contributo dell’antropologia forense alla … · medical assistance to immigrants in italy the...

FP7- HEALTH-2010EU and North African Migrants: Health and Health Systems

EUNAM

COUNTRY PRESENTATION: ITALY

Participant No.3

University of Ferrara (FU)

http://www.simmweb.it/fileadmin/documenti/Le_norme/10_inglese.pdf

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO IMMIGRANTS IN ITALY

The asylum seekers have the same right and receive thesame assistance of Italians.

The Illegal (undocumented) migrants can access to the services offered by the National Health System as long asthey are granted a “STP code” (Stranieri Temporaneamente Presenti – temporary residing foreigner code). The “STP code” is anonymous, free of charge and has avalidity of six months with possibility of renewal. Anyway they must pay the ticket too.

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“Malfunctioning continued to occur in numerous forms and there were episodes of scant respect of fundamental rights …, including lack of contact with the National Health Service, insufficient health, legal, social and psychological assistance, and numerous signs of malaise among those interned…”

OVER THE WALL. A tour of Italy’s migrant centres (January 2010)

EUNAM

The association between health and poverty is close.

There is a real risk of a greater inequity in health care for indigent citizens, in particular for immigrants.


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Main problems in health care:

an uncertain number of immigrants;

ISTAT estimated a total of 4,235,059 foreigners (survey: January 2010).

+ …number of illegal immigrants

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The percentage of foreign residentsin Italian municipalities ( IstitutoNazionale di Statistica, 2010). %



Year %2002 4.8

… …2010 12.7

Clandestine routes to Italy

•From China.

•From Russia,

Caucasus.

•From Iran,Afghanistan,Pakistan,India.

•From hornof Africa

Landings in Italy

Lampedusa

Barcone con 600 profughi alla deriva

Malta non interviene, soccorsi dall'ItaliaLa "carretta" ora è a 18 miglia dall'isola, scortata da tre motovedette della guardia costiera. Arriverà a Lampedusa in nottata.

Stamattina è approdato un altro barcone con 360 profughi e oltre 700 migranti sono stati soccorsi su un peschereccio fuori Lampedusa

e trasbordati sulla nave Flaminia. Ieri oltre mille le persone sbarcate.

Lunedì 01 maggio 2011

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2,500 refugees from Lybiain 2 days

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Presence of different ethnic groups;

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

Foreign residents in Italy by country of origin

(ISTAT, 2010)

* * *

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Changes in local legislation.

Introduction of the crime of illegal immigration94/2009 law (July 15, 2009) -published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale on July 24, 2009 (n. 170)-.

Uncertainty and anxiety among healthoperators;Fear among immigrants.

…in conflict with European directives...

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Different diseases of the immigrant in Italy:

imported from the country of origin

Diseases acquired in the host country

maladaptation

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Risk factors and health in Italian immigrants

Imported pathology

Illegalimmigration

Unfavorable conditions oflife

Maladaptation

Disease Illness

Cultural factors

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The right to health for all individuals can be guaranteed only by a common strong effort, avoiding inequalities between native and immigrant citizens

EUNAM project can help to understand and, therefore, to provide a clue to the problems concerning the health of the immigrant, indicating:

and offering:

appropriate care strategies preventive measures

perspective of improved health in NA immigrants and, in general, in foreign population.


PLANNING OF COLLABORATIONS

Participant No.3


EUNAM

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AREA OF EXPERIENCE OF FERRARA UNIVERSITY GROUP:

Biological traits and stress factors for immigrants in the new country;

Malnutrition.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

Participants and indicative efforts (man-months)

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

Main objectives:

To describe health, biological and psychosocialwell-being of NA immigrants in EU;

To compare these trends with those found in countries of origin and in other immigrantssamples.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

Steps of work:

1. Description and discussion of situation in Italy;2. Comparison among experimental data;3. Data integration and creation of a single

database;4. Statistical analysis;5. Interpretation and new ideas;6. Dissemination of results.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

1- DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION OF SITUATION IN ITALY:

Personal data-bases and archives;

National and international publications.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

2- COMPARISON AMONG EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

Composition of samples (subjects number, sex, age, etc);

Identification of common characters in different surveys ;

Identification of unique characters.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

3- DATA INTEGRATION AND CREATION OF A SINGLE DATABASE COMPRISING:

NA immigrants in European countries;

NA subjects in their countries of origin;

other immigrants.

