By The Yard

Fayette County Extension

Harvesting and Storing Gourds 2

Don’t Eat Those Wild Mushrooms… 3

Armillaria Root Rot - A Threat to Stressed Landscape Trees

4

September Quick Tips 5

Recipe: Easy Cheesy Eggplant 5

Gardeners Toolbox Registration 6

FACT SHEET: Boxwood Blight (enclosure)

Boxwood Blight Workshop Flyer 7

Inside this issue:

Cooperative Extension Service

Fayette County Extension

1140 Harry Sykes Way

Lexington, KY 40504

Phone (859) 257-5582

Email: DL_CES_Fayette@email.uky.edu

September, 2018

HORTICULTURE NEWSLETTER

Several insects thrive in decaying organic matter, so compost bins usually provide all the resources that they need. Maggots are an important part of the nutrient recycling process. Black soldier fly maggots are among the most disturbing of the “decay dwellers,” a seething blanket of them on the heap is a startling sight. However, there is no cause for concern for the maggots or the adults.

Kits containing rearing containers and some starter “grubs” are sold online, but this insect is widespread and egg-carrying females will find and lay eggs on compost relatively quickly. The developing flat-bodied maggots consume 8 to 10 times their body mass as they develop, leaving behind a “tea” that can be used to fertilize plants. Another benefit is these insects make their breeding site too wet for house fly development. This important attribute has resulted in the species being used for filth fly management in animal manure. In some systems, the larvae are

harvested and used for animal feed.

Soldier fly maggots are a normal part of the decay process and pose no threat.

Source: Lee Townsend, University of Kentucky Extension Entomologist

Our Friends, the Compost Maggot

Figure 1. Black soldier fly larvae are a common sight in decaying organic matter,-including compost bins, earthworm beds, and animal waste (Photo: Lee Townsend, University of Kentucky).

Figure 2. Adult black soldier flies take a little moisture but do not feed and die in a few days. They are rarely seen, even around the larval breeding material (Photo: Lee Townsend, University of Kentucky).

Boxwood Blight Tuesday,

October 23, 2018 6:00 p.m.

Fayette County Extension Office

For more information,

see flyer inside this issue of BTY.

Page 2 By The Yard

Harvesting and Storing Gourds

Despite what your older brother told you, "gourd head" is not a compliment. When gourds are mature, they are hard skinned with a few seeds rattling around inside. Certainly no compliment there. However, gourds are attractive to use as decorations throughout autumn. By caring for gourds properly and purchasing mature gourds, they can last several months.

Two commonly grown gourd groups are ornamental gourds and utility gourds. Ornamental gourds have extremely variable shapes, textures and colors of orange, yellow, white and green. Ornamentals include nest egg, crown-of-thorns and Turk's turban gourds.

Utility gourds have a hard thick shell and include dipper, bottle and trumpet gourds. Utility gourds are very durable and have been used throughout history for bowls, dippers, bird-

houses and musical instruments.

Gourds will last longer if they are mature when harvested and kept dry. If you grow gourds in your own garden, pay attention to the days to harvest listed on the seed packet. Gourds can be left in the garden to dry or dried in a well-ventilated warm place. Handle gourds as carefully as possible. Bruises, scratches and punctures can result in deterioration.

The brightly colored ornamental gourds can be harvested once their stem turns brown and the tendrils next to the stem dry. Ornamental gourds will develop a hard, glossy, brightly colored shell. To preserve the color of ornamental gourds, they can be washed in a solution of one-cup borax with three cups water. After curing, ornamental gourds can be rubbed with a water base wax.

Utility gourds take longer to mature needing 120 to 140 frost-free days to mature. The large gourds may take longer.

Gourds should be left on the vine as long as possible or until frost kills the vine.

Utility gourds develop hard shells and may begin to change from green to lighter, slightly yellow shades. The stem should be very tough and brown. The necks on long handled types should be stiff. Harvest with at least one to two inches of stem attached. After harvest, utility gourds can be washed in a one-quart water to a half-cup bleach solution.

