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BIOEN
Organizational Design
Coordinator : José Maria F.J da Silveira
Area coordinators:
Prof. Maria Beatriz Bonacelli/IG-Unicamp
Prof. Abraham Yu – FEA/USP
The project is subdivided in three groups:
a) PROMON
b) PAPI
c) AVALIMP
FAPESP, November 2012
BIOEN
Organizational Design
Flagship: PROMON
Forecast and Monitoring from BIOEN issues
Group Leader: Prof. Ester Dal-Poz FCA – Unicamp
Researchers
Fabio Masago (Institute of Computer Sciences-Unicamp)
Vinicius Eduardo Ferrari Phd Student (IE- Unicamp)
Luiz Gustavo de Souza Phd Student (Esalq-USP)
Fernando da Silva Pereira Phd Candidate - IE-Unicamp)
Reserarch Assistants
Pedro Chagas – PIBIC-CNPQ/uUnicap
Carolina da Silveira Bueno - PUCCAMP
Main idea- BIOEN is a public project in
R&D.
Reasons to monitoring scientific
production and innovative and tech
potential of the programme:
a)Freedom to Operate – FTO(I. P. form
of the game)
b) Potential Markets for the technologies
developed by BIOEN researches(R&D
and Industrial sectors)- Clearance
Integrated Objectives of PROMON:
1. Mapping the Scientific Production
throughout its technological potential;
2.Market foresight: innovation potential
assessment and calculating the patent
value
Mapping the Scientific Production 2000-
2012. First author references (by Luis G. de
Souza- ESALQ)
*Researcher Luiz Gustavo de Souza, Esalq-USP
Obj.1- Mapping Scientific Production 2000-2012
Key words in web of science * (Luis Gustavo
Souza)
* P
esq
uis
ad
or
Lu
iz G
usta
vo
de
So
uza
, E
sa
lq-U
SP
Mapas de artigos, por citações nas bases de publicações ISI Web of Science através de busca realizada por palavras-chaves
selecionadas entre os anos de 2000 e 2012 .
Clusters de parcerias por país ( script Aduna Cluster® do programa VantagePoint ).
Obj.1- Mapear produção cientifica *
* P
esq
uis
ad
or
Lu
iz G
usta
vo
de
So
uza
, E
sa
lq-U
SP
Mapas de artigos, por citações nas bases de publicações ISI Web of Science através de busca realizada por palavras-chaves
selecionadas entre os anos de 2000 e 2012 .
Clusters de parcerias por país ( script Aduna Cluster® do programa VantagePoint ).
Number of scientific publications from Brasil is
very high. However, partnerships are
predominantly constituted by partners from the
country, impairing diffusion.
USA is the main player, whose researchers
are connected with others countries. At first
sight, it favors diffusion.
Next step: analyzing “small word” networks to
evaluate the value of the connections.
Objective. 2 – Market Prospection: technologies and
innovation
Definition of technological trajectories (by
BIOEN subjects);
a) biomass, transgenic plants, fermentation, 2nd
G...
Prospecção de patentes: tecnologias de valor
forecasting patents: highly cited patents and strongly
connected= higher market value
Giving an illustration (the networks are real
and related to BIOEN Research):
Cas 1 – biomass and ethanol or bioethanol (title+abstr+claims)
USPTO – 1976-2010; C12N or C07h21; k-core 20
Big
ph
arm
a
bio
tec
hn
olo
gie
s
Methodology: network characterization
ethanol/bioethanol e identification of
trajectories
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cit
ati
on
s
Patents
Patents X Number of CitationsNumber of Knots: 316
Number of Vertex: 1013
Density: 1,01%
In-Betweenness
Centralization: 0,00072
Normalized Closeness
Centralization: 0,20890
(range [0,1])
Patent number and (number of citations)
4,642,286 (18): no
assignees
4,652,526 (13)
(assignee: Univ.
