OWNER CERTIFICATIONChristopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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CONTROLS
A. Approved State or Local Plans
The management practices, controls and other provisions contained in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be at least as protective as the requirements contained in IEPA's and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service Illinois Urban Manual, 2002. Requirements specified in sediment and erosion control site plans or site permits or storm water management site plans or site permits approved by local officials that are applicable to protecting surface water resources are, upon submittal of an NOI to be authorized to discharge under the ILR10 permit, incorporated by reference and are enforceable under the ILR10 permit even if they are not specifically included in a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan required under the ILR10 permit. This provision does not apply to provisions of master plans, comprehensive plans, non-enforceable guidelines or technical guidance documents that are not identified in a specific plan or permit that is issued for the construction site.
The soil erosion and sediment control measures for this site should meet the requirements of the following agencies:
Will County Soil and Water Conservation District Village of Mokena Illinois Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
B. Control Implementation Schedule
Perimeter controls of the site should be installed prior to soil disturbance (excluding soil disturbance necessary to install the controls). Perimeter controls, including the silt fence, should be actively maintained until final stabilization of those portions of the site upward of the perimeter control. Stabilized construction entrance(s) and sediment trapping devices should be installed as described in the intended sequence of construction activities (Tab 6). Existing sewers and sewer structures will be adequately protected as necessary during construction operations. Riprap should be installed at flared end sections prior storm water discharge. Additional Best Management Practices will be implemented on an as- needed basis to protect water quality. Stabilization measures should be initiated where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but in no case more than 7 days after the construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or permanently ceased, or on all disturbed portions of the site where construction activity will not occur for a period of 14 or more calendar days. Where the initiation of stabilization measures by the 7th day after construction activity temporarily or
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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permanently ceases is precluded by snow cover, stabilization shall be initiated as soon as practicable thereafter. Once construction activity in an area has permanently ceased, that area should be permanently stabilized. Temporary perimeter controls should be removed after final stabilization of those portions of the site upward of the perimeter control.
C. Erosion and Sediment Controls
The appropriate soil erosion and sediment controls should be implemented on site and should be modified to reflect the current phase of construction. All temporary sediment and erosion control measures should be repaired or replaced as soon as practicable to maintain NPDES compliance. Mokena 191/88 LLC or their authorized agent is responsible for inspecting all sediment and erosion control measures at a minimum of every 7 calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of a 0.5-inch (or greater) rain event, or snowfall equivalent. Unless otherwise indicated, all vegetative and structural erosion and sediment control practices should be installed to the Standard Practice. The installation of any additional erosion and sediment control measures will be completed as necessary to minimize erosion and sedimentation as determined by the Engineer or Primary Contact. i) Stabilization Practices – Areas that will not be paved or covered with non-
erosive material should be stabilized using procedures in substantial conformance with the Illinois Urban Manual. For site-specific soil erosion and sediment control measures, refer to Tab 7, Appendix C and the following plan sheets prepared by SPACECO, Inc. (Tab 14):
Site Improvement Plans for Teamsters Local 710:
Sheet E1: Existing Conditions
Sheet L1: Geometric Plan
Sheet G1: Grading Plan
Sheet U1: Utility Plan
Sheet SE3: Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
Sheet S1: Specifications
In addition to this document, the following landscape plan prepared by Arete 3 Ltd. shall be maintained as an integral part of this Plan (Tab14):
Landscaping Plan for Teamsters Local 710
Sheet LP-1: Landscape Plan
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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Dust control should be used as necessary to minimize potential wind erosion. Additional erosion controls should be implemented as necessary, as determined by the Engineer or Primary Contact.
A record of the dates when major grading activities occur, when construction activities cease on a portion of the site, and when stabilization measures are initiated is included under Tab 16. Except as provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) below, stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable in portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but in no case more than 7 days after the construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or permanently ceased.
(a) Where the initiation of stabilization measures by the 7th day after
construction activity temporarily or permanently ceased is precluded by snow cover, stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable.
(b) Where construction activity will resume on a portion of the site within
14 days from when activities ceased, (e.g., the total time period that construction activity is temporarily ceased is less than 14 days) then stabilization measures do not have to be initiated on that portion of site by the 7th day after construction activity temporarily ceased.
ii) Structural Practices – The structural practices that may be used at the project are stabilized construction entrances, silt fence, sediment traps, wattles, geo-textile fabrics, riprap, and other measures. Installation of these structural practices should follow Standard Practice. Illinois Urban Manual Standard Drawings and Practices are found in this Tab under Appendix C.
D. Storm Water Management
Provided below is a description of measures that will be installed during the construction process to control the pollutants in storm water discharges that will occur after the construction operations have been completed. The installation of these devices may be subject to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
i) The practices selected for implementation were determined on the basis of
technical guidance contained in the IEPA’s Illinois Urban Manual and other ordinances listed in the specifications. Post construction storm water control measures shall include:
1. Permanent Vegetation and Plantings 2. Existing Detention Basins 3. Vegetated Storm Water Conveyance Swales
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ii) Velocity dissipation devices such as riprap aprons at flared end sections will be installed at discharge locations and along the length of any outfall channel as necessary to provide a non-erosive velocity flow from the structure to a watercourse so that the natural, physical, and biological characteristics and functions are maintained and protected (i.e., maintenance of hydrologic conditions, such as the hydroperiod and hydrodynamics present prior to the initiation of construction activities).
