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Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh, Wisconsin Presented by: Matthew J. Zeller P.E. Executive Director CPAM WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 1 of 45

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Page 1: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota

WCPA 2015 AnnualConcrete Pavement Workshop

February 12-13, 2015Oshkosh, Wisconsin

Presented by:

Matthew J. Zeller P.E.Executive DirectorCPAM

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 1 of 45

Page 2: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

MINNESOTA’S EXPERIENCE WITHLOW W/C RATIO PAVEMENTS

WCPA 2013 ANNUAL CONCRETEPAVEMENT WORKSHOP

FEBRUARY 13, 2013

Maria Masten, PEConcrete Engineer

Minnesota Department of TransportationOffice of Materials and Road Research

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 2 of 45

Page 3: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

A Little About Quality

• Several definitions of quality• Varies depending on business• Many traits agreed upon• One general definition

“Quality is the systematicpursuit of excellence.”

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 3 of 45

Page 4: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

The W. Edwards Deming Institute PDSA Cycle

The cycle begins with the Plan step. This involves identifying a goal or purpose, formulating a theory, defining success metrics and putting a plan into action. These activities are followed by the Do step, in which the components of the plan are implemented, such as making a product. Next comes the Study step, where outcomes are monitored to test the validity of the plan for signs of progress and success, or problems and areas for improvement. The Act step closes the cycle, integrating the learning generated by the entire process, which can be used to adjust the goal, change methods or even reformulate a theory altogether. These four steps are repeated over and over as part of a never-ending cycle of continual improvement.

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 4 of 45

Page 5: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

“Quality means doing it right when no one is looking.”

- Henry Ford

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 5 of 45

Page 6: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Contractors Are Businesses

• There are several common traits of successful businesses.– The most common is profit

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 6 of 45

Page 7: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Agencies Represent the Taxpayers

• Agencies should expect the best product possible for a fair price while balancing risk and cost.

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 7 of 45

Page 8: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

What Makes This Work Best?

• Owner needs to realize and understand that the contractors need to make money.

• Contractor needs to provide a product that meets or exceeds the owners expectations.

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 8 of 45

Page 9: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

“Chemical Admixtures for Concrete” 2nd Edition by M.R. Rixom and N.P. Mailvaganam

"The single parameter that has the largest influence on durability is the w/c ratio."

~ Sidney Mindess and J. Francis Young

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 9 of 45

Page 10: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Minnesota Paving SpecificationsPre 1995

• Typical w/c ratio – 0.46• Min Cement – 450 lb• Min Cementitious – 530 lb

• Air Content – 5.5% +/- 1.5%

• 15% fly ash allowed• No admixtures allowed

Post 1995• w/c ratio ≤ 0.40• Min Cement – 400 lb• Min Cementitious – 530 lb• Max Cementitious – 600 lb• Air Content – 7.0% +/- 1.5%

(≥ 5.0 behind paver)• 30% max fly ash allowed• Admixtures allowed

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 10 of 45

Page 11: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Why Did We Change Specifications

• Durability/pavement life

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 11 of 45

Page 12: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

W/C Ratio Pilot Projects - 1995

• Different Variations Were Tried– Bought Water Reducer for Contractor– MnDOT Designed Mixes– Well-Graded Aggregate Variations– ??– ??

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 12 of 45

Page 13: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

How Do We Get Contractor Buy In To These Ideas?

• Reward excellence (incentives)• Reward innovation (incentives)• Encourage new ideas (incentives)• Allow for mistakes and failure (penalties

allowed before remove and replace)

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 13 of 45

Page 14: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

How Did The Transition Go?

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 14 of 45

Page 15: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

How Did The Transition Go?• Water reducers• Cement• Fly ash• Sand• Aggregate gradation• Recycled aggregates• Finishing• It’s a “system”

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 15 of 45

Page 16: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

How Did We Work Through The Changes And Get Contractor Buy In?

• Communication!!!– Contractors need to know what the objectives are– Contractors need to know what has worked and

what hasn’t– Contractors need to be given leeway/opportunity

to learn• Shared risk• More carrot than stick

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 16 of 45

Page 17: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 17 of 45

Page 18: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Where Are We Now?

• Contractors believe in and buy into the incentive system.