No.

Sex

(1=M;

2=F)

Age

(years) Birth place

Civil

status

N°

childr

en

Educational

level

Host

Country

No.years in the

new country Employment

1 1 33 Tunisia single 0 university Italy 11

Manual

worker

2 1 39 Morocco married 3

primary

school Italy 15 Unemployed

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Personal data

No.

Height

(cm)

Weight

(kg)

BMI

(kg/m2)Waist girth

(cm)

Hip girth

(cm) WHR … … …

1 191,4 85,00 23,20 83,20 51,2 1,63 … … …

2 182,4 106,00 31,86 70,10 82,1 0,85 … … …

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Experimental data

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

4- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

NA immigrants vs NA non-immigrants;

NA immigrants vs EU native citizens;

NA immigrants vs other immigrants.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

5- INTERPRETATION AND NEW IDEAS:

general discussion of the results obtained;

critical review on the basis of data from the literature;

new proposals.

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WORK PACKAGE No.1

6- DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS:

meeting;

congress;

website;

original articles and reviews.


PRESENTATION:Participant No.3University of Ferrara (FU)ITALY

Emanuela GUALDI RUSSO

EUNAM

http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/palazzo-renata-di-francia/scale_dal_basso_largo web.JPG/image_view_fullscreen

UNIVERSITY OF FERRARA (Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy)-founded on 1391

- more than 15,000students

- teaching staffnumber: 600

- - Eight Faculties: Architecture, Economics, Humanities, Law, Mathematical,

P Physical and Natural Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacy)

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http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/polo-chimico-bio-medico/s-maria-delle-grazie/image_view_fullscreen

http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/polo-chimico-bio-medico/s-maria-delle-grazie-1/image_view_fullscreen




- Eight Faculties: Architecture, Economics, Humanities, Law, Mathematical,


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http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/dipartimento-di-economia-istituzioni-e-territorio/palazzo-bevilacqua-costabili/image_view_fullscreen

http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/polo-scientifico-e-tecnologico/polo-scientifico-e-tecnologico/image_view_fullscreen

UNIVERSITY OF FERRARA (Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy:-founded on 1391



- Eight Faculties: Architecture, Economics, Humanities, Law, Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacy

- Famous alumni: Nicolaus Copernicus , Paracelsus, Girolamo Savonarola, LudovicoAriosto, etc.

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Paracelsus.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Vincenzo_Catena_016_detail.jpg

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

(Corso Ercole I D’Este, 32

Ferrara, Italy)

Palazzo Turchi Di Bagno (1493)

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http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/orto-botanico/orto-botanico/image_view_fullscreen

http://www.unife.it/ateneo/unife_si_presenta/immagini-sedi/facolta/orto-botanico/orto-botanico-1/image_view_fullscreen

LABORATORIES OF ANTHROPOLOGY (Dep.Biology and Evolution)

After her arrival at Ferrara from Bologna University in2002, E.Gualdi gave rise to the new laboratory ofAnthropometry, enriching it over time with manyscientific instruments for somatometric andphysiometric surveys.

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Lab.of ANTHROPOMETRY

Headed by Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, the FU group operatesfrom a strong basic biological science platform on the following topics:

- Anthropometrics;- Human bio-diversity;- Indicators of nutritional

status and health;- Psycho-social indicators;- Growth and ageing;- Forensic anthropology- Paleoanthropology.

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+ co-workers

FERRARA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH GROUP (FU)

Headed by Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, the FU groupoperates from a strong basic biological science platformon the following topics:

- Anthropometrics;

- Human bio-diversity;

- Indicators of nutritional

status and health;

- Psycho-social indicators;

- Growth and ageing;

- Forensic anthropology

- Paleoanthropology.

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+ co-workers

Dep.Experimental EvolutionisticBiology, University of Bologna


Stefania Toselli

Curriculum vitae

- 1973: Degree in Natural Sciences, University of Bologna (110/110 cum laude);- 1980-1982: Assistant professor of Anthropology, Institute of Anthropology, University of Bologna;- 1983-2001: Associate professor of Anthropology, Dep.Exp.Evolutionistic Biology , University of Bologna;- 2002-present: Full professor of Anthropology, Dep.Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara;- 2002-08: chairman of the degree course in Sport Sciences (University of Ferrara);- 2004-present: member of Directive Board in Sport BioMedical Study Centre (University of Ferrara);- 2006-present: coordinator of a departmental division (Dep.Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara);- 2007-present: professor in the Ph.D. course (Biomedical Sciences, University of Ferrara);- 2009: co-founder of FORENlab (Consorzio Ferrara Ricerche, Ferrara);- 2009-present: scientific responsible of FORENlab (Consorzio Ferrara Ricerche, Ferrara);- 2011: vice-director of the Dep.Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara.