E. Waste Management
Solid waste materials including trash, construction debris, excess construction materials, machinery, tools and other items will be collected and disposed of off site by the contractor. The contractor is responsible to acquire the permit required for such disposal. Burning on site will not be permitted. No solid materials, including building materials, shall be discharged to Waters of the State, except as authorized by a Section 404 permit. All waste materials should be collected and stored in approved receptacles. No wastes should be placed in any location other than in the approved containers appropriate for the materials being discarded. There should be no liquid wastes deposited into dumpsters or other containers which may leak. Receptacles with deficiencies should be replaced as soon as possible and the appropriate clean-up procedure should take place, if necessary. Construction waste material is not to be buried on site. Waste disposal should comply with all local, State, and Federal regulations. On-site hazardous material storage should be minimized and stored in labeled, separate receptacles from non-hazardous waste. All hazardous waste should be disposed of in the manner specified by local or State regulation or by the manufacturer.
F. Concrete Waste Management
Concrete waste or washout should not be allowed in the street or allowed to reach a storm water drainage system or watercourse. Concrete washout should be completed off site, or if allowed on site by the Primary Contact, washout should be contained and completed in a location designated by the Engineer or Primary Contact. Concrete washout containment facilities should be of sufficient volume to completely contain all liquid and concrete waste materials including enough capacity for anticipated levels of rainwater. The dried concrete waste material should be picked up and disposed of properly when 75% capacity is reached. Hardened concrete can be properly recycled and used again on site (as approved by the Engineer and/or Primary Contact) or hauled off site to an appropriate landfill.
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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G. Vehicle Storage and Maintenance When not in use, vehicles utilized in the site preparation operations of the site should be stored in a designated area outside of the regulatory floodplain, away from any natural or created watercourse, pond, drainage-way or storm drain. Vehicle maintenance (including both routine maintenance as well as on-site repairs) should be made within a designated containment area to prevent the migration of mechanical fluids (oil, antifreeze, etc.) into watercourses, wetlands or storm drains. Drip pans or absorbent pads should be used for all vehicle and equipment maintenance activities that involve grease, oil, solvents, or other vehicle fluids. Construction vehicles should be inspected frequently to identify any leaks; leaks should be repaired immediately or the vehicle should be removed from site. Dispose of all used oil, antifreeze, solvents and other vehicle- related chemicals in accordance with USEPA and IEPA regulations and per Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or manufacturer instructions. Contractors should immediately report spills to the Primary Contact.
H. Material Storage and Good Housekeeping
Materials and/or contaminants should be stored in a manner that minimizes the potential to discharge into storm drains or watercourses. An on-site area should be designated for material delivery and storage. All materials kept on site should be stored in their original containers with legible labels, and if possible under a roof or other enclosure. Labels should be replaced if damaged or difficult to read. Bermed-off storage areas are an acceptable control measure to prevent contamination of storm water. MSDS should be available for referencing clean- up procedures. Any release of chemicals/contaminants should be immediately cleaned up and disposed of properly. Contractors should immediately report all spills to the Primary Contact, who should notify the appropriate agencies, if needed. To reduce the risks associated with hazardous materials on site, hazardous products should be kept in original containers unless they are not re-sealable. The original labels and MSDS data should be retained on site at all times. Hazardous materials and all other material on site should be stored in accordance with manufacturer or MSDS specifications. When disposing of hazardous materials, follow manufacturer or local and State recommended methods. The following good housekeeping practices should be followed on site during the construction project:
An effort should be made to store only enough product required to do the job.
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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All materials stored on site should be stored in a neat, orderly manner in their appropriate containers and adequately protected from the environment.
Products should be kept in their original containers with the original manufacturer’s label.
Substances should not be mixed with one another unless recommended by the manufacturer.
Operations should be observed as necessary to ensure proper use and disposal of materials on site.
Whenever possible, all of a product should be used up before disposing of the container.
Manufacturer’s recommendations for proper use and disposal should be followed.
I. Management of Portable Sanitary Stations
To the extent practicable, portable sanitary stations should be located in an area that does not drain to any protected natural areas, Waters of the State, or storm water structures and should be anchored to the ground to prevent from tipping over. Portable sanitary stations located on impervious surfaces should be placed on top of a secondary containment device, or be surrounded by a control device (e.g., gravel-bag berm). Contractors should not create or allow unsanitary conditions. Sanitary waste should be disposed of in accordance with applicable State and/or local regulations.
J. Spill Prevention and Clean-Up Procedures
Manufacturer’s recommended methods for spill clean-up should be available and site personnel should be made aware of the procedures and the location of the information and clean-up supplies. Materials and equipment necessary for spill clean-up should be kept in the material storage area on site. Equipment and materials should include, but are not limited to, brooms, dust pans, mops, rags, gloves, goggles, kitty litter, sand, sawdust and plastic and/or metal trash containers specifically for this purpose. Discharges of a hazardous substance or oil caused by a spill (e.g., a spill of oil into a separate storm sewer or Waters of the State) are not authorized by the ILR10 permit. If a spill occurs, notify the Primary Contact immediately. The construction site should have the capacity to control, contain, and remove spills, if they occur. Spills should be cleaned up immediately (after discovery) in accordance with MSDS and should not be buried on site or washed into storm sewer drainage inlets, drainage-ways, or Waters of the State.
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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Spills in excess of Federal Reportable Quantities (as established under 40 CFR Parts 110, 117, or 302), should be reported to the National Response Center by calling (800) 424-8802. MSDS often include information on Federal Reportable Quantities for materials. Spills of toxic or hazardous materials should be reported to the appropriate State or local government agency, as required. When cleaning up a spill, the area should be kept well ventilated and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used to minimize injury from contact with a hazardous substance. In addition to the good housekeeping and other management practices discussed in the previous sections of this Plan, the following minimum practices should be followed to reduce the risk of spills:
On-site vehicles should be monitored for leaks and should receive regular preventative maintenance to reduce the chance of leakage.
Petroleum products should be stored in tightly sealed and clearly labeled containers.