Missouri
4,810,633 (20) (assignee: Mills Inc)
1/1
∞
5,231,017 (20) (assignee: Solvay)
∞
1/1
Methodologies
Building
technology
trajectories
calculating
SLPC in
patents
networks
(see
Verspagen,
B. (2007).
Working in
progress
Methodology developed by Dal Poz,
Silveira and Masago:
First procedure: build the network
based on key words and apply
network indicators;
Second procedure: identifying
patents well positioned in the
network: key-core procedure;
Final procedure: applying geodesic
distance.
Empresas e tecnologias: o cenário de
negociação do BIOEN
Country
Enterprise
R&D relationships:
A - Biomass Research
B - Ethanol Industrial Technologies
and Processing Research
C – Alcohol-chemistry and
Biorefineries
USA ZeaChem, Inc.
Xyleco, Inc.
B, C
USA Celanese International
Corporation
Bioengineering
Resources, Inc.
Genencor International,
Inc.
A, C
Finland Cultor, Ltd.
Valtion Teknillinen
TutkimuskeskusOy
A, B, C
Denmark Hoechst
Aktiengesellschaft
A, B, C
Case 2 - transgenic plants tech trajectory (plant
transformation technologies, 35S-ubiquitin)
USPTO – 1976-2011; k-core 20
Transgenic plants technological trajectory
Case Transgenic Plants: fits
perfectly the methodology
Monsanto Co. (+ Calgene and Dekalb)
Trajectory of plant transformation” and engineered
physiology”;
Vectors of DNA, promoters (35 S, opine, ubiquitin) = enabling
biotechnologies to the genetic engineering innovation for
agriculture;
Looking for the dynamics of innovative activities in the aim
to generate a environment that favors technology transfer
and commercialization.
Cas0 3 – quatro processos em fermentação de
2G
Simultaneous Saccharification and
Fermentation (SSF) (EXAMPLE)
Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP)
Direct Microbial Conversion (DMC)
Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation
(SHF)
Network SSF - k-core 32 -1
USPTO- 1976-2012; no-k-core
Density 0,81701%.
Centrality (indegree): 0,0119191
SSF – DG 1,0; k-core 32- 20
No defined tech trajectory to ethanol 2G till now. Image: star wars innovative processes....
Legenda
Patentes fundadoras do tema SSF
Única vinculação entre patentes altamente citadas e com
conexão DG1
Patentes desconectadas da rede.
4220721
02/09/80
(12)
495250428/08/90
(11)
450307905/03/85
(11)
449046925/12/84
(15)
587426326/02/99
(10)
546476007/11/95
(15)
5258293
02/11/93(15)
5779164
14/07/98
(10)
519807430/03/93
(16)
4840903
20/06/89(15)
540781708/04/95
(14)
5231017
27/07/93
(32)
650918021/01/03
(29)
5487989
30/01/96(27)
4321328
03/03/82(23)
5135861
04/03/92(11)
593245603/08/99
(15)
5677154
14/11/97
(11)
555452010/09/96
(21)
583750617/11/98
(11)
6927048
09/08/05
(18)
5571703
05/11/9
6(10)
609059518/07/00
(19)
5628830
13/05/97(20)
562087715/04/97
(17)
5597714
28/01/97
(19)6333181
25/12/01(13)
4326036
20/04/82(11)
In spite of the tech opportunities, some firms
are serioulsly involved...
