controller free kinesis

8/8/2019 Controller Free Kinesis

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Praxis Business School

Controller-Free Kinesis

A report

Submitted to

Prof. Prithwis Mukherjee

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course

(BIS - 2010)

On November 7, 2010

By

Bhavna Bhaswati

B10006

PGP I


2/14

ABSTRACT

The

d Ki

esis is

eek

d

hich

eans

ti

n

ement. C

nt

ller-free Kinesisrefers

t

making

jectsmove

ithout thehelp ofany intermediary controlling device like remote control.

Here the controller is thehuman

ody itself. This paperhas taken the latest technologyused in X

ox

3

Kinect, a controller-freegaming

y Microsoft in partner

ith PrimeSense, a leader in developing

3D-sensing technology, and explored the possi

ility touse thesameforreplacing thesteering

heel

fora controller-free driving. Like its doneforX

ox 3

Kinect theuserhas tosimplymovehishand in

airortosay commands to control and direct the device,

hich in this case

ould

evehicles.

ITS IMPORTANCE

Letssee the importanceor

enefitsofdrivinga car

ithoutasteering

heel

y Convenience

y Stressfree driving

y Can use voice commands for different function like playing music, turning on A/C, lifting

indow pane. Voice commands canalsoeused togive drivinginstructions to the car.

y It hasahuge potential fordisabled person.

y We can, infact, goonestep furtherand use this technology to detect anyobstacle that may

come infront of thevehicleand not only inform the driverbut alsorepresent an imageof the

obstacle.

y This technology is capable of facial and voice recognition, which can be used in vehicles

wherehighsecurity isrequired.

XBOX 36

INECT

Kinect sensor device console

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i/Ki"

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it

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(

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0

1

was originally codenamed as Project2

atal. As mentioned previously its a controller-freegamingand entertainment deviceby Microsoft in partnerwith PrimeSense for the Xbox 3

3

4

video

game platform. It usesa USB5

.4

(Type A) for connectivity. Using this console theuser can interactwith Xbox 3

3

4

for playinggameswithout touching it, through2

atural User Interface (2

UI). It isyet to

bereleased worldwide.


3/14

HOW I6

WORKS BASICS

When we look at the7

onsole, Kine7

t we see three sensors, one is a7

olour7

amera for taking8

i7

tures,vi

9eo

7

hats et7

. The se7

on9

an9

thir9

is an IR@Infrare

9 Ablaster, whi

7

h when8

aire9

with themono

7

hromeB C

OS7

amera sensor enables to7

om8

ute theD E

s8

a7

e you are stan9

ing in, whi7

h7

anbe your room. This allows the Kine

7

t to a7 7

urately sense an9

re8

li7

ate the a7

tions that you8

erform inthe real worl

9into the game worl

9i.e. on the s

7

reen. The7

amera7

an ma8

488

oints on your bo9y

that are being7

onstantly tra7

ke 9 for ea7

h move you make. The7

onsole7

an tra7

k u8

to two8

layers.

You just nee9

to loa9

the game an9

move into the range of the Kine7

t an9

it automati7

ally registersyou an

9

9is

8

lays a little in9

i7

ation in the7

orner that a new8

layer has joine9

in. Another8

layer7

ansim

8

ly ste8

in the fiel9

ofview an9

get a9 9

e9

as a se7

on9

8

layer if the game su8 8

orts it.

The menu7

an be a7 7

esse9

by the han9

gestures, whi7

h is re8

resente9

by a white9

ot on the s7

reenthat you hover over an i

7

on for a few se7

on9

s to sele7

t it. It will take a while to get use9

to it but its not

too7

om8

lex.

Kine7

t also a7 7

e8

ts voi7

e7

omman9

s that means if you 9 o not want to use han 9 gestures then yousim

8

ly say xbox followe9

by the7

omman9

. This8

refix xbox hel8

s to9

istinguish7

omman9

s fromnormal

7

onversation, so that the7

om8

ute9

9

oesnt misinter8

rets things.

