contraceptives conception – time after fertilization and before implantation contra – prefix...
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Contraceptives
• Conception – time after fertilization and before implantation
• Contra – prefix meaning “against”
– A contraceptive device prevents conception or fertilization from occurring.
– Also known as “birth control?”
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5 Categories of Contraception:
1. Behavioral
2. Over-the-Counter
3. Prescription
4. Permanent
5. Emergency Contraception
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Behavioral
• Fertility-based methods– Cannot have intercourse during the fertile time
of the month– Egg can live 12-24 hours however 48 is used– Sperm can live in a woman’s body up to 5 days
• Withdrawal
• Continuous breastfeeding
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Over-the-Counter
• Female Condom
• Condom
• Sponge
• Spermicide
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Female condom
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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Female Condom
• Benefits:– Shared responsiblilty
– Protects against most STD
– Protects against pregnancy
– Can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex
– Disadvantages:
higher failure rate
expensive
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Male condom
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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cervical sponge
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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Sponge
• Contains spermicide
• Protects 24 hours/ must be left in 6 hrs
• No STI protection
• 84-89% Effective Rate
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Spermicide Foam and Jellies
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Spermicide
• 71-82% effective
• Recommend use with other methods
• Foam, jelly, cream
• No protection against STI’s or HIV
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Prescription
• Oral contraceptives– Birth control pills
• The patch
• The ring
• The implant
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Oral Contraceptives – “the pill”
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NuvaRing
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Nuva Ring
• Inserted and left in place for 3 weeks
• Does not prevent STI’s or HIV
• Fairly high rate
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Vaginal Ring
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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Norplant
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Implant
• Size of a matchstick
• Placed under the skin on the inner side of the arm
• 99 percent effective
• Can be effective for up to 3 years
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
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Intrauterine devices – IUD’s
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IUD
• Must be inserted by a doctor
• Effective for 5-12 years
• 99% effective in preventing pregnacy
• No protection from STI or HIV
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Diaphragm
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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Diaphragm
• Cap inserted must be used with spermicide
• 84-94% effective
• Must be left in place for 6 hours
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Cervical Cap
Cervical Cap Diaphragm
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
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Cap
• 71-84% effective in preventing pregnacy
• Must be used with spermicide
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
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Depo Provera
• Hormone injection• Every 3 months
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Injection
• $35.00-$75.00 per shot
• Lasts 3 months
• 97-99% effective
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
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Permanent
• Tubal Ligation
• Vasectomy
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Vasectomy
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Tubal Ligation
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• What is the best form of contraception available?
–ABSTINENCE!• It is 100% effective in preventing pregnancies
• It is 100% effective in preventing STI’s ( sexually transmitted infections)
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US Teen Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion Statistics