Contractors should follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for proper use, storage, and disposal of materials. Excess materials should be disposed of according to the manufacturer’s instructions or State and local regulations, and should not be discharged to the storm sewer or water body.
K. Management of Hazardous Materials Encountered During Site Activities
If a potentially hazardous material is encountered during construction activities, the Primary Contact should be notified immediately. HAZMAT should be reported to the appropriate State or local government agency, as required.
L. De-Watering Operations
During de-watering/pumping operations, only uncontaminated water should be allowed to discharge to protected natural areas, Waters of the State, or to a storm sewer system (in accordance with local permits). Inlet hoses should be placed in a stabilized sump pit or floated at the surface of the water in order to limit the amount of sediment intake. Pumping operations may be discharged to a stabilized area that consists of an energy dissipating device (e.g., stone), sediment filter bag, or both. Adequate erosion and sediment controls should be used during de-watering operations as necessary. Stabilized conveyance channels should be installed to direct water to the desired location as applicable. Additional BMPs (including polymers) may be installed at the outlet area at the discretion of the Primary Contact or Engineer.
Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Teamsters Local 710 Mokena, Will County, IL
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M. Off-Site Vehicle Tracking
The site should have one or more stabilized construction entrances in conformance with the Plan details. Stabilized construction entrance(s) should be installed to help reduce vehicle tracking of sediments. Adjacent roads should be swept as needed to reduce excess sediment, dirt, or stone tracked from the site. Maintenance may include top dressing the stabilized entrance with additional stone and removing top layers of stone and sediment, as needed. Vehicles hauling erodible material to and from the construction site should be covered with a tarp.
N. Dust Control
Dust control should be implemented on site as necessary. Repetitive treatment should be applied as needed to accomplish control when temporary dust control measures are used. A water truck should be present on site (or available) for sprinkling/irrigation to limit the amount of dust leaving the site. Watering should be applied daily (or more frequently) to be effective. Caution should be used not to overwater, as that may cause erosion. If field observations indicate that additional protection from wind erosion (in addition to, or in place of watering) is necessary, alternative dust suppressant controls should be implemented at the discretion and approval of the Engineer and/or Primary Contact. The following list of control measures may be implemented on site to limit the generation of dust as needed:
- Sprinkling/Irrigation - Vegetative Cover
- Tillage - Stone
Street cleaning should also be used as necessary to control dust. Paved areas that have soil on them from the construction site should be cleaned as needed, utilizing a street sweeper or bucket-type endloader or scraper at the direction of the Engineer and/or Primary Contact.
N:\TCB\090037\SWPPP\Controls.doc
APPENDIX C
STANDARD DRAWINGS AND PRACTICE STANDARDS ARE FOUND UNDER THIS APPENDIX IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER:
CONCRETE WASHOUT BASIN
YARD GRATE INLET PROTECTION
Note: The management practices, controls and other provisions contained in this Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be at least as protective as the requirements contained in the IEPA’s Illinois Urban Manual (Revised 2002) along with the applicable local and county ordinances. If there is a conflict between the Illinois Urban Manual and the guidelines included in the Plan Set, use the more protective requirements.
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DEFINITION
Control of dust blowing and movement on construction sites and roads.
PURPOSE
The purposes of this practice are to prevent blowing and movement of dust from exposed soil
surfaces, to reduce on and off-site damage, to minimize health hazards, and to improve traffic
safety.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice is applicable to areas subject to dust blowing and movement where on and off-site
damage is likely without treatment.
CRITERIA
The following are temporary and permanent methods for dust control:
Temporary Methods:
1. Mulches - See practice standard MULCHING 875. Chemical or wood cellulose fiber
binders may be used instead of asphalt to bind mulch material.
2. Vegetative Cover - See practice standard TEMPORARY SEEDING 965.
3. Spray-on Adhesives - These may be used on mineral soils. They are not effective on
muck soils. Keep traffic off these areas after application.
a. Anionic asphalt emulsion: water dilution - 7:1, coarse spray, 1,200 gal/acre.
b. Latex emulsion: water dilution - 12.5:1, fine spray, 235 gal/acre.
c. Resin-in-water emulsion: water dilution - 4:1, fine spray, 300 gal/acre.
4. Tillage - Roughen the surface and bring clods to the surface. This is an emergency
measure that should be used before soil blowing starts. Begin tillage on windward side of
site. Chisel plows with shanks spaced about 12"-18" apart and spring-toothed harrows
are examples of equipment that may produce the desired effect.
5. Irrigation - This is commonly used and affords fast protection for haul roads and other
heavy traffic roads. The site is sprinkled with water until the surface is moist. Repeat as
needed.
6. Barriers - Solid board fences, snow fences, burlap fences, crate walls, bales of hay and
similar material can be used to control air currents and blowing soil. Barriers placed at
right angles to prevailing wind currents at intervals of about 10 times their height are
effective in controlling soil blowing.
7. Calcium Chloride - Apply at a rate that will keep the surface moist. This chemical may be
applied by a mechanical spreader as loose, dry granules or flakes at a rate that keeps the
surface moist but not so much as to cause water pollution or plant damage. Application
rates should be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's specified rates. Periodic re-
treatment may be needed.
8. Stone - Stone can be used to stabilize roads or other areas during construction using
crushed stone or coarse gravel. See practice standard STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION
ENTRANCE 930.
9. Street cleaning - Paved areas that have soil on them from construction sites should be
cleaned daily, or as needed, utilizing a street sweeper or bucket-type end loader or
scraper.
Permanent Method:
1. Permanent vegetation - See the practice standard PERMANENT VEGETATION 880 or
SODDING 925. Existing trees or large shrubs may afford valuable protection if left in
place.