Kine7

t lets the user7

reate what is known as Kine7

t IE

. On7

e your IE

is alrea9 y7

reate9 you just nee 9 to walk into the fiel

9ofview of the sensor an

9it brings your avatar an

9

8

rofile on the s7

reen.

IN6

ERFACE USED

Before going into the9

etails of the te7

hnology use9

in the working of XboxD

60 Kine7

t, lets

un9

erstan9

the basi7

i9

ea of interfa7

e it has use9

. Interfa7

e means a system or me9

ium by whi7

h a

user intera7

ts with the ma7

hine.

The evolution of Interfa7

e shifte9

fromB

omman9-

F

ine Interfa7

e@ B

F

IA

to Gra8

hi7

alG

ser Interfa7

e

@G

GI

Ato the latest Natural

Gser Interfa

7

e@N

GI

A. Xbox

D

60 Kine7

t or sim8

ly the Kine7

t has use9

NG

I as

the me9

ium for intera7

tion.

Sour7

e: htt8

://en.wiki8

e9ia.org/wiki/Natural_user_interfa

7

e


4/14

In Command-Line Interface (CLI), user useH

keyboarH

as an inI

utH

eviPe to

I

ut series ofPo

H

ifieH

Pomman

H

s. ThesePomman

H

s haH

a limiteH

range of resI

onses, where the syntax of those

Pomman

H

s was striPt. These

Pomman

H

s haH

to be learneH

by the user to interaPt with the

Pom

I

uter.

Graphic User Interface (GUI) was maH

eI

ossible by the introH

uPtion ofmouse.

Qsers sim

I

ly haH

toget a

H

justeH

with the movements of the mouse anH

learn few aPtions like right

Pli

Pk an

H

leftPli

Pk.

Rouse gave a better o

I

tion to exI

lore the user interfaPe. The G

QI use

H

metaI

hors for interaPting with

thePontents or obje

Pts

H

isI

layeH

on the sPreen. A

Ptions like sele

Pting,

H

rag-H

roI

etP

are themeta

I

hors for a visual interfaPe that ultimately gets translate

H

baPk to into the stri

Pt

Po

H

ifieH

language

of theP

omI

uter. But the usersH

o not have to bother with the translation.

In Natural user interface (NUI) the user is thePontroller. A user

Pan

Parry out natural movements or

gestures toPontrol the

Pom

I

uter aI I

liPations or mani

I

ulate thePontents

H

isI

layeH

on the sPreen.

Why its termeH

as natural beP

ause the other interfaP

es make use of artifiP

ialP

ontrolH

eviP

es whoseo

I

erations has to be learneH

. The best way to iH

entify a NQ

I is that it woulH

not use aI

hysiPal

keyboarH

or mouse. As the NQ

I is so fast to learn, the aH

jeP

tive 'intuitive' is aI I

lieH

by many toH

esPribe how users intera

Pt with it.

S

ECHNOLOGY USED

The KinePt sensor is a horizontal bar

Ponne

Pte

H

to a small base with a motorizeH

I

ivot anH

isH

esigneH

to beI

ositioneH

lengthwise below the viH

eoH

isI

lay .i.e the sPreen. The

H

eviPe features an

RGBP

amera,H

eI

th sensor anH

multi-array miP

roI

hone runningI

roI

rietary software, whiP

hI

roviH

es full boH

yT

U

motionPa

I

ture,Pa

I

able of traPking 48

I

oints ofhuman boH

y movements, faPial

rePognition an

H

voiPe re

Pognition

Pa

I

abilities.

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.orV

/wikipedia/en/a/a0/KinectTechnoloV

iesE3.jpV


5/14

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if a r a p r a

Kinect sensorsmicrophonearrayenables the Xbox 3s t

to conduct acoustic source localisationand

ambient noisesuppression, allowingfor things likeheadset-free chat.

The depthsensor consistsofan infrared projectorcombined withamonochrome CMu

Ssensor, andallows the Kinect sensor tosee in 3D underanyambient light conditions. Thesensing rangeof thedepth sensor isadjustablewith the Kinect software capableofautomatically calibrating the sensorbased ongameplayand the players physical environment suchas the presenceoffurniture.

