toilet Facilities: Over 90% of slum residents do not meet the international standard for access to an improved sanitation facility

• Waste Management: 60% of the solid waste are collected

• No sewerage system for all city

More than one million of urban dwellers without water supply

Around three millions of urban dwellers without access to sanitation

Ghanaian urban poverty data

Context

Public Health concerns

• Malaria: standing water for mosquito breeding– Ghana had an estimated 7.2

million cases in 2006• Diarrhea: areas that attract flies and

spread disease• Typhoid Fever: unprotected fecal

matter• Cholera: unprotected fecal matter

– In Accra, there were 102 reported cases between Jan. 11-17, 2009

Context

AYIDIKI

AVENOR

SABON ZONGOAGBOGBLOSHIE

GA MASHIE

ACCRA LEARNING SITE

Pop: 9,214No. of houses: 447Tenureship: Family/

clan Pop: 58,940No. of houses: 1,738Tenureship: Stool

Pop: 23,900No. of houses: 1,252Tenureship: Stool/

Family/Clan

Pop: 9,214No. of houses: 1,583Tenureship: Stool/

Private

Pop: 46,699No. of houses: 1716Tenureship: Family/

Clan/Stool/Private

NIMA

Pop: 88,640No. of houses: 2,429Tenureship: Stool/familyCase 1

Case 2&3

• Centrally planned state from independence (1957)

• Decentralisation and bottom-up approach to governance initiated in the 80’s and still in process:

– Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462)– National Development Planning (Systems) ,1994 (Act 480)– Local Government Service Act, 2003 (Act 655)

• Previous attempts at measuring and defining urban poverty done using the old top-down economic focused approach (income)

• Shift and emphasis on a participatory bottom-up multi-sector measurement of poverty backed by technology

Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping

Background

• Task force formation– Economic Development & Urban Planners– GIS Experts and – Statisticians

• Task force defined and agreed on– measurement of poverty at community level– indicators to use

• Planning and Statistics Offices of the AMA - Data collection, disaggregation and analysis

• Urban Management and Land Information System (UMLIS) – Digitizing existing hardcopy maps and geo-referencing them

• Production of thematic, composite and aggregate maps

• Periodic updates of maps by the Task force

Process (December 2008 – May 2009)

Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping

Participatory community level data collection across all themes of urban poverty

Disaggregating data into themes expressing the dimensions of urban poverty

Linking of data to spatial units using GIS

Production of thematic poverty maps

City wide composite and aggregate poverty map

Informing decision-making at the municipal and local levels

Task force formation and decision on indicators and spatial level of measurement

• Housing Density• Room occupancy• Population Density• Solid Waste Disposal Method/Facilities• Liquid Waste Disposal• Access to Toilets• Income Levels• Water Supply

Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping

• Inclusive planning

• Targeted pro-poor intervention

• More responsive and coordinated interventions

• Peer to Peer Learning – replication in STMA

• Infusion of technology into local level planning

Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping

Some Outcomes

INDICATOR Jamestown Ussher Town

Population 17,784 28,915

No. of Households 3,312 5,728No. of Houses 1716

% using public dumps 79.15% 88.1%Access to Sewage 12.88% 1.82%

Access to potable water 41.52% 25.0%Access to toilet facilities 55% 5%

No of rooms 17,139 5,761Room occupancy 5.0 4.9

Population growth rate 3.4 3.4Age Dependency Ration 1:1.55 1:1.55

Economic Dependency Ratio 1:2.2 1:2.2

Top 5 reported

OPD Cases

Malaria 62.1 66.7Diarrhea 14.1 13.2

Typhoid Fever 8.1 3.8Intestinal Worms 14.2 13.2

Malnutrition 1.5 3.1Unemployed 13 13

Case 2Community Mapping

in Ga Mashie

Profile of Ga Mashie

Further specialized studies. Example Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey .

FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features

community facilities physical layout environmental conditions

FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features

community facilities physical layout environmental conditions

GACEED/GAMADA/OACADA advocacy to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium

Term Plan

Application of GIS by CHF experts

Application of GIS by CHF experts

Community validation and Interface with AMACommunity validation and Interface with AMA

Case 2Community Mapping

in Ga Mashie

Population 8,725

No. of Households 1281No. of Houses 447

% using public dumps 31.03%Access to Sewage 2.29%

Access to potable water 28.03%Access to toilet facilities 21%

No of rooms 1209Room occupancy 7.0

Population growth rate 3.4Age Dependency Ration 1:1.55

Economic Dependency Ratio 1:2.4

Top 5 reported

OPD Cases

Malaria 71.1Diarrhea 5.8

Typhoid Fever 1.8Intestinal Worms 19.2

Malnutrition 2.1Unemployed 28

Profile of Avenor

Case 2Community Mapping

in Avenor

Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss

community facilities physical layout environmental conditions

Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss

community facilities physical layout environmental conditions

Advocacy by CHF/NIMCOSS/Avenor Residents to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term

Plan

Application of GIS by CHF Experts

Application of GIS by CHF Experts

Community validation and Interface with AMACommunity validation and Interface with AMA

Further specialized studies into Housing, Sanitation etc.

Case 2Community Mapping

in Avenor

Community Forum with Housing the Masses (HM)

Zonal meetings for Landlords, Family Heads & HM

Data collection, using maps and interview guides

Data processing, analysis

Residents petition to GAMADA for settlement upgrading and general improvement

Active residents engagement

Introduction of technology

Stakeholder engagement to mobilize funds for redevelopment

Presentation and discussion of results

Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income

Housing Survey

• On going coding, entering and analyzing the data collected

Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income

Housing Survey

Other pilot applications of technology to promote good urban governance; bottom-up approach.