CONSIDERATIONS
The easiest way to control dust is to avoid exposed soil surfaces. This is not possible on most
construction sites, but the area exposed can usually be reduced by careful planning of controlled
traffic patterns and by phasing of clearing and grading operations. Consider use of undisturbed
vegetative buffers (min. 50 ft.) between graded areas and protected areas.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for dust control shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe
the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. At a minimum the
following items should be included:
1. The area to be treated
2. The methods that are acceptable to use
Specifications should indicate when dust control is needed and the method of control to be used.
Appropriate industry standards should be used.
All plans shall include the installation, inspection, and maintenance schedules with the
responsible party identified.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
When temporary dust control measures are used, repetitive treatment should be applied as
needed to accomplish control.
DEFINITION
A pre-formed protective blanket of straw or other plant residue, or plastic fibers formed into a mat,
usually with a plastic mesh on one or both sides.
PURPOSE
The purposes of this practice are to protect the soil surface from raindrop impacts and overland
flow during the establishment of grass or other vegetation, and to reduce soil moisture loss due to
evaporation.
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies where the protection of newly seeded areas is critical. This is especially
important where flowing water may occur before the grass is established. The most common
application for erosion control blankets is in the bottom of small channels and on steep
embankments.
CRITERIA
Erosion blankets shall be installed after all top-soiling, fertilizing, liming and seeding is complete.
The blanket shall be in firm contact with the soil. It shall be anchored per the manufacturer’s
recommendation with the proper number and spacing of wire staples. The staples shall be the
proper width and length to meet the manufacturer’s recommendations.
On slopes and in small drains the blanket shall be unrolled upstream to downstream parallel to
the direction of flow. The upstream end of each blanket shall be anchored in a minimum 6-inch
deep anchor trench. These blankets, when laid side by side, shall overlap a minimum of 4 inches.
When more than one blanket length is needed, the material shall be overlapped 12 inches over
the downstream piece. All edges shall be stapled as per manufacturer’s recommendation.
CONSIDERATIONS
Erosion blankets will be located as part of the site development plan. They will protect the ground
surface from rain drop impacts and flowing water. They will also retain moisture on seeded areas
thus increasing the potential for germination and survival of the vegetation. Erosion blankets
materials will break down over time. They should be chosen so that they last long enough for the
grass or other vegetation to become established.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for installing erosion blankets shall be in keeping with this standard and
shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. At a
minimum include the following items:
1. Location of the erosion blanket
2. Type of blanket
All plans shall include the installation, inspection, and maintenance schedules with the
responsible party identified.
Standard drawing EROSION BLANKET PLAN IL-530 may be used as the plan sheet.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Inspect all erosion blankets periodically and after rainstorms to check for damage due to water
running under the blanket or if the blanket has been displaced. Where water has flowed under the
blanket, more staples may be needed per given area or more frequent anchoring trenches
installed. If significant erosion has occurred under the blanket then reseeding may be needed.
Any erosion blankets that have been displaced will need to be put back and re-stapled.
SEDIMENT CONTROL, INLET FILTERS
Description: This work shall consist of the furnishing, installation, and removal of a drainage structure inlet filter assembly, consisting of a frame and filter bag, to collect sediment in surface stormwater runoff at locations shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall inspect the work site and review the plans to determine the number and dimensions of the various types of drainage structure frames (circular and rectangular) into which the inlet filters will be installed prior to ordering materials.
The drainage structure inlet filter assembly shall be installed under the grate on the lip of the drainage structure frame with the fabric bag hanging down into the drainage structure.
The drainage structure inlet filter assembly shall remain in place until final removal of the assembly is directed by the Engineer. The drainage structure inlet filter assembly shall remain the property of the Contractor.
Final removal of the assembly shall include the disposal of debris or silt that has accumulated in the filter bag at the time of final removal. Periodic cleaning of the filter is paid for separately.
Materials: The drainage structure inlet filter shall be the “Catch-All Inlet Protector”, as furnished by Marathon Materials, Inc., 25523 W. Schultz St., Plainfield, IL 60544, (800) 983-9493, or approved equal. A detail drawing in the plans depicts the drainage structure inlet filter assembly.
The drainage structure inlet filter assembly consists of a steel frame with a replaceable geotextile fabric bag attached with a steel band with locking cap that is suspended from the frame. A clean used bag and a used steel frame in good condition, meeting the approval of the Engineer, may be substituted for new materials.
The drainage structure inlet filter assembly frame shall be rigid steel meeting the requirements of ASTM-A36. The frame shall include an overflow feature that is welded to the frame’s ring. The overflow feature shall be designed to allow full flow of water into the structure if the filter bag is filled with sediment. The dimensions of the assembly frame shall allow the drainage structure grate to fit into the inlet filter assembly frame opening. The assembly frame shall rest on the inside lip of the drainage structure frame for the full variety of existing and proposed drainage structure frames that are present on this contract.
The drainage structure inlet filter assembly bag shall be constructed of a polypropylene geotextile fabric with a minimum weight of 4 ounces per square yard, a minimum flow rate of 145 gallons per minute per square foot, and designed for a minimum silt and debris capacity of 2 cubic feet. The filter bag shall be reinforced with an outer layer of polyester mesh fabric with a minimum weight of 4 ounces per square yard. The filter bag shall be suspended from the steel frame with a stainless steel band and locking cap. The inlet filter assembly frame shall not cause the drainage structure grate to extend higher than 1/8 inch above the drainage structure frame.
Basis of Payment: The work will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for SEDIMENT CONTROL, INLET FILTERS, which price shall include all costs for labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals necessary to perform the work.
