Controversy Over Membership

Do you know of some groups or clubs that restrict who can be members?

Why might these groups restrict membership?

Who was joining the Christian Faith?

The Apostles led by Peter focused on converting

non-believing JewsPaul and his followers

focused on converting gentiles (non-Jews)

What might be some issues that you could see popping up?

Problems with Jewish Law

law forbid Jews “to associate with or visit [Gentiles]” (Acts 10:28)

Problem as early Christianity was closely tied to Jewish law and custom

Many didn’t believe gentiles should be welcomed in because they did not follow Jewish custom – they were

uncleanDespite this some of the Apostles, including

Peter, baptized gentiles

Cornelius – 1st Gentile Convert

Was a Roman centurion in Caesarea

Had vision telling him to send for Simon Peter

Peter also had a vision (Acts 10:11-16)

To Peter the vision meant he must open the Church to gentiles (Acts 10:34-36, 43-47)

Peter baptized Cornelius and those gentiles with him

The power of the Holy Spirit descended on the gentiles – amazing the Jewish Christians

Jewish Anger at Gentile Conversion

Anger greeted Peter on his return to Jerusalem How could Peter break Jewish law by visiting and eating

with gentiles? How could he admit them to the group?Even if Gentiles accepted the One God, they

were not the Chosen People – they were uncleanPeter defended his decision - told the story of

what had happenedReminded them

Jesus had eaten with sinners, tax-collectors, and Samaritans

Gentile Acceptance

Peter’s explanation calmed them for a while

Agreed to gentile membership God has accepted

them, so should we.Did not end the

conflict entirely

Antioch – First Jewish-Gentile Christian Community

Both groups had lived together for a long time

When Christ’s message was spread, converts were from both groups

United by faith in Jesus

The disciples were first called “Christians” here

News of this mixed congregation re-opened the earlier controversy

Proof of Christian Solidarity

Persecution of Jews in Jerusalem increased

Apostle James was beheaded

Christians in Antioch provided material and spiritual support took up a collection for

the Jerusalem Christians

Hello Controversy, My Old Friend

Issue over what was expected of the gentiles

Would Gentiles have to become Jews to become Christians?

Do you have to be a Jew to be a Christian?Would they have to follow Jewish Law

(Mosaic Law)?

Jewish Christian Perspective

Jesus followed Jewish Law

Christians, even gentiles, should follow Jewish Laws

All of the law not just certain parts

Jewish Dietary Laws

Gentile converts ate food prohibited by Jewish Law

Pork and shellfish being most common

Problem when these communities shared meals

Eating with gentiles also prohibited

Peter had been scolded for eating with gentiles

Law about Circumcision

Jerusalem Christians insisted all male gentile converts be circumcised

Christians in Antioch were understandably concerned

Gentile Christian response: Yeah, right. You guys are nuts!

Paul’s Perspective

Belief and faith in Jesus Christ is what was important

Belief implied freedom from Jewish tradition

Freedom from Jewish Law

No need to follow Jewish dietary laws or be circumcised

Ecumenical Council

Taken from the Greek word “oikoumen”Ecumenical means “the inhabited world”Council called by church dignitaries and

theological expertsUsed to discuss Church doctrine and practiceDecisions are meant to be followed by all

Christians

Council of Jerusalem, 50 A.D.

1st ecumenical/church council

Called to deal with the Jewish/Gentile issue

Made up of Apostles and church leaders

Paul and Barnabas spoke of the enthusiasm and faith of the gentiles the Holy Spirit had

made this possibleHeated debate b/w the

two sides

Peter Addresses the Council

7 'My brothers,' he said, 'you know perfectly well that in the early days God made his choice among you: the gentiles were to learn the good news from me and so become believers.8 And God, who can read everyone's heart, showed his approval of them by giving the Holy Spirit to them just as he had to us.9 God made no distinction between them and us, since he purified their hearts by faith.10 Why do you put God to the test now by imposing on the disciples the very burden that neither our ancestors nor we ourselves were strong enough to support?11 But we believe that we are saved in the same way as they are: through the grace of the Lord Jesus.‘ (Acts 15:7-11)

Peter’s Decision

As head of the Church, Peter, supported by James (leader of Church in Jerusalem) ruled that:28 It has been decided by the Holy Spirit and by ourselves not to impose on you any burden beyond these essentials:29 you are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from illicit marriages. Avoid these, and you will do what is right. Farewell.‘ (Acts 15:28-19)

Jewish dietary laws and circumcision did not have to be followed

New Membership Requirements

What is required for membership?Belief in Jesus Christ is what matters, not the

following of Jewish law

Significance of the Decisions

What is the significance of the decision to allow gentile membership and the council decision?

Says the Church as meant for everyoneCatholic comes from the Greek word for

“universal” decision gave the church it’s universality – no one is left

outEnables the Church to spread though the worldGentile members soon outnumbered Jewish

membersBegins the development of a non-Jewish identity

28 There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be neither slave nor freeman, there can be neither male nor female -- for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:28)

Homework

Why is The Council of Jerusalem significant to church history? Ie: Why is this development important?