Utility gourds may take four to six weeks of curing and even up to a year in order to dry completely. The curing process can be hastened by scraping off the thin green epidermis of utility gourds. Select only fully mature gourds to scrape. Hard-shelled utility gourds dried indoors with the skin intact tend to develop a mold over the surface.

Source: Sandra Mason, University of Illinois, Master Gardener Coordinator

Turks Turban Gourd Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension/Jackson County Center.

Utility Gourd Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension/Jackson County Center.

Source: Jamie Dockery, Fayette County Agent for Horticulture, University of Kentucky

By The Yard Page 3

Don’t Eat Those Wild Mushrooms . . . unless you know what you are doing!

Urban Poultry Workshop Tuesday, September 11, 2018, 6:00 p.m.

More and more people are getting backyard chickens. What is involved? What are the benefits and concerns?

These questions will be addressed by Dr. Jacquie Jacob a poultry specialist with the University of Kentucky. A free workshop on Tuesday, September 11, 2018, will be held at Fayette County Extension Office at 1140 Harry Sykes Way, Lexington at 6:00 p.m.

Light refreshments will be served. This event is sponsored by Lexington Southern States. Please RSVP by calling the Fayette County Extension Office at 859-257-5582 to reserve a seat.

Recent prolonged rains throughout Kentucky have resulted in mushrooms popping up seemingly everywhere. A variety of mushrooms can be seen in landscape mulch, in lawns, on forest floors, and in open meadows. For many, there may be a temptation to gather and eat these wild mushrooms or toadstools. Unfortunately, there is a dark side to mushroom foraging: poisoning. Each year,

wild mushrooms lead to numerous illnesses and even a few deaths. While the threat of mushroom poisoning is real, most mushroom-caused illnesses can be prevented if collectors are well-informed and cautious. This fact sheet provides introductory information regarding mushroom safety. Don’t Eat Those Wild Mushrooms…is a joint effort of the UK Departments of Plant Pathology

Two poisonous mushrooms that can cause liver failure and death, the Destroying Angel (A) and Death Cap (B).

Source: University of Kentucky, Plant Pathology & Forestry

A B

and Forestry, and as such, has publication numbers from each department. This publication is online at PPFS-GEN-14/FORFS-16-01 For additional publications on plant diseases and related topics, visit the UK Plant Pathology Extension Publications webpage. Source: Nicole Ward Gauthier, University of Kentucky, Extension Plant Pathologist

By The Yard Page 4

Armillaria Root Rot—A Threat to Stressed Landscape Trees Tree stress can come from numerous factors, including weather, mechanical damage, insects, or poor growing conditions. These stresses make plants more susceptible to the plant disease Armillaria root rot. This fungal disease is also known as shoestring root rot, mushroom root rot, and oak root rot. Once symptoms are observed, damage is often too severe to save infected trees, as no effective management strategies are available.

Armillaria Root Rot Facts

Symptoms include dieback and decline. Loose or decayed bark near the base of the tree is often observed. When bark is peeled back, creamy white fans of fungal mycelium (thread-like structures) or dark brown rhizomorphs (thick strands of fungal mycelia) (Figure 1) may be present. In fall, distinct “honey” mushrooms are produced at the base of the tree or along decaying roots (Figure 2).

The fungal pathogen overwinters in decaying wood and can persist for many years on this plant material in soil.

Common hosts include oaks, maples, pines, hornbeams, taxus, and fruit trees.

Trees exposed to stressful growing conditions such as drought, winter injury, insect defoliation or borers, mechanical injuries, or construction damage are more likely to become infected.

Caused by multiple species of the fungus Armillaria.

Disease Prevention Options

Consider removal of infected trees, roots, and stumps.

Maintain plant health with proper nutrition.

Select well-drained planting sites that are high in organic matter.

Figure 2: “Honey” mushrooms may be present at the base of infected

trees or along decaying roots, especially during rainy seasons.

(Photo: Homeowner, Kenton County Kentucky)

Figure 1: Dark brown rhizomorphs (or shoestrings) may be observed under the bark of trees infected with Armillaria root rot. (Photo: Cheryl Kaiser, UK)

Minimize stress from environmental factors.

If site has a history of Armillaria root rot, avoid susceptible tree species.

