CONTRIBUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CONTRIBUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DEVELOPMENT AND SOLVING THE WATER CRISIS DEVELOPMENT AND SOLVING THE WATER CRISIS

IN MENA REGIONIN MENA REGION

Prof. Dr.-Eng. Hussain Al-Towaie

University of Aden, Aden, Yemen

Email: altowaie@gmx.de

Web:

http://www.commentvisions.com/user/Al-Towaie/profile

CHALLENGES

Violence, extremism, multi-disputes, disorders and instability are the features of the current era in our region.

Are these our real challenges?

Unemployment & Water Crisis

Unemployment rate among young people in MENA region is the highest in the world.

Unemployment is a source of frustration and it leads to violence and extremism.

Percentage of global youth unemployment

Unemployment & Water Crisis

The MENA region falls far below the global average of 8000.

In 14 countries in the region, per capita water resources are less than 500 m3 per year.

Projections indicate that per capita water availability will fall by half by 2050.

Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, may be the first capital city in the world to run out of water.

If no substantial changes in dealing with these challenges, the whole region will If no substantial changes in dealing with these challenges, the whole region will collapse.collapse.

"Water crisis and unemployment are and will be the "Water crisis and unemployment are and will be the reason for powerful conflicts in the near future."reason for powerful conflicts in the near future."

Employment in Renewable EnergyEmployment in Renewable Energy

Employment in Renewable EnergyEmployment in Renewable EnergyThe deployment of renewable energies around the globe is thereby not only a measure of climate protection, but also promoting sustainable growth.

Jobs are generated in all stages of renewable energy projects, from planning to manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance to decommissioning, and in various economic sectors.

To-day, about 6 million people worldwide was employed in the renewable energy sector.

The global employment in renewable energy in 2030 would account for around 17 million jobs.

The bulk of renewable energy employment is concentrated in Brazil, China, the European Union, India and the United States. The proportion of MENA region is negligible.

Per capita available renewable water in MENA. Per capita available renewable water in MENA.

Desalting Device(Technology)

Energy

Saline Water

FreshWater

Brine

1

2

4

53

Water Crisis & Desalination

The region is running into severe shortages of water.

There are no other appropriate water resources that could be exploited, except for sea water by desalination.

Water desalination is indispensable for MENA region.

Energy for DesalinationEnergy for Desalination

• Sea Water Desalination is:

"an expensive, energy-intensive and greenhouse gas emitting way to get

water".

The bottleneck is energy!!!

5

Availability of Renewable Energy:Solar, Wind, Geothermal

Top 10 countriesby nameplate windpower capacity

(2013 year-end)

CountryNew 2013capacity (MW)

Windpower total capacity

(MW) % world total

China16,08891,41228.7

United States1,08461,09119.2

Germany3,23834,25010.8

Spain17522,9597.2

India1,72920,1506.3

UK1,88310,5313.3

Italy4448,5522.7

France6318,2542.6

Canada1,5997,8032.5

Denmark6574,7721.5

(rest of world)7,76148,33215.2

World total35,289 MW318,105 MW100%

World wind generation capacity more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006, doubling about every three years.Wind power capacity has expanded rapidly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly.

Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power are the mostare the mostcommon technologies, which are growing fast and generate common technologies, which are growing fast and generate huge amount of energy worldwidehuge amount of energy worldwide

Growth of photovoltaicsGrowth of photovoltaicsThe growth of photovoltaics has been fitting an exponential curve for more than two The growth of photovoltaics has been fitting an exponential curve for more than two decades.decades.

By the end of 2013, worldwide installed photovoltaic capacity reached 139 gigawatts.By the end of 2013, worldwide installed photovoltaic capacity reached 139 gigawatts.

For 2014, another estimated 35 to 52 GW will be installed.For 2014, another estimated 35 to 52 GW will be installed.

By 2018 the worldwide photovoltaic capacity is projected to have doubled (low scenarioBy 2018 the worldwide photovoltaic capacity is projected to have doubled (low scenario

of 320 GW) or even tripled (high scenario of 430 GW) within five years.of 320 GW) or even tripled (high scenario of 430 GW) within five years.

The top 10 PV-Countries of Year 2013 are: Germany, China, Italy, Japan, USA,The top 10 PV-Countries of Year 2013 are: Germany, China, Italy, Japan, USA,

Spain, France, UK, Australia, Belgium.Spain, France, UK, Australia, Belgium.

MENA region lies in the sun belt zone, but no MENA country is among the top 10 PV-MENA region lies in the sun belt zone, but no MENA country is among the top 10 PV-Countries!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Countries!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Top 10 PV-Countries of Year 2013 in (MW)

Added Capacity

1 China11,800

2 Japan6,900

3 United States

4,800

4 Germany3,300

5 UK1,546

6 Italy1,448

7 India1,115

8 Romania1,100

9 Greece1,040

10 Australia850

Total Capacity

1 Germany35,715

2 China18,600

3 Italy17,928

4 Japan13,600

5 United States

12,022

6 Spain5,340

7 France4,673

8 UK3,375

9 Australia3,250

10 Belgium2,983

Year end2010201120122013

Capacity (MWp)40,30070,500100,500138,900

Growth (year-to-year)73%75%43%38%

Growth of CSPTotal global capacity increased in 2013 by nearly 0.9 GW, up 36%, to more than 3.4 GW.

During the five-year period from the end of 2008 to the end of 2013, total global capacity grew at an average annual rate approaching 50%.

MENA projects:Added:100 MW Shams 1 plant in UAEExisting: Algeria (25 MW), Egypt (20 MW), Morocco (20 MW)Under construction: Morocco (160 MW), Egypt (100 MW), Kuwait (50 MW)Planning: Saudi Arabia announced plans to spend USD 109 billion on more than 50 GW of renewable energy by 2032, 25 GW of which will come from CSP.

Plenty Renewable Energy Resources in EUMENA

Biomass (1)

Wind Energy (30)

Geothermal Energy (1)

Hydropower (30)

Solar Energy (250)

In brackets: (Typical Yield in GWhel/km²/y)

Every 10 km² in MENA yield 15 million barrels of fuel oil per year in form of solar energy

Direct Solar Irradiance in kWh/m²/y

1 km² is enough to desalinate 165,000 m³/day.50 km x 50 km are needed to avoid the MENA water deficit in 2050.

Solar irradiance 2400 kWh/m²/year x 10 % CSP efficiency / 4 kWh/m³ RO power consumption / 365 days/year = 0.165 m³/m²/day

Desalination is only one of the answersDesalination is only one of the answers

• Efficient water management is a condition for a progress in solving the problem, but without the support of water desalination, the case will become worse.

• Efficient water management doesn’t mean to have a concept and knowledge of water management, but to have knowledge, experience, know-how and the power to implement it.

Time running out for solution!!!!!!!

"Water crisis and unemployment are and will be the "Water crisis and unemployment are and will be the reason for powerful conflicts in the near future."reason for powerful conflicts in the near future."

Renewable energy has a large potential to contribute to the creation of employment opportunities and provide

the energy needed for desalination.

"Prevention is better than cure. Investing in resilience now is much more cost-effective than

responding to a crisis tomorrow."

THANK YOU

!

لكم شكرا

Alto

wai

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