Control of Halbach Array Control of Halbach Array Magnetic Levitation Magnetic Levitation

System Height System Height

By: By: Dirk DeDeckerDirk DeDeckerJesse VanIseghemJesse VanIseghem

Advised by: Dr. Winfred AnakwaAdvised by: Dr. Winfred AnakwaMr. Steven GutschlagMr. Steven Gutschlag

OutlineOutline• IntroductionIntroduction• Project SummaryProject Summary• Block DiagramBlock Diagram• Functional RequirementsFunctional Requirements• Changes to Original ProposalChanges to Original Proposal• Work CompletedWork Completed• Schedule of TasksSchedule of Tasks• PatentsPatents• ReferencesReferences

IntroductionIntroduction• Maglev suspension Maglev suspension

technology can be technology can be used in high speed used in high speed train applicationstrain applications

• Maglev suspension Maglev suspension allows trains to allows trains to accelerate to over accelerate to over 300 mph and 300 mph and reduces reduces maintenance by maintenance by almost eliminating almost eliminating moving partsmoving parts

Previous WorkPrevious Work

• Dr. Sam Gurol and Dr. Sam Gurol and Dr. Post have Dr. Post have worked on “The worked on “The General Atomics General Atomics Low Speed Urban Low Speed Urban Maglev Technology Maglev Technology Development Development Program” utilizing Program” utilizing the rotary track the rotary track methodmethod

Previous Work Cont.Previous Work Cont.

• Work by Paul Friend in 2004Work by Paul Friend in 2004– Levitation EquationsLevitation Equations– Matlab GUIMatlab GUI

• Work by Glenn Zomchek in 2007Work by Glenn Zomchek in 2007– Design of system using Inductrack Design of system using Inductrack

methodmethod– Successful levitation to .45 mm.Successful levitation to .45 mm.

Project SummaryProject Summary

• The goals of our project are:The goals of our project are:– Improve upon system used in previous Improve upon system used in previous

yearsyears– Demonstrate successful levitationDemonstrate successful levitation

Original System Block Diagram

Functional Requirements

• Halbach Array Requirements:Halbach Array Requirements:– 6 mm cube magnets shall be used to create 6 mm cube magnets shall be used to create

the Halbach arrays.the Halbach arrays.– Each magnet shall have peak strength of 1.21 Each magnet shall have peak strength of 1.21

Tesla.Tesla.– A Halbach array of 5 by 25 magnets shall be A Halbach array of 5 by 25 magnets shall be

constructed.constructed.• Wavelength of 28 mm

• Total length, with glue, of approximately 175mm

• Total width, with glue, of approximately 30 mm

Functional Requirements Cont.

•A new wheel shall be fabricated with a radius of 9 inches

•A new aluminum Inductrack shall be fabricated with 4 mm conducting strips with 1 mm spacing between the strips

Changes to Original Proposal•We will focusing on the levitation of

our magnet device

•We will not be setting up closed loop control of our system– Not enough time this year to order new

controller and model the controller and engine

– Working through equations and getting parts manufactured has taken longer than expected

Work Completed

•Ran Matlab GUI and worked equations to decide final parameters

•Parts ordered and arrived:– Copper sheet for track– Magnets– Block of LDPE for wheel– Balsa wood for train

Work Completed Cont.

•Designed and cut balsa wood device to house magnets

Magnets will go here

Work Completed Cont.

•Magnet device shall be array of 5 by 25 magnets

•Makes our arc length approximately 8”, with an angle of 25 degrees to either side– cos(25) = .9063– Arc length s = 9*0.436 = 3.93

•This arc length keeps 90% of the force in the vertical direction

Work Completed Cont.

Θ

Fi

Fv = Fi*cos(Θ)

Force Diagram

Work Completed Cont.

•Drawings of track and wheel produced in ProE and AutoCad

•These drawings were sent off to machining companies to get estimates

Work Completed Cont.•Decided to switch from aluminum track

to copper– Lower resistivity of copper(Cu = 1.68x10-8

Ω*m, Al = 2.82x10-8 Ω*m) causes resistance to decrease, thus increasing the Lift/Drag ratio•R = PcRc/(Nt*c*Ns) , where Rc is the resistivity

•Lift/Drag – 2*π*v/λ*(L/R)

•Aluminum Lift/Drag ratio = 0.102

•Copper Lift/Drag ratio = 0.171

– Allows for levitation at lower speeds

Work Competed Cont.•Copper Sheet:

– To maximize lift, a large To maximize lift, a large amount of inductance and amount of inductance and low resistance is desiredlow resistance is desired

– L = L = μμ0 0 w/(2kdw/(2kdcc) , where d) , where dcc is is the center to center the center to center spacing of conducting spacing of conducting strips and w is the track strips and w is the track width width

– Narrow, wide slits are Narrow, wide slits are desired to increase Ldesired to increase L

Work Completed Cont.