Additional Information

Shoestring Root Rot – A Cause of Tree and Shrub Decline (PPFS-OR-W-05)

University of Kentucky Plant Pathology Extension Publications (Website)

Source: Kim Leonberger, Extension Associate, and Nicole Ward Gauthier, Extension Plant Pathologist

Like what you see? Check out the

Gardener’s Toolbox for classes on these plants and more!

By The Yard Page 5

For More Plate It Up

Recipes, Vist:

http://fcs-hes.ca.uky.edu/content/ plate-it-kentucky-proud

September Quick Tips

. Add fall blooming perennials to your garden. Good candidates include: Japanese anemone, Hardy ageratum, non-invasive Goldenrods, Hardy begonia, Toad lilies, Asters, Montauk daisy, Perennial mums, Joe Pye Weed, and a wide variety of ornamental grasses. Make sure to keep plants well watered and try to have them planted early enough to allow establishment before freezing weather.

Continue to seed and renovate lawns this month. Good seed to soil contact is critical. Consider renting a power seeder if you are working with a large area.

Order spring flowering bulbs now or shop garden centers for the best selection. Bulbs may be plant-ed right away or stored in a cool place for later planting.

Plant cover crops in the vegetable garden after plants have been harvested. These can be tilled in next spring to add valuable organic matter. Or consider killing the plants and rolling flat to serve as an effective mulch you can plant through excellent organic weed control. For more information on varieties go to: http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id113/id113.pdf

Begin early garden cleanup with the removal of diseased plant materials. This will help prevent problems next year. Healthy plants can be left for late fall or early spring clean up.

Plant fall vegetables. You still have time to direct sow radishes, turnips, spinach and lettuces. You can still succeed with transplants of broccoli, and fast maturing cabbage varieties if planted right away.

Plant trees and shrubs. Fall is a wonderful time to plant woody ornamentals. Try to allow plants time to establish before the onset of severe weather.

Divide peonies, iris, and daylilies through the middle of this month.

Visit a local orchard or farmer’s market for apples, pears, fall raspberries and other seasonal treats.

First day of Autumn (Autumnal Equinox) is Thursday, September 23

Don’t forget to register for 2018 Gardener Toolbox classes. A condensed registration form is enclosed in this edition of “By The Yard” newsletter. For a detailed listing of the 2018 Gardener’s Toolbox class, visit: http://fayette.ca.uky.edu/files/gardeners_toolbox_2018.pdf or call (859) 257-5582 to have a copy mailed to you.

2018 GARDENER’S TOOLBOX - REGISTRATION FORM

Name: ________________________Phone: _____________E-Mail:________________

Address: __________________________City: ______________State: ____ Zip: _____

TOTAL Amount Enclosed $ ________

IMPORTANT REMINDERS!

Sign up early for classes to avoid being turned away because class is full.

ALL classes are “PRE-REGISTRATION” only.

If you need to cancel, you must do so 2 weeks prior to the class time to receive a refundor credit for a different class.

If handouts and/or plants are not picked up 3 days after class, items will be donated.

Please make check payable to: Fayette County Master Gardener Association

Mail To: Gardener’s Toolbox ~ Fayette County Extension Office

1140 Harry Sykes Way ~ Lexington, KY 40504

~ 2018 GARDENER’S TOOLBOX CLASSES ~

Classes will be held at the Fayette County Extension Office, 1140 Harry Sykes Way, beginning at 6:30 p.m., unless otherwise noted.

Class and Cost Class and Cost

Tuesday, 9/18: Dealing the Backyard Wildlife, Cost: $5.00 Thursday, 10/4: Growing Garlic, Cost: $10.00

Tuesday, 10/9: Ornamental Alliums, Cost: $10.00 Thursday, 11/8: Great Shrubs for Fall Color, Cost: $15.00

Tuesday, 11/13: Great Shrubs for Winter Interest, Cost: $15.00 Thursday, 11/15: Stump the Hort Agent, Cost: Free

Tuesday, 12/4: Caring for Holiday Plants, Cost: $10.00

CANNER LID TESTING

Before the canning season gets into full swing, we want to remind you that we can test your canner lid gauge. There is no fee for this service. Stop by the extension office with your canner lid and gauge any day Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. We also have free canning, freezing and drying publications available.