• District Metered Area

• E-Governance

District Metered Area

•Unknown conditions of existing main pipelines

•Unknown number of connections

•Passive monitoring of water distribution system

•50% of water pumped is unaccounted for.

• Illegal connections are common and not often detected.

Existing Conditions

• Expansion of the city into the peripheries ahead of urban services extension

• Only a quarter of Accra residents have continuous supply

District Metered Area

identity y_projection x_projection A/C NO NAME ADDRESS12050051 5.58437266 -0.2159786 12050051 CAPRICE HOTEL 12050061 5.58438934 -0.2166584 12050061 CAPRICE CASINO C24/1 NSAWAM ROAD12050071 5.5836286 -0.2160873 12050071 PROFESSIONAL AUTO CENTRE LTD C 28/7 BEH. CARPRICE TOTEL12050131 5.58503165 -0.215618 12050131 ALLOTEY J K WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 53812050161 5.58508747 -0.2152844 12050161 MENSAH CODJO C550/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050181 5.5837177 -0.2098713 12050181 YEKINNI LATIFY HNO C 407/712050191 5.58516869 -0.2152132 12050191 NANA ATTU HSE NO C 535/712050231 5.58513491 -0.2149402 12050231 DATSOMOR EMMANUEL K HSE NO C 533/712050241 5.58515478 -0.2144549 12050241 APPIAH JOE C553/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050251 5.585164 -0.2142344 12050251 BOYE DOE ISSIAH C554/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050281 5.58515771 -0.2137432 12050281 ANNAN T.E.D. C555/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050341 5.58513952 -0.2138648 12050341 ANNAN N.D. C556/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050371 5.58509653 -0.2133972 12050371 ARYEE REGINA WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 52712050421 5.58417678 -0.2086481 12050421 OMAR MRS NR HSE NO C 482/7 OLYMPIS LINK12050431 5.58507993 -0.2127498 12050431 ODOI DANIEL BEHIND C482/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050481 5.58518495 -0.2124286 12050481 KING SAM HNO C 560/7,KPEHE12050491 5.58501262 -0.2123234 12050491 SOLOMON MARY M.D. C561/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050521 5.58512569 -0.211906 12050521 METTLE-NUNOO E.A. C562/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050551 5.58509753 -0.2116205 12050551 DODOO S.D. C563/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050581 5.58506006 -0.2115907 12050581 SENAYAH EMMANUEL. C564/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050611 5.58519334 -0.2113416 12050611 AMOO KWASI C565/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050641 5.58516216 -0.2110335 12050641 DORKUNOR G.K. C566/7 SCHOOL ROAD

Extract of a GWCL Customer Directory

District Metered Area

• Eliminating (inefficient) human element in billing• Reducing unexplained water loss during distribution

Water Bills Paid within Area = Volume of Flow between District Meters (DM1, DM2)

DM1 DM2

ActorsGhana Water Company

Ltd.Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd. Public Utilities Regulatory

Commission

• Easy Identification of areas with problematic water supply

• Monitoring water supply by service providers

Water flow

Revenue flow

District Metered Area

Objectives

E-Governance

CHF twice organized the Urban Forum to build partnerships at the Institute of Local Government Studies, with participants from

AMA, STMA and other District Assemblies

Professional Learning Institutions - ILGS, KNUST

Government Ministries, Departments & Agencies

Private actors Local NGOs and Civil Society Organizations

•A policy brief has been prepared and circulated to participants and stakeholders.

http://groups.google.co.uk/group/the-urban-platform-GH?hl=en?hl=en-GB

• Participants prioritized the Urban Platform as a means to influence urban policy decisions and governance

LessonsUrban Poverty Mapping

URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

OUTPUTS

Thematic poverty maps

Urban poverty definition

OUTCOMES

Prioritized domains

Prioritized geographical zones

Influence on urban planning and projects

design

Community mapping for interventions– Participatory data collection– Discussing solution to undesirable living

conditions

Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS)Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS)

General Information and Maps• Income • Housing Typologies• Public Facility

• Refuse dumps• Public toilets• Electricity poles, pylons, sub-

stations• GWCL lines

General Information and Maps• Income • Housing Typologies• Public Facility

• Refuse dumps• Public toilets• Electricity poles, pylons, sub-

stations• GWCL lines

Specific Uses•Flood Intervention proposals•Housing improvements•Community Facilities

Specific Uses•Flood Intervention proposals•Housing improvements•Community Facilities

Amplifying the voice of the urban poor

Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities

Amplifying the voice of the urban poor

Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities

Capacity building at all level and across sectorsCapacity building at all level and across sectors

Local and Municipal level ActionLocal and Municipal level Action

Lessons Community Mapping

Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

Community mobilization and consensus building

Bottom-Up

InIn

Urban Poverty Mapping

Community Mapping

Specific Participatory

Surveys

Good Urban Governance

Improved urban services

Improved shelters

Improved incomes

Inclusive Planning

Participatory Budgeting

Interface between Local Authorities and

Slum Dwellers

Multi Stakeholders Contracts

INFORMATION PARTICIPATION&PARTNERSHIP PRO-POOR INTERVENTION

Changed Power Dynamics

Improved living conditions

C o – P r o d u c i n g t h e C i t y

C i t i z e n E n g a g e m e n t

Active Engagement of Municipal Authorities to

integrate citizens aspirations into

plans and budgets

Scaling-up

SCALING-UP, a bottom-up approach to real sustainable development-oriented urban governance backed by appropriate technology.