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ConWEEB Workshop

Brussels, 24th May 2018

ConWEEB - Converting construction waste

into energy-efficient buildings

Project

Converting the Construction & Demolition Waste into the

Secondary Raw Materials with preliminary cost analysis

Coordinator: Adriana Bernardi

CNR – ISAC

Work Programme topics addressed:

EeB-04-2016 New technologies and strategies for the

development of pre-fabricated elements through the reuse and

recycling of construction materials and structures

Project number: 723916 Project cost: 3.36 million €

Starting month: October 2016 Project Duration: 4 years

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„This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon

2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No

723916”

Presenters: CNR-ICMATE, ECO, ZAG, IZNAB

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Methodology of CDW recycling

ConWEEB, Brussels, 24th May 2018

Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)

CDW typically comprises inert mineral materials

(concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics, etc.)

There might be smaller amounts of other components

(e.g. wood, glass, plasterboard, bituminous mixtures

and tar)

Construction34.7

source: eurostat

CDW accounts for

approximately 25% -

30% of all the waste

generated in the EU

In EU-28 The CDW stream is about

0.8 - 1 billion tons per year



From waste to construction products

CDW used for InnoWEE products

Waste typeEuropean List of Waste

Waste status Waste code

Concrete Non-hazardous 17-01-01

Bricks Non-hazardous 17-01-02

Wood - untreated Non-hazardous 17-02-01

Glass - uncontaminated Non-hazardous 17-02-02

Performance of construction products,

including products from recycled

materials, is covered by CPR - The

Construction Product Regulation.

Waste materials cease to be waste after

processing into products, and when fulfill

the number of specific criteria.

Technical requirements for the use of

CDW for construction purposes are

regulated under the CPR.



From waste to construction products

Essential characteristics and

performance of construction

product

Basic requirements for construction works

1. Mechanical resistance and stability

2. Safety in case of fire

3. Hygiene, health and environment

4. Safety and accessibility in use

5. Protection against noise

6. Energy economy and heat retention

7. Sustainable use of natural resources

Defined in harmonised standards

or other technical specifications

(EAD, national documents)



Waste identification, source separation and collection

“Improved collection of goods for re-use and

recycling requires selective demolition and

appropriate on-site operations as well” (EC

2016)

First step: PRE-DEMOLITION AUDITS

What materials?

Identify all materials to be generated, and estimate quantities

Understand what has to be separated at source (e.g. hazardous

waste), what can be used/recycled, how waste will be managed

source: European Commission, 2016



Second step: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN


How?

❑ how the different steps of the demolition will

be performed;

❑ by whom;

❑ which materials will be collected selectively

at source;

❑ how they will be transported;

❑ what will be the recycling, re-use or final

treatment;

❑ how to follow up.

source: European Commission, 2016



Third step: SELECTIVE DEMOLITION

❑ hazardous waste separation;

❑ deconstruction (dismantling including separation

of side streams and fixation materials);

❑ separation of fixation materials;

❑ structural or mechanical demolition.

Typical procedure (source: EC 2016)

Materials should

be kept separated





Waste hierarchy

legally binding!

(source: JRC 2011)

WFD: Waste Framework Directive

Fourth step: PROCESSING

AND TREATMENT

Many options exist, in accordance

with the waste hierarchy

❑ preparation for re-use;

❑ recycling;

❑ material recovery;

❑ energy recovery…



Former process at ECO – Secondary Raw Materials (SRM)

for backfilling

A visual check is performed first, to remove unwanted

residues (plastic, wood parts, etc.).

The remaining wastes are blended together, larger

parts are crushed and stored around the raised

embankment.

Then, materials are fed into the screen.

A first magnetic separator is located in correspondence

of the screen to collect possible metal scraps.

The grosser fraction feeds the jaw crusher and, after the

size reduction, a second magnetic separation is carried

out.

The processed material

is stored, awaiting for

required verifications

and, then, marketed.

Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM

CDWs coming from

the sites of demolition

are fed into the jaw

crusher that reduces

their size to 0/60 mm.

The fraction 30/60 mm is subsequently

processed to produce InnoWEE SRM by

means of the new mill, which grinds the

input material to a size of 0/2 mm.

Modified layout/processing


A further refinement by a second screen may

be necessary to meet the required

dimensional range.