•LDPE Wheel:

•Used low density in order to help decrease mass of wheel

Work Completed Cont.

•Called machining companies to get estimates on machining of wheel and track– Decided on Tri-City Machining. After we

drop them off, parts will be machined in approximately one week

•Weekly updates added to webpage

Schedule of TasksSchedule of Tasks

• Get parts machined at machine shopGet parts machined at machine shop

• Glue magnets into balsa woodGlue magnets into balsa wood

• Design safety measures for systemDesign safety measures for system

• Put together wheel, track, motor, and Put together wheel, track, motor, and magnet array devicemagnet array device

• Test system for levitationTest system for levitation

Applicable PatentsApplicable Patents• Richard F. PostRichard F. Post

Magnetic Levitation System for Moving Magnetic Levitation System for Moving ObjectsObjectsU.S. Patent 5,722,326U.S. Patent 5,722,326March 3, 1998March 3, 1998

• Richard F. PostRichard F. PostInductrack Magnet ConfigurationInductrack Magnet ConfigurationU.S. Patent 6,633,217 B2U.S. Patent 6,633,217 B2October 14, 2003October 14, 2003

• Richard F. PostRichard F. PostInductrack ConfigurationInductrack ConfigurationU.S. Patent 629,503 B2U.S. Patent 629,503 B2October 7, 2003October 7, 2003

• Richard F. PostRichard F. PostLaminated Track Design for Inductrack Laminated Track Design for Inductrack Maglev SystemMaglev SystemU.S. Patent Pending US 2003/0112105 U.S. Patent Pending US 2003/0112105 A1A1June 19, 2003June 19, 2003

• Coffey; Howard T.Coffey; Howard T.Propulsion and stabilization for magnetically Propulsion and stabilization for magnetically levitated vehicleslevitated vehiclesU.S. Patent 5,222,436U.S. Patent 5,222,436June 29, 2003June 29, 2003

• Coffey; Howard T.Coffey; Howard T.Magnetic Levitation configuration Magnetic Levitation configuration incorporating levitation,incorporating levitation,guidance and linear synchronous motorguidance and linear synchronous motorU.S. Patent 5,253,592U.S. Patent 5,253,592October 19, 1993October 19, 1993

• Levi;Enrico; Zabar;ZivanLevi;Enrico; Zabar;ZivanAir cored, linear induction motor for Air cored, linear induction motor for magnetically levitatedmagnetically levitatedsystemssystemsU.S. Patent 5,270,593U.S. Patent 5,270,593November 10, 1992November 10, 1992

• Lamb; Karl J. ; Merrill; Toby ; Gossage; Scott Lamb; Karl J. ; Merrill; Toby ; Gossage; Scott D. ; Sparks;D. ; Sparks;Michael T. ;Barrett; Michael S.Michael T. ;Barrett; Michael S.U.S. Patent 6,510,799U.S. Patent 6,510,799January 28, 2003January 28, 2003

Works ConsultedWorks Consulted

• Glenn Zomchek. Senior Project. “Redesign of a Rotary Inductrack for Glenn Zomchek. Senior Project. “Redesign of a Rotary Inductrack for Magnetic Levitation Train Demonstration.” Final Report, 2007.Magnetic Levitation Train Demonstration.” Final Report, 2007.

• Paul Friend. Senior Project. Magnetic Levitation Technology 1. Final Report, Paul Friend. Senior Project. Magnetic Levitation Technology 1. Final Report, 2004.2004.

• Gurol, Sam. E-mail (Private Conversation)Gurol, Sam. E-mail (Private Conversation)

• Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack Approach to Magnetic Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack Approach to Magnetic Levitation,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.Levitation,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

• Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack: A Simpler Approach to Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack: A Simpler Approach to Magnetic Levitaiton,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.Magnetic Levitaiton,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

• Post, Richard F., Sam Gurol, and Bob Baldi. "The General Atomics Low Speed Post, Richard F., Sam Gurol, and Bob Baldi. "The General Atomics Low Speed Urban Maglev Technology Development Program." Lawrence Livermore Urban Maglev Technology Development Program." Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and General Atomics.National Laboratory and General Atomics.