contraceptives what you need to know… about 750,000 teens (15-19) become pregnant is us each year...
TRANSCRIPT
ContraceptivesWhat you NEED to KNOW…• About 750,000 teens (15-19) become pregnant is US
each year• 6 in 10 US pregnancies are unplanned• Most teens do not plan on having sex the first time and
forget to use birth control method• Couples who use no birth control have an 85% chance
of a pregnancy within the first yearRemember: • The total risks of birth control are much less than the
total risks of pregnancy!
All Information from Nathan Matza,Huntington Beach Community Clinic, 2002
Abstinence
• Only 100% method of Birth Control• Communication between partners is
important • Reasons to abstain:– Personal beliefs– Medical reasons– Moral or religious values– Future Plans– Not ready for an intimate relationship
Oral, Patch, & Ring Contraceptives
• Hormones work to stop ovulation, thin uterine lining, and thicken cervical mucus
• Safe and over 99% effective when taken properly
• Pap Smear/ Prescription required• Eases menstrual cramps• Shortens/regulates periods• Decreases acne• Decreases incidence ovarian cysts• Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer• Forms:
– Pills (1 pill each day for 21 days)– Patch (1 patch a week for 3 weeks)– Ring (worn inside for 3 weeks)
• No Protections against STDs• To be effective:
– Take same time everyday– Use condoms for fisrt month– Use condoms when on
antibiotics– Use condoms for 1 week if you
miss a pill• Side-Effects
– Breast Tenderness– Nausua– Increase in Headaches– Moodiness– Weight change– Spotting
Male Condoms• 97% effective when used properly
(actual 88% effective due to human error)
• Prevents pregnancy and the spread of STDs
• Blocks egg and sperm from meeting
• Available in latex or polyurethane• Can be combined with spermicide
to increase effectiveness
Female Condoms
• 95% effective (typically 79% effective due to human error)
• Polyurethane• Physically inserted into
vagina• Blocks egg and sperm
from meeting
Emergency Contraception (ECP)• AKA Plan B and the Morning after pill• Must be taken within 72 hours of
unprotected sex (2 pills taken 12 hours apart)
• Reduces chance of pregnancy by 75%• Floods ovaries with hormones and
prevents ovulation• Alters environment of uterus to disrupt
egg and sperm
Depo-Provera Shot
• 99.7% effective at preventing pregnancy
• Given once every 3 months to prevent pregnancy
• Stops ovulation and menstrual cycles
• Thickens cervical mucus
• Side Effects:– Spotting for 3-6 months– Weight change– Breast tenderness– Mood change
Spermicides
• Only 76% effective when used alone• Chemicals kill sperm in vagina• Some work instantly, other require pre-
insertion• Forms:– Jelly, Foam, Film, Suppository
• Should be used in combination with another method
Diaphragm• 94% effective (typically 80%
due to human error)• Latex barrier placed inside
vagina during intercourse• Fitted by physician• Inserted 18 hours prior to
intercourse• Can be left in for a total pf 24
hours• Should be used with
spermicidal jelly for increased effectiveness
Cervical Cap• Latex barrier inserted in
vagina before intercourse• “caps” around cervix with
suction• Fill with spermicidal jelly
prior to use• Can be left in body for up to
48 hours• Must be left in place 6
hours after intercourse• 91%effective (typically only
80%)
Intrauterine Devices (IUD)• T-shaped object placed in the uterus
to prevent pregnancy• Does not protect against STDs• Must be on period during insertion
(may hurt 1-2 mins after insertion)• Over 99% effective• Prevents sperm from reaching egg• Prevents egg from implanting into
uterus• IUD can cause a perforation in
uterus• Can get PID during insertion which
can cause infertility• Lasts up to 5 years• Can be Copper or Hormonal
Tubal Ligation
• Permanent Sterilization• Surgical Procedure
performed on woman• Fallopian tubes are cut,
tied, and cauterized• Prevents eggs from
reaching sperm• Failure rate 0.8-3.7%• May experience heavier
periods
Vasectomy
• Male permanently sterilized• Failure rate 0.1%• Faster and easier recovery
than tubal ligation• Ligation of Vas Deferens
tube• Prevents the release of
sperm• A reverse surgery is
available, with 50-70% chance of pregnancy after
Withdrawal or Pull Out Method
• Removal of penis from vagina before ejaculation occurs
• Not a sufficient method of birth control by itself
• 1 in 5 women practicing withdrawal become pregnant
• Very difficult for male to “control”
Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method
• Woman take a class to learn how to calculate their more fertile times
• Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught
• NFP: abstains from sex during fertile time• FAM: uses barrier method during fertile time• Typical effectiveness rate 75%• But there is no 100% “safe day”