Kinect is based on software technology developed internally by Microsoft and range cameratechnology by Israeli developer PrimeSense which interprets 3D scene information from a

continuously-projected infrared pattern.

vange imaging is thename fora collectionof techniqueswhichareused to produce a

wD image

showing the distance to points inascenefromaspecific point, normallyassociated withsome typeofsensor device. The resulting image i.e. the range imagehaspixelsvalueswhich correspond to thedistancee.g thebrightervaluesmeanshorter distanceorviceversa. If thesensorwhich isused toproduce therange image is properly calibratedthe pixel values canbegiven directly in physical unitessuchasmeters.

Tracking of human body movements through body points


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Sx

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The Kinect sensorhasa practical ranging limit of.

-3.5 metres distance. Thesensorhasanangular

field ofviewof5

degreehoriontallyand

3degreevertically, while themotoried pivot is capableof

tilting the sensor as much as

degree either up or down. The microphone array features fourmicrophone capsulesand operateswitheach channel processing

-bit audioat asamplingrateof

kH

.

Letsunderstand the terms discussed above:

M

l

i

y mi j k l

m

is any number of microphones operating in tandem. This is used for

extractingvoice input from theambient noise .i.efromyourenvironment.Anarray canbemadeup of

omnidirectional microphones distributed around the perimeterofaspace, orformed usingnumbersof

very closelyspaced microphones, linked toa computer that recordsand interprets theresults intoa

logical form. Inourcase itsformed usingnumbersofvery closelyspaced microphones.

M

i l

j

m

m

i l

trackingare termsused to describe the processofrecordingmovements

and translating that movementsona digital model. Inmost of themotion capture recordsonly the

movement of the person, not his/hervisual appearance. Thisanimation data ismappedtoa 3D model

so that themodel performs thesameactionsas the person.

Range Imaging using 3D Depth Sensor


7/14

Object Recognition inn

omo

uter vision is the task of fin

ing a given objen

t in an image or vi

eo

sequenn

e.

D face Recognition is a mo

ality of fan

ial ren

ognition metho

s in whin

h the three

imensional

geometry of the human fan

e is use

.

fan

e ren

ognition metho

s an

hieve higher an n

uran

y than their

2

n

ountero

arts by measuring geometry of rigi

features on the fan

e. This avoi

s sun

ho

itfalls of 2

fan

e ren

ognition algorithms asn

hange in lighting,

ifferent fan

ial exo

ressions, hea

orientation.

Speaker recognition is then

omo

uting task of vali

ating a usersn

laime

i

entify usingn

haran

teristin

s extran

te

from their voin

es. It uses an

oustin

features of so

een

h that have been foun

to

iffer between in

ivi

uals. These an

oustin

o

atterns reflen

t both anatomye.g., size an

shao

e of

the throat an

mouth

an

learne

behaviouro

atternse.g. voi

n

eo

itn

h, so

eaking style

.

There is a

ifferenn

e between so

eaker ren

ognitionre

n

ognising who is so

eaking

an

so

een

h

ren

ognitionre

n

ognising what is being sai

. These two terms are frequentlyn

onfuse

as a voin

e

re

n

ognition. Voi

n

e re

n

ognition is

n

ombination of the two where it uses learne

as

o

e

n

ts of a s

o

eakersvoin

e to

etermine what is being sai

sun

h a systemn

annot ren

ognise so

een

h from ran

om

so

eakers very an n

urately, but itn

an rean

h high an n

uran

y for in

ivi

ual voin

es it has been traine

with.

In a

ition there is a

ifferenn

e between the an

t of authentin

ation,n

ommonly referre

to as so

eaker

verifin

ation or so

eaker authentin

ation an

i

entifin

ation. Finally, there is also a

ifferenn

e between

so

eaker ren

ognitionre

n

ognising who is so

eaking

an

so

eaker

iarisationre

n

ognising when the

same so

eaker is so

eaking

.