Teaching

Anthropology, Anthropometry and Ergonomics (Fac.Medicine and Surgery); Biology of human growth and ageing (Fac.Medicine and Surgery); Identification (Fac.Medicine and Surgery); Biology of human skeleton (Fac.Physical and Natural Sciences).

Research

- coordinator and team member in national and international research programs on Human Biology and Anthropometry.

Her studies on bio-cultural diversity in contemporaneous multi-ethnic society are to be mentioned in relation to this project. In this field she participated in a multiregional project “Health Assistance and Monitoring for Indigent Italian Citizens and Immigrants” funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (2000-02).

She published over 100 research papers in national and international journals.

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Emanuela Gualdi Russo

Professor of AnthropologyDep.Biology and EvolutionUniversity of FerraraItaly.


Emanuela Gualdi RussoSELECTED PUBLICATIONS (2001-10) Toselli S., Argnani L., Canducci E., Ricci E. and Gualdi Russo E., 2010. Food habits and nutritional status of adolescents in

Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Nutriciòn Hospitalaria, 25: 613-621. Toselli S., Zironi A. and Gualdi-Russo E., 2010. Body composition and nutrient intake of Immigrants living in Italian

reception Centres. Pp.57-69. In: EB Bodzsar, C Susanne (Eds).Nutritional Factors in past and present Populations. PlantinPubl.& Press Ltd, Budapest.

Gualdi-Russo E., Zironi A., Dallari GV, Toselli S., 2009.Migration and Health in Italy: A Multiethnic Adult Sample. J Travel Med,16(2):88-95.

Zaccagni L., Onisto N. e Gualdi Russo E., 2009. Biological characters and ageing in former elite volleyball players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12: 667-672.

Onisto N, Teofoli F, Zaccagni L, Gualdi Russo E, 2009. Anthropometric traits and aging: a cross-sectional survey in diabetic elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr., 48(2):197-200

Toselli S., Galletti L, Pazzaglia S, Gualdi-Russo E., 2008.Two-stage study (1990-2002) of North African immigrants in Italy. Homo,59(6):439-52.

Toselli S., Gualdi-Russo E., 2008.Psychosocial indicators and distress in immigrants living in Italian reception centres. Stress and Health 24:327-334.

Argnani L, Toselli S, Gualdi Russo E, 2008. Body image and growth in Italy. Coll Antropol, 32(2):413-8. Argnani L, Cogo A, Gualdi Russo E, 2008. Growth and nutritional status of Tibetan children at high altitude. Coll

Antropol, 32(3):807-12. Gualdi Russo E., Albertini A., Argnani L., Celenza F., Nicolucci M., Toselli S., 2008.Weight status and body image perception in

Italian children. J Hum Nutr Diet, 21: 39-45 Semproli S, Gualdi Russo E. , 2007. Childhood Malnutrition and Growth in a Rural Area of Western Kenya. Am.J.Phys.

Antropol., 132 :463-469. Toselli S., Argani L., Gualdi Russo E., 2005 . Growth of Chinese Italian infants in the first 2 years of life. Ann Hum Biol., 32: 15-

29 . Argnani L., Toselli S., Gualdi Russo E., 2004. Chinese women in Italy- Menarche, pregnancy and maternity. Coll Antropol.,

28:885-890. Toselli S., Gualdi Russo E., 2004. Nutritional status and quality of life in a sample of immigrants. A research program.

International Journal of Anthropology, 19:81-90. Gualdi Russo E. and S.Toselli, 2002. Influence of various factors on the measurement of multifrequency bioimpedance.

Homo, 53:1-16. Gualdi Russo E., Galletti L., Zironi A. and S.Toselli, 2002. Indicatori antropometrici dello stato nutrizionale in un

campione di immigrati extra-comunitari. Prime osservazioni. pp. 65-73. International School of Medical Sciences, 110th course, Erice, 19-22 maggio ’02.

