OUTCOMES OF TRANSPORTATION WITHIN

COPENHAGEN

Presented By: Dan Berlinski, Jordan Senerth, Andi Karica, Lazarus Pittman

Environmentally Focused Development

Agenda

Evaluation of Success:

● Transportation Planning

and initiatives

● Public Transportation

● Urban Environment

SustainabilityReduce CO2 emissions

Becoming a green land use city

Green Planning

● Finger Plan

● Contain urban area in

fingers

● Increase access to

green space

● Clean harbor to swim in

Reducing CO2

Encourages public transportation and biking

Greatly Improved Quality of Life

● Rated among highest quality of life

● Health benefits● Economic benefits

Failures

Fingers have become "fatter"Some urban sprawl

Public Transportation - Recap

Water Taxi

Bus System

Metro

S-Tog

Adherence to Finger Plan

S-Tog

Metro

Rail

Bus

Public Transportation - All Options

● Airport

● Busses

● Train (S-Tog)

● Metro

● Water Taxi

● Public Bicycle

Commonalities:○ Multimodal○ Inter-Connected

■ (Via Finger Plan)○ Integrated

Public Transportation - Successes

Cities that achieve Social and Economic Success without high car use generally have 3 things in common:

● High Densities● Good Urban Design● Successful Planning Frameworks that

Integrate Land Use with:○ Public Transport Networks ○ Walking Networks○ Cycling Networks

Public Transportation - Successes: Integration Between Public Transportation and Urban

Density

Density of jobs and residents is clustered around major public transport nodes

Public Transportation - Successes:Accessibility

Distances to Rail and Metro Stations: Copenhagen vs. Other Cities

Public Transportation - Failures

● Confusing Zone System

● Traffic Congestion due to inner city development

● Finger spacing decreasing

Copenhagenization

Copenhagenization● Copenhagenization accessible to bicyclists and pedestrians, and less car

dependent.

● Jan Gehl - Improve the quality of Urban life "Copenhagenize"

● Saves 3,65 DKK ($0.65) per every bicycle ride made

● Yearly health-benefits from biking in Copenhagen up to 1.7 billion DKK (about 230 million Euros)

● Biking to work from 35 % in 2012 to 50 % already in 2015

● Security feeling (from 67 % in 2010 to 80 % in 2015 and further to 90 % in 2025)

Cycling Community

Integration of bicycle in the transportation system

● Bicycles admitted on S-train network for some time to facilitate mixed-mode

commuting

● In 2010 the state railways (DSB) made it free to bring bicycles on the train

● Since 2010 the number of passengers bringing their bicycle on the train grew

from 2.1 million to 7.3 million

● Added extra carriage and kept the existing compartment to increase capacity

from 22 to 46 bicycles per train

Bicycles on Trains

Since 2011 it has also possible to bring bicycles on the city's network of commuter express buses, labelled S-

Buses, for a fee of DKK 12 (USD 2), although not during rush hour

Bicycles on Buses

Taxis are required by law to carry a bike rack

Bicycles on Taxis

Copenhagen Superhighway(adjacent to car highways)

Copenhagen Superhighway(just outside the highway area)

Copenhagen Superhighway

Cycling in the wilderness outside Copenhagen (near the airport)

Downfalls

560.000 bicycles in the city of Copenhagen, in fact there are more bicycles than people,they share only 48.000 bicycle stands

Cycling Issues

● As of 2012, just 35% of commuters traveling to school or work are bicyclists from 37% in 2009.

● Use of Helmets -> False sense of security -> Higher number of accidents

● Only 37% being satisfied with the facilities

● New bicycle scheme will not be implemented in 2013 due to funding

Conclusion

Basis for Success: Others are adopting similar planning strategies

BIBLIOGRAPHY

● http://www.theworld.org/2009/12/copenhagen-climate-conference/● http://www.kk.

dk/sitecore/content/subsites/cityofcopenhagen/subsitefrontpage/livingincopenhagen/~/media/2E76B083C02740F69F288D9FDD6F3BAE.ashx

● http://www.swcoalition.org/blog/entry/three-sustainable-cities-the-rest-of-the-world-could-learn-from

● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koebenhavn_Oerstedsparken_2009_ubt.JPG● http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/A-perfect-hub● http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/business/2011/06/07/qmb.fc.copenhagenisation.cnn● http://www.oecd.org/futures/infrastructureto2030/49996793.pdf● http://www.thinkurban.org/projects/world-class-bicycle-infrastructure-good-ideas-for-cities/● http://www.pri.org/stories/science/environment/bike-ridership-low-due-to-promotion-of-helmets-

urban-motility-expert-says-10095.html