The use of the 30/60 mm fraction for the

production of InnoWEE SRM is based on its

generally low content of soil, organic

substances, etc.

The final milling is supposed to grant sharpness

to the aggregates, thus improving the adhesion

to the matrix.


Modified layout/processing


The new mill for inorganic wastes

The rented hammer-mill is able to process 4

to 9 ton/h of aggregates with a maximum

input size of 80 mm.

The rate of produced SRM depends upon the

hardness of the input materials and the

desired fineness of the output aggregates.

The output size depends upon the engine

revolutions per minute and the spacing

of the screen at the discharge chute.



Wood shredder

The wood shredder chosen by ECO is a

combustion engine tool with a power of

11 HP, equipped with 2 main blades and

8 chipper knives. The power transmission

between engine and cutting body is

achieved by 2 belts.

It can be fed, for example, with waste

coming from pallets, carpentry boards,

roof construction scraps, etc., free from

metal elements (nails, screws, staples,

etc.) and not larger than 7 cm.



The output material consists of flakes

and chips, with variable shape according

to hardness and moisture content of the

inserted wood.

Requirements of the new permit – Construction works

Involved area

Based on the reports of the external consultants, ECO identified two construction works

required to comply with the environmental prescriptions provided by the permit:

o sound-absorbent barrier at the South border, close to the processing area;

o new pavement and water treatment system.

The new pavement, together with the water

treatment system and the detention basin,

will assure the compliance with the local

Water Protection Plan in force.

The sound-absorbent barrier

is an embankment about 5 m

high and 6-8 m wide, made

of recycled materials.





Analyses and qualification

❑macroscopic composition of inorganic waste;

❑mineralogical and chemical quantitative

phase analyses (QPA);

❑ Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and specific

surface area;

❑ density, loose bulk density and water

absorption;

❑ leaching tests;

❑ geopolymeric reactivity;

❑ carbonates, chlorides and sulphates; etc.



Example of characterisation of CDW fractionsChemical parameters

Sulphate and chloride contents, influencing the

durability of final products, are low. The relevant

product standards state a declared value.

Physical parameters

Organic substances

The total contents of organic parameters of the

CDW fractions are far below the limit values set

for use of waste-derived aggregates.

CDW

fraction 1-2 mmconcrete mortar brick glass

PAH - SUM, mg/kg d.s. <1 <1 <1 <1

PCB - SUM, mg/kg d.s. <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Leaching criteria

Limit values for PAH - polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons are set by individual MS - up to

6 mg/g d.s. or even higher is allowed.

In most of MS leaching criteria

for PCB - polychlorinated biphenyls are

set to < 1 mg/g d.s.

CDW

fraction 1-2 mmconcrete mortar brick glass

Loose bulk density (kg/m3) 1333 1306 1091 1237

Water absorption (%) 5.4 5.2 11.7 0.6

LCCA

Research & Development

Program management

Engineering design

Equipmentdevelopment & test

Investment

Equipment installation/ implementation

Execution of project

Operation & Maintenance

Operation

Fuelconsumption

Rent

Transportation

Maintenance

Maintenencepersonel

Spares / repairparts

Test & Supportequipment

Maintenance & suport facilities

Phaseout & Disposal

Types of costs in InnoWEE SRM production

Preliminary cost analysis of SRM



To ensure the competitive price for current market

v

Cost analysis of InnoWEE SRM


€1.5 for a ton of mixed

CDW

€2.7 for a ton of wood

chips

Max. distance of

CDW transport

50 km

Evaluation of the cost of secondary raw materials used for geopolymer production

SRM + transport < €10/t

Losses of the product during processing can cost

0.3€/t - 3€/t

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

Methodology for CDW recycling

Sergio Tamburini National Research Council of Italy

Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Energy Technologies (CNR–ICMATE)

[email protected]


Jakub PlutaIZNAB SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA (IZNAB)

[email protected]


Mirco BordignonGuidolin Giuseppe – ECO. G. SLR (ECO)

[email protected]


„This project has received funding

from the European Union’s Horizon

2020 research and innovation

programme under grant agreement

No 723916”

Chemical analysis of CDW

Sabina KramarSlovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG)

[email protected]

https://www.innowee.eu/

mailto:[email protected]




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