a) Solvay Enzymes, Inc. (Elkhart, IN), July 27, 1993
b) ZeaChem Inc. (Golden, CO), January 21, 2003
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
Network – SSF SSF clusters by technological themes
Patent documents topology
General landscape: enzymes and their encoding genes
for second generation ethanol
Adapted transgenic plants for cellulose fermentation
Fermentation enzymes genetic engineering
Plant raw material linked to microorganisms fermentation
enzymes
Biomass industrial pre-treatment
Biomass saccharification processes
Thermophilic and mesophilic microorganisms
fermentation enzymes
Trichoderma sp. hydrolytic enzymes
Humicola grisea novel enzymes for sugar cane bagasse
fermentation
Lignocellulose solvents
SSF – Patent Top Assignees by year
Source: Authors, from Thomson Innovation database
Networks intersection
Source: Authors, from Thomson
Innovation database
10 techs para 2G
US Patent
Number
Assignee/Country Core technology
1. 7,226,776 University of Florida Research
Foundation, Inc. (USA)
Recombinant hosts suitable for simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation
2. 5,045,463 Cetus Corporation (USA) DNA expression vector
3. 8,075,694 Danisco US Inc. (USA) Acid fungal protease in fermentation of insoluble starch
substrates
4. 7,732,173 Membrane Technology and
Research, Inc. (USA)
Ethanol recovery process using membranes - a combination
of steps including fermentation
5. 7,985,847 BioJoule Ltd. (New Zealand) Extraction of ethanol-soluble lignin from the plant material
and retention of sugars
6. 7,649,086 BioJoule Ltd. (New Zealand) Integrated processing of plant biomass
7. 8,058,041 Inventor: Alex Berlin. Head
Protein Chemistry Dept.,
Novozymes Inc.
Process for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
of biomass
8. 5,100,791 The United States of America as
represented by the United States
(USA)
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using
cellobiose fermenting yeast Brettanomyces custersii
9. 7,785,848 ACTIVA BioGreen, Inc. (USA) Improvement od biomass conversion and fermentation
process by promoting the growth of microbes.
10. 7,582,458 Novozymes North America, Inc.
(USA)
Improved fermentation processes applying oxidizing
enzymes and growth stimulators for the fermenting
microorganisms
Vetores: cauliflower virus
PAPI GROUP: ORGANIZATIONAL
DESIGN OF BIOEN PROGRAM:
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY,
INCENTIVE MECHANISM AND
IMPACT EVALUATION.
Leader: José Maria F.J. da Silveira- IE/Unicamp
Researchers: Prof. Paulo Berti. A Barros
(Unifesp); Prof. Ivette Haumani –IE/Unicamp.
Research assistant: Jamile Colleti (IE/FCA-
Unicamp)
BIOEN Influence in Research Leaders
Research Strategies.
The BIOEN Program has changed 30% of lines
of research in some way and a lot. Just a few
changes was considered by 36% and nothing by
24%.
48% Researchers verified that collaborations
had expanded a lot; 28% think that some
increase in collaborations occurred.
The potential production of the lab. increased
28% very much with 52% in average.
For 25% of the lab. the funding pattern
increased greatly.
The BIOEN
program perception on the national scenario
50% of researchers disagree with the
statement that without the BIOEN Program
research in bioenergy in Brazil would be
doomed to failure. However 28% agree that it
could be.
The legal restrictions and bureaucracy in
customs house, according to the researchers,
impose degrees of difficulty as great as
financial constraints.
The perception about Industry
partnership
85.7% strongly agree with the importance of
industry participation in research and
development in partnership with the university.
However, 50% of researchers believe that
partnerships are not occurring or not occurring
as it should be.
Researchers believe, 60%, that is the role of
BIOEN to produce science and technology for
the ethanol industry.
The Bioen Program and the
perception of the researchers on
the IP. 25% think that the program is quite aware
about the issue and another 25% think that it is
simply aware, 14% did not positioned
themselves for various reasons and 28% think
that the program is not aware about IP
concerns and 7.1% stated that the program is
nothing concerned about IP issues.
Do IP work as an incentive to
scientific advancement?
The responses tended to be
favorable: 25% strongly agree and
28.6% just agree, 14.3% were unable
to evaluate, 17.9% disagreed and
14.3% completely disagree.
Have the researcher an interest in
patenting their research results?
When asked about interest in patenting the
development of research developed in Bioen
program, 65.2% confirm interest in patenting
with the remaining 34.8% not interested in
asserting any patent.
