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Contribu)on of the IITA cassava germplasm to mee)ng the increasing demand and future outlook in Southern Africa Region

Ntawuruhunga Pheneas, Chiona Mar7n, Kanju Edward, Christopher Moyo and Chama Turnbull

IITA, Southern Africa Regional Hub, Lusaka , Zambia

World Congress on Root and Tuber Crops

Nanning, Guangxi, China, January 18-‐22, 2016

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About IITA in Africa


Suitability area for cassava in the region

Source: (IITA GPS lab)


About the Southern Africa regional

•  Over-‐dependence on maize •  Produc7on risks due to drought

•  Chronic food shortages •  Nutri7onal deficiencies •  Food insecurity

Good rains

Drought


R4D Ac)vi)es focus on •  Develop improved cassava varie)es

for market •  Biological threats •  Improved plan7ng materials •  Cer7fica7on systems •  Improved crop management •  Large scale plan7ng & post-‐harvest

ac7vi7es


Strategies used to develop adapted germpalsm to different agro-ecologies

To release a variety takes at least 7-‐8 years


Germplasm development The b reed ing l ed to the development and diffusion of improved cassava varie7es in th e region with good resistance to major pests and diseases, high in root yield, high dry maRer content.

Adapted , resistant and high yielding varie)es were selected and released


Malawi () Mlora (83350), Phoso (LCN801), Sagonja CH92/082 Chiombola (TME 6) Kalawe (CH02/0066) Mpale (NDL90/34) Chamandanda (01/1313)

Improved released cassava varie)es or advanced poten)al genotypes for release in 2011-‐12

Mozambique Colicanana Nziva Okhumelela Orera Eyope

Swaziland 48 160 92/I60142 TMS I92/0057

Zambia Chila Kampolombo Kariba Mweru Nalumino


Comparison of infested local CMD varie)es vs local free and improved varie)es in Malawi

(Source : Arega et al. 2013)

Yield (tons/ha) District (site)

Local CMD infested

Local CMD free

Improved varie)es

Nkhatabay 12 17 17 Mzimba 12 12 9 Nkhotakota 10 16 17 Lilongwe 7 11 11 Zomba 6 11 12 Mulanje 9 9 20 Mean 9 12 14 Yield Gain (%) 33 55

But the same study reported a very low adop)on rate !!!

What to do ? 2 hypotheses , either farmers do know them or they do not meet farmers preferences.


PVS by MIRACLE project in the region

•  The main aim of MIRACLE was to improve health and nutri7on status, food security and income of people living with People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) through the produc7on, consump7on and marke7ng of nutri7onally-‐enhanced crop and livestock products, lobbying for suppor7ve agricultural and health policies, and strengthening the capacity of key stakeholders engaged in agricultural ac7vi7es.

•  The project deployed different local adapted nutrient-‐dense crop

varie7es (soybean, cowpea ….) and screening of yellow-‐fleshed cassava was increased, because we did not have yet variety ready for PVS but countries were at different levels of progress .

•  The cassava took advantages of it to use PVS approach to assess

preferences of many farmers


Results of PVS in Malawi

Mpale ( most preferred )


Ex. of farmers per country exposed to new technologies, cassava included in 2012/13

Year 2012/13

Country Lead Farmers TOTAL

Male Female

Malawi 289 158 447

Mozambique 119 79 198

Swaziland 50 14 64

Zambia 289 244 533

TOTAL 747 495 1,272

>4,500 farmers were used in the 4 years of the project


Mi)ga)ng cassava threats (FtF) and SARD-‐SC cassava projects in Zambia

13

Par7cipatory Variety Selec7on method was extensively used

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Famers evalua)ng improved new varie)es through PVS

The farmers did not know the existence of improved varie7es neither diseases symptoms


Many farmers (men and women) par7cipated in variety evalua7on in Eastern province

15

PVS cont….


Sensory Evaluation: Mealyness

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

-3.0

-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Dim

ensio

n 2

Dimension 1

Loc_RomwY_MEAL_M

Y_MEAL_FLoc_Fpam I30040Loc_Gman Nalumino R_MEAL_F

Loc_Elun Loc_ImwaG_MEAL_M Loc_Mchi

KampolomChila Loc_Acha

Loc_Wzim KaribaLoc_JkabTME 2Mweru Loc_Fho2

Loc_LlunLoc_Bban

Loc_MwmnLoc_Mmul Loc_Hkap

Loc_KchaLoc_Jmwl

G_MEAL_F Loc_DmulLoc_Echi

Loc_AgonLoc_EmpuLoc_Lmum

R_MEAL_M

Loc_Kalu

Loc_Emww

Sensory test: mealiness, gender effect in 2012/13


Effect gender on cassava consump)on preferences,2013/2014, new set of clones

Principal Component Analysis reconfirms the previous year results

In addi7ons new candidates varie7es were iden7fied and submiRed to the release commiRee of SCCI

•  L9 304/34 •  TME 579


Opportuni)es coming up require the breeders to avail varie)es mee)ng this demand

•  Due to climate change government is looking for varie7es for food securi7es

•  SAPP project in Zambia is new value chain to meet these demands •  Private sectors are joining gradually

•  Breweries in Mozambique and Zambia •  Sunbird signed a project to construct a plant for biofuel on 20,000 ha provided by the Govt

•  PremierCon Zambia ltd Cassava Starch Processing Project in Solwezi District

•  Animal feed and bakeries have accepted to work with us.....

•  The same trend is coming out in Malawi where C:AVA is taking the lead

•  In Southern Africa , industries are making the same demand for starch

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MAS and PPB for Improving Local Varie)es For Pest and Disease Resistance

ü  Gene7c crosses between locals and

improved ü  Do MAS on ‘clean’

plants at 6MAP ü  MAS is used to select

for ‘minimum criteria’ and reduce pop. size

Improved Introduc)ons (n numbers)

Crossing block Polycross design (second year)

Local varie)es ≈ 60

Seedling trial (n seedlings) (Third Year)

(MAS) (Third Year)

Single row trial ≈ n genotypes (Fourth year)

Farmer/users par)cipatory

trial n genotypes

(Fiph year)


The future of cassava in the region is bright

Thank you


Thank you

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