• Quality has increased– Ride– Durability/permeability– Aggregate options

• Agencies do not believe incentives are just an add on

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 18 of 45

Page 19: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

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Page 20: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Minnesota’s Initiatives

Performance Based Specifications For Concrete Pavement

• w/cm• Aggregate quality• Aggregate gradation• Ride

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

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Page 21: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 21 of 45

Page 22: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 22 of 45

Page 23: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Implementation of w/c RatioYear Maximum

w/c ratioMinimum

w/c ratio for incentive

TargetAir Content (+/-

1.5%)

Admixtures Allowed

1996 0.40 0.35 6.5% Type A Water Reducers

Type A and Type A Mid Range Water Reducers

2006 0.40 0.35 7.0%2010 VMA and Hydration

Stabilizers2011 0.40 0.37

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 23 of 45

Page 24: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Optimize Aggregate Gradations to Enhance Concrete Properties

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 24 of 45

Page 25: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 25 of 45

Page 26: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Well-Graded Aggregate

Year Optional8 – 18 %

Retained

Optional 7 – 18 %

Retained

RequiredHPC

8 – 18% Retained

Alternate Bid 6 – 18% Retained

Workability and Coarseness Factor

– ZONE II-A

1996 $0.50 NA NA NA NA1998 $2.00 NA NA NA NA2000 $2.00 $0.50 -$5.00 NA NA2010 $2.00 $0.50 NA** -$2.00 $2.00

**ELIMINATED HPC PAVING SPECIFICATIONS

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 26 of 45

Page 27: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Goals of AggregateQuality Incentives

Reduce life cycle costs by increasing pavement life by enhancing

aggregate durability

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 27 of 45

Page 28: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Aggregate Quality Enhancement

• Incentive/disincentive–Maximum incentive $2.00/cy, $1.00/cy for two most prevalent coarse aggregates, partial incentive also available

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 28 of 45

Page 29: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Concrete Ride Specification

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 29 of 45

Page 30: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Concrete Curing

• Probably the most ignored process of concrete paving

• Mn/DOT Specs require blanket cure or membrane cure

• Membrane cure requires poly-alpha-methyl styrene (AMS) 1999 +/-

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 30 of 45

Page 31: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Concrete Curing

• AMS (PAMS) has:– 5 to 10 TIMES (not %) less water loss at 1 and

3 days according to MnDOT lab tests

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 31 of 45

Page 32: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 32 of 45

Page 33: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

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Page 34: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Some QuestionsRegarding Incentives

• How much do incentives cost?• How much of the risk is bid in by the

contractor?• How much additional life is gained by

increasing the quality attributes (life cycle costs)?

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 34 of 45

Page 35: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Contractors will reduce their bids partially to account for some of the

expected incentive to assure being the low bidder

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 35 of 45

Page 36: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Intent of Specification is to Allow Contractors to Optimize Costs and

Materials to Maximize Benefits and Reduce Risks.

• Incentives will be bid in as contractors become accustomed.

• All but impossible to measure how much incentives are bid into project.

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 36 of 45

Page 37: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Concrete Mix Design

•Contractor Mix Design– Typical mix design consists of:

• Average w/c = 0.38• Aggregate Quality incentive averages $1.00/cy

(50% of available incentive)• Typically do not meet well graded incentive but

intermediate aggregates often used to reduce segregation of mix and increase workability

• Ride incentive on highways (high production projects) – typically earn 50% or better of incentive

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 37 of 45

Page 38: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Max of 2500 coulombs at 28 days for HPC

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 38 of 45

Page 39: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

What is Our Future?

• We are evaluating our pavements to see if the specifications are giving us the results we are looking for

• We have been reviewing our specifications to see if we are heading in the right direction

• We will continue to review/evaluate/update (PDSA)

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 39 of 45

Page 40: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

What Has Made Our Incentive System Successful?

• MnDOT Identified what was important to them and developed a way to measure it.– What do you see as valuable and important to

the success of your concrete pavements?• Communication• Not afraid to write the check

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

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Page 41: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

CPAM Goals & Objectives• To provide assistance in the design and planning of roads,

streets and airfields;• To encourage and promote the use of concrete in the

paving and construction of highways, streets and airfields;• To advance the use of concrete road materials by

identifying and disseminating literature and research findings related to the advantages of concrete;

• To provide cooperation and aid to local, state and federal authorities in establishing standards for highway, street and airfield construction; and

• To maintain a high standard of workmanship and product quality by concrete paving contractors.

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 41 of 45

Page 42: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

CPAM Bylaws

… To maintain a high standard of workmanship and product by concrete paving contractors and to encourage sound, lawful business practices in the trade for the benefit of the public and contracting authorities;

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 42 of 45

Page 43: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Git-R-Done

“Don't find fault, find a remedy; anybody can complain”

- Henry Ford

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 43 of 45

Page 44: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Partner (Synonyms)

• Collaboration• Ally• Alignment• Consortium• Support• Work together

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 44 of 45

Page 45: Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota · Contractor Quality and Contractor Buy In in Minnesota WCPA 2015 Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop February 12-13, 2015 Oshkosh,

Questions?

Thank You!

WCPA Annual Concrete Pavement Workshop

Matt Zeller Presentation February 12, 2015 45 of 45