IP and research materials and
research protocols.
For academic purposes, 52% of researchers believe that a severe IP enforcement (not flexible) does not apply in research materials. However, 32% disagree.
The IP in research protocols, 60% believe that a severe IP enforcement does not apply, and 30% disagree.
50% of researchers believe that IP can in fact block their research, 30% did not understand how IP can do this.
AVALIMP: MAIN RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
What would be the impacts – economic, social,
environmental and in the capabilities fields) that
could be foreseen by the analysis of the BIOEN
R&D activity in the next 5 and 10 years, in São
Paulo State and Brazil? It regards the evolution of
technologies and new Products (not only energy,
but resins and so). Equipe AVALIMP: Abraham Yu, Alceu Salles e Paulo
Tromboni
(Departamento de Administração, FEA, USP)
.
AVALIMP: Research themes
P&D para Cadeia Cana P&D Tecnologias Concorrentes
Tecnologias de Transformação
Etanol 1ª Geração
Açucar Combustíveis
Cana Eletricidade (Bagaço) Derivados Adoçantes
Produção de Cana Etanol 2ª Geração Eletricidade
Bio-Plásticos Plásticos
Processo X Mercado W
Processo Y Mercados
Impactos
•Technological strategy from
the assembly firms:
powertrain, including electric
cars.
• Flex-Fuel Technological
Development
• What are the reasons to
import ethanol from the US?
• Bioplastics adoption strategy [01 Phd thesis; 04 ms
dissertations]
• Brazilian transition to ethanol as fuel
•Logistics in ethanol
• Alliances and partnerships in sugar-cane chain
• Second generation viability assessment [03 Phd thesis; 01 ms dissertation]
•Impact Prospection
• Developing Integrated
models to assess impacts.
(1 Phd Thesis in progress)
Some Results
Competition from electric cars
Sharp growing of the electric cars manufacturing
since 1995.
Electric car rapid diffusion process could be a treat or
na opportunity to ethanol producers.
New derivate products and its impacts on sugarcane demand:
green plastic, lubricant.
The success can generate significant demand for
sugarcane.
Technological Discontinuity in the Automobile
Industry:
Era of Ferment for Electric Vehicles (EV)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 611890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Nu
mb
er
of
Fir
ms
EV World (Frery, 2000)
Auto US (Utterback, 1987;
Abernathy, 1978)
EV World (authors, 2011)
Number of Firms in the AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
Sources: Frery (2000 apud Midler and Beaume, 2008); Utterback (1987); Abernathy (1978); Feeney (2009); Hacker, et al. (2009); Alternatives Fuels (2011); All Electric Vehicles (2011).
“Autores, 2011”: Yu, Lopes, Chu, Nascimento, e Camargo Jr., Electric vehicles: struggles in
creating a market, PICMET, 2011
Green Ethylene Polyethylene Polymer Plastics; etc.
• Ethylene is one of the largest-volume petrochemicals worldwide;
• Global demand of Ethylene is forecasted to grow at about average GDP
growth rates;
• World consumption of Ethylene in 2009: 112 millions of ton;
• Green Ethylene: use sugarcane as feedstock;
• 7,2m³ of Ethanol produces 3 ton of green Ethylene;
• Status: in production by Braskem.
Impacts on the Sugarcane Demand
• In 2008/2009 harvest the Brazilian sugarcane
production was 549 million tons. Considering
10% of ethylene market and 5% of diesel
market using sugarcane as feedstock, estimate
sugarcane demand increases about 67%
• If only Lubricants and Ethylene from sugarcane
are considered, the demand increases 62%
Nascimento, P. T. S.; Ana Paula Paes Leme Barbosa; Aline Ishikawa; Abraham Sin Oih
Yu; Alceu Salles Camargo Jr., New co-products and Ethanol availability in Brazil,
PICMET 2012