contents principles and methods of electric power conversion semiconductor power switches...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1 2
CONTENTS
• Principles and Methods of Electric Power Conversion
• Semiconductor Power Switches
• Supplementary Components and Systems
• AC-to-DC Converters
• AC-to-AC Converters
• DC-to-DC Converters
• DC-to-AC Converters
• Switching Power Supplies
• Power Electronics and Clean Energy
3
Chapter 1
Principles and Methods of Electric Power Conversion
“Introduction to Modern Power Electronics”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley 2010by
Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski
Chapter 1 4
Types of electric power conversion
DCCHOP P ERS
INVERTERS
RECTIF
IERS
CYCLOCO NVE RTERS
A C V OLTA GE CO NTRO LLE RS
DC
AC AC
INP
UT
CO
NS
TA
NT
MA
GN
ITU
DE
AN
D F
RE
QU
EN
CY
OU
TPU
T
AD
JUS
TA
BLE
MA
GN
ITU
DE
AN
D/O
R F
RE
QU
EN
CY
Fig. 1.1
Chapter 1 5
Generic power converter
vov i
I1 O 1
LO AD SO U R CE
i i io
S5
I2 O 2
S1
S3
S4
S2
Fig. 1.2
Chapter 1 6
AC input voltage waveform
2
Vi,p
-Vi,p
vi
40 t
Fig. 1.3
Chapter 1 7
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic rectifier
io
vi
2
vo
40 t
Fig. 1.4
Chapter 1 8
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic inverter
io
vo
2
vi
40 t
Fig. 1.5
Chapter 1 9
Configurations of power electronic converters: (a) current-source, (b) voltage-source
S O UR C E
LOA
D
(a)
C O N VER T ER
LOA
DS O UR C E
(b)
C O N VER T ER
Fig. 1.6
Chapter 1 10
Decomposition of the output voltage waveform in the generic rectifier
vo,ac
vo,dc
2
vo
40 t
Fig. 1.7
Chapter 1 11
Decomposition of the output current waveform in the generic rectifier
io,dc
io,ac
2
io
40 t
Fig. 1.8
Chapter 1 12
Decomposition of the output voltage waveform in the generic inverter
vo,1
vo,h
2
vo
40 t
Fig.1.9
Chapter 1 13
Decomposition of the output current waveform in the generic inverter
io,h
io,1
2
io
40 t
Fig. 1.10
Chapter 1 14
Input current waveform and Its fundamental component in the generic inverter
ii,1
2
ii
40 t
Fig. 1.11
Chapter 1 15
Resistive control schemes: (a) rheostatic control, (b) potentiometric control
o
R
R rh
(a)
R
po t
R po t
(b)
I
V V
Ii
i o
Vi Vo
I i oI
I
Fig. 1.12
Chapter 1 16
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic rectifier with the firing angle of
io
vi
2f
vo
40 t
Fig. 1.13
Chapter 1 17
Control characteristic of the phase-controlled generic rectifier
FIRING ANGLE (deg)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
MA
GN
ITU
DE
CO
NT
RO
L R
AT
IO
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig. 1.14
Chapter 1 18
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic AC voltage controller with the firing angle of
io
vi
2f
vo
40 t
Fig. 1.15
Chapter 1 19
Control characteristic of the phase-controlled generic AC voltage controller
FIRING ANGLE (deg)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
MA
GN
ITU
DE
CO
NT
RO
L R
AT
IO
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig. 1.16
Chapter 1 20
Harmonic spectra of output voltage with the firing angle of in: (a) phase-controlled generic rectifier, (b) phase-controlled generic AC voltage controller
(b)
(a)
HARMONIC NUMBER
0 10 20 30 40 50
AM
PLI
TU
DE
(pu
)
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
HARMONIC NUMBER
0 10 20 30 40 50
AM
PLI
TU
DE
(pu
)
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Fig. 1.17
Chapter 1 21
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic chopper
tOFF tON
io
vi
t
vo
0
Fig. 1.18
Chapter 1 22
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic chopper: switching frequency twice as high as in the previous figure
io
vi
t
vo
0
Fig. 1.19
Chapter 1 23
Output voltage and current waveforms in (a) generic PWM rectifier, (b) generic PWM ac voltage controller
Fig. 1.20
Chapter 1 24
Control characteristics of (a) generic PWM rectifier, (b) generic PWM ac voltage controller
Fig. 1.21
Chapter 1 25
Harmonic spectra of output voltage in (a) generic PWM rectifier, (b) generic PWM ac voltage controller (N = 24)
Fig. 1.22
Chapter 1 26
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic PWM inverter (a) M = 1, (b) M = 0.5
io
vi
vo
vi
vo
io
t0
(a)
t0
(b)
Fig. 1.23
Chapter 1 27
RL load circuit
v o
oi
R
L
Fig. 1.24
Chapter 1 28
Fragments of output voltage and current waveforms in a generic PWM ac voltage controller
Fig. 1.25
Chapter 1 29
Single-pulse diode rectifier
oV
oiii
V i
Fig. 1.26
Chapter 1 30
Output voltage and current waveforms in the single-pulse diode rectifier with an R load
3
io
4
vo
20 t
Fig. 1.27
Chapter 1 31
Output voltage and current waveforms in the single-pulse diode rectifier with an RL load
e 3
io
4
vo
20 t
Fig. 1.28
Chapter 1 32
Single-pulse diode rectifier with a free-wheeling diode
ii
V i DF oV
oi
Fig. 1.29
Chapter 1 33
Output voltage and current waveforms in the single-pulse diode rectifier with a freewheeling diode and an RL load
3
io
4
vo
20 t
Fig. 1.30
Chapter 1 34
Single-pulse diode rectifier with an output capacitor
ii
V i oV
oiiC
Fig. 1.31
Chapter 1 35
Output voltage and current waveforms in the single-pulse diode rectifier with an output capacitor and an RL load
iC
64
vo
2
vi
0 t
Fig. 1.32
Chapter 1 36
Two-pulse diode rectifier
oi
D 1
D 3
D 4
D 2
vo
i i
Vi
Fig. 1.33
Chapter 1 37
Output voltage waveform in the generic cycloconverter in Example 1.1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
v o (
V)
t (ms)
Fig. 1.34
Chapter 1 38
Timing diagram of switches in the generic cycloconverter in Example 1.1
Fig. 1.35
Chapter 1 39
Voltage ripple factor versus firing angle in the generic rectifier in Example 1.3
FIRING ANGLE (deg)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
RIP
PLE
FA
CT
OR
0
3
6
9
12
15
Fig. 1.36
Chapter 1 40
Output voltage and current waveforms in the generic PWM rectifier in Example 1.5
io
vo
0 2 4 6 8 100
40
80
120
160
200
i o (
A)
v o (
V)
0
20
40
60
80
100
t (ms)
Fig. 1.37