controls, switches and energy transformation. control the function performed by a component that can...
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Controls, Switches and Energy Transformation
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CONTROL
The function performed by a component that can open or close a circuit
switches and pushbuttons are examples of controls
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SWITCHES SINGLE POLE SWITCH OPENS/CLOSES 1
CONTACT AT A TIME DOUBLE POLE CAN OPEN/CLOSE TWO
CONTACTS AT ONCE ELECTRONS FOLLOW 1 PATH IN SINGLE
THROW SWITCH DOUBLE THROW ALLOWS ELECTRONS
TO FOLLOW 1 OF 2 PATHS P470
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SWITCHES
A switch is deemed to be closed when a connection is made. If you have a closed switch you will then have a closed circuit.
Open Closed
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SwitchesSwitch Number of
contacts that are open
Number of possible paths for electrons
Diagram
Single PoleSingle Throw
1 1
Single – Pole Double – Throw
1 2
Double – PoleSingle – Throw
2 1
Double – Pole Double – Throw
2 2
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SWITCHES
ROCKER
SWITCH
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TOGGLE SWITCH
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PUSH BUTTON
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MAGNETIC CONTACT
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
CHANGE OF ONE FORM OF ENERGY TO ANOTHER FORM OF ENERGY
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EXAMPLES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS USED TO TRANSFORM ELECTRICITY
INCANDESCENT BULBS- NEW FORM-LUMINOUS ENERGY
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HEATING ELEMENT- NEW FORM- THERMAL ENERGY
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PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS- NEW FORM – MECHANICAL OR SOUND ENERGY
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ELECTROMAGNETS – NEW FORM OF ENERGY – MAGNETIC ENERGY
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COMPONENTS WITH OTHER FUNCTIONS
CAPACITORSDIODESTRANSISTORS (AST ONLY)RELAYS (AST ONLY)
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CAPACITORS CAN STORE ELECTRICAL CHARGE COMPOSED OF TWO ELECTRICAL
SURFACES SEPARATED BY AN INSULATOR (BLOCKS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS)
CHARGE BUILDS UP ON ONE PLATE, INSULATOR IS REMOVED AND CHARGE IS RELEASED ALMOST INSTANTLY
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CAPACITORS
- +
-------
++++++
Plate
• The left part of the plate attracts all the electrons.
• The right side of the plate is positively charged as the power supply attracts all the electrons.
• This plate stops the flowof electrons, but at the same time the capacitorstores a charge.
• Once the capacitor is pushed out of the way and electricity can flow, you will have a strong charge that will happen in a short period of time.
Dielectric
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CAPACITOR CHARGE FROM CAMERA
BATTERY BUILDS UP UNTIL BUTTON IS PRESSED
FULL CHARGE
IS RELEASED IN
THE FLASH
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DIODE ALLOWS ELECTRIC CURRENT TO FLOW
IN ONE DIRECTION MADE OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROTECTS ELECTRONIC PARTS FROM
HAVING ELECTRONS FLOW IN THE WRONG DIRECTION – NOTABLY WHEN A BATTERY (IS INCERTED IN THE WRONG WAY) OR POWER SUPPLY IS PUSHING ELECTRONS THE WRONG DIRECTION
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DIODE USED TO CONVERT AC TO DC
LED’S ARE ‘LIGHT EMITTING DIODES’ THAT GIVE OFF LIGHT WHEN CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH THEM
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TRANSISTORS (AST ONLY)BLOCK OR AMPLIFY AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT
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TRANSISTORS (AST ONLY) CURRENT FLOWS FROM
COLLECTOR TO EMITTER TO BASE BASE ACTS LIKE A VALVE THAT
ALLOWS CURRENT TO FLOW FREELY; BLOCK FLOW OR ALLOW SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN
CONNECTION BETWEEN TRANSISTORS AND COMPUTERS P477 OF OBSERVATORY
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RELAYS (AST ONLY) A RELAY OPENS OR CLOSES A
CIRCUIT USING AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL FROM ANOTHER CIRCUIT (THINK RELAY RACE-PASSING ON)
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RELAYS (AST ONLY) COMMONLY USED TO CONTROL HIGH
VOLTAGE CIRCUITS FROM A REMOTE DISTANCE, HEATING SYSTEMS,
LIGHTING IN A THEATRE, HIGH VOLTAGE APPLIANCES (X-RAY MACHINE)