Boxwood blight is an invasive disease that originated in the United Kingdom in 1994 and is currently distributed throughout Asia, Europe, North America, and New Zealand. First reported in the U.S. in 2011, boxwood blight was confirmed in a residential landscape in Central Kentucky during October 2014; it is currently present in 27 states. Since its introduction, this disease continues to spread within the nursery trade and in landscapes.

SymptomsBoxwood blight affects leaves and branches. Roots can become infected and harbor fungal resting structures (microsclerotia), but root rot has not been reported. The earliest symptoms include light or dark brown circular leaf spots with darker borders (Figure 1). However, because plants can defoliate soon after leaf spots develop, this symptom often goes unnoticed. Elongated, dark brown or black streak-like lesions appear on infected stems (Figure 2).

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet

Boxwood BlightNicole Ward Gauthier

Extension Plant Pathologist

Figure 1. Early symptoms of boxwood blight include leaf spots, but because leaf drop occurs soon afterward, this phase often goes unnoticed.

University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Plant Pathology Extension

PPFS-OR-W-20

Agriculture & Natural Resources • Family & Consumer Sciences • 4-H/Youth Development • Community & Economic Development

Boxwood blight is a disease of boxwood (Buxus spp.) that causes rapid defoliation and plant dieback. Infected plants are eventually weakened, and the resulting plant stress and consequent colonization by secondary invaders often results in plant death. This fungal disease is particularly devastating to American boxwood cultivars, which can defoliate within a week; weakened plants can die within one growing season. Other susceptible hosts within the boxwood family include Pachysandra (Japanese spurge) and Sarcococca spp. (sweet box).

Jamie DockeryExtension Horticulture Agent

College of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentCooperative Extension Service

Importance

Symptoms of boxwood blight are different from some of the more commonly observed boxwood problems. For example, stem blight, freeze damage, and drought damage result in bright bronze or straw-colored foliage that remains attached to branches. Boxwood blight, in contrast, results in rapid defoliation of plants (Figure 3). Refer to Volutella Blight of Boxwood (PPFS-OR-W-26)to compare boxwood blight with this other disease.

Cause & Disease Development

Boxwood blight is caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata (synonym: Cylindrocladium buxicola). This fungus produces resting propagules (microsclerotia) that enable it to survive long periods in the absence of a host plant and during extreme weather conditions. Microsclerotia can remain dormant for 1 year buried in soil and for up to 3 years in plant debris.

The most common propagules produced by this fungus are spores called conidia. Conidia are the “repeating” stage of the disease cycle and the main source of inoculum. During warm, humid weather, the fungus produces conidia from infected plant material or debris. Under favorable conditions, conidia can initiate an infection within 5 hours of landing on a susceptible host. Newly sporulating lesions may develop within 7 days after infection. Optimal temperatures for disease and symptom development are 64˚F to 81˚F; disease symptoms are suppressed at temperatures above 84˚F.

Conidia can be spread short distances via splashing water and wind-driven rain. Sticky spores may also “hitchhike” on tools, clothing, holiday décor, or wet hands, but they rarely move unaided by humans. Long distance spread occurs when infected plants or infested soil (debris) and equipment are moved from one location to another. Conidia can survive 3 weeks without a host plant.

Figure 3. Defoliation of the lower plant canopy is often the first obvious symptom of boxwood blight.

Figure 2. Dark stem lesions are one of the most distinguishing symptoms of boxwood blight.

Exclusion (not allowing diseased plant material into a nursery or landscape) and strict sanitation protocols are keys to managing boxwood blight. Cultural practices, which can help prevent conditions that are conducive for disease development, and fungicides may be helpful, but only in combination. In addition, there has only been limited success using fungicides, so they should never be the sole management option employed. Fungicides can be used to protect plants from infection or suppress disease development, but they will not cure boxwood blight.

For more details regarding sanitation, refer to the UK Extension fact sheets, Landscape Sanitation (PPFS-GEN-04) and Greenhouse Sanitation (PPFS-GH-04) listed in Additional Resources.