SpeakerDiarization is theo

ron

ess ofo

artitioning an ino

ut au

io stream into homogeneous segments

an n

or

ing to the so

eaker i

entify. Itn

an enhann

e the rea

ability ofan automatin

so

een

h transn

rio

tion

by strun

turing the au

io stream into so

eakers turns an

when use

together with Speaker ren

ognition

systems by provi

ing the speakers true i

entify. It is use

to answer the question who spoke when?

Speaker iarization is an

ombination ofSpeakerSegmentation an

Speaker lustering. The first aimsat fin

ing speakern

hange points in an au

io stream. The sen

on

aims at grouping together speen

h

segments on the basis ofspeakern

haran

teristin

s.

Acoustic Source localization: It basin

ally means lon

ating objen

ts by soun

. It is the task of lon

ating

a soun

sourn

e given measurements off the soun

fiel

at several

isparate lon

ations.

in

rophone

arrays are typin

ally employe

for the sampling of the spatial soun

fiel

.

Ambient noise suppression is a metho

for re

un

ing unwante

noise.

Complementar

metaloxidesemiconductor(C OS) is a ten

hnology forn

onstrun

ting integrate

n

irn

uits.

OS ten

hnology is use

in min

ropron

essors, min

ron

ontrollers, statin

RA

, an

other

igital

login

n

irn

uits.

OS ten

hnology is also use

for several analogn

irn

uits sun

h as image sensors,

atan

onverters, an

highly integrate

transn

eivers for many types ofn

ommunin

ation.

.

Two importantn

haran

teristin

s of

OS

evin

es are high noise immunity an

low statin

powern

onsumption. Signifin

ant power is only

rawn while the transistors in the

OS

evin

e are switn

hingbetween on an

off states.

onsequently,

OS

evin

es

o not pro

un

e as mun

h waste heat asother forms of logi

n

, for example transistor-transistor login

TT

z

or N

OS login

, whin

h uses all n-n

hannel

evin

es without p-n

hannel

evin

es.

OS also allows a high

ensity of login

funn

tions on a


8/14

chip. The { | OS three-}

imensional sensor chips can provi}

e ultra-graine}

, three-}

imensionalsensitivity to a variety of applications.

~

sing the chips, the pro}

ucts can sense the movements an}

actions ofobjects an

}

persons. Source: http://en.wikipe}

ia.org/wiki/{ |

OS

Image Sensor is a}

evice that converts an optical image to an electric signal. It is use}

mostly in}

igital cameras an}

other imaging}

evices. Early sensors were vi}

eo camera tubes but a mo}

ern one

is typically a charge-couple}

}

evice { { or a { omplementary metaloxi}

esemicon}

uctor { | OS)

active pixel sensor.

An Active pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensorconsisting of an integrate}

circuit containing an

array ofpixel sensors, each pixel contain a photo}

etector an}

an active amplifier. The { | OS APS is

use}

most commonly in cell phone cameras an}

web cameras. Such an image sensor is pro}

uce}

by

{ |OSprocess an

}

hence also known as { | OS sensor.

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a}

evice for the movement of electrical charge, usually from

within the}

evice to an area where the charge can be manipulate}

, for example conversion into a}

igital value. This is achieve}

by "shifting" the signals between stages within the}

evice one at a time.

{ { s move charge between capacitive bins in the

}

evice, with the shift allowing for the transfer of

charge between bins.

Often the}

evice is integrate}

with an image sensor, such as a photoelectric}

evice to pro}

uce thecharge that is being rea

}

, thus making the{ {

a major technology for}

igital imaging. Although{ {

s are not the only technology to allow for light}

etection, { { s are wi}

ely use}

in professional,

me}

ical, an}

scientific applications where high-quality image}

ata are require}

. Source:http://en.wikipe

}

ia.org/wiki/{

harge-couple}

_}

evice

Source: http://en.wikipe}

ia.org/wiki/{

harge-couple}

_}

evice

A speciall

developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package

Digital signal processing (DSP) is concerne}

with the representation of signals by a sequence of

numbers or symbols an}

the processing of these signals. igital signal processing an}

analog signal

processing are subfiel}

s of signal processing. SP inclu}

es subfiel}

s like: au}

io an}

speech signal


9/14

processing, sonar an ra ar signal processing, sensor array processing, spectral estimation,

statistical signal processing, igital image processing, signal processing forcommunications, control

ofsystems, biome

ical signal processing, seismic ata processing, etc.

