COPAR

PREENTRY PHASE✔ Preliminary Social Investigation✔ Community consultation✔ Settling of issues/considerations related to siteselection✔ Networking with local government units (eg. LGUs, NGOs)

ENTRY PHASE✔ Integration with the community✔ Sensitization of the community✔ Continuing social investigation✔ Core group formation✔ Dev’t of criteria for selection of core group members✔ Defining the roles, functions and tasks of thecore group✔ Coordination, dialogue and consultation withother community organizations✔ Self-awareness and leadership training planning

COMMUNITY STUDY/DIALOGUE PHASE✔ Selection of the research team✔ Training on data collection, methods and technique capability building which includesdevelopment of data collection tools✔ Planning for the actual gathering of data✔ Data gathering✔ Prioritization of community needs and problemsfor action

COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION & CAPABILITY BUILDING PHASE✔ Community meetings to draw up guidelines for the organization of CHO✔ Election of officers✔ Development and management system and procedures including delineation of roles, functions and tasks of officers and members of the CHO✔ Team building, action-reflection in faith action✔ Working out the legal requirements for theestablishment of the CHO✔ Organizations of working committees, task groups(like education and training, membership ofcommittees)✔ Training of CHO officers and community leaders

COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE✔ Organization of training of community healthworkers (CHW’s)○ Development of criteria for the selection of CHW’s○ Selection of CHW’s○ Training of CHW’s✔ Setting up of linkages and network referral Systems✔ Planning, implementation of resources mobilization scheme

SUSTENANCE & STRENGTHENING PHASE✔ Formulation of ratification of constitution and by laws✔ Identification and development of secondary leaders✔ Setting up and institutionalization of financing scheme for community health programs and activities✔ Development and implementation of viablemanagement system and procedures, committees,continuing education/training of leaders, CHW’sand community residents✔ Continuing education and upgrading of community leaders, CHW’s and CHO members✔ Development of medium and long term community health development

SALT ACTIVITIESInitial IntroductionActivity:The community residents are asked to choose a letter from their name and give a word starting with their chosen letter that describes their personality.Rationale:The activity is done for the participants to get to know themselves better. It is important that we know who we are and what are our strengths and weaknesses in order for us to know other people.Character AssociationA part of SALT wherein you will associate your character to an object.Instruction:First look for a thing that will suit your personality and explain the relevance to your character.Rationale:It is to associate yourself with an inanimate object to describe who you are as a person,

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regardless if you see yourself positively, negatively, or both.Photo LanguageA part of SALT wherein you will pose for 5-10 seconds that describe your personality.

APPROACHES TO CHANGE1. Welfare approachTHE immediate &/or spontaneous response to the manifestation of poverty, especially on the personal levelASSUMES that poverty is God-given; destined, hence the poor should accept their condition since they will receive their just reward inheavenBELIEVES that poverty is caused by bad luck, natural disaster and certain circumstances which are beyond the control of people

2. Modernization approachALSO referred to as the project development approachINTRODUCES whatever resources are lacking in a given communityALSO considered a national strategy which adopts the western mode of technological developmentASSUMES that development consists of abandoning the traditionalmethods of doing things and must adopt the technology of industrial countriesBELIEVES that poverty is due to lack of education; lack of resources such as capital and technology

3. Transformatory/Participatory approachTHE process of empowering/transforming the poor and the oppressed sectors of society so that they can pursue a more just and humane societyASSUMES that poverty is not God-given, rather it is rooted in the historical past and is maintained by the oppressive structures in societyBELIEVES that poverty is caused by prevalence of exploitation, oppression, domination and other unjust structures

LEVELS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONLevel 1 People are just physically involved in the implementation of the program designed by the organizing program.

Level 2

When the people are involved in making yes/no decisions to the plan or program presented by the organizing agency.

Level 3 When working committees are created for the community member in making decisions throughout the entire problem solving process.

Level 4 Requires the active involvement of the majority of the community members in making decision throughout the problem solving process.

TYPES AND DIFFICULTIES IN DECISIONMAKINGTHE ONE PERSON DECISIONOnly one person’s decision in a particular group is always final without reference to the study.

THE HAND CLASPIn a group meeting, on member may raise a suggestion I which everybody would approve without further questions of the said matter.

THE FLOPIn a group meeting, on member may raise a suggestion of a certain matter, but unfortunately not given the time to be heard by everybody in the group.

THE CLIQUEA small exclusive circle of people who always go against the decision approved by the group they belong. They make foolishness out of the idea raised by a person so that there would be no decision achieved.

MINORITYA small group of members in a certain organization that are very united and who will make a decision of a certain matter beyond the knowledge of the other members of the organization not belonging to their group.

MAJORITYDuring meetings, it often happens that there are twopossible decisions that could be made: To eliminate the other, the leader may decide to have a voting process, and the highest

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idea who gained votes will be carried by the body.

CONFLICTING LOYALTIESWhen a person is involved in two different groups that could no longer do the role because of conflict of time to be prioritized.

INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTIt is a conflict between persons that would hinderprosperity because of the person involved would not agree to support each other to attain a project due to pride and other reasons.

HIDDEN AGENDAA person may offer or open a plan to a group, without the knowledge of other members.

CLASH OF INTERESTNo decision is made since the interest of every member is not met. Everybody raises ideas, but no agreement is made.

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