Management practices have been divided into two sections to address specific recommendations that apply to the following production systems: �  Nurseries & Retail Centers (commercial)�  Landscapes (commercial and residential)

Exclusion�  Avoid or limit the introduction of outside boxwood plants (including holiday wreaths and decorative boxwood containers) into existing nursery or retail stock.�  Carefully inspect plants before purchase; avoid plants with leaf or stem lesions and those with an unhealthy appearance.�  Quarantine new plants for at least 3 weeks (under optimal conditions for disease development) before introducing them into production areas.

Sanitation�  Scout frequently to determine if boxwood blight infections are present.�  Section-off boxwoods and sanitize between sections. When working in blocks, begin with those that are healthy and then progress to higher risk blocks.�  Destroy entire blocks of infected stock and leaf debris immediately if disease is detected within a block. This helps remove sources of inoculum and prevents spread. Infected sites warrant extra precautions and attention to sanitation. �  Observe caution when moving and disposing of infected tissue: bag diseased plants on-site and move off-site to destroy. �  Provide cleaning stations with sanitizers for tools and equipment, which should be sanitized between individual blocks, beds, plantings, and properties. Refer to the table on the “Boxwood Task Force” website for sanitizer recommendations.

Nurseries & Retail Centers�  Require that workers wear disposable (e.g., Tyvek) or washable coveralls and shoe covers while working in areas where infections have been identified.

Cultural Practices�  Promote rapid drying of leaves by widely spacing plants for increased air circulation. �  Do not use overhead irrigation. �  Some boxwood cultivars are considered tolerant to boxwood blight; however, there is no true resistance. Symptoms on tolerant cultivars are often subtle and go unnoticed, thereby serving as reservoir hosts and sources for inoculum.

FungicidesFungicides are not curative; they can be used to protect healthy plants and/or healthy tissue. �  If disease is detected or risk of infection/transmission is high, destroy infected plant material immediately. Diseased materials cannot be sold.�  Protect entire inventory of remaining healthy boxwoods with fungicides. �  Use chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, or fludioxonil. Spray intervals vary by product; always refer to label.�  Refer to publications listed in Additional Resources for detailed fungicide recommendations.

Disease Management

Exclusion�  Avoid or limit the introduction of outside boxwood plants (including holiday wreaths and decorative boxwood containers) into existing landscapes, especially when valuable boxwood plantings are present.�  Carefully inspect plants before purchase; avoid plants with leaf or stem lesions and those with an unhealthy appearance.�  Quarantine new plants for at least 3 weeks before interplanting with established or valuable boxwood specimens.�  Commercial landscapers and lawn service providers should clean tools and equipment before moving from one site to another.

Sanitation �  Examine plantings frequently to determine if boxwood blight infections are present.�  Destroy infected plants and leaf debris immediately to remove sources of inoculum and to prevent spread. Infected sites warrant extra precautions and attention to sanitation. �  Observe caution when moving and disposing of infected tissue: bag on-site and move off-site to destroy. �  Sanitize tools and equipment between individual plants, beds, plantings, and properties. Refer to the table on the “Boxwood Task Force” website for sanitizer recommendations.�  Commercial landscapers should require workers to wear disposable (e.g., Tyvek) or washable coveralls where infections have been identified. Change overalls between sites.

Cultural Practices�  Promote increased air circulation and rapid drying of plant tissues by widely spacing plants, pruning to raise tree canopies, etc. �  Avoid, or at least minimize, overhead irrigation. �  Mulch underneath plants to expedite decomposition of inoculum and to prevent transmission of conidia via water splash.�  Do not replant landscapes with boxwoods for at least 3 to 5 years following the removal of diseased plants.

Landscapes�  Some boxwood cultivars are considered tolerant to boxwood blight; however, there is no true resistance. Tolerant cultivars may not show prominent symptoms and thereby serve as reservoir hosts.�  Reports have indicated that aggressive pruning, rigid sanitation, and fungicide applications (especially during wet seasons) may help rejuvenate valuable specimens within 3 to 5 years. This process includes repeated removal of diseased tissue and continuous protection of new growth with fungicides. Persistence and patience is warranted in this scenario.