SEDIMENT CONTROL, INLET FILTERS CLEANING
Description: This work shall consist of cleaning sediment out of a drainage structure inlet filter when directed by the Engineer. This cleaning work is to be periodically performed as directed by the Engineer, for the duration of the use of each drainage structure inlet filter assembly. The Engineer will be the sole judge of the need for cleaning, based on the rate that debris and silt is collected at each inlet filter location.
Cleaning of the inlet filter shall consist of inspecting, cleaning (includes removal and proper disposal of debris and silt that has accumulated in the filter fabric bag), by vactoring, removing and dumping or any other method approved by the Engineer.
Method of Measurement: Cleaning of the drainage structure inlet filter shall be measured for payment each time that the cleaning work is performed at each of the drainage structure inlet filter locations.
Basis of Payment: The work will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for SEDIMENT CONTROL, INLET FILTERS CLEANING, which price shall include all costs for labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals necessary to perform the work.
Illinois Urban Manual
Establishing permanent vegetative cover to stabilize disturbed or exposed areas.
PURPOSE
The purposes of this practice are to:
1. Permanently stabilize disturbed or exposed areas in a manner that adapts to site
conditions and allows selection of the most appropriate plant materials
2. Reduce erosion and sedimentation from such areas
3. Create a landscape that enhances soil permeability and the filtering of runoff pollutants,
while improving wildlife habitat
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
1. Disturbed areas where long-lived vegetative cover is needed to stabilize the soil
2. Rough graded areas that will not be brought to final grade for a year or more
3. Other areas where permanent cover is desired
CRITERIA
Selection of plant materials:
Selection of plant materials shall be based on climate, topography, soils, moisture conditions,
land use, available light (shade tolerance), aesthetics, planned use of the area, and the degree of
maintenance desired. All seed shall be of high quality and comply with Illinois Seed and Weed
Laws.
See Tables A, B and C for selection of grasses, forbs, ground covers, and vines under different
moisture and light conditions. These tables provide information for selected species that are
generally commercially available and suitable for use in urban and agricultural settings. The
native species presented represent those that are more tolerant of disturbed urban situations
where this practice would be applied. See the references given with the tables for information on
additional species. The tables in this standard are not meant to be all-inclusive and the
information in this standard can be applied to other species that may be desired or suitable for a
given application. For trees and shrubs see practice standard TREE AND SHRUB PLANTING
985. For manicured turf grass sod, see practice standard SODDING 925.
Site Preparation:
The site shall not be worked when frozen or saturated. Install necessary erosion and sediment
control practices before seeding, and complete grading according to the approved plan. The
grading plan shall utilize techniques and equipment that minimize soil compaction. If the final
graded site consists of subsoil that may have been compacted by heavy equipment during
grading activities, the subgrade shall be scarified to a depth of at least four inches by chisel
plowing, disking or harrowing. This practice will create at least limited pore space for water and
root penetration and bonding of the topsoil and the subsoil.
After the grading operation, spread topsoil where needed following practice standard
TOPSOILING 981. Topsoil shall meet criteria in material specification 804 MATERIAL FOR
TOPSOILING.
Seedbed preparation:
If needed based upon soil conditions and desired vegetation type, incorporate the lime and
fertilizer into the soil with a disk harrow, spring tooth harrow, or similar tools to a depth of at least
3 inches. On sloping areas the final operation shall be on the contour.
Prior to seeding or planting, the seedbed shall be relatively free of all weeds (> 80% weed free),
stones, roots, sticks, rivulets, gullies, crusting and caking, or other debris which may interfere with
seeding or planting operations or plant establishment.
The seedbed shall not be worked when frozen or saturated. Prior to seeding or planting the
surface shall be disked or raked to a depth of 2-3 inches either by hand or mechanical means to
create a smooth uniform seedbed. This operation should result in a seedbed comprised of soil
aggregates ranging from fine to coarse, with none larger than two inches in diameter.
In areas that have not been re-graded, which have grown up in weeds, or to be no-till seeded, a
herbicide application may be necessary to reduce competition with the desired vegetation. An
approved herbicide may be used to treat such areas to kill all existing vegetation. Herbicide
application shall be done at least 15 days prior to seeding or planting.
Fertilization:
Fertilizer or lime is generally not recommended for native vegetation establishment unless soil
tests indicate pH < 5.5, P < 15 lb./ac., or K < 150 lb./ac. If levels are below this, apply lime and
fertilizer according to a soil test and the needs of the vegetation selected.
Seed:
All legumes shall be inoculated with the proper inoculants prior to seeding. Seeding rates given in
Tables A and B are based upon Pure Live Seed (PLS).
Seed mixtures shall be selected according to site conditions and desired use and appearance.
Other considerations include soil moisture condition, shade tolerance, mowing tolerance, winter
hardiness, flooding tolerance, mature height, emergence time, and salt tolerance.
All seeds shall have the proper stratification and/or scarification to break seed dormancy for
spring or early summer plantings. No treatments are needed for late summer, early fall, or
dormant seeding.
Seeding may be done by any of the following methods:
1. Conventional Drill
a. Apply seed uniformly at a depth of 1/4 to ½ inch with a drill (band seed) or
cultipacker seeder. On sloping land, seeding operations should be on the contour
wherever possible.
b. Apply mulch or erosion blanket following seeding as required.
2. Broadcast Seeding
depth with a cultipacker, or similar tool. Spinning disc type broadcasters
equipped with an agitator are effective with native seed mixes. Often
broadcasters require the use of a carrying agent such as oats or vermiculite.
Attention should be given to seed mixes with seeds of varying size and weight so
that the seed remains effectively mixed during seeding operations.
b. On sloping land, dragging, harrowing or cultipacking should be done on the
contour to ensure seed-soil contact and reduce erosion.
c. Apply mulch or erosion blanket following seeding as required.
