AUTOMATIC WATER PUMP USING 8051

Drawbacks of manual method.

Error due to human.Error due to time wasted in opening and closing of valves.So there is a need of automatic(human less) system to increase the accuracy.

Working of manual method.The purpose of this system is to maintain the liquid level (h) in the tank as close to the desired liquid level H as possible, even when the output flow rate is varied by opening the valve.In manual method a human controls the liquid level close to the desired level using a sight tube. Using sight tube human compares the present level by the desired level and adjust the valve accordingly.

Working of automatic method.In the automatic method human is replaced by a controller to increase the accuracy. The liquid level is sensed by a float and sensed level is then fed to the controller, controller compares the sensed level with desired level and error signal is generated, according to that error signal actuator controls the output valve.

Apparatus-:1.Watertank2.Atmega 328 microcontroller3.Spdt relay4.Capacitors5.Resistor6.Crystal7. Motor/ Pump9.Rectifier ( DB 104 )10.C828 transistor11.Transformer12.LM 306 voltage regulator

Controll Circuit Diagram

PROGRAMMING

int motor = 2;int lowerbotom,lowertop,upperbotom,uppertop,voltage;void setup() { pinMode(motor,OUTPUT); digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);}void loop() {analogReference(DEFAULT); lowerbotom = analogRead(A0); lowertop = analogRead(A1); upperbotom = analogRead(A2); uppertop = analogRead(A3); voltage = analogRead(A3/2.8); if(500>lowerbotom)digitalWrite(7,HIGH);else digitalWrite(7,LOW); if(500>lowertop)digitalWrite(8,HIGH);else digitalWrite(8,LOW); if(500>upperbotom)digitalWrite(10,HIGH);else digitalWrite(10,LOW); if(500>uppertop)digitalWrite(9,HIGH);else digitalWrite(9,LOW);

if(300upperbotom){digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);}

}

DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUIT & COMPONENTS1.Transformer-: To step down voltage from 230v to 12v(A.C).2.Rectifier-: Bridge rectifier is used to convert 12v ac into D.C.3.capacitor-: To filter the rectifier output supply.4.AN7805-: To get regulated 5v dc supply for controller.5.8051(microcontroller)-: to sence the position of magnetic sensor.6.crystal-: it is use for controller operation.7.Magnetic sensor-: It is just a switch . When magnet comes near it, the sensor switch will be close.

8.BC547(transistor)-: it will give the 12v d.c. current to the relay when it gets the signal from microcontroller.9.SPDT relay-: It will switch the motor when it gets the power from transistor.10.resistor-: to limit the base current of BC547.11.motor+pump-: to suck the water from the ground and send it for fill the watertank. Application-:1.This system can be used anywhere ,where water pump are used to fill the water tank.For example-:-residential buildings-Municipality water supply service-industries

Advantages-:1.Fully automatic service , so there is no need of mankind.2.Low power consuption circuit.3.Easy to construct.4.Low coast.5.Reliability6.Less chances of failureTHANK YOU