FungicidesFungicides are not curative; they can be used to protect healthy plants and/or healthy tissue. �  Protect healthy plants that were located near diseased plants by using a fungicide.�  Fungicides are only recommended on sites where boxwood blight has been confirmed.�  If disease is detected, surrounding healthy plants should be protected with fungicides.

 � Homeowners should use chlorothalonil at 10- to 21-day intervals (refer to label) as long as conditions are conducive for disease. � Professional applicators should use chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, or fludioxonil as long as conditions are conducive for disease.

�  If fungicides are used in an effort to rejuvenate infected plants or to protect plants in a high-risk area, a consistent schedule is required. This period can extend for most or all of the growing season and may be necessary for the next 3 to 5 years.�  Refer to publications listed in Additional Resources for detailed fungicide recommendations.

Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.

August 2018

Editor: Cheryl KaiserPhotos: Nicole Gauthier, University of Kentucky

AcknowledgementThe authors thank Norman Dart, Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, for his review of the original publication.

Additional ResourcesGeneral information on boxwood blight�  Boxwood Blight (ANR-PATH-7-2017, Tennessee State University)http://www.tnstate.edu/extension/documents/Boxwood%20Blight%20Factsheet.pdf�  Boxwood Blight: An Ongoing Threat to Ornamental and Native Boxwood (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-018-8936-2�  Boxwood Blight Task Force (Virginia Cooperative Extension)https://ext.vt.edu/agriculture/commercial-horticulture/boxwood-blight.html

Sanitation�  Greenhouse Sanitation, PPFS-GH-04 (University of Kentucky)http://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-gh-04.pdf�  Landscape Sanitation, PPFS-GEN-04 (University of Kentucky)http://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-gen-04.pdf

Cultivar selection�  Susceptibility of Commercial Boxwood Varieties to Clyindrocladium buxicola (North Carolina State University)https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/final-2012-cult-susc-summary.pdf

Fungicides�  Efficacy Ratings for Fungicides for Boxwood Blight (Virginia Cooperative Extension)https://ext.vt.edu/content/dam/ext_vt_edu/topics/agriculture/commercial-horticulture/boxwood-blight/files/fungicides-table.pdf�  The Most Effective Products for Preventing Boxwood Blight, caused by Cylindrocladium buxicola (North Carolina State University)https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Ivors-box-blight-fungicides.pdf

Other boxwood diseases�  Volutella Blight of Boxwood (PPFS-OR-W-26)http://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-or-w-26.pdf

Boxwood Blight Tuesday, October 23, 2018 at 6:00pm

Fayette County Extension Office 1140 Harry Sykes Way 

This event is for ANYONE and

EVERYONE who comes into

contact with boxwoods.  

Homeowners, landscapers, garden 

clubs, nursery and retail workers are 

encouraged to a end.  

Please join us to learn more about the  

devasta ng fungal disease that is  

becoming more prevalent in  

the Lexington Area. 

Dr. Nicole Gauthier, UK Extension Plant Pathologist, will be sharing important  

facts, management recommenda ons, and  preven on  ps for boxwood blight. 

Open to RESIDENTIAL and COMMERCIAL!

A free event, but must RSVP! 

Call (859) 257‐5582  to reserve a seat. 

NONPROFIT ORG

US POSTAGE PAID

Lexington, KY

PERMIT 112

Newsletter

Enclosed

Fayette County “By the Yard”

Fayette County Cooperative Extension 1140 Harry Sykes Way Lexington, KY 40504-1383

RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED

Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of economic or social status and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, marital status, genetic information, age, veteran status, or physical or mental disability.

To file a complaint of discrimination, contact Tim West, UK College of Agriculture, 859-257-3879; Terry Allen or Patty Bender, UK Office of Institutional Equity and Equal Opportunity, 859-257-8927; or the USDA, Director Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W Whitten Bldg., 14th & Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 (202-720-5964).

Jamie Dockery

County Extension Agent for Horticulture Cooperative Extension Service

Fayette County Extension Service 1140 Harry Sykes Way

Lexington, KY 40504-1383 (859) 257-5582

UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, KENTUCKY STATE UNIVERSITY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

AND KENTUCKY COUNTIES, COOPERATING