3. Hydroseeding
a. For areas to be hydroseeded, final seedbed preparation shall leave the soil
surface in a slightly roughened condition.
b. Lime and fertilizer shall be incorporated prior to seeding unless they are to be
applied at the same time as the seed (applying lime with a hydroseeder may be
abrasive to the equipment). Do not use hydrated lime in a slurry mix.
c. A minimum of 1000 gallons of water per acre shall be used. The hydraulic
seeding equipment shall include a pump rated and operated at no less than 100
gallons per minute and at no less than 100 pounds per square inch pressure.
The tank shall have a mechanical agitator powerful enough to keep all materials
in a uniform suspension in the water. Calibration of the hydraulic equipment shall
be accurate.
d. When seeding legumes, increase the recommended rate for inoculant four times
for hydroseeding. If legume inoculant is added to a fertilizer and/or lime, seeding
should be applied within 30 minutes.
e. If seed and fertilizer are mixed together they should be seeded within 2 hours of
mixing.
4. Dormant Seeding
a. Dormant seeding may be done between November 15 and March 15 by using
conventional drill or broadcast methods.
b. If soil conditions are suitable during the dormant seeding period, prepare the
seedbed and seed as indicated in this specification. Apply mulch or erosion
blanket following seeding.
5. No-till
In some instances it may be desirable to sow seed into existing sod, a temporary cover crop, or
natural vegetation. Drilling may be done after herbicide application to non-native sod or
undesirable weeds such as Canada thistle. A rangeland type grass drill with a no-till attachment
shall be used. Seeds should be drilled to the depth appropriate for the species, according to the
supplier’s recommendations.
The seeds of some plants require light to stimulate germination and growth. In situations with
some of these species, particularly some native forbs, a combination of broadcasting and no-till
drilling may be used. Grasses should be drilled first, followed by broadcasting of the desired
forbs.
Plugs and Rootstock:
Some plants cannot be grown readily from seed and must be developed and planted by hand
(see Table A). Plugs are young plants that are grown in a nursery or greenhouse for transplant.
Rootstock may consist of fragments of horizontal stems or roots that include at least one node
(joint).
1. Plugs
Plugs shall be planted in designated areas according to site plans and the
recommendations of the supplier for that species. Attention should be given to soil
moisture, anticipated flooding, shade, and other factors.
a. Plugs shall be planted in a hole dug with a trowel, spade, planting bar, or suitable
instrument such that the hole is of a minimum diameter and depth to
accommodate the plug, with its roots, without damage.
b. The soil excavated from the planting hole should be used to backfill around the
plant and lightly packed to secure the roots in the soil.
c. Plugs shall be watered upon completion of planting enough to keep soil moist but
not saturated.
d. If planting is delayed more than six hours after delivery, store plugs in the shade,
protect from the weather and mechanical damage, and keep them moist and
cool. All plugs should be planted within 24 hours of delivery.
e. Plugs shall be obtained from a reputable nursery or grown from seed. Plugs shall
not be collected from wild populations of plants.
2. Rootstock
and in accordance with the suppliers’ recommendations for that species.
a. Tubers and rootstock should be freshly dug before planting. If planting is
delayed, protect material from weather and mechanical damage, and keep moist
and cool. Do not use materials that have been in cold storage more than 45
days.
b. Holes for planting rootstock shall be dug in locations shown on plans or as
adjusted in the field.
c. Holes shall be dug with a trowel, spade, planting bar or other suitable instrument,
such that holes are of a minimum depth and diameter to accommodate the tuber
or rootstock without damage.
d. Rootstock shall be obtained from a reputable nursery or grown from seed.
Rootstock shall not be collected from wild populations of plants.
Ground Covers:
Most shrub and vine type ground covers are available as bare root stock, balled and burlapped,
or in containers or pots. Many ground covers and vines perform best when planted in the spring.
Container-grown plants can be planted throughout the growing season if adequate water is
provided.
Ground covers and vines are plants that naturally grow very close together and close to the
ground or climbing over other plants. This can cause severe competition for space, nutrients and
water. Soil for ground covers should be well-prepared. A well-drained soil high in organic matter
is best. If the area to be planted is so large or difficult to prepare due to steepness or rockiness
that adding amendments to the soil as a whole would be impractical, organic matter and fertilizer
may be added to each planting hole.
Lime and fertilize according to soil test, if needed. If no soil test is available and the soil is
believed to be deficient, add 30 lbs. of 10-10-10 fertilizer and 100 lbs. of ground agricultural
limestone per 1000 square feet. Incorporate into the top 4 to 6 inches of the soil.
When planting individual plants, prepare a hole slightly larger than the container or ball and deep
enough that the roots can extend to the bottom. Most ground covers should be planted ½" to 1"
deeper than they have grown in the pot or container.
Mulching/Erosion Blanket:
All permanent seedings shall be mulched upon completion of seed application or planting. Refer
to practice standard MULCHING 875. Erosion blanket should be substituted for mulch on steep
slopes (10% slope or greater) or wherever highly erosive conditions exist (e.g. in drainage swales
or waterbody shorelines). Refer to practice standard EROSION BLANKET 830. When planting
plugs and tubers, particularly in wetland plantings, mulch or erosion blanket should NOT be used
except in specific areas with erosive conditions. When planting ground covers it may be
advantageous to apply mulch or erosion blanket prior to planting. Plants should then be tucked
into the soil through slits or holes. In all cases, planting should be done in a staggered pattern to
minimize erosion.
CONSIDERATIONS
Where feasible, deep-rooted native species are preferred due to their abilities to enhance soil
permeability and pollutant filtering as well as their reduced needs for fertilizer, herbicides,
irrigation, and mowing. Care also should be taken to avoid non-native aggressive species that
could spread beyond the site boundaries.
