CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY

“LOCKOUT/TAGOUT” (LOTO)

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT

The OSHA Standard for the Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) 29 CFR 1910.147 covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected start-up or the release of stored energy could cause injury to employees.

WHAT IS LOCKOUT/TAGOUT?

• “LOTO” is a technique used to prevent energy from being released during the servicing of equipment. This is accomplished by placing locks on energy isolation devices prior to starting work.

TYPES OF ENERGY

• CHEMICAL• ELECTRICAL• HYDRAULIC• MECHANICAL• THERMAL• PNEUMATIC Some energy sources can be turned on/off. Others can only be dissipated or controlled.

CHEMICAL

• HAS ENERGY THAT CAN START FIRES, CAUSE SKIN BURNS, GENERATE HARMFUL GASES OR FUMES

• BEFORE WORKING-RELEASE, DRAIN OR VENT CHEMICALS SAFELY

Electrical• AS LOW AS 30 VOLTS

CAN CARRY ENOUGH CURRENT TO KILL

• USE NON-CONDUCTING TOOLS

• DISCHARGE ALL CAPACITORS AFETR LOCKOUT

• ENSURE ALL CONTROL POWER IS DE-ENERGIZED

• LOCK & TAG SOURCE BREAKERS NOT SWITCHES

• STORED POTENTIAL ENERGY CAN BE RELEASED DURING WORK CAUSING INJURY OR DEATH

• CHECK CIRCUTS DEAD BEFORE WORKING

HYDRAULIC

• ENERGY OF LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE

• RELIEVE PRESSURE SLOWLY INTO A PROPER CONTAINER

• RAPID RELEASE CAN CAUSE INJURY• PRESSURE CAN CAUSE EQUIPMENT

TO MOVE

MECHANICAL• KINETIC-IN MOTION• ENERGY OF MOVING MACHINERY CAN

CAUSE, AMPUTATIONS, LACERATIONS, FRACTURES & LOSS OF LIFE

• POTENTIAL-STORED ENERGY

THERMAL

• ENERGY OF HEAT (& COLD)• HOT EQUIPMENT & FLUIDSD WILL BURN

YOU• COLD FLUIDS CAN CAUSE INJURY ALSO• QUICK RELEASE OF COMPRESSED GASES

CAN FREEZE YOUR SKIN• ALLOW EQUIPMENT TO REACH A SAFE

TEMPERATURE BEFORE STARTING WORK

PNEUMATIC• ENERGY OF COMPRESSED GASES• - UNCONTROLLED RELEASE CAN

CAUSE INJURY• -RAPID DE-PRESSURIZATION

CREATES EXTREME LOW TEMPERATURE

• PROPERLY VENT ALL SYSTEMS BEFORE STARTING WORK

FIRST STEPS IN LOTO

KNOW YOUR EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS: • hazards • isolation points • procedures

Working on unfamiliar machinery is a hazard

WHAT YOU NEED FOR LOTO

• WRITTEN LOTO SCHEDULE• LOCKS & TAGS-IDENTIFIED FOR THE

WORKER• HASPS-FOR PLACING LOCKS & TAGS• BREAKER CLIPS-FOR ELECTRICAL LOTO• BLANK FLANGES-FOR FLUID LINES• VALVE COVERS-FOR LOTO OF VALVES• PLUG BUCKETS-FOR ELECTRICAL PLUGS

WHO CAN REMOVE LOCKS & TAGS???

• ONLY THE EMPLOYEE WHO PLACED THE TAG “OR” A SUPERVISOR, AFTER OBTAINING PERMISSION FROM THE WORKER WHO PLACED THE TAG

• EACH PERSON WORKING ON THE EQUIPMENT MUST PLACE THEIR OWN LOCKS & TAGS TO ENSURE THEIR SAFETY, EVEN IF THE EQUIPMENT ALREADY HAS A LOCK & TAG ON IT.

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT: SHIFT CHANGES

1. If servicing lasts more than one shift, lockout/tagout protection must not be interrupted.

2. When the employee who applied device is not there to remove it, it can be removed only in an emergency and only under the direction of the supervisor.

LOTO PROTECTS YOU!!!

• USE PROPER PROCEDURES….

• PLEASE BE CAREFUL WHEN WORKING ON EQUIPMENT

How Injuries Occur During the Servicing of Equipment?

– 80% failed to turn off equipment

– 10% equipment activated by someone else

– 5% failed to control potential energy

– Most of remaining 5% disconnected power but failed to verify effectiveness

WHEN IS LOTO APPLIED?

• Adjusting• Inspecting• Modifying• Replacing parts

• There are some situations where LOTO is not required…

• Clearing jams• Lubricating• Cleaning• Tool changes

EXCEPTIONS TO LOTO

• Normal production operations• Routine, repetitive, & integral to production• Guards/safety devices not bypassed• Body part not placed in the point of operation or

other dangerous area during machine cycle• Need to use alternative measures for protection

• Cord & plug connected equipment• Plug is only source of energy• Plug is under continuous control of one person

GENERAL LOTO PROCEDURESTEP 1

ID Energy Sources

STEP 2 Notify Others

STEP 3 Shutdown Equipment

STEP 4 Isolate

Equipment

STEP 5 LOTO

Equipment

STEP 6Release

Stored Energy

STEP 7Verify

Isolation

STEP 8 Perform

Servicing

STEP 9 Release from

LOTO

LOCKOUT/TAGOUTTYPES OF DEVICES

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES

Durable – Lockout and tagout devices must withstand the environment to which they are exposed for the maximum duration of the expected exposure. Tagout devices must be constructed and printed so that they do not deteriorate or become illegible, especially when used in corrosive or wet environments.

DEFINITIONS:Energy Isolating Device - A mechanical device that

physically prevents the transmission or release of energy.

Energy Control Procedure - Safety program adopted by the employer that includes energy control procedures plus provisions for inspecting the procedures and training employees for lockout/tagout.

Authorized Employee - one who locks out machines or equipment in order to perform the servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment.

Affected Employee - one whose job requires him/her to operate or use a machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout, or whose job requires him/her to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed.

TIDBITS OF INFORMATION:

1. Never attempt lockout/tagout procedures unless you have been trained and certified by your employer under an approved Energy Control Program.

2. Never loan or share your lock, combination, or key with anybody else.

3. Always be sure all lockout/tagout devices are compatible with the environment in which they will be used i.e. corrosive, humid, etc.

SUMMARY• All hazardous energy sources must be controlled

(kinetic & potential).• Control via energy isolation device (do not rely

on control circuit).• Only use designated lock for LOTO.• Tags must accompany all locks.• Nine-step general procedure – remember to

verify isolation.• Protection must be ensured during special

situations.• OSHA STANDARD….1910.147