.

Body

-metal body( made of 

aluminium)

-Low specific heat capacity

-the pan can get hot quickly

-Low density

(reduces the weight of the pot )

Lid ( tudung )

The lid of the pan is made of 

substances which has weak

conductivity of heat .Heat will not

absorbed by the lid ,so heat will not

lost to surrounding.

made of substance which has low

conductivity of heat (high heat

capacity)

Base ( tapak ) 

-made of copper

-Low specific heat capacity

 _easily get hot

 _- The food in the pot can be

cooked quickly

- High density .To ensure that

the pot is stable and will

not topple over easily.

Handle

- Made of synthetic material (plastic)

- Large specific heat capacity . Will not

get hot easily .

- Poor heat conductor . Very little heat

from person holding the pot.

- -Low density .The total weight of the

pot will not become too large .

 

Car safety features

When there is a car crash, the car, its contents and the passengers decelerate rapidly.

They experience great forces because of the change in momentum, which can cause

injury.

Modern cars also have safety features that absorb kinetic energy in collisions. These

typically include:

  Seat belts

  Air bags

  Crumple zones

These features reduce injuries to the people in the car by absorbing energy when they

change shape. They increase the time taken for the change in momentum on the

occupants' bodies, reducing the forces involved and injuries.

Seat belts

Seat belts stop you tumbling around inside the car if there is a collision. However, they

are designed to stretch a bit in a collision. This increases the time taken for the body's

momentum to reach zero, so reduces the forces on it.

Air bags

Air bags increase the time taken for the head's momentum to reach zero, so reduce the

forces on it. They also act a soft cushion and prevent cuts.

Crumple zones

Crumple zones are areas of a vehicle that are designed to crush in a controlled way in a

collision. They increase the time taken to change the momentum in a crash, which

reduces the force involved.

The stopping time of a car in a collision is very short even when crumpling

occurs. A passenger without a seat belt will have a momentum that drops from

a large value to zero when hitting the windshield, steering wheel, or 

dashboard. Seat belts are made of a very strong fabric that stretches slightly

when a force is applied. Stretching extends the time over which the passenger 

comes to a stop and results in less force being exerted on the person’s body. 

Air bags Air bags work together with seat belts to make cars safer (Figure 3.20). An air 

bag inflates when the force applied to the front of a car reaches a dangerous

level. The air bag deflates slowly as the person’s body applies a force to the 

bag upon impact. The force of impact pushes the air out of small holes in the

air bag, bringing the person to a gradual stop. Many cars now contain both

front and side air bags.