The best time for seeding depends upon the species; there is no single best time to seed. There
are certain groups of species which do best fall planted and are compromised by spring seeding.
There are other groups of species that do best spring planted and are compromised by fall
seeding. Some species are not tolerant of nurse or temporary cover crops while others benefit by
them. Some species are difficult to establish in the field from seed and are far more practical to
install as plugs.
Some species require light for germination and are thus less successful if drilled into the soil,
while others require burial to have successful germination. Broadcasting is generally favored for
native species for this reason, and so the plants do not become established in unnatural looking
rows. A temporary cover crop may be necessary to hold soil until permanent vegetation becomes
established. See practice standard TEMPORARY SEEDING 965.
Using an intact native soil is the most desirable situation, but in most cases stabilization is
needed because of earthwork activities. In many instances, the topsoil may have been removed
and/or stockpiled during earthwork activities.
Evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the soil to be seeded or planted and the desired use
and appearance of the area. Special attention needs to be given to soil pH, texture, internal water
movement, moisture regime, steepness, and stability in order to plan the appropriate treatment.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
The plans and specifications for seeding or planting and mulching shall be in keeping with this
standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended
purpose. At a minimum include the following items:
1. Seed mixtures and rates or plant species and density
2. Site preparation methods
4. Seeding or planting methods
5. Seeding or planting periods
6. Mulching or erosion blanket materials and application rates
All plans shall include the installation, inspection and maintenance schedules with the responsible
party identified.
High-maintenance areas are mowed frequently, fertilized and pesticide treated regularly, and
either (1) receive intensive use (e.g., athletic fields or golf courses) or (2) require maintenance to
a particular aesthetic standard (e.g., home lawns). Grasses or ground covers used for these
situations are long-lived perennials that form a tight sod and are fine-leaved in appearance. They
must be well adapted to the geographic area where they are planted and able to endure the
stress of frequent mowing. Sites where high-maintenance vegetative cover is commonly utilized
include homes, industrial parks, schools, churches, and active recreational areas.
High-maintenance seedings should be fertilized one year after planting to strengthen the plants
and insure proper stand density. The following recommendations may be used:
1. For grass only stands, apply 200 lbs./acre (5 lbs/1000 sq. ft.) of 27-3-3, or equivalent
2. For grass-legume or pure legume stands, apply 500 lbs/ac. (12 lbs./1000 sq. ft.) of 10-20-
20, or equivalent
3. The best time to apply fertilizer is between March 1 and May 30 or August 1 and
September 30
4. Do not mow high-maintenance turf seedings until the stand is at least 6 inches tall. Do
not mow closer than 3 inches during the year of establishment
In areas adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands, fertilizer should be used sparingly to minimize
runoff of nutrients causing undesired growth of aquatic plants (eutrophication).
Low-maintenance areas are mowed infrequently or not at all, and do not receive lime, pesticide or
fertilizer on a regular basis. Plants must persist with little maintenance over long periods of time.
Native grass, forb, and legume mixtures are favored for these sites because they are deep-rooted
and can add nutrients to the soil. Legumes in particular are a source of soil nitrogen. Mixed
stands are more resistant to adverse conditions. Sites suitable for low-maintenance vegetation
include steep slopes, stream or channel banks, lake shorelines, stormwater drainage and
detention facilities, office campuses, low-density residential properties, some commercial
properties and areas adjacent to roadways.
Native plants typically do not require fertilization to become established. Experience in prairie
restoration suggests that fertilizing adds to weed problems and promotes undesirable species.
For this reason, conventional fertilizing is not recommended for native plantings.
Low-maintenance stands should be mowed only as needed to control weeds. Native plantings
should be mowed to control weeds prior to August 15 during the establishment period (2-3 years).
Mowing should be done before undesirable weeds set seed. Keep mowing height above the
height of the seeded plants (6-12 inches).
Prescribed burning is the preferred maintenance technique for native prairie vegetation. Burns
should be performed after the establishment period (2-3 years) on a 2-3 year rotational basis to
control invasive weeds and to encourage a balance between grass and forb species. Less-
frequent burning may be appropriate once the prairie is well established.
Goose or other nuisance wildlife control may be needed on some plantings. For example,
plantings (plants, rootstock or seed) of native wetland plants must be protected from depredation
by Canada geese. Goose exclosures constructed of fence posts and "chicken wire" netting is
usually recommended during the first year of establishment.
Vine and shrub type ground covers may need hand weeding until the area is well covered.
For ground covers and vines, prune old growth in the spring as needed to improve appearance
and promote growth. If pruning is desired, it should be done every year rather than when the
plants have developed into an overgrown state.
High and low maintenance areas:
Vegetation cannot be expected to provide erosion control cover and prevent soil slippage on a
soil that is not stable due to its structure, water movement, or excessive slope.
The operation of equipment is restricted and may be unsafe on slopes steeper than 3:1. Where
steepness prohibits the use of farm machinery, seedbed preparation, fertilization, and seeding or
planting may need to be done by hand.
Moisture is essential for seed germination and seedling establishment. Supplemental irrigation
can be very helpful in assuring adequate stands in dry seasons or to speed development of full
cover.
Protect the planted area from human, animal and vehicular traffic until the stand is adequately
established.
Inspect all planted areas for failures and make necessary repairs, replacements, reseedings, and
re-mulching within the planting season, if possible. If a stand has less than 70% ground cover, re-
evaluate the choice of plant materials, quantities of lime and fertilizer, seeding or planting
methods, time of seeding or planting and available light and moisture. Re-establish the stand with
modifications based on the evaluation.