The goal of

SP is usually to measure, filter an

/orcompress continuous real-worl analog signals.

The first step is usually to convert the signal from an analog to a igital form, by sampling it using an

analog-to-

igital converter A

), which turns the analog signal into a stream of numbers. owever,

often, the require

output signal is another analog output signal, which requires a igital-to-analog

converter

A

). Even if this process is more complex than analog processing an has a iscrete

value range, the application of computational power to igital signal processing allows for many

a

vantages over analog processing in many applications, such as error etection an correction in

transmission as well as

ata compression Source:

http://en.wikipeia.org/wiki/

igital_signal_processing

Gesture Recognition: In this technology the user interfaces with computer using human gestures. Inthis a camera rea

s the movement of the human bo

y an

communicates the

ata to a computer thatuses the gestures as input to control evices or applications.

One way gesture recognition is being use is to help the physically impaire to interact withcomputers, such as interpreting sign language. The technology also has the potential to change theway users interact with computers by eliminating input evices such as joysticks, mice an keyboar san

allowing the human bo

y to give signals to the computer through gestures such as finger

pointing.

nlike

aptic interfaces, gesture recognition

oes not require user to wear any specialequipment or attach any evices to the bo y. The gestures of the bo y are rea by a camera instea ofsensors attache to a evice.

In a

itional to han

an

bo

y movement, gesture recognition technology also can be use

to rea

facial an speech expressions like lip rea ing an eye movements.

In otion Anal

sis high spee vi eo cameras an motion analysis software is use to monitor an analyse any object in motion. Its also use in assembly line an pro uction machines to etect

inefficiencies. otion analysis software calculates parameters such as istance, velocity, acceleration

an

eformation angels as function of times. This ata is then use to esign equipment for optimal

performance.

NOW LETS LOOK ATTHETECHNOLOGY OF HOW A STEERING WHEEL WORKS IN ORDER

TO

OVE FURTHERTO COMBINETHE ABOVEDISCUSSEDTECHNOLOGY IN VEHICLES.

Steering wheel is the most important part of any automotive. It not only

rives the car but the esign

an structure of the system also helps improve safety an enhance the riving comfort.

A glimpse back in the history of In ian automobiles gives a clear picture of the cars that were

equippe

with a simple steering wheel. In the ol

en times, the entire car weight was mainly

accommo ate on the rear axle an steering was just use to tilt a bit to move the front axle. The

actual working of the car wheels was monitore

by a complex steering system.


10/14

As the car in

ustry hea

e

further, various a

vancements also approache

. The improvements in

car steering wheel were one of the most significant intro

uctions, which brought further

riving

comfort an

pleasure.

With improvement an

innovation we have two basic working ofsteering wheel were intro

uce

.

1. Stan

ar

or Re-circulating Ball Steering

2. Rack an

Pinion Steering

We woul

iscuss the secon

one, Rack an

Pinion Steering wheel as that is the most common

type accepte

to

ay. This system is enclose

in a metal tube with rack en

s protru

ing out. Then,

a tie ro

is linke

to each en

of the rack an

the pinion gear is linke

to the steering shaft. The

other en

of the tie ro

is connecte

to the steering arm. When the steering wheel is turne

, it

spins the gear, which in turn moves the rack. This movement of the rack moves the car wheels.

The key a

vantages of the rack an

pinion steering wheel is that it helps in the conversion of

rotational motion to linear motion that

rives the wheels. It also ensures re

uce

gear re

uction to

turn the wheels.

Source: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/steering2.htm


11/14

Source: http://usawatch.com/auto/html/mechanics/steering/rackpinion.php

HOWTO IMPLEMENTTHETECHNOLOGY:

To use this technology we nee

a similarconsole like Xbox

60 Kinect on the car

ashboar

in place

ofa steering wheel. As the gestures woul

be capture

on the screen

isplaye

in the

ashboar

, thecomman

that is given using han

gesture for

riving the car woul

then be nee

e

to convert

igital

signals to analog signals. Analog signals to electrical energy an

from electrical energy to mechanical

energy.

TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR IMPLEMENTATION

To convert we have to use transducer. Its a

evice that converts one type ofenergy to another. The

conversion can be to/from electrical, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, photovoltaic, or

any otherform ofenergy. While the term trans

ucercommonly implies use as a sensor/

etector, any

evice which converts energy can be consi

ere

a trans

ucer.

Optical encoders are sensors that generate

igital fee

back signals in response to movement an

convert that movement of a mechanical position of a tool or signal into an electrical signal that is

measurable. The basic i

ea is that binary bits are use

cause switches

electronic gates) to open or

close thus rotating the electriccurrent through an appropriate network of resistors so that the correct

voltage level is generate

. Once the signals are converte

to electrical signals, we can use Electrical

motors.

Electric motors can be use

to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion an

are broa

ly

classifie

into two

ifferent categories:

irect

urrent) an

A

Alternating

urrent). Within these


12/14

categories are numerous types, each offering unique abilities that suit them well for specific

applications. In most cases, regar less of type, electric motors consist ofa stator stationary fiel ) an

a rotorthe rotating fiel

or armature) an

operate through the interaction ofmagneticflux an electric

current to pro uce rotational spee an torque. This force can be connecte with the Pinion of the

steering wheel to carry forwar s the movement to turn the wheels in esire irection.


13/14

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.techtree.com/In

ia/News/

icrosoft_Kinect_for_Xbox_

60_Project_Natal/

1-111761-

8

.html


ia/Reviews/

icrosoft_Kinect_First_Impressions/

1-112

10-698.html


ia/Reviews/

icrosoft_Kinect_First_Impressions/

1-112

10-698-2.html

http://gizmo

o.com/ 280496/project-natal-won-e

-an

-maybe-the-motion-control-wars

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Kinect#cite_note-1

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Kinect

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ia.org/wiki/Natural_user_interface

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Range_imaging

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

otion_capture

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

ser_interface

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ia.org/wiki/Kinect#cite_note-1

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Three-

imensional_face_recognition

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognition


ia/Reviews/

icrosoft_Kinect_First_Impressions/ 1-112 10-698-4.html

http://www.howstuffworks.com/steering.htm

http://usawatch.com/auto/html/mechanics/steering/in

ex.php

http://hubpages.com/hub/Everything-About-the-

ar-Steering-Wheel

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Three-

imensional_face_recognition

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Acoustic_source_localization

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

icrophone_array

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Speech_signal_processing

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Speaker_

iarization

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

igital_signal_processing

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

harge-couple

_

evice

.http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/

OS


14/14

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Active_pixel_sensor

http://en.wikipe

ia.org/wiki/Range_imaging

http://

guy.tv/tag/

-sensing-technology/

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etails.asp?newsI

=1448

http://www.pcworl

.com/article/20

/fujifilm_unveils_its_secon

generation_

_camera.html

http://venturebeat.com/2008/0

/26/throw-away-the-wii-

-sensing-technology-

ue-within-a-year-says-

softkinetic/

http://kotaku.com/

06

2

/the-power-behin

-project-natal-primesense

http://www.webope

ia.com/TER

/G/gesture_recognition.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyI

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10744

8

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ia.org/wiki/Gesture_recognition

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ynapar.com/content.aspx?i

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ucer

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ex.php

Pic

ata -http://books.google.co.in/books?i

=Yy_8RNl

2ng

&pg=SA10-PA16&lpg=SA10-

PA16&

q=convert+

igital+to+mechanical&source=bl&ots=7G69 a2 F8&sig=GEwTN8AyeR2h fU-

N99E

ynkNc&hl=en&ei=ZknWTN

GEJ

ovQOUx

y

Q&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnu

m=7&ve

=0

UQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?co

e=

R

TRE

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T

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controller free kinesis

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