conversion of crop oils to biofuels and hydrothermal saccharification for cellulosic ethanol...
TRANSCRIPT
Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels and Hydrothermal Saccharification for
Cellulosic Ethanol Production2008 Farm to Fuel Summit2008 Farm to Fuel Summit
Lixiong LiLixiong Li
August 1, 2008August 1, 2008
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OutlineOutline
Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels Florida Crop Oils Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Preliminary Results
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Florida Oil Crops as Feedstocks
Current Focus - Crop Oils (see table below according to Florida Agriculture Statistical Directory for 2006 harvest season)
Potential Targets - Animal fats, algae/algal oils, Jatropha and other oil crops being introduced to Florida
Oil Crop 2006 Acreage Planted
2006 Production
Reported Biodiesel
Yield
Potential Biodiesel
Output
Potential Increase in
Biofuel Output
Soybean 7,000 135,000 bushels
60 gal/acre 420,000 gal 900%
Peanut 130,000 150,000 tons 123 gal/acre 16,000,000 gal 40%
Cotton Seed
60,000 47,000 tons 35 gal/acre 2,100,000 gal 50%
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Catalytic Hydrothermolysis
Soybean Oil
Hydrolysis,Saponification
180OC, 1-2 hrs
Fatty Acid Salts(Soap)
Pyrolysis,Cat. Cracking
350-650OC, <1 hrs
Cat. Trans-esterification
30-65OC, 1-8 hrs
Post RefiningFatty Acid Esters
(Biodiesel)
Biofuel
Gas, Oil,Oil Residue,
Char
Non-CatalyticHydrolysis,180-300OC, 1-5 mins
Soybean Oil
Fatty Acids
Pyrolysis,Cat. Cracking
350-550OC, 5-10 mins
Non-Cat. Trans-esterification240-300OC, 2-4 mins
Post RefiningFatty Acid Esters
(Biodiesel)
Biofuel
ProductDistribution??
Low-Pressure Processes High-Pressure Processes
Processing Options for Converting Crop Oils to Biofuels
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Water Reactant Reaction and Heat Transfer Medium Source of Hydrogen
Heat Activation Energy Product Fractionation
Catalyst
Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Catalytic Hydrothermolysis (CH)
Vegetable Oil
BioFuelsTriglyceride
ModificationsCatalytic
Hydrothermolysis
Water/Catalysts
Pre-Conditioning
Conventional Post Treatment
Conversion Post-Refining
(Aqueous Phase)
(Organic Phase)
Vegetable Oil
BioFuelsTriglyceride
ModificationsCatalytic
Hydrothermolysis
Water/Catalysts
Pre-Conditioning
Conventional Post Treatment
Conversion Post-Refining
(Aqueous Phase)
(Organic Phase)(Patent Pending)
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Laboratory Facility and Staff
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Preliminary Results (CH Conversion of Soybean Oil)
Product Distribution
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
≤5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 >20
Carbon Number
% M
as
s
SB Oil Baseline
SB Oil Catalyst
JP-8
Diesel
Gasoline
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Preliminary Results (CH Conv of Soybean Oil – JP8 Fraction)
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Preliminary Results (CH Conv of Peanut Oil – JP8 Fraction)
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Preliminary Results (CH converted SB oil)
Turbine Fuel, JP-8 NATO F-34
Diesel, Naval Distillate NATO F-76
Properties ARA JP-8
Spec ARA Diesel
Spec
Aromatics, wt% 2.6 25 max - - Paraffins (normal + iso), vol% 40 - 56 - Cyclopariffins, vol% 52 - - - Dicycloparifins, vol% 5.9 - - - Heat of combustion, MJ/kg 43.4 42.8 min - - Smoke point, mm >30 25 min - - Freeze point, oC <-47 -47 max - - Flash point, oC >38 38 min 89 60 min Distillation (D2887, D86) pass - pass - Density, kg/L 0.793 0.775 min 0.823 0.876 max Acid #, mg KOH/g <0.01 0.015 max <0.01 0.30 max Hydrogen, wt% - 13.4 min 14.1 12.5 min Cloud point, oC - - -8 -1 max Pour point, oC - - -15 -6 max Viscosity @40oC, cSt - - 3.04 1.7-4.3 Demulsification, min - - 1 <10 Cetane Index - Report 57 >43 Tests performed by ARA, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Pax River Naval Air Station
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Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels - Competitive Advantage
ARA Other Bio JP-8
Bio Diesel
Current F-T
Alternative
Processing
Properties
Density
Energy
Pollution
Combustion
- Good - Fair - Poor
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SummarySummary Conversion of Crop Oils to Biofuels
Conversion of soybean and peanut oils to JP-8, Naval Distillate, and Gasoline has been demonstrated
Fuel tests met USAF and Navy specifications Small-scale system design has been initiated
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AcknowledgementAcknowledgement Funding
Florida Farm to Fuel Grant Matching Funds by Concho LLC and ARA IR&D
ARA Biofuel Team Ed Coppola Lynda Liptak Jeff Rine Jonathan Miller Devin Walker
Graphics and Administration Support Rodney Walker Angela Devoy