After initial planting and/or seeding, irrigate to keep the seedbed moist (not wet) for at least 7 to
10 days after seeding depending on conditions. This may require watering daily the first week,
especially during hot weather, and less frequently thereafter. Water application rates and delivery
must be carefully controlled to prevent runoff and erosion. Inadequate or excessive amounts of
water can be more harmful than no supplemental water. Irrigation is seldom needed for low-
maintenance seeding made at the appropriate time of the year.
Herbicides may also be used for weed control. Apply all herbicides according to rates specified
on the label.
Illinois Urban Manual
A temporary barrier of entrenched Geotextile fabric (filter fabric) stretched across and attached to
supporting posts used to intercept sediment-laden runoff from small drainage areas of disturbed
soil.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this practice is to cause deposition of transported sediment load from sheet flows
leaving disturbed areas
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES
A silt fence may be used subject to the following conditions:
1. The maximum allowable slope lengths contributing runoff to a silt fence are listed in the
following table:
Flatter than 10 200
2. The maximum drainage area for overland flow to a silt fence shall not exceed 1/2 acre
per 100 feet of fence
3. Erosion would occur in the form of sheet erosion
4. There is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier
5. Where effectiveness is required for more than one construction season or 6 months,
whichever is less
6. As protection for a storm drain inlet refer to practice standard INLET PROTECTION -
FABRIC DROP 860
7. As protection for a culvert inlet refer to practice standard CULVERT INLET
PROTECTION 808
CRITERIA
All silt fences shall be placed as close to the contour as possible, with the ends extending
upslope. The area below the fence must be undisturbed or stabilized.
Silt fence fabric shall meet the requirements in material specification 592 GEOTEXTILE Table 1
or 2, Class I with a minimum apparent opening size (AOS) of 30 for non-woven and 50 for woven.
Fence posts shall be a minimum of 48 inches long. Wood posts shall be of sound quality wood
with a minimum cross sectional area of 3.0 square inches. Steel posts shall be standard T and U
sections weighing not less than 1.33 pound per linear foot or other steel posts having equivalent
strength and bending resistance. The maximum spacing shall be 5 feet. When wire or other form
of approved backing is used, the maximum spacing may be increased to 8 feet. The posts shall
be driven a minimum of 18 inches into the ground or as approved by the engineer. Spacing may
need to be adjusted so that posts are located in low areas where water may pond.
Wire fence shall be a minimum 12-gauge wire with a maximum 6-inch mesh opening. All other
forms of support, such as polymeric mesh, shall be approved by the engineer/inspector.
The filter fabric shall be furnished in a continuous roll cut to the length of the silt fence needed to
avoid splices. When splices are necessary, the fabric shall be spliced at a support post with a
minimum 6-inch overlap, folded over and securely fastened so that silt-laden water cannot
escape through the fence.
The height of a silt fence shall be a minimum of 24 inches above the original ground surface and
shall not exceed a height of 30 inches above the ground surface. Wire or another form of
approved support mesh backing shall be used on silt fences exceeding 24 inches in height.
The silt fence shall be entrenched to a minimum depth of 6 inches, with an additional 6 inches
extending along the bottom of the trench in the upslope direction. When wire or another form of
support mesh backing is used, the wire or other approved support mesh shall extend into the
trench a minimum of 3 inches. The trench shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the
fabric.
The filter fabric and wire support, if used, must be securely fastened to the upslope side of the
posts using heavy duty wire staples at least one inch long or tie wires (10 gage minimum), or in
accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. The fabric shall not be stapled or wired to the
wire support or to existing trees.
If the silt fence must cross contours, with the exception of the ends of the fence, gravel check
dams placed perpendicular to the back of the fence shall be used to minimize concentrated flow
and erosion along the back of the fence. The gravel check dams shall be approximately 1 foot
deep at the back of the fence and be continued perpendicular to the fence at the same elevation
until the top of the check dam intercepts the ground surface behind the fence. The gravel check
dams shall consist of appropriately sized and specified rock for the fence line grade and
contributing drainage area. The gravel check dams shall be located every 10 feet along the fence
where the fence must cross contours. The fence line grade and slope length in combination shall
be stable after the installation of the check dams.
Silt fences shall be used prior to the establishment of erosion controls and installed prior to the
clearing of existing vegetation.
CONSIDERATIONS
Silt fences should be considered for trapping sediment where sheet and rill erosion may be
expected to occur in small drainage areas. Silt fences should not be placed in areas of
concentrated flows.
Research has shown that silt fences can trap a much higher percentage of suspended sediments
than can straw bale barriers and in most cases is the preferred option. As with straw bale
barriers, improper placement along with improper installation and maintenance of silt fences
have, in many instances, significantly decreased the effectiveness of this practice.
While both woven and non-woven fabrics are commercially available, the woven fabric generally
displays higher strength than the non-woven fabrics do. When tested under acid and alkaline
water conditions, most of the woven fabrics increase in strength. There are a variety of reactions
among non-woven fabrics. The same is true of testing under extensive ultra violet radiation.
Permeability rates demonstrate very high filtering efficiencies for sandy sediments, there is
considerable variation among both woven and non-woven fabrics when filtering the finer silt and
clay particles.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Plans and specifications for installing silt fences shall be in keeping with this standard and shall
describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. At a
minimum include the following:
1. Location where the silt fence is to be installed
2. The type, size, and spacing of fence posts
3. The type and size of wire or other approved support mesh backing, if used
4. The type of filter fabric used
5. The method of anchoring the filter fabric
6. The method of fastening the filter fabric to the fencing support
7. The rock size and location of gravel check dams, if used
Standard Drawing IL-620 SILT FENCE PLAN or IL-620W SILT FENCE WITH WIRE SUPPORT
PLAN can be used as the plan sheets.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Silt fences shall be removed when they have served their usefulness, but not before the upslope
areas have been pe