Toselli S.,Gualdi-Russo E., Ruffilli I. and M.G.Caccialupi, 2001. Study of growth in Chinese children, 0-3 aged, living in Bologna (Italy). A preliminary report. Acta Med.Auxol., 33:83-88.

Gualdi-Russo E. and L.Zaccagni, 2001. Somatotype, role and performance in elite volleyball players. J.Sports Med.Phys. Fitness, 41:256-62.

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Contact details:

Emanuela Gualdi RussoDep.Biology and EvolutionUniversity of Ferrara44100 Ferrara, Italy.

E-mail:[email protected]

Website:http://www.unife.it/dipartimento/biologia-evoluzione/strutture/antropologia

Contact details:

Stefania ToselliDep.Exp.Evol.Biology University of Bologna

40100 Bologna, Italy.

E-mail: [email protected] Participant No.3

University of Ferrara (FU)ITALY

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unife.it/dipartimento/biologia-evoluzione/strutture/antropologia







Participant No.3


EUNAM

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN A SAMPLE OF IMMIGRANTS. A RESEARCH PROGRAM

1) Health and biological and psychosocial well being survey.The main purpose was the evaluation of characteristicsand siuitableness to the new environment of the migrantpopulation, to the different lifestyle and to the socialand cultural stimulus from the native population

2)Sanitary survey. The purpose were to give new healthcare opportunities and tools for prevention to themigrant population - throughthat anamnesis and generalmedical visit, obligatory and facultative vaccinations,clinical tests – and to promote their integration into theNational Sanitary System, with introduction on thecorrect use of socio-sanitary service

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1) Health and biological and psychosocial well being survey.

The general objective of this sub-project was to analysethe biodiversity in the new multi-ethic society ofBologna considering the following anthropologicalaspects in a sample of immigrant population:

a) Anthropometric characteristics

b)Dietary status

c) Psychosocial indicators

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32 41

Gruppo etnico N.Males N.Females

Senegalese 44 -

Maroccans 139 22

Tunisians 18 -

Pakistanis 78 -

Kosovars 9 19

Roma 32 38

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Personal dataEducational level Year of arrival in Italy

COLLECTED DATA

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•Nutritional status

•Health status

Height

Weight

Waist circumference

BMI

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Sistolic blood pressureDiastolic blood pressure

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Height

Weight

Biacromial widthBiilical widthFemural widthHumeral width

COLLECTED DATA

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•Health status

Skinfold thicknesses :TricepsBicepsSubscapularSuprailiacMidaxillaryAdbomenThighcalf

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•Health status

Centrality index

%F

24-hour dietary recall questionnaire

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COLLECTED DATA

Personal datan° years in Italyn° years in BolognaSchool degreeMarital statusEmployment

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QUESTIONNAIRE

Motivation to migrateDesire to return to native country

PSYCHOSOCIAL INDEX

Stress due to negative events

Perceived stressWellbeingPsycosocial discomfortQuality of life

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Another logitudinal study:

•Growth of Chinese Italian children,0-3 aged

•Chinese women in Italy: menarchepregnancy and maternity

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EUNAM

COUNTRY PRESENTATION: ITALY

Participant No.3


http://www.simmweb.it/fileadmin/documenti/Le_norme/10_inglese.pdf


The asylum seekers have the same right and receive thesame assistance of Italians.

The Illegal (undocumented) migrants can access to the services offered by the National Health System as long asthey are granted a “STP code” (Stranieri Temporaneamente Presenti – temporary residing foreigner code). The “STP code” is anonymous, free of charge and has avalidity of six months with possibility of renewal. Anyway they must pay the ticket too.

EUNAM


EUNAM

“Malfunctioning continued to occur in numerous forms and there were episodes of scant respect of fundamental rights …, including lack of contact with the National Health Service, insufficient health, legal, social and psychological assistance, and numerous signs of malaise among those interned…”

OVER THE WALL. A tour of Italy’s migrant centres (January 2010)

EUNAM

The association between health and poverty is close.

There is a real risk of a greater inequity in health care for indigent citizens, in particular for immigrants.


EUNAM



ISTAT estimated a total of 4,235,059 foreigners (survey: January 2010